This edition had all images removed.
Title: Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
Note: Wikipedia page about this book: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_Aid:_A_Factor_of_Evolution
Credits: Produced by Charles Aldarondo
Summary: "Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution" by P. Kropotkin is a scientific publication written in the late 19th to early 20th century. In this work, Kropotkin challenges the prevailing Darwinian notion of the "struggle for existence" as the primary factor driving evolution, instead proposing that mutual aid and cooperation among species play a more crucial role in survival and evolution. The opening of the book presents Kropotkin's observations during his travels in Eastern Siberia and Northern Manchuria, where he noted the harsh conditions of nature and the consequent scarcity of animal life. He contrasts this with the numerous instances of cooperation and mutual aid among species, which he believes are essential for survival in the face of dire environmental challenges. Kropotkin sets the stage for further discussions on various species of animals—pointing out how they work together for mutual benefit, thereby laying a foundation for his thesis that cooperation, rather than competition, is a fundamental law of nature and a significant factor in the evolutionary process. (This is an automatically generated summary.)
Reading Level: Reading ease score: 51.9 (10th to 12th grade). Somewhat difficult to read.
Author: Kropotkin, Petr Alekseevich, kniaz, 1842-1921
EBook No.: 4341
Published: Aug 1, 2003
Downloads: 351
Language: English
Subject: Cooperation
Subject: Social groups
Subject: Social institutions
LoCC: Social sciences: Sociology
Category: Text
Rights: Public domain in the USA.
This edition has images.
Title: Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
Note: Wikipedia page about this book: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_Aid:_A_Factor_of_Evolution
Credits: Produced by Charles Aldarondo
Summary: "Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution" by P. Kropotkin is a scientific publication written in the late 19th to early 20th century. In this work, Kropotkin challenges the prevailing Darwinian notion of the "struggle for existence" as the primary factor driving evolution, instead proposing that mutual aid and cooperation among species play a more crucial role in survival and evolution. The opening of the book presents Kropotkin's observations during his travels in Eastern Siberia and Northern Manchuria, where he noted the harsh conditions of nature and the consequent scarcity of animal life. He contrasts this with the numerous instances of cooperation and mutual aid among species, which he believes are essential for survival in the face of dire environmental challenges. Kropotkin sets the stage for further discussions on various species of animals—pointing out how they work together for mutual benefit, thereby laying a foundation for his thesis that cooperation, rather than competition, is a fundamental law of nature and a significant factor in the evolutionary process. (This is an automatically generated summary.)
Reading Level: Reading ease score: 51.9 (10th to 12th grade). Somewhat difficult to read.
Author: Kropotkin, Petr Alekseevich, kniaz, 1842-1921
EBook No.: 4341
Published: Aug 1, 2003
Downloads: 351
Language: English
Subject: Cooperation
Subject: Social groups
Subject: Social institutions
LoCC: Social sciences: Sociology
Category: Text
Rights: Public domain in the USA.