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{\info{\title THE BOY MECHANIC VOLUME I }{\author Don}{\creatim\yr2004\mo5\dy12\hr3\min50}{\revtim\yr2004\mo6\dy19\hr4\min18}{\printim\yr2004\mo5\dy11\hr23\min6}{\comment StarWriter}{\vern6450}}\deftab720
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\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with}
\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or}
\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included}
\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 with this eBook or online at book.klll.cc}
\par 
\par 
\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Title: The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1}
\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0        700 Things For Boys To Do}
\par 
\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Author: Popular Mechanics}
\par 
\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Release Date: June 18, 2004 [EBook #12655]}
\par 
\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Language: English}
\par 
\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1}
\par 
\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOY MECHANIC: VOLUME 1 ***}
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par {\loch\f7\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Produced by Don Kostuch}
\par 
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\par {\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033\i0\b0 The Boy Mechanic}
\par {\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033\i0\b0 Vol. 1}
\par {\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033\i0\b0 700 Things for Boys to Do}
\par {\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033\i0\b0 800 Illustrations Showing How}
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Jack Mansfield}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ed}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Jan 28, 1938}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 August 1916}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 From Mother}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-3682\lin0\rin-3682\fi0\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033 
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-3682\lin0\rin-3682\fi0\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs30\lang1033\i0\b0{\fs30 THE BOY MECHANIC }}{\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033{\fs26 VOLUME I }}
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Transcriber\rquote s Notes:}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This text accurately reproduces the original book except for adherence to Project Gutenburg guidelines. Each project title is followed by its original page number to allow use of the alphabetical contents (index) at the end of the book. The book used very 
complex typesetting to conserve space. This transcription uses simple one-column linear layout.}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The text only version is of limited use because of the widespread occurrence of  diagrams and illustrations. Use the pdf version for the complete text.}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many projects are of contemporary interest\emdash magic, kites and boomerangs for example. Try a \ldblquote Querl\rdblquote  for starters.}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There are many projects of purely historical interest, such as chemical photography, phonographs, and devices for coal furnaces.}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Another class of projects illustrate the caviler attitude toward environment and health in 1913. These projects involve items such as gunpowder, acetylene, hydrogen, lead, mercury, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, cadmium, potassium sulfate, potassium cyanide, 
potassium ferrocyanide, copper sulfate, and hydrochloric acid. Several involve the construction of hazardous electrical devices. Please view these as snapshots of culture and attitude, not as suggestions for contemporary activity.}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Be careful and have fun or simply read and enjoy a trip into yesterday.}
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Poster's Note:}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The PDF format of this e-book was generated from the RTF by OpenOffice.}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Any future revisions needed to the PDF can be made the same way.}
\par 
\par 
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs19\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs19\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 How to Make a Glider }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 (See page 171)}}
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex124\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs50\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs50\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs50\lang1033\i0\b THE}
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\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs25\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs25\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs25\lang1033\i0\b VOLUME I}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs37\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs37\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs37\lang1033\i0\b 700 THINGS FOR BOYS TO DO}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs24\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033\i0\b HOW TO CONSTRUCT}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs19\langfe1033\loch\fs19\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs19\lang1033\i0\b0 WIRELESS OUTFITS, BOATS, CAMP EQUIPMENT, AERIAL.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs19\lang1033\i0\b0 GLIDERS, KITES, SELF-PROPELLED VEHICLES ENGINES, MOTORS, ELECTRICAL APPARATUS, CAMERAS}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs12\langfe1033\loch\fs12\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs12\lang1033\i0\b0 AND}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs19\langfe1033\loch\fs19\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs19\lang1033\i0\b0 HUNDREDS OF OTHER THINGS WHICH DELIGHT EVERY BOY}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033\i0\b\b{\charscalex106 WITH }}{\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033\b\b\b{\fs27 800 }{\charscalex106 ILLUSTRATIONS}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs24\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs16\lang1033\i0\b0{\fs16{\charscalex122 COPYRIGHTED, 1913, BY }}}{\fs16\fs16{\loch\f0\fs16\lang1033{\charscalex109 H. H. WINDSOR }}}{\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033{\charscalex105\fs19 CHICAGO}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106\qc{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs24\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033\i0\b POPULAR MECHANICS CO.}
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\pard\plain\absw7661\absh-2054\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert63905\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5de1b059.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Model Steam Engine [1]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch illustrates a two-cylinder single-acting, poppet\- valve steam engine of home construc\-tion. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The entire engine, excepting the flywheel, shaft, valve cams, pistons and bracing rods connecting the upper and lower plates of the frame proper, is of brass, the other parts named be\-ing of cast iron and bar steel. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cylinders, G, are of seamless brass tubing, 1-1/2 in. outside diameter; the pistons, H, are ordinary 1-1/2 in. pipe caps turned to a plug fit, and ground into the cylinders with oil and emery. This operation also finishes the inside of the cylinders. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The upright rods binding the top and bottom plates are of steel rod about 1/8-in. in diameter, threaded into the top plate and passing through holes in the bottom plate with hex\-agonal brass nuts beneath. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The valves, C, and their seats, B, bored with a countersink bit, are plainly shown. The valves were made by threading a copper washer, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs203/8 {\charscalex108 in. in diameter, and screwing it on the end of the valve rod, then wiping on roughly a tapered mass of solder and gri
nding it into the seats B with em\-ery and oil. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The valve rods operate in guides, D, made of 1/4-in. brass tubing, which passes through the top plate and into the heavy brass bar containing the valve seats and steam passages at the top, into which they are plug-fitted and soldered. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The location and arrangement of the valve seats and steam passages are shown in the sketch, the flat bar containing them being soldered to the top plate. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The steam chest, A, over the valve mechanism is constructed of 1-in. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Engine Details}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 square brass tubing, one side being sawed out and the open ends fitted with pieces of }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1/16 in. sheet brass and soldered in. The steam inlet is a gasoline pipe connection such as used on automobiles. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The valve-operating cams, F, are made of the metal ends of an old type\-writer platen, one being finished to shape and then firmly fastened face to face to the other, and used as a pat\-tern in filing the other to shape. At\-tachment to the shaft, N, is by me
ans of setscrews which pass through the sleeves. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri11\lin0\rin11\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The main bearings, M, on the sup\-ports, O, and the crank-end bearings of the connecting rods, K, are split and held in position }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 by }{\charscalex108 machine }{\charscalex106 screws with provision for taking them up when worn. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The exhausting of spent steam is accomplished by means of slots, I, sawed into the fronts of the cylinders at about }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs201/8{\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. above the lowest posi\-tion of the piston's top at the end of the stroke, at which position of the piston the valve rod drops into th
e cut\-out portion of the cam and allows the valve to seat. \tab . }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 All the work on this engine, save turning the pistons, which was done }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 in a machine shop for a small sum, and making the flywheel, this being taken}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex106 from an old dismantled model, was accomplished with a hacksaw, bench drill, carborundum wheel, files, taps and dies. The base, }Q, {\charscalex106 is made of a heavy piece of brass.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The action is smooth and the speed high. Steam is supplied by a sheet \-brass boiler of about 3 pt. capacity, heated with a Bunsen burner. --Con\-tributed by Harry F. Lowe, Wash\-ington, D. C. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Magic Spirit Hand [2]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The magic hand made of wax is given to the audience for examination, also a board which is suspended by four pieces of common picture-frame wire. The hand is placed upon the board and answers, by rapping, any question asked by members of the audience. The 
hand and the board may be examined at any time and yet the rapping can be continued, though sur\-rounded by the audience. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Magic Wand, London, gives the secret of this spirit hand as fol\-lows: The hand is prepared by con\-cealing in the wrist a few soft iron plates, the wrist being afterwards bound with black velvet as shown in Fig. 1. The board is hollow, the top being mad
e of thin veneer (Fig. 2). A small magnet, A, is connected to a small flat pocket lamp battery, B. The board is suspended by four lengths of picture-frame wire one of which, E, is }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7521\absh-1881\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57313\flyanchor1\flycntnt}
\par\pard
}{}{\lang1024}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 {\*\bkmkstart _1143055282}{\*\bkmkend _1143055282}Wax Hand on Board and Electrical Connections}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 connected to the battery and another, D, to the magnet. The other wires, F and G, are only holding wires. All the wires are fastened - to a small orna\-mental switch, H, which is fitted with a connecting plug at the top. The plug can be taken out or put in 
as desired. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The top of the board must be made to open or slide off so that when the battery is exhausted a new one can be installed. Everything must be firmly fixed to the board and the hollow space filled in with wax, which will make the board sound solid when tapped
. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In presenting the trick, the per\-former gives the hand and board with wires and switch for examination, keeping the plug concealed in his right hand. When receiving the board back, the plug is secretly pushed into the switch, which is held in the right han
d. The hand is then placed on the board over the magnet. When the performer wishes the hand to move he pushes the plug in, which turns on the current and causes the magnet to attract the iron in the wrist, and will, therefore, make the hand rap. The switch
 can be made similar to an or\-dinary push button so the rapping may be easily controlled without de\-tection by the audience. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri11\lin0\rin11\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Making Skis and Toboggans [3]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7430\absh-2592\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_10081912.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 During the winter months everyone is thinking of skating, coasting or ski\- running and jumping. Those }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 too{\i  }}{\charscalex108 timid to}{\charscalex87\i  }{\charscalex108 run down a hill standing up\-right on skis must take their pleasure in coasting or skating. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The ordinary ski can be made into a coasting ski-toboggan by joining two pairs together with bars without in\-jury to}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex84\i  }{\charscalex108 their use for running and jump\-ing. The ordinary factory-made skis cost}{\i  }{\charscalex108 from $2.50 per pair up, but any boy can make an excellent pair far 
50 cents. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 In making a pair of skis, select two strips of Norway pine free from knots, 1 in. thick, 4 in. wide and 7 or 8 ft. long. Try to}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex87\i  }{\charscalex108 procure as fine and straight a grain as possible. The pieces are dressed thin at both ends leaving about 1 ft. in the center the
 full thickness of 1 in., and gradually thinning to}{\charscalex87\i  }{\charscalex108 a scant 1/2}{\charscalex86\i  }{\charscalex108 in. at the ends. One end of each piece is tapered to a point beginning 12 in. from the end. A groove is cut on the under side, about 1/4}{\charscalex52  }{\charscalex108 in. wide and }1/8{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. deep, and running almost the full 
length of the ski. This will make it track straight and tends to prevent side slipping. The shape of each piece for a ski, as it appears before bending, is shown in }{\charscalex110 Fig. 1. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The pointed end of each piece is placed in boiling water for at least 1 hour, after which the pieces are ready for bending. The bend is made on an ordinary stepladder. The pointed ends are stuck under the back of one step and the other end securely tied to
