Project Gutenberg 2007-09-14 Public domain in the USA. 1020 Smith, David Eugene 1860 1944 Dunham, David Smith, Eugene Karpinski, Louis Charles 1878 1956 Karpinski, L. C. (Louis Charles) 11020635 The Hindu-Arabic Numerals Produced by David Newman, Chuck Greif, Keith Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images from the Cornell University Library: Historical Mathematics Monographs collection.) "The Hindu-Arabic Numerals" by David Eugene Smith and Louis Charles Karpinski is a historical account written in the early 20th century. This work delves into the origins and evolution of the numeral system commonly used today, which is often misnamed "Arabic" despite its true roots in Hindu mathematics. The authors aim to compile and clarify the fragmented history of these numerals, exploring their development, usage, and eventual widespread acceptance in commerce and science. The opening of the book establishes the premise that the Hindu-Arabic numeral system is relatively recent in its widespread adoption, only becoming prominent in Europe and the Americas over the past few centuries. It discusses misconceptions about the origins of these numerals, tracing their evolution from earlier notational systems used by ancient civilizations. The authors highlight the contributions of various scholars, particularly in assessing the claims of both Hindu and Arabic origins for these numerals and setting the stage for a deeper exploration into their journey from India to Europe, emphasizing the complexity involved in this mathematical history. (This is an automatically generated summary.) Reading ease score: 64.2 (8th & 9th grade). Neither easy nor difficult to read. en Numerals QA Text Mathematics Browsing: Mathematics Browsing: Science - General Category: History - Other Category: Mathematics 574814 2025-06-09T12:35:13.562846 text/html 529365 2021-01-02T23:04:15 text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 513374 2021-01-02T23:04:16 text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 application/zip 800444 2025-06-09T12:35:46.637653 application/epub+zip 730128 2025-06-09T12:35:21.643802 application/epub+zip 248249 2025-06-09T12:35:17.225767 application/epub+zip 3489825 2025-06-09T12:36:02.619607 application/x-mobipocket-ebook 3370504 2025-06-09T12:35:37.330686 application/x-mobipocket-ebook 460241 2022-09-10T14:04:05.354034 application/x-mobipocket-ebook 351478 2025-06-09T12:35:10.149827 text/plain; charset=us-ascii 350900 2021-01-02T23:04:15 text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 137564 2021-01-02T23:04:16 text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 application/zip 351109 2021-01-02T23:04:15 text/plain; charset=us-ascii 137090 2021-01-02T23:04:16 text/plain; charset=us-ascii application/zip 21378 2025-06-09T12:36:03.056550 application/rdf+xml 16135 2025-06-09T12:35:18.025766 image/jpeg 4556 2025-06-09T12:35:17.644772 image/jpeg 593007 2025-06-09T12:35:14.107767 application/octet-stream application/zip Archives containing the RDF files for *all* our books can be downloaded at https://book.klll.cc/wiki/Gutenberg:Feeds#The_Complete_Project_Gutenberg_Catalog en.wikipedia en.wikipedia