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Edward Mead EarleTurkey, The Great Powers, and The Bagdad RailwayPREFACECONTENTSMAPSCHAPTER I AN ANCIENT TRADE ROUTE IS REVIVEDCHAPTER II BACKWARD TURKEY INVITES ECONOMIC EXPLOITATIONCHAPTER III GERMANS BECOME INTERESTED IN THE NEAR EASTCHAPTER IV THE SULTAN MORTGAGES HIS EMPIRECHAPTER V PEACEFUL PENETRATION PROGRESSESCHAPTER VI THE BAGDAD RAILWAY BECOMES AN IMPERIAL ENTERPRISECHAPTER VII RUSSIA RESISTS AND FRANCE IS UNCERTAINCHAPTER VIII GREAT BRITAIN BLOCKS THE WAYCHAPTER IX THE YOUNG TURKS ARE WON OVERCHAPTER X BARGAINS ARE STRUCKCHAPTER XI TURKEY, CRUSHED TO EARTH, RISES AGAINCHAPTER XII THE STRUGGLE FOR THE BAGDAD RAILWAY IS RESUMEDINDEXTHE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSETurkish Sovereignty is a Polite FormalityThe Natural Wealth of Asiatic Turkey Offers Alluring OpportunitiesForces Are at Work for RegenerationBIBLIOGRAPHICAL AND EXPLANATORY NOTESThe First Rails Are LaidThe Traders Follow the InvestorsThe German Government Becomes InterestedGerman Economic Interests Make for Near Eastern ImperialismThe Germans Overcome CompetitionThe Bagdad Railway Concession Is GrantedThe Locomotive Is to Supplant the CamelThe Sultan Loosens the Purse-StringsSome Turkish Rights Are SafeguardedThe Financiers Get Their First ProfitsThe Bankers’ Interests Become More ExtensiveBroader Business Interests DevelopSea Communications are EstablishedPolitical Interests Come to the ForeReligious and Cultural Interests Reënforce Political and Economic MotivesSome Few Voices are Raised in ProtestRussia Voices Her DispleasureThe French Government HesitatesFrench Interests are Believed to be MenacedThe Bagdad Railway Claims French SupportersEarly British Opinions Are FavorableThe British Government Yields to PressureVested Interests Come to the ForeImperial Defence Becomes the Primary ConcernBritish Resistance is Stiffened by the EntenteA Golden Opportunity Presents Itself to the Entente PowersThe Germans Achieve a Diplomatic TriumphThe German Railways Justify Their ExistenceThe Young Turks Have Some Mental ReservationsThe Kaiser and the Tsar Agree at PotsdamFrench Capitalists Share in the SpoilsThe Young Turks Conciliate Great BritainBritish Imperial Interests Are Further SafeguardedDiplomatic Bargaining Fails to Preserve PeaceNationalism and Militarism Triumph at ConstantinopleAsiatic Turkey Becomes One of the Stakes of the WarGermany Wins Temporary Domination of the Near East“Berlin to Bagdad” Becomes But a MemoryTo the Victors Belong the Spoils“The Ottoman Empire is Dead. Long Live Turkey!”Germany is Eliminated and Russia WithdrawsFrance Steals a March and Is Accompanied by ItalyBritish Interests Acquire a Claim to the Bagdad RailwayAmerica Embarks upon an Uncharted SeaJFIFC    #%$""!&+7/&)4)!"0A149;>>>%.DIC;C  ;("(;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;`" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?ox -mǟvְd6@SmG;dϴ-q+F9n[INJ`?yol {3p>Q%=|,JG /=1qNOSnpڏk /O`pt8?d5d#(%d?Yϓ?(4n?<)sdt??H)ig)xPH(11ۊE%4{Y>z,ƒ?M'-=4O|5J s4ϔ???$p[z$Qd?YpJ hh _k ֖0XI(|,g7?g-/~po>[x$) ߥ@|?;ZM@/-8;\l6I]n)Y>w=a ? INF@pF~{Y>w𳛪J}? 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