 the ladder, as shown in Fig. 2. They should remain tied to the ladder 48 hours in a moderate temperature, after which they will hold their shape permanently. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The two straps, Fig. 3, are nailed an a little forward of the center of gravity so that when the foot}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i\f4  }{\charscalex108 is lifted, the front }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3710\absh-5458\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m61257457.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 \endash  Forming the Skis}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 of the ski will be raised. Tack on a piece of sheepskin or deer hide where the foot rests, Fig. 4. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The best finish for skis is boiled }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20lin{\b \-}{\charscalex108 seed oil. After two or three }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3864\absh-1522\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16353\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_777c6e3f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 4 \endash  The Toe Straps}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 applica}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 tions the under side will take a polish like glass from the contact with the snow. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The ski-toboggan is made by placing two pairs of skis together side by side }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3782\absh-989\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34721\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7a8459d6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 5 \endash  Ski-Toboggan}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and fastening them with two bars across the top. The bars are held with V-shaped metal clips as shown in Fig. 5. --Contributed by Frank Scobie, Sleepy Eye, Minn. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Life Preserver [4]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Procure an inner tube of a bicycle tire, the closed-end kind, and fold it in four alternate sections, as shown in Fig. 1. Cut or tear a piece of cloth into strips about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex77  }{\charscalex107 in. wide, and knot them together. Fasten this long strip of cloth to the folded tub
e and weave it alternately in and out, having each }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3782\absh-3216\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41825\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_21d216a6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 1, Fig. 2 -- Inner Tube and Cover}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 run of the cloth about 4 in. apart, un\-til it is bound as shown in Fig. 1. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make a case of canvas that will snugly fit the folded tube when inflated. The straps that hold the pre\-server to the body may be made of old suspender straps. They are sewed to the case at one end and fastened at the other with clasps such as used on over\-
all straps. The tube can be easily in\-flated by blowing into the valve, at the same time holding the valve stem down with the teeth. The finished preserver is shown in Fig. 2. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Boomerangs [4]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the ice is too thin for skating and the snow is not right for skis, about the only thing to do is to stay in the house. A boomerang club will help to fill in between and also fur\-nishes good exercise for the muscles of the arm. A boomerang can be made
 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4895\absh-2467\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert53217\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m8ff83eb.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bending and Cutting the Wood}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 of a piece of well seasoned hickory plank. The plank is well steamed in a wash boiler or other large kettle and then bent to a nice curve, as shown in Fig. 1. It is held in this curve until dry, with two pieces nailed on the sides as shown. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the piece is thoroughly dried out, remove the side pieces and cut it into sections with a saw, as shown in Fig. 2. The pieces are then dressed round. A piece of plank 12 in. wide and 2 ft. long will make six boom\-erangs. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To throw a boomerang, grasp it and hold the same as a club, with the hol\-low side away from you. Practice first at some object about 25 ft. distant, and in a short time the thrower will be able to hit the mark over 100 ft. away. Any worker in wood can turn
 out a great number of boomerangs cheaply.  --Contributed by J. E. Noble, Toronto, Ontario. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex109\b How to Make an Eskimo Snow House [5]  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20By GEORGE E. WALSH }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Playing in the snow can be raised to a fine art if boys and girls will build their creations with some attempt at architectural skill and not content themselves with mere rough work. Working in snow and ice opens a wide field for an expression of taste and
 invention, but the construction of houses and forts out of this plastic material provides the greatest amount of pleasure to the normally healthy boy or girl. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The snow house of the Eskimo is probably the unhealthiest of buildings made by any sav\-age to live in, but it makes an excel\-lent playhouse in winter, and repre\-sents at the same time a most ingen\-ious employment of the arch sys\-tem in building. The Eskimo
s build their snow houses without the aid of any scaf\-folding or interior false work, and while there is a keystone at the top of the dome, it is not essential to the support of the walls. These are self-support\-ing from the time the first snow blocks are 
put down until the last course is laid. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The snow house is of the beehive shape and the ground plan is that of a circle. The circle is first laid out on the ground and a space cleared for it. Then a row of snow blocks is laid on the ground and another course of similar blocks placed on top. The s
now blocks are not exactly square in shape, but about 12 in. long, 6 in. high and 4 or 5 in. thick. Larger or smaller blocks can be used, according to size of the house and thickness of the walls. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 First, the snow blocks must be packed and pressed firmly into position out of moist snow that will pack. A very light, dry snow will not pack easily, and it may be necessary to use a little water. If the snow is of the right consistency, there will be no t
rouble in packing and working with it. As most of the blocks are to be of the same size throughout, it will pay to make a mold for them by forming a box of old boards nailed together, minus the top, and with a movable bottom, or rather no bottom at all. Pl
ace the four\- sided box on a flat board and ram snow in it, forcing it down closely. Then by lifting the box up and tapping the box from above, the block will drop out. In this way blocks of uniform size are formed, which makes the building simpler and eas
ier. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 While one boy makes the blocks an\-other can shave them off at the edges and two others can build the house, one inside of the circle and the other outside. The Eskimos build their snow houses in this way, and the man inside stays there until he is complete
ly walled in. Then the door and a win\-dow are cut through the wall.}
\par 
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4751\absh-2691\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62913\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_55b5deb2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Laying the Snow Bricks }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4858\absh-1843\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert6657\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4d2f02a5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex115 Three-Room Snow House}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex91  }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Each layer of snow blocks must have a slight slant at the top toward the center so that the walls will con}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 stantly curve inward. This slant at the top is obtained better by slicing off the lower surfaces of each block before putting it in its course. The to
p will then have a uniform inward slant. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The first course of the snow house should be thicker than the others, and the thickness of the walls gradually decreases toward the top. A wall, however, made of 6-in. blocks throughout will hold up a snow house perfectly, if its top is no more than 6 or 7
 ft. above the ground. If a higher house is needed the walls should be thicker at the base and well up toward the middle. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The builder has no mortar for bind\-ing the blocks together, and therefore he must make his joints smooth and even and force in loose snow to fill up the crevices. A little experience will enable one to do this work well, and the construction of the house w
ill proceed rapidly. The Eskimos build additions to their houses by adding various dome-shaped structures to one side, and the young architect can imi\-tate them. Such dome-shaped struc\-tures are shown in one of the illus\-trations. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A fact not well understood and ap\-preciated is that the Eskimo beehive snow house represents true arch build\-ing. It requires no scaffolding in build\-ing and it exerts no outward thrust. In the ordinary keystone arch used by builders, a, temporary structur
e must be erected to hold the walls up until the keystone is fitted in position, and the base must be buttressed against an outward thrust. The Eski\-mo does not have to consider these points. There is no outward thrust, and the top keystone is not necessar
y to hold the structure up. It is doubt\-ful whether such an arch could be built of brick or stone without scaffolding, but with the snow blocks it is a simple matter. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-67\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Secret Door Lock [6]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sketch shows the construction of a lock I have on a door which is quite a mystery to those who do not know how it operates. It also keeps them out. The parts of the lock on the in\-side of the door are shown in Fig. 1. These parts can be covered so that
 no one can see them. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The ordinary latch and catch A are attached to the door in the usual man\-ner. The latch is lifted with a stick of wood B, which is about 1 ft. long and 1 in. wide, and pivoted about two-thirds of the way from the top as shown. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5183\absh-3360\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9569\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6213ae86.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 -- The Lock Parts}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The latch A is connected to the stick B with a strong cord run through a staple to secure a right-an\-gle pull between the pieces. A nail, C, keeps the stick B from falling over to the left. The piece of wood, D, is 6 or 8 in. long and attached to a bolt th
at runs through the door, the opposite end being fastened to the combination dial. Two kinds of dials are shown in Fig. 2. The piece D is fastened on the bolt an inch or two from the surface of the door to permit placing a spiral spring of medium strength 
in between as shown in Fig. 3. The opposite end of the bolt may be screwed into the dial, which can be made of wood, or an old safe dial will do. A nail is driven through the outer end of the piece D and the end cut off so that it will pass over the piece 
B when the dial is turned. When the dial is pulled out slightly and then turned toward the right, the nail will catch on the piece B and open the latch. --Contrib\-uted by Geo. Goodbrod, Union, Ore. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Convenient Hot-Dish Holder [7]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When taking hot dishes from the stove, it is very convenient to have holders handy for use. For this pur\-pose I screwed two screw eyes into the ceiling, one in front of the stove di\-rectly above the place where the holder should hang, and the other back of
 the stove and out of the way. I next ran a strong cord through the two eyes. To one end of the cord I attached a weight made of a clean lump of coal. The cord is just long enough to let the weight hang a few inches above the floor and pass through both sc
rew \-eyes. I fastened a small ring to the other end to keep the cord from slip\-ping back by the pull of the weight. I then fastened two pieces of string to the ring at the end of the cord and attached an iron holder to the end of each string. The strings s
hould be just long enough to keep the holders just over the stove where they are always}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4319\absh-3108\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28897\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_69f0a63a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Holders in a Convenient Place}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ready for use, as the weight always draws them back to place. --\-Contributed by R. S. Merrill, Syracuse, New York. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Magic-Box Escape [7]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The things required to make this trick are a heavy packing box with cover, one pair of special hinges, one or two hasps for as many padlocks and a small buttonhook, says the Sphinx. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The hinges must be the kind for at\-taching inside of the box. If ordinary butts are used, the cover of the box }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3835\absh-2400\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert6049\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_74a85364.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Box with Hinges and Lock}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 must be cut as much short as the thickness of the end board. The hinges should have pins that will slip easily through the parts. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Before entering the box the per\-former conceals the buttonhook on his person, and as soon as the cover is closed and locked, and the box placed in a cabinet or behind a screen, he pushes the pin or bolt of the hinge out far enough to engage the knob end wi
th the buttonhook which is used to pull the pin from the hinge. Both hinges are treated in this manner and the cover pushed up, allowing the per\-former to get out and unlock the pad\-locks with a duplicate key. The bolts are replaced in the hinges, the box 
locked and the performer steps out in view. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex176{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Flour Sifter [7]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When sifting flour in an ordinary sieve I hasten the process and avoid the disagreeable necessity of keeping my hands in the flour by taking the top from a small tin lard can and placing it on top of the flour with its sharp edges down. When the sieve is s
haken, the can top will round up the flour and press it through quickly. -\-Contributed by L. Alberta Norrell, Augusta, Ga. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Funnel [7]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An automobile horn with the bulb and reed detached makes a good funnel. It must be thoroughly cleaned and dried after using as a funnel. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Comer Pieces for a Blotter Pad [8]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To protect the corners of blotting pads such as will be found on almost every writing desk, proceed as follows: }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 First, make a design of a size pro\-portionate to the size of the pad and make a right-angled triangle, as shown in Fig. 1, on drawing paper. Leave a small margin all around the edge and then place some decorative form there\-in. Make allowance for flaps on 
two sides, as shown, which may later be turned back and folded under when the metal is worked. It should be noted that the corners of the design are to be clipped slightly. Also note the slight overrun at the top with the resulting V-shaped indentation. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make a design similar to the one shown, draw one-half of it, then fold along the center line and rub the back of the paper with a knife handle or some other hard, smooth surface, and the other half of the design will be traced on the second side. With t
he metal shears, cut out four pieces of copper or brass of No. 22 gauge and with carbon paper trace the shape and decorative design on the metal. Then cut out the outline and file the edges smooth. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cover the metal over with two coats of black asphaltum varnish, allowing each coat time to dry. Cover the back and all the face except the white back\-ground. Immerse in a solution of 3 parts water, 1 part nitric acid and 1 part sulphuric acid. When the met
al has been etched to the desired depth, about 1-32 of an inch, remove it and clean off the asphaltum with turpen\-tine. Use a stick with a rag tied on the end for this purpose so as to keep the solution off the hands and clothes. The four pieces should be 
worked at the same time, one for each corner. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It remains to bend the flaps. Place the piece in a vise, as shown in Fig. 2, and bend the flap sharply to a right angle. Next place a piece of metal of a thickness equal to that }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 of the blotter pad at the bend and with the mallet bring the flap down parallel to the face of the corner piece, Fig. 3. If the measuring has been done properly, the flaps}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3169\absh-2702\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_496ed8ad.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Manner of Forming the Plates}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ought to meet snugly at the corner. If they do not, it may be necessary to bend them back and either remove some metal with the shears or to work the metal over farther. All the edges should be left smooth, a metal file and emery paper being used for this 
purpose. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a touch of color is desired, it may be had by filling the etched parts with enamel tinted by the addition of oil colors, such as are used for enameling bathtubs. After this has dried, smooth it off with pumice stone and water. To keep the metal from tar
nishing, cover it with banana-oil lacquer. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Boring Holes in Cork [8]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The following hints will be found useful when boring holes in cork. In boring through rubber corks, a little household ammonia applied to the bit enables one to make a much smoother hole and one that is nearly the same size at both openings. The common cor
k, if rolled under the shoe sole, can be punctured easily and a hole can be bored straighter. The boring is made easier by boiling the cork, and this operation insures a hole that will he the desired size and remain the size of the punch or bit used. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Self-Lighting Arc Searchlight [9]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A practical and easily constructed self-lighting arc searchlight can be made in the following manner: Pro\-cure a large can, about 6 in. in diam\-eter, and cut three holes in its side about 2 in. from the back end, and in the positions shown in the sketch. T
wo of the holes are cut large enough to hold a short section of a garden hose tightly, as shown at AA. A piece of porcelain tube, B, used for insulation, is fitted tightly in the third hole. The hose insulation A should hold the car\-bon F rigidly, while th
e carbon E should rest loosely in its insulation. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The inner end of the carbon E is supported by a piece of No. 25 Ger\-man-silver wire, C, which is about 6 in. long. This wire runs through the }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4319\absh-2812\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9409\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_722bf41c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Arc in a Large Can}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 porcelain tube to the binding post D. The binding post is fastened to a wood plug in the end of the tube. The tube B is adjusted so that the end of the car\-bon E is pressing against the carbon F. The electric wires are connected to the carbon F and the bin
ding post D. A resistance, R, should be in the line. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The current, in passing through the lamp, heats the strip of German-silver wire, causing it to expand. This ex\-pansion lowers the end of the carbon E, separating the points of the two carbons and thus providing a space be\-tween them for the formation of an
 arc. When the current is turned off, the German-silver wire contracts and draws the two carbon ends together ready for lighting again. The feed can be adjusted by sliding the carbon F through its insulation. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A resistance for the arc may be made by running the current through a water rheostat or through 15 ft. of No. 25 gauge German-silver wire.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --Contrib\-uted by R. H. Galbreath, Denver, Colo. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Traveler's Shaving Mug [9]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take an ordinary collapsible drink\-ing cup and place a cake of shaving soap in the bottom ring. This will pro\-vide a shaving mug always ready for the traveler and one that will occupy very little space in the grip. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Snowshoes [9]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure four light barrel staves and sandpaper the outside smooth. Take two old shoes that are extra large and cut off the tops and heels so as to leave only the toe covering fastened to the sole. Purchase two long book straps, cut them in two in the middle
 and fasten the ends on the toe covering, as shown in Fig. 1. The straps are used to attach the snowshoe to the regular shoe. When buckling up the straps be sure to leave them loose enough for the foot to work freely, Fig. 2. Fasten the barrel staves in pa
irs, leaving a space of 4 in. between them as shown in Fig. 3, with thin strips of wood. Nail the old }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3778\absh-3048\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9473\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2cb5599.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Made from Barrel Staves}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 shoe soles to crosspieces placed one\--third of the way from one end as shown.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --Contributed by David Brown, Kansas City, Mo. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Fish Signal for Fishing through Ice [10]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Watching a fish line set in a hole cut in the ice on a cold day is very disagreeable, and the usual method is to}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5039\absh-3625\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9633\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1b3216b1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bell and Battery in a Box}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 have some kind of a device to signal the fisherman when a fish is hooked. The "tip ups" and the "jumping jacks" serve their purpose nicely, but a more elaborate device is the electric signal. A complete electric outfit can be in\-stalled in a box and carrie
d as con\-veniently as tackle. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An ordinary electric bell, A, Fig. 1, having a gong 2-1/2 in. in diameter, and a pocket battery, B are mounted on the bottom of the box. The electric con\-nection to the bell is plainly shown. Two strips of brass, C, are mounted on the outside of the box. T
he brass strips are shaped in such a way as to form a circuit when the ends are pulled together. The box is opened and set on the ice near the fishing hole. The fish line is hung over a round stick placed across the hole and then tied to the inside strip o
f brass. When the fish is hooked the line will pull the brass points into contact and close the electric circuit. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Floor Polisher [10]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A floor polisher is something that one does not use but two or three times a year. Manufactured polishers come in two sizes, one weighing 15 lb., which is the right weight for family use, and one weighing 25 lb. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A polisher can be made at home that will do the work just as well. Procure a wooden box such as cocoa tins or starch packages are shipped in and stretch several thicknesses of flannel or carpet over the bottom, allowing the edges to extend well up the side
s, and tack smoothly. Make a handle of two stout strips of wood, 36 in. long, by joining their upper ends to a shorter crosspiece and nail it to the box. Place three paving bricks inside of the box, and the polisher will weigh about 16 lb., just the right 
weight for a woman to use. The polisher is used by rub\-bing with the grain of the wood.  --Con\-tributed by Katharine D. Morse, Syr\-acuse, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Tying Paper Bag to Make a Carrying Handle [10]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In tying the ordinary paper bag, the string can be placed in the paper in such a way that it will form a handle to carry the package, and also prevent any leakage of the contents. The bag must be long enough for the end to fold over as shown in Fig. 1. The
 folds are made over the string, as in }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3691\absh-4114\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64481\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m45ddef12.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stages in Tying a Bag}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 2. The string is then tied, Fig. 3, to form a handle, Fig. 4.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  --Contributed by James M. Kane, Doylestown, Pa. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Equilibrator for Model Aeroplanes [11] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 On one of my model aeroplanes I placed an equilibrator to keep it bal\-anced. The device was attached to a crosspiece fastened just below the propeller between the main frame uprights. A stick was made to swing on a bolt in the center of the cross\-piece to 
which was attached a weight at the lower end and two lines connecting the ends of the planes at the upper end. These are shown in Fig. 1. When the aeroplane tips, as }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7728\absh-2002\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m32ecb674.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Warping the Aeroplane Wings}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 shown in Fig. 2, the weight draws the lines to warp the plane so it will right itself automatically. --Contributed by Louis J. Day, Floral Park, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Repairing Christmas-Tree Decorations [11]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab  }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Small glass ornaments for Christmas tree decorations are very easily broken on the line shown in the sketch. These can be easily repaired by inserting in the neck a piece of match, toothpick or splinter of wood and tying the hanging string to it. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2002\absh-1579\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_465e9239.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Scroll Saw [11]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A scroll saw, if once used, becomes indispensable in any home carpenter chest, yet it is safe to say that not one in ten contains it. A scroll saw is much more useful than a keyhole saw for sawing small and irregular holes, and many fancy knick-knacks, suc
h as brackets, bookracks and shelves can be made with one. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A simple yet serviceable scroll saw frame can be made from a piece of cold-rolled steel rod, 3/32 or 1/4 in. in diameter, two 1/8 -in. machine screws, four washers and four square nuts. The rod should be 36 or 38 in. long, bent as shown in Fig. 1. Place on
e washer on each screw and put the screws through the eyelets, AA, then place other washers on and fasten in place by screwing one nut on each screw, clamping the washers against the frame as tightly as possible. The saw, which can be purchased at a local 
hardware store, is fastened between the clamping nut and another nut as shown in Fig. 2.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3720\absh-2990\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32737\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_64f1b6c5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Frame Made of a Rod}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 If two wing nuts having the same number and size of threads are avail\-able, use them in place of the outside nuts. They are easier to turn when }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex110 inserting a saw blade in a hole or when removing broken blades.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  --Con\-tributed by W. A. Scranton, Detroit, Michigan. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Watch Fob [12] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The fixtures for the watch fob shown --half size-- may be made of either brass, copper, or silver. Silver is the most desirable but, of course, the most expensive. The buckle is to be pur\-chased. The con\-nection is to be of leather of a color to harmonize 
with that of the fixtures. The body of the fob may be of leather of suitable color or of silk. Of the leathers, green and browns are the most popular, though almost any color may be ob\-tained. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make full size drawings of the outline and design of the fixtures. With carbon paper trace these on the metal. Pierce the metal of the parts that are to be removed with a small hand drill to make a place for the leather or silk. With a small metal saw cut 
out these parts and smooth up the edges, rounding them slightly so they will not cut the leather or silk. Next cut out the outlines with the metal shears. File these edges, round\-ing and smoothing with emery paper. The best way of handling the decora\-tive 
design is to etch it and, if copper or brass, treat it with color. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 For etching, first cover the metal with black asphaltum varnish, on the back and all the parts that are not to be touched with the acid. In the design shown, the unshaded parts should not be etched and should, therefore, be covered the same as the back. Ap
ply two}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex142\i\f4  }{\charscalex110 coats, allowing each time to dry, after which immerse the metal in a solution prepared as follows: 3 parts water, 1 part nitric acid, 1 part sul\-phuric acid. Allow the metal to re\-main in this until the acid has eaten to a depth of 1/32}{\charscalex131\f4  }{\charscalex110 in., then r
emove it and clean in a turpentine bath, using a swab and an old stiff brush. The amount of time required to do the etch\-ing will depend upon the strength of the liquid, as well as the depth of etch\-ing desired. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1431\absh-3961\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9345\flyanchor1\flycntnt}
\par\pard
}{}{\lang1024}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Watch Fob}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For coloring silver, as well as brass and copper, cover the metal with a so\-lution of the following: 1/2 pt. of water in which dissolve, after breaking up, five cents worth of sulphureted potas\-sium. Put a teaspoonful of this into a tin with 2 qt. of water
. Polish a piece of scrap metal and dip it in the solu\-tion. If it colors the metal red, it has the correct strength. Drying will cause this to change to purple. Rub off the highlights, leaving them the natural color of the metal and apply a coat of banana
-oil lacquer. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Austrian Top [12] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 All parts of the top are of wood and they are simple to make. The handle is a piece of pine, 5-1/4 in. long, 1-1/4 in. wide and }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs203/4 {\charscalex110 in. thick. A handle, }3/4 {\charscalex110 in. in diameter, is formed on one end, al\-lowing only 1-1/4 in. of the other end to remain rectangu
lar in shape. Bore a 3/4-in. hole in this end for the top. A 1/16-in. hole is bored in the edge to enter the large hole as shown. The top can be cut from a broom handle or a round stick of hardwood. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3590\absh-1709\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59201\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m66656f62.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Parts of the Top}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 To spin the top, take a piece of stout cord about 2 ft. long, pass one end through the 1/16-in. hole and wind it on the small part of the top in the usual way, starting at the bottom and }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 winding upward. When the shank is covered, set the top in the 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex106 -in
. hole. Take hold of the handle with the left hand and the end of the cord with the right hand, give a good quick pull on the cord and the top will jump clear of the handle and spin vigorously.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  --Con\-tributed by J.F. Tholl, Ypsilanti, Michigan. }
\par \page
\pard\plain \absw1972\absh3129\dfrmtxtx181\pvmrg\posy540\phmrg\posx144{\*\flyopaque\flymaincnt196\flyvert37344\flyhorz10496\flyanchor2\flypage23}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m10839f30.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Pockets for Spools of Thread [13] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A detachable pocket for holding thread when sewing is shown here\-with. The dimensions may be varied to ad\-mit any number or size of spools. Each pocket is made to take a cer\-tain size spool, the end of the thread being run through the cloth front for obtai
ning the length for threading a needle. This will keep the thread from becoming tangled and enable it al\-ways to be readily drawn out to the re\-quired length. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --Contributed by Miss L. Alberta Norrell, Augusta, Ga. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1843\absh-2323\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9697\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7759dd60.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pockets for Thread}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cleaning Leather on Furniture [13] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Beat up the whites of three eggs carefully and use a piece of flannel to rub it well into the leather which will become clean and lustrous. For black leathers, some lampblack may be added and the mixture applied in the same way. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Baking Pan [13]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 When making cookies, tarts or simi\-lar pastry, the housewife often wishes for something by which to lift the baked articles from the pan. The bak\-ing tray or pan shown in the sketch not only protects the hands from burns but allows the baked articles easil
y to}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex159  }{\charscalex106 slip from its surface. The pan is made from a piece of sheet iron slightly larger than the baking space desired. Each end of the metal is cut so that a part may be turned up and into a roll to make handles for the pan. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3101\absh-1253\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62817\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_535301d7.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex126{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Baking Pan without Sides }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A wire or small rod is placed be\-tween the handles as shown. This wire is fastened at each end and a loop made in the center. The pan can be re\-moved from the oven by placing a stick through the loop and lifting it out without placing the hands inside the 
hot oven. The baking surface, having no sides, permits the baked articles to be slid off at each side with a knife or fork. --A. A. Houghton, Northville, Mich.}
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Broom Holder [13] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1024\ab\loch\fs20\lang1024\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Broom Holder}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 A very simple and effective device for holding a broom when it is not in use is shown in the sketch. It is ma}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20d{\charscalex106 e of heavy wire and fastened to the wall with two screw eyes, the eyes forming bearings for the wire. The small turn on the end of the straight pa
rt is to hold the hook out far enough from the wall to}{\charscalex160  }{\charscalex106 make it easy to place the broom in the hook. The weight of the broom keeps it in position.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  --Contributed by Irl Hicks, Centralia, Mo. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Stringing Wires [13]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain {\listtext\pard\plain \li360\ri0\lin360\rin0\fi-360\fs20\f0\fs20\langfe1033\f0\fs20\sl-1\slmult0 A.}\ilvl0 \ltrpar\s16\sl-1\slmult0{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ls0\li360\ri0\lin360\rin0\fi-360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A string for drawing electric wires into bent fixtures can be easily in\-serted by rolling it into a small ball and blowing it through while holding one end. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Darkroom Lantern [14]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Procure an ordinary 2-qt. glass fruit jar, break out the porcelain lining in the cover and cut a hole through the metal, just large enough to fit over the socket of an incan\-descent electric globe, then solder cover and socket together, says Studio Light. 
Line the inside of the jar with two thicknesses of good orange post\- office paper. The best lamp for the purpose is an 8-candlepower show\-case lamp, the same as shown in the illustration. Screw the lamp into the socket and screw the cover onto the jar, and
 you have a safe light of excellent illuminating power. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When you desire to work by white light, two turns will remove the jar. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1464\absh-3216\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41825\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5a892146.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Darkroom Lantern}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If developing papers are being worked, obtain a second jar and line with light orange paper, screw into the cover fastened to the lamp and you have a safe and pleasant light for loading and development. By attach\-ing sufficient cord to the lamp, it can be 
moved to any part of the dark\-room, and you have three lamps at a trifling cost. }
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Preventing Vegetables from Burning in a Pot [14]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many housekeepers do not know that there is a simple way to prevent potatoes from burning and sticking to the bottom of the pot. An inverted pie pan placed in the bottom of the pot avoids scorching potatoes. The water and empty space beneath the pan saves 
the potatoes. This also makes the work of cleaning pots easier as no ad\-hering parts of potatoes are left to be scoured out. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Clothes Rack [14] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A clothes-drying rack that has many good features can be made as shown in the illustration. When the rack is }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5906\absh-3568\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9345\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7752051b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Folding Clothes Rack}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 closed it will fit into a very small space and one or more wings can be used at a time as the occasion or space per\-mits, and not tip over. The rack can be made of any hard wood and the ma\-terial list is as follows: }
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 Center post. 1-1/4 in. square by 62 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4 Braces. 1-1/4 in. square by 12 in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 16 Horizontal bars. 1 by 1-1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex60  }{\charscalex107 by 24 in. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4 Vertical pieces.  1/4 by 1 by 65 in. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Attach the four braces for the feet with finishing nails after applying a good coat of glue. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The horizontal bars are fastened to the vertical pieces with rivets using washers on both sides. The holes are bored a lit\-tle large so as to make a slightly loose joint. The other ends of the bars are fast\-ened to the center post with round head screws. T
hey are fastened, as shown in the cross-section sketch, so it can be folded up. --Contributed by Herman Fosel, Janesville, Wis. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b{}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Shower Bath [15]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7411\absh-5242\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15489\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m38e49fd3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Shower Bath That Costs Less Than One Dollar to Make }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 While in the country during vaca\-tion time, I missed my daily bath and devised a shower bath that gave com\-plete satisfaction. The back porch was enclosed with sheeting for the room, and the apparatus consisted of a galvanized-iron pail with a short nipple
 soldered in the center of the bottom and fitted with a valve and sprinkler. The whole, after filling the pail with water, was raised above one's head with a rope run over a pulley fastened to the roof of the porch, and a tub was used on the floor to catch
 the water. A knot should be tied in the rope at the right place, to keep it from running out of the pulley while the pail is lowered to be filled with water, and a loop made in the end, which is placed over a screw hook turned into the wall. If the loop i
s tied at the proper place, the pail will be raised to the right height for the per\-son taking the shower bath.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The water will run from 10 to 15 minutes. The addition of some hot water will make a splendid shower bath. --Contributed by Dr. C. H. Rosen\-thal, Cincinnati, O. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Small Sprocket Wheels [15] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 As I needed several small sprocket wheels and had none on hand, I made them quickly without other expense than the time required, from scrap material. Several old hubs with the proper size bore were secured. These were put on an arbor and turned to the siz
e of the bottom of the teeth. Hole were drilled and tapped to correspond to the number of teeth required and old stud bolts turned into them. The wheels were again placed on the arbor and the studs turned to the required size. After rounding the ends of th
e studs, the sprockets were ready for use and gave perfect satisfaction. --Contributed by Charles Stem, Phillipsburg, New York. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-2332\lin0\rin-2332\fi0\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Pot-Cover Closet [16]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sides of the cover closet are cut as shown in Fig. 1 and shelves are nailed between them at a slight angle.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi180\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 No dimensions are given as the space and the sizes of the covers are not always the same. The back is covered with thin boards placed vertically. The front can be covered with a curtain or a paneled door as shown.\- --Contributed by Gilbert A. Wehr, Baltimo
re, Md. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw845\absh-2880\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m39987227.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}{\fs20         {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1920\absh-2707\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29281\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_402fada6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab FIG. 1         \tab FIG. 2 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Closet for Holding Pot Covers }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Aid in Mixing Salad Dressing [16]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Some cooks find it a very difficult matter to prepare salad dressing, prin\-cipally mayonnaise dressing, as the con\-stant stirring and pouring of oil and liquids are required in the operation. The simple homemade device shown in the accompanying sketch grea
tly assists}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex164{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-2059\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert44001\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m556b477a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bottle in Stand }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 in this work. It consists of a stand to hold a bottle, the mouth of which rests against a. small gate directly in the rear of the attached tin trough. The weight of the bottle and the contents against the gate serves as a check or stopper. If the gate is r
aised slightly, it will permit a con\-tinuous flow of liquid of the desired amount. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Saving Overexposed Developing Prints [16]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In using developing papers, either for contact printing or enlargements, you are, by all rules of the game, entitled to a certain number of overexposed prints, says a correspondent of Camera Craft. But there is no reason why you should lose either the pape
r or the time and trouble expended in making these prints. By using the following method, you can turn these very dark prints into good ones. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 First: these overexposed prints must be fully developed. Do not try to save them by rushing them out of the de\-veloper into the short-stop or fixing bath. The results will be poor, and, if you try to tone them afterward, the color will be an undesirable, s
ickly one. Develop them into strong prints, thor\-oughly fix, and wash until you are sure all hypo is removed. In my own prac\-tice, I carry out this part of the work thoroughly, then dry the prints and lay aside these dark ones until there is an accumulatio
n of a dozen or more, doing this to avoid too frequent use of the very poisonous bleaching solution. The bleacher is made up as follows and should be plainly marked "Poison." }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cyanide of potassium .............. 2 oz.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Iodide of potassium ............... 20 gr. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Water ..................................... 16 oz. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Place the dry print, without previous wetting, in this solution. It will bleach slowly and evenly, but, when it starts to bleach, transfer it to a tray of water, where it will continue to bleach. When the desired reduction has taken place, stop the action 
at once by im\-mersing the print in a 10-per-cent so\-lution of borax. The prints may be al\-lowed to remain in this last solution until they are finished. A good final washing completes the process. This washing must be thorough and a }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 sponge or a tuft of cot
ton used to clean the surface of the print. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With a little practice, this method of saving prints that are too dark becomes easy and certain. The prints are lightened and at the same time im\-proved in tone, being made blue-black with a delicate and pleasing quality that will tempt you to purposely ov
erexpose some of your prints in order to tone them by this method for certain effects. The process is particularly valuable to the worker in large sizes, as it provides a means of making quite a saving of paper that would otherwise be thrown away. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Ironing-Board Stand [17]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An ordinary ironing board is cut square on the large end and a slot cut 1-1/2 in. wide and 4 in. long to admit the angle support. The support is placed against the table and the board }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3749\absh-1243\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert6561\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_341a7f73.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stand Attached to Table }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 is pressed down against the outer notch which jams against the table, thus holding the board rigid and in such a position as to give free access for iron\-ing dresses, etc.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi180\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --Contributed by T. L. Gray, San Francisco, Cal. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Desk Blotting Pad [17]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Procure four sheets of blotting pa\-per, preferably the colored kind, as it will appear clean much longer than the white. The size of the pad de\-pends on the size of the blotting pa\-per. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fold four pieces of ordinary wrap\-ping paper, 5 by 15 in. in size, three times, to make it 5 by 5 in. Fold each one from corner to corner as shown in Fig. 1 and again as in Fig. 2. Paste the last fold together and the corner holders are complete. Put one o
n each corner of the blotting paper. They can be fastened with a small brass paper fastener put through the top of the holder. The blotting paper can }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3806\absh-3216\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41825\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5df5b533.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Fig 3 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex121 Paper Corners for Blotter Pads }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 be easily changed by removing the holders and fasteners. Corners com\-plete are shown in Fig. 3. --Contrib\-uted by }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex91 J. }{\charscalex108 Wilson Aldred Toronto, Canada. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Sleeve Holders for Lavatories [17]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very handy article is an attach\-ment on wash basins or lavatories for holding the sleeves back while washing the hands. It is very annoying to have the sleeves continually slip down and become wet or soiled. The simple de\-vice shown herewith can be made 
with bent wires or hooks and attached in such a way that it can be dropped out }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3835\absh-1330\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57601\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_793af342.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wires Attached to a Lavatory }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 of the way when not in use. --Con\-tributed by L.J. Monahan, Oshkosh, Wisconsin.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing Tarnish [17]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A pencil eraser will remove the tar\-nish from nickel plate, and the ink eraser will remove the rust from drawing instruments.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Brass Bookmark [18]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a piece of brass of No. 20 gauge, having a width of 2-1/4 in. and a length of 5 in. Make a design similar to that shown, the head of which is 2 in. wide, the shaft 1 in. wide below the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3614\absh-3667\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6eb5a021.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex123 FIG. 1 \tab \tab \tab Fig. 2 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex123{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Pattern and the Finished Bookmark }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 head and the extreme length 4-1/2 in. Make one-half of the design, as shown in Fig. 1, freehand, then trace the other half in the usual way, after folding along the center line. Trace the design on the metal, using carbon paper, which gives the outline of 
the design Fig. 2. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With the metal shears, cut out the outline as indicated by the draw\-ing. With files, smooth off any roughness }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3605\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4e9ee49a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Drilling and Sawing the Metal}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and form the edge so that it shall be nicely rounded. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The parts of the design in heavy color may be treated in several ways. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very satisfactory treatment is ob\-tained by etching, then coloring. Clean the metal thoroughly with pumice stone and water or with alcohol before the design is applied. Cover all the metal that is not to be lowered with a thick coating of asphaltum. Allo
w this to dry, then put on a second coat. After this has dried, thoroughly immerse the metal in a solution composed as fol\-lows: 3 parts water, 1 part sulphuric acid, 1 part nitric acid. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Allow the metal to remain in this solution until the exposed part has been eaten about 1/32}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90\i  }{\charscalex108 in. deep, then remove it and clean off the asphaltum, using turpentine. Do not put the hands in the solution, but use a swab on a stick. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For coloring olive green, use 2 parts water to 1 part permuriate of iron. Apply with a small brush. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The lines at A and B will need to be cut, using a small metal saw. Pierce a hole with a small drill, Fig. 3, large enough to receive the saw and cut along the lines as in Fig. 4. A piece of wood with a V-shaped notch which is fastened firmly to the bench f
orms the best place in which to do such sawing. The teeth of the saw should be so placed that the sawing will be done on the downward stroke. The metal must be held firmly, and the saw allowed time to make its cut, being held per\-pendicular to the work. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the sawing, smooth the edges of the metal with a small file and emery paper. The metal clip may be bent outward to do this part of the work. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cheesebox-Cover Tea Tray [18]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cover from a cheesebox can be converted into a tea tray that is very dainty for the piazza, or for serving an invalid's breakfast. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 First sandpaper the wood until it is smooth, then stain it a mahogany color. The mahogany stain can be obtained ready prepared. After the stain has dried, attach brass handles, which can be obtained for a small sum at an up\-holsterer's shop. A round embroi
d\-ered doily in the bottom adds to the appearance of the tray. --Contributed by Katharine D. Morse, Syracuse, New York. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Piercing-Punch for Brass [19]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Drill a 1/2-in. hole through a block of pine or other soft wood }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs202 {\charscalex108 in. thick. Tack over one end of the hole a piece of pasteboard in which seven coarse sewing-machine needles have been in\-serted. The needles should be close together and pushed through the p
asteboard until the points show. The hole is then filled with melted babbitt metal. When this is cold, the block is split and the pasteboard removed. This tool makes neat pierced work and in making brass shades, it does the work rapidly. --Contributed by H
. Carl Cramer, East Hartford, Conn. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Kitchen Chopping Board [19]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cooks can slice, chop or mince veg\-etables and various other food rapidly by placing the little device, as shown, on a chopping board. Ii is an ordinary staple, driven in just far enough to allow a space for the end of an ordi\-nary pointed kitchen knife to
 fit in it. The staple is driven in the edge of the chopping board. The knife can be raised and lowered with one hand, as }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-1306\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49761\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_ccdcabb.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Knife Attached to the Board }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the material is passed under the blade with the other. Great pressure can be applied and the knife will not slip. --Contributed by M. M. Burnett, Rich\-mond, Cal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Carrying Mattresses [19]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sew straps to the sides of mattresses and they can be handled much easier. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Carpenter's Gauge [19]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The home workshop can be supplied with a carpenter's gauge without any expense' by the use of a large spool and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3158\absh-576\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64705\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7b87c91.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Round Stick In a Spool }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 a round stick of wood. The stick should be dressed to fit the hole in the spool snugly and a small brad driven through one end so that the point will protrude about 1/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex58  }{\charscalex108 in.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The adjustment of the gauge is se\-cured by driving the stick in the hole in the direction desired. A better way and one that will make the adjusting easy is to file the point end of a screw\- eye flat and use it as a set screw through a hole in the side of 
the spool. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Flatiron Rest [19]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The iron rest and wall hanger shown in the sketch is made of sheet iron. The upturned edges of the metal are }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3667\absh-1171\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert65121\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_61acf666.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Board or Wall Iron Rest }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 bent to fit the sloping sides of the iron. The holder and iron can be moved at the same time. --Contributed by W. A. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex84\b J}{\charscalex108 aquythe, Richmond, Cal. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Use for Paper Bags [19]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When groceries are delivered, save the paper bags and use them for star\-ing bread and cakes. Tie the neck of the bag with a string and it will keep the contents fresh and clean. --Contrib\-uted by Mrs. L. H. Atwell, Kissimmee, Florida. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Use Chalk on Files [19]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a little chalk is rubbed on a file be\-fore filing steel, it will keep the chips from sticking in the cuts on the file and scratching the work. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex105\b A Homemade Steam Turbine [20] }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20By WILLIAM H{\charscalex121\f4 . }WARNECKE }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi177\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Procure some brass, about 3/16 in. thick and 4 in. square; 53 steel pens, not over 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. in width at the shank; two enameled, or tin, saucers or pans, hav\-ing a diameter on the inside part of about 4-1/2}{\charscalex70  }{\charscalex108 in.; two stopcocks with 1/8 in. holes; one shaft; 
some pieces of }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi177\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7728\absh-2059\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert44001\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_mc27f043.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 brass, 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex55\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, and several 1/8-in. machine screws. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Lay out two circles on the 3/16-in. brass, one having a diameter of 3-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex108 in. and the other with a diameter of 2-3/4 in. The outside circle is the size of the finished brass wheel, while the in\-side circle indicates the depth to which the slots are to be c
ut. Mark the point where a hole is to be drilled for the shaft, also locate the drill holes, as shown at A, Fig. }{\charscalex116 1. }{\charscalex108 After the shaft hole and the holes A are drilled in the disk, it can be used as template for drilling the side plates C. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The rim of the disk is divided into 53 equal parts and radial lines drawn from rim to line B, indicating the depth of the slots. Slots are cut in the disk with a hacksaw on the radial lines. A small vise is convenient for holding the disk while cutting the
 slots. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When cutting the disk out of the rough brass, sufficient margin should be left for filing to the true line. The slots should be left in their rough state as they have a better hold on the pens which are used for the blades. The pens are inserted in the slo
ts and made quite secure by forcing ordinary pins on the inside of the pens and breaking them off at the rim, as shown in Fig. 4. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 When the pens are all fastened two pieces of metal are provided, each about 1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex154\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. in diameter and 1/32}{\charscalex88  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, with a 3/8-in. hole in the center, for filling pieces which are first placed around the shaft hole between the disk and side plates C, Fig. }{\charscalex116 1.
 }{\charscalex108 The side plates are then secured with some of the 1/8-in. machine screws, using two }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 nuts on each screw. The nuts should be on the side opposite the inlet valves. The shaft hole may also be filed square, a square shaft used, and the ends filed round for the bearings. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The casing for the disk is made of two enameled-iron saucers, Fig. 2, bolted together with a thin piece of asbestos between them to make a tight joint. A 3/4-in. hole is cut near the edge of one of the saucers for the ex\-haust. If it is desired to carry th
e ex\-haust beyond the casing, a thin pipe can be inserted 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex55\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. into the hole. Holes are drilled through the pipe on both inside and outside of the casing, and pins inserted, as shown in Fig. 5. Solder is run around the outside pin to keep the steam from
 escaping. At the lowest point of the saucer or cas\-ing a 1/8-in. hole is drilled to run off the water. A wood plug will answer for a stopcock. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If metal dishes, shaped from thick material with a good coating of tin, can be procured, it will be much easier to construct the casing than if enam\-eled ware is used. The holes can be easily drilled and the parts fitted to\-gether closely. All seams and su
r\-faces around fittings can be soldered. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Nozzles are made of two stopcocks having a 1/8-in. hole. These are con\-nected to a 3/8-in. supply pipe. The nozzles should be set at an angle of 20 deg. with the face of the disk. The nozzle or stopcock will give better re\-sults if the discharge end is fil
ed par\-allel to the face of the disk when at an angle of 20 deg. There should be a space of 1/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115\i\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. between the nozzle and the blades to allow for sufficient play, Fig. 3. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bearings are made of 1/4-in. brass and bolted to the casing, as shown, with 1/8-in. machine screws and nuts. Two nuts should be placed on each screw. The pulley is made by sliding a piece of steel pipe on the engine shaft and fastening it with machine 
screws and nuts as shown in Fig. 6. If the shaft is square, lead should be run into the segments. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The driven shaft should have a long bearing. The pulley on this shaft is made of pieces of wood nailed to\-gether, and its circumference cut out with a scroll saw. Flanges are screwed to the pulley and fastened to the shaft as shown in Fig. 7. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bearings are made of oak blocks lined with heavy tin or sheet iron for the running surface. Motion is trans\-mitted from the engine to the large pulley by a thin but very good leather belt. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Telegraph Key [21]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A simple and easily constructed telegraph key may be made in the fol\-lowing manner: Procure a piece of sheet brass, about 1/32}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex66\i  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, and cut out a strip 3-1/2}{\i  }{\charscalex108 in. long by 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. wide. Bend as shown in Fig. 1 and drill a hole for the knob in one end a
nd a hole for a screw in the other. Procure a small wood knob and fasten it in place with a small screw. Cut a strip of the same brass 2-3/4 in. long and 5/16 in. wide and bend as shown in Fig. 2. Drill two holes in the feet for screws to fasten it to the 
base, and one hole in the top part for a machine screw, and solder a small nut on the under side of the metal over the hole. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Mount both pieces on a base 4-1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex75  }{\charscalex108 by 2-3/4 by 1/4 in., as in Fig. 3, and where }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3677\absh-878\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15457\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m79fd88b4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3533\absh-1094\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15489\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m54093c4b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Brass Key on a Wood Base }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the screw of the knob strikes the base when pressed down, put in a screw or brass-headed tack for a contact. Fasten the parts down with small brass wood-screws and solder the con\-nections beneath the base. Binding\- posts from an old battery cell are used o
n the end of the base. The screw on top of the arch is used to adjust the key for a long or short stroke. --Con\-tributed by S. V. Cooke, Hamilton, Canada. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Keeping Food Cool in Camps [21]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Camps and suburban homes located where ice is hard to get can be pro\-vided with a cooling arrangement here\-in described that will make a good substitute for the icebox. A barrel is sunk in the ground in a shady place, allowing plenty of space about the out
\-side to fill in with gravel. A quantity of small stones and sand is first put in wet. A box is placed in the hole over the top of the barrel and filled in with clay or earth well tamped. The porous condition of the gravel drains the sur\-plus water after a
 rain. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The end of the barrel is fitted with a light cover and a heavy door hinged to the box. A small portion of damp sand is sprinkled on the bottom of the barrel. The covers should be left open occa\-sionally to prevent mold and to remove any bad air that may ha
ve collected from the contents. --Contributed by F. Smith, La Salle, Ill. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Work Basket [22]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Secure a cheese box about 12 in. high and 15 in. or more in diameter. It will pay you to be careful in selecting this box. Be sure to have the cover. Score the wood deeply with a carpenter's gauge inside and out 3-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92\i  }{\charscalex108 in. from the top of the box. With repe
ated scoring the wood will be almost cut through or in shape to finish the cut with a knife. Now you will have the box in two pieces. The lower part, 8-1/2}{\charscalex80\i  }{\charscalex108 in. deep over all, we will call the basket, and the smaller part will be known as the tray. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove the band from the cover and cut the boards to fit in the tray flush with the lower edge, to make the bottom. Fasten with 3/4-in brads. The kind of wood used in making these boxes cracks easily and leaves a rough surface which should be well sandpape
red. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The four legs are each 3/4-in. square and }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex114 30-1/2 }{\charscalex108 in. long. The tops should be beveled to keep them from splintering at the edges. With a string or tape measure, find the circumference of the tray or basket and divide this into four equal parts, ar\-ranging 
the lap seam on both to come midway between two of the marks. When assembling, make these seams come between the two back legs. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The tray is placed 1-1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. from the top end and the basket 6-3/4 in. from the bottom end of the legs. Notch the legs at the lower point about 1/8}{\charscalex65  }{\charscalex108 in. deep and 1-1/4 in. wide to receive the band at the lower end of the basket. Fasten with 3/4-in. screws, 
using four to each leg, three of which are in the basket. In\-sert the screws from the inside of the box into the legs. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stain the wood before putting in the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2059\absh-3245\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16897\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m62d0e5cd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 lining. If all the parts are well sand\-papered, the wood will take the stain nicely: Three yards of cretonne will make a very attractive lining. Cut two sheets of cardboard to fit in the bottom of the tray and basket. Cover them with the cretonne, sewing o
n the back side. Cut four strips for the sides from the width of the goods 5-1/2 in. wide and four strips 10 in. wide. Sew them end to end and turn down one edge to a depth of 1 in. and gather it at that point, --also the lower edge when nec\-essary. Sew on
 to the covered card\-boards. Fasten them to the sides of the tray and basket with the smallest upholsterers' tacks. The product of your labor will be a very neat and use\-ful piece of furniture. --Contributed by Stanley H. Packard, Boston, Mass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Window Display [22] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A novel and attractive aeroplane window display can be easily made in the following manner: Each aero\-plane is cut from folded paper, as shown in the sketch, and the wings bent out on the dotted lines. The folded part in the center is pasted together. Each
 aeroplane is fastened with a small thread from the point A as shown. A figure of an airman can be pasted to each aeroplane. One or more of the aeroplanes can be fastened in the blast of an electric fan and kept in flight the same as a kite. The fan can be
 concealed to make the dis\-play more real. When making the display, have the background of such }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4609\absh-2195\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert31681\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_135729b5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paper Aeroplanes in Draft }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 a color as to conceal the small threads holding the aeroplanes. --Contributed by Frederick Hennighausen, Balti\-more, Md. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Flint Arrowhead [23] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If you live where flints abound, pos\-sess the requisite patience and the knack of making things, you can, with the crudest of tools and a little prac\-tice, chip out as good arrowheads as any painted savage that ever drew a bow. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Select a piece of straight-grained flint as near the desired shape as pos\-sible. It may be both longer and wider than the finished arrow but it should not be any thicker. The side, edge and end views of a suitable frag\-ment are shown in Fig. 1. Hold the pi
ece with one edge or end resting on a block of wood and strike the upper edge lightly with a hammer, a small boulder or anything that comes handy until the piece assumes the shape shown in Fig. 2. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4174\absh-1925\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16577\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5878d84f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig.2 \tab \tab \tab Fig.3 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Stone Chipped into Shape }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The characteristic notches shown in the completed arrow, Fig. 3, are chipped out by striking the piece lightly at the required points with the edge of an old hatchet or a heavy flint held at right angles to the edge of the arrow. These heads can be made so
 that they cannot be distin\-guished from the real Indian arrow\-heads. --Contributed by B. Orlando Taylor, Cross Timbers, Mo. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Opening Handle for a Stamp Pad [23] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A stamp pad is a desk necessity and the cleanliness of one depends on keep\-ing it closed when it is not in use. The opening and closing of a pad requires both hands and consequently the clos\-ing of a pad is often neglected in order to avoid soiling the fin
gers. This trouble can be avoided if the pad is fitted with a small handle as shown in the sketch. Take the ordinary pad and work the hinge until it opens freely. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3571\absh-2458\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert60161\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6f7b736e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Handle on Cover }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If necessary apply a little oil and spread the flanges of the cover slightly. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Saw off the top of a common wood clothespin just above the slot, saving all the solid part. Fasten this to the cover near the back side in an upright position with a screw. A tap on the front side of the pin will turn it over backward until the head rests 
on the desk thus bringing the cover up in the upright position. When through using the pad, a slight tap on the back side of the cover will turn it down in place. --\-Contributed by H. L. Crockett, Glov\-ersville, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Concrete Kennel [23] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The kennel shown in the illustra\-tion is large enough for the usual size of dog. It is cleanly, healthful and more ornamental than the average kennel.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3494\absh-2112\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert8769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5d650de.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Finished Kennel }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\loch\fs20\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0{\charscalex105 This mission style would be in keeping with the now popular mission and semi-mission style home, and, with }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033{\charscalex108 slight modifications, it could be made to conform with the ever beautiful colonial home. It is not difficult to }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3648\absh-2630\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10209\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7a4394f0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Concrete Forms }
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 build and will keep in good shape for many years. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The dimensions and the manner of making the forms for the concrete, and the location for the bolts to hold the plate and rafters, are shown in the dia\-gram.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --Contributed by Edith E. Lane, El Paso, Texas. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Nutshell Photograph Novelty [24] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Split an English walnut in the cen\-ter, remove the contents, and scrape out the rough parts. Make an oval }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3552\absh-3802\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert63489\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6eb95085.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photograph in the Shell }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 opening by filing or grinding. If a file is used, it should be new and sharp. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After this is done, take a small half round file and smooth the edges into shape and good form. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The photograph print should be quite small--less than 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82\i  }{\charscalex108 in. across the face. Trim the print to a size a little larger than the opening in the shell, and secure it in place with glue or paste. It may be well to fill the shell with cotton. Mount the shell 
on a small card with glue, or if desired, a mount of different shape can be made of burnt woodwork. --Contributed by C. S. Bourne, Lowell, Mass. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex108 Spoon Holder on a }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex105 Kettle [24] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 In making marmalade and jellies the ingredients must be stirred from time to time as the cooking proceeds. After }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 stirring,}{\charscalex84  }{\charscalex108 some of the mixture always re\-mains on the spoon. Cooks often lay the spoon on a plate or stand it against the cooking utensil with t
he handle down. Both of these methods are wasteful. The accompanying illustration shows a device made of sheet copper to hold the spoon so that the drippings will return to the cooking utensil. The copper is not hard to bend and it can be shaped so that th
e device can be used on any pot or kettle. --Contributed by Edwin Marshall, Oak Park, Ill. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2189\absh-1997\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24737\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m601f8efc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Spoon Holder}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Repairing Cracked Gramophone Records [24] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Some time ago I received two gramophone records that were cracked in shipment but the parts were held together with the paper label. As these were single-faced disk records, I used the following method to stick them together: I covered the back of one with
 shellac and laid the two back to back centering the holes with the crack in one running at right angles }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 to the crack in the other. These were placed on a flat surface and a weight set on them. After several hours' dry\-ing, I cleaned the surplus shellac ou
t of the holes and played them. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 As the needle passed over the cracks the noise was hardly audible. These records have been played for a year and they sound almost as good as new. --\-Contributed by Marion P. Wheeler, Greenleaf, Oregon. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b New Use for a Vacuum Cleaner [25] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An amateur mechanic who had been much annoyed by the insects which were attracted to his electric lights found a solution in the pneumatic moth \-trap described in a recent issue of Popular Mechanics. He fixed a funnel to the end of the intake tube of a vac
uum cleaner and hung it under a globe. The insects came to the light, circled over the funnel and disap\-peared. He captured several pounds in a few hours. --Contributed by Geo. F. Turl, Canton, Ill. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Filtering with a Small Funnel [25] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In filtering a large amount of solu\-tion one usually desires some means other than a large funnel and some\-thing to make the watching of the process unnecessary. If a considerable quantity of a solution be placed in a large bottle or flask, and a cork with
 a small hole in it inserted in the mouth, and the apparatus suspended in an in\-verted position over a small funnel so that the opening of the cork is just be\-low the water level in the funnel, the filtering process goes on continuously with no overflow of
 the funnel. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 As soon as the solution in the funnel is below the cork, air is let into the flask and a small quantity of new solu\-tion is let down into the funnel. The process works well and needs no watching, and instead of the filtrate being in a large filter paper, i
t is on one small piece and can be handled with ease. --Contributed by Loren Ward, Des Moines, Iowa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex107{\b A Postcard Rack [25]}}{\charscalex107. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex123{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The illustration shows a rack for postcards. Those having houses }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2899\absh-2035\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29249\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m45c8c5de.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Finished Rack }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 with mission-style furniture can make such a rack of the same material as the desk, table or room furnishings and finish it in the same manner. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The dimensions are given in the de\-tail sketch. The two ends are cut from 1/4-in. material, the bottom being 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex107 in. thick. Only three pieces are re\-quired, and as they are simple in de\-sign, anyone can cut them out with a}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3782\absh-1608\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28833\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m435af99f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Rack }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 saw, plane and pocket knife. --Con\-tributed by Wm. Rosenberg, Wor\-cester, Mass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Substitute Shoe Horn [25] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good substitute for a shoe horn is a handkerchief or any piece cloth used in the following way: Allow part of the handkerchief or cloth to enter the shoe, place the toe of the foot in the shoe so as to hold down the cloth, and by pulling up on the cloth 
so as to keep it taut around the heel the foot will slide into the shoe just as easily }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 as if a shoe horn were used. --Contri\-buted by Thomas E. Dobbins, Glen\-brook, Conn. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Building a Small Photographic Dark Room [26]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In building a photographic dark room, it is necessary to make it per\-fectly light-tight, the best material to use being matched boards. These boards are tongued and grooved and when put together effectually prevent the entrance of light. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The next important thing to be con\-sidered is to make it weather-tight, and as far as the sides are concerned the matched boards will do this also, but it is necessary to cover the roof with felt or water-proof paper. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 The best thickness for the boards is 1 in., but for cheapness 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex110 in. will do as well, yet the saving is so little that the 1-in. boards are preferable. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The dark room shown in the accom\-panying sketch measures 3 ft. 6 in. by 2 ft. 6 in., the height to the eaves being 6 ft.  Form the two sides shown in Fig 1, fixing the crosspieces which hold the boards together in such positions that the bottom one will ac
t as a bearer for the floor, and the second one for the developing bench. Both sides can be put together in this way, and both exactly alike. Keep the ends of the crosspieces back from the edges of the boards far enough to allow the end boards to fit in ag
ainst them. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 One of the narrow sides can be formed in the same way, fixing the crosspieces on to correspond, and then these three pieces can be fastened to\-gether by screwing the two wide sides on the narrow one.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lay the floor next, screwing or nail\-ing the boards to the crosspieces, and making the last board come even with the ends of the crosspieces, not even with the boards themselves. The single boards can then be fixed, one on each side of what will be the doo
rway, by screwing to the floor, and to the out\-side board of the sides. At the top of the doorway, fix a narrow piece be\-tween the side boards, thus leaving a rectangular opening for the door. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The roof boards may next be put on, nailing them to each other at the ridge, and to the sides of the room at the outsides and eaves. They should over\-hang at the sides and eaves about 2 in., as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 One of the sides with the crosspieces in place will be as shown in Fig. 2 in section, all the crosspieces and bearers intersecting around the room. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The door is made of the same kind of boards held together with cross\-pieces, one of which is fastened so as to fit closely to the floor when the door is hinged, and act as a trap for the light. The top crosspiece is also fast\-ened within 1 in. of the top o
f the door for the same reason. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Light traps are necessary at the sides and top of the door. That at the hinged side can be as shown at A, Fig. 5, the closing side as at B, and the top as at C in the same drawing. These are all in section and are self-explanatory. In hinging the door, thr
ee butt hinges should be used so as to keep the joint close. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The fittings of the room are as shown sectionally in Fig. 6, but before fixing these it is best to line the room with heavy, brown wrapping paper, as an additional safeguard against the entrance of light. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The developing bench is 18 in. wide, and in the middle an opening, 9 by 11 in., is cut, below which is fixed the sink. It is shown in detail in Fig. 7, and should be zinc lined. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The zinc should not be cut but folded as shown in Fig. 8, so that it will fit inside the sink. The bench at each side of the sink should be fluted (Fig. 9), so that the water will drain off into the sink. A strip should be fixed along the back of the bench
 as shown in Figs. 6 and 9, and an arrangement of slats (Fig. 10), hinged to it, so as to drop on the sink as in Fig. 6, and shown to a larger scale in Fig. 11. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A shelf for bottles and another for plates, etc., can be fixed above the de\-veloping bench as at D and E (Fig. 6) and another as F in the same drawing. This latter forms the bottom of the tray rack, which is fixed on as shown }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw8631\absh-13031\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}
\par\pard
}{}{\lang1024}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Details of the Dark Rook}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 in Fig. 13. The divisions of the tray rack are best fitted loosely in grooves formed by fixing strips to the shelves and under the bench and sink as in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 13. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Extra bearing pieces will be wanted for the shelves mentioned above, these being shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 14. }{\charscalex105 The window is formed by cutting an opening in the side opposite the door, and fixing in it a square of white glass with strips of wood on the inside and putt
y on the outside, as in Fig. 15. A ruby glass is framed as shown at G, Fig. 16, and arranged to slide to and fro in the grooved runners H, which makes it possible to have white light, as at I, or red light as at K, Fig. }{\charscalex107 16. }{\charscalex105 The white glass with runners in 
position is shown at L in the same drawing, but not the red glass and frame. Ventila\-tion is arranged for by boring a series of holes near the floor, as at M, Fig. 6, and near the roof as at N in the same drawing, and trapping the light with\-out stopping t
he passage of air, as shown in the sections, Fig. }{\charscalex107 17. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The finish of the roof at the gables is shown in Fig. 18, the strip under the boards holding the felt in position when folded under, and the same is true of the roll at the top of the roof in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 19. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The house will be much strengthened if strips, as shown in Fig. 20, are fast\-ened in the corners inside, after lin\-ing with brown paper, screwing them each way into the boards. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The door may have a latch or lock with a knob, but should in addition have two buttons on the inside, fixed so as to pull it shut tightly at top and bottom. A waste pipe should be attached to the sink and arranged to discharge through the floor. A cistern 
with pipe and tap can be fastened in the top of the dark room, if desired, or the room may be made with a flat roof, and a tank stand on it, though this is hardly advisable. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is absolutely necessary that the room be well painted, four coats at first is not too many, and one coat twice a year will keep it in good condition. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A brick foundation should be laid so that no part of the room touches the ground. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Versatile Querl [28]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 "Querl" is the German name for a kitchen utensil which may be used as an egg-beater, potato-masher or a lemon-squeezer. For beating up an egg in a glass, mixing flour and water, or stirring cocoa or chocolate, it is bet\-ter than anything on the market. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3840\absh-2534\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29089\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m40a4813f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Querl Made of Wood }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 This utensil is made of hardwood,  preferably maple or ash. A circular piece about 2 in. in diameter is cut from 1/2-in. stock and shaped like a star as shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex123 1, }{\charscalex105 and a 3/8-in. hole bored in the center for a handle. The handle should be at least }{\charscalex107 12 }
{\charscalex105 in. in length and fastened in the star as shown in Fig. 2. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In use, the star is placed in the dish containing the material to be beaten or mixed and the handle is rapidly rolled between the palms of the hands. --Con\-tributed by W. Karl Hilbrich, Erie, Pennsylvania.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Emergency Soldering Tool [28]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi148\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi148\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Occasionally one finds a piece of soldering to do which is impossible to reach with even the smallest of the or\-dinary soldering irons or coppers. If a length of copper wire as large as the job will permit and sufficiently long to admit being bent at one e
nd to form a rough handle, and filed or dressed to a point on the other, is heated and tinned exactly as a regular }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 copper should be, the work will cause no trouble on account of inaccessibil\-ity. --Contributed by E. G. Smith, Eureka Springs, Ark. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Smoothing Paper after Erasing [29]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When an ink line is erased the rough\-ened surface of the paper should be smoothed or polished so as to prevent the succeeding lines of ink from spread\-ing. A convenient desk accessory for this purpose can be made of a short }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3864\absh-821\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28961\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4c820843.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Collar Button Ends In Wood Stick }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 piece of hardwood and two bone collar buttons. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 File off the head of one button at A and the base from another at B. Bore a small hole D and E in each end of the wood handle C and fasten the but\-ton parts in the holes with glue or seal\-ing wax. The handle can be left the shape shown or tapered as desire
d. The small end is used for smoothing small erasures and the other end for larger surfaces. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107\tx864\tx3125{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Cherry Seeder [29]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107\tx864\tx3125{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 An ordinary hairpin is driven part way into a small round piece of wood, about 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex107 in. in diameter and 2 or 2-1/2}{\charscalex70\i  }{\charscalex107 in. long, for a handle, as shown in the sketch. The hairpin should be a very }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-562\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29185\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_ma9b6489.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hairpin In Stick }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 small size. To operate, simply insert the wire loop into the cherry where the stem has been pulled off and lift out the seed. --Contributed by L. L. Schweiger, Kansas City, Mo. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Dovetail Joint  [29]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The illustration shows an unusual dovetail joint, which, when put to\-gether properly is a puzzle. The tenon or tongue of the joint is sloping on three surfaces and the mortise is cut sloping to match. The bottom surface of the mortise is the same width at 
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3835\absh-1378\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29121\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7ccc478e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shape of Tenon and Mortise }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 both ends, the top being tapering to\-ward the base of the tongue. --Contrib\-uted by Wm. D. Mitchell, Yonkers, New York. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Base for Round-End Bottles [29]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3725\absh-2083\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_72e48abe.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Base Made-of Corks }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The many forms of round-bottomed glass bottles used in chemical labora\-tories require some special kind of sup\-port on which they can be safely placed from time to time when the chemist  does not, for the moment, need them. These supports should not be mad
e of any hard material nor should they be good conductors of heat, as such quali\-ties would result in frequent breakage. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A French magazine suggests mak\-ing the supports from the large corks of glass jars in which crystal chemicals are usually supplied from the dealers. The manner of making them is clearly shown in the sketch. Each cork is cut as in Fig. 1 and placed on a wir
e ring (Fig. 2) whose ends are twisted to\-gether and the last section of cork is cut through from the inner side to the center and thus fitted over the wire covering the twisted ends, which binds them together. The corks in use are shown in Fig. 3. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Rustic Window Boxes [30] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Instead of using an ordinary green\--painted window box, why not make an artistic one in which the color does not clash with the plants contained in it but rather harmonizes with them. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Such a window box can be made by anyone having usual mechanical ability, and will furnish more opportunities for artistic and original de\-sign than many other articles of more compli\-cated construction.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The box proper should be made a little shorter than the length of the window to allow for the extra space taken up in trimming and should be nearly equal in width to the sill, as shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 1. }{\charscalex107 If the sill is in\-clined, as is usually the case, the box wi
ll require a greater height in front, to make it set level, as shown in Fig. 2. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi172\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The box should be well nailed or screwed together and should then be painted all over to make it more dura\-ble. A number of 1/2-in. holes should be drilled in the bottom, to allow the excess water to run out and thus pre\-vent rotting of the plants and box.
 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Having completed the bare box, it may be trimmed to suit the fancy of the maker. The design shown in Fig. 1 is very simple and easy to construct, but may be replaced with a panel or other design. One form of panel design is shown in Fig. 3. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi172\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trimming having too rough a sur\-face will be found unsuitable for this work as it is difficult to fasten and cannot be split as well as smooth trim\-ming. It should be cut the proper length before being split and should be fastened with brads. The half-\-rou
nd hoops of barrels will be found very useful in trimming, especially for filling-in purposes, and by using them the operation of splitting is avoided. After the box is trimmed, the rustic work should be varnished, in order to thoroughly preserve it, as we
ll as im\-prove its appearance. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5146\absh-3974\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29313\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m135dcb80.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Artistic Flower Boxes }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Antidote for Squirrel Pest [30] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To the owner of a garden in a town where squirrels are protected by law, life in the summer time is a vexation. First the squirrels dig up the sweet corn and two or three replantings are necessary. When the corn is within two or three days of being suitabl
e for cooking, the squirrels come in droves from far and near. They eat all they can and carry away the rest. When the corn is gone cucumbers, cabbages, etc., share the same fate, being partly eaten into. At the risk of being ar\-rested for killing the squi
rrels I have used a small target rifle morning and night, but during my absence the dev\-astation went on steadily. Last year they destroyed my entire corn crop. Traps do no good; can't use poison, too dangerous. But I have solved the difficulty; it's easy.
 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shake cayenne pepper over the va\-rious vegetables which are being ruin, and observe results. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\b Homemade Electric Stove [31]  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20By {\charscalex141 J. }F. THOLL }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 The{\b  }{\charscalex107 construction of an electric stove is very simple, and it can be made by any home mechanic having a vise and hand drill. The body is made of sheet or galvanized iron, cut out and drilled as shown in Fig. 1. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Each long projection represents a leg, which is bent at right angles on the center line by placing the metal in the jaws of a vise and hammering the metal over flat. If just the rim is gripped in the vise, it will give a round\-ing form to the lower part of
 the legs. The small projections are bent in to form a support for the bottom. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bottom consists of a square piece of metal, as shown in Fig. 2. Holes are drilled near the edges for stove bolts to fasten it to the bottom projections. Two of the larger holes are used for the ends of the coiled rod and the other two for the heating-w
ire terminals. The latter holes should be well insulated with porcelain or mica. The top consists of a square piece of metal drilled as shown in Fig. 3. Four small ears are turned down to hold the top in place. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 One end of the coiled rod is shown in Fig. 4. This illustrates how two pins are inserted in holes, drilled at right angles, to hold the coil on the bottom plate. The coiled rod is 3/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex161\i\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7565\absh-2568\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29921\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6c72105e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pattern for Parts of the Electric Stove}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 in diameter and 27 in. long. The rod is wrapped with sheet asbestos, cut in 1/2-in. strips. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The length of the heating wire must be}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex78\f4  }{\charscalex107 determined by}{\charscalex88\i\f4  }{\charscalex107 a test. This wire can be purchased from electrical stores. Stovepipe wire will answer the pur\-pose when regular heating wire cannot be obtained. The wire is coiled around the asbestos-covered rod, so tha
t no coil will be in contact with another coil. If, by trial, the coil does not heat sufficiently, cut some of it off and try again. About 9-1/2 ft. of No. 26 gauge heating wire will be about right. The connection to an electric-lamp socket is made with or
dinary flexible cord, to which is attached a screw plug for mak\-ing connections. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Glass-Cleaning Solution [31] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Glass tumblers, tubing and fancy bottles are hard to clean by washing them in the ordinary way, as the parts are hard to reach with the fingers or a brush. The following solution makes an excellent cleaner that will remove dirt and grease from crevices and
 sharp corners. To 9 parts of water add 1 part of strong sulphuric acid. The acid should be added to the water slowly and not the water to the acid. Add as much bichromate of potash as the solution will dissolve. More bichromate of potash should be added a
s the precipitate is used in cleaning. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The chemicals can be purchased cheaply from a local drug store, and made up and kept in large bottles. The solution can be used over and over again. -- Contributed by Loren Ward Des Moines, Iowa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Automatic-Closing Kennel Door [32] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the neighborhood cats are retired for the night and there is noth\-ing more to chase, my fox terrier seems to realize that his usefulness }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3749\absh-2525\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29953\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1d3e6bdd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}{\fs20 {\charscalex119\f4  }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Diagram of Closing Door}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 for the day is over and begs to be put in his kennel that he may not bark at the moon as some dogs are apt to do. This necessitates my putting him out at a time when it may not be convenient. Frequently in stormy weather this is a disagreeable duty and I f
ound a way to obviate it by making a trapdoor device for his ken\-nel as shown in the sketch whereby he may lock himself in when he crosses the threshold. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The outer half A of the hinged trap\-door is made heavier than the inner half  B by a cleat, C, and a strip, D, to cause the door to swing shut. The tripper stick E is set between cleats C and F to hold the door open. When the dog steps on the inner half of
 the trapdoor B, it falls to stop G, releasing tripper stick E (which is heavier on the top end H) to cause it to fall clear of the path of the trapdoor. The door then swings shut in the direction of the arrow, the latch I engaging a slot in the door as it
 closes, and the dog has locked himself in for the night. The latch I is made of an old-fashioned gate latch which is mortised in the bottom joist of the kennel. When re\-leasing the dog in the morning the door is set for the evening. --Contrib\-uted by Vict
or Labadie, Dallas, Texas. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Polishing Cloths for Silver [32] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Mix 2 lb. of whiting and 1/2 oz. of oleic acid with 1 gal. of gasoline. Stir and mix thoroughly. Soak pieces of gray outing flannel of the desired size--15 by 12 in. is a good size--in this compound. Wring the surplus fluid out and hang them up to dry, bei
ng careful to keep them away from the fire or an open flame. These cloths will speedily clean silver or plated ware and will not soil the hands. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In cleaning silver, it is best to wash it first in hot water and white soap and then use the polishing cloths. The cloths can be used until they are worn to shreds. Do not wash them. Knives, forks, spoons and other small pieces of silver will keep bright a
nd free from tarnish if they are slipped into cases made from the gray outing flannel and treated with the compound. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Separate bags for such pieces as the teapot, coffee pot, hot-water pot, cake basket and other large pieces of silver\-ware will keep them bright and shin\-ing. --Contributed by Katharine D. Morse, Syracuse, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Book-Holder [32] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Books having a flexible back are dif\-ficult to hold in an upright position when copying from them. A make\-shift combination of paperweights and other books is often used, but with unsatisfactory results. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3514\absh-2419\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_68330f40.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig 2. Box Corner Makes a Book Holder }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\loch\fs20\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0{\charscalex107 The book-holder shown in the sketch will hold such books securely, allow }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033{\charscalex108 the pages to be turned easily and con\-ceal the smallest possible portion of each page. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The holder can be cut out of a box corner and fitted with two screw eyes, which have the part shown by the dotted lines at A (Fig. 1) removed. The length of the back board deter\-mines the slope for the book rest.\- --Contributed by James M. Kane, Doylestown
, Pa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Clamping a Cork [33]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is aggravating to continually break the cork of the stock mucilage bottle because of its sticking to the neck of the bottle after a supply has been poured out. If a stove bolt is in\-serted lengthwise through the cork with a washer on each end and the nu
t screwed up tightly, as shown in the sketch, the cork may be made to last longer than the supply of mucilage and can be placed in a new bottle and used over and over again. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1459\absh-2074\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33185\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_211f9161.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Withdrawing Paper from under an Inverted Bottle [33] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Invert a bottle on a piece of paper near the edge of a table top and ask anyone to remove the paper without overturning the bottle. They will at once jerk the paper with the result that the bottle will turn over. To re\-move the paper just strike the table 
top with your right fist while pulling the paper slowly with your left hand. As you strike the table the bottle will jump and release the paper. --Contri\-buted by Maurice Baudier, New Or\-leans, La. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Emergency Tire Repair [33]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi180\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A bone collar button makes a good substitute for a plug in repairing a puncture in a single-tube bicycle tire. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Broom Holder Made of a Hinge [33] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The broom holder shown in the sketch is made of an ordinary hinge with one wing screwed to the wall. The loose wing has a large hole drilled in it to receive the handle of the broom. The manner of holding the broom is plainly shown in the sketch. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --Con\-tributed by Theodore L. Fisher; Waverly, Ill.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1843\absh-2381\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4ea4294.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Making Proofs before the Negative Dries [33] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab . }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A correspondent of Camera Craft makes proofs from his developed, but unfixed, negatives, by squeezing a sheet of wet bromide paper into con\-tact with the wet film and giving an exposure several times longer than would be required under ordinary con\-ditions
, using the paper dry. If the developer is well rinsed out of the film, the exposure to artificial light neces\-sary to make a print will have no in\-jurious effect upon the negative, which is, of course, later fixed and washed as usual. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Flower-Pot Stand [33] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very useful stand for flower pots can be made of a piece of board sup\-ported by four clothes hooks. The top may be of any size suit\-able for the flower pot. The hooks which serve as legs are fastened to the under side of the board in the same manner as f
astening the hook to a wall. --Contributed by Oliver S. Sprout, Harrisburg, Pa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1843\absh-1459\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33121\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m46916df5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \keepn\fs20\b\f0\fs20\b\f0\fs20 \ltrpar\s7\cf0{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\keepn\rtlch\af9\afs24\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af8\afs24\langfe255\ab\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Line Harmonograph  [34]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2189\absh-4339\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33089\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4d790f65.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2093\absh-1286\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33057\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m397d9e68.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi180\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 As an apparatus capable of exciting interest, probably nothing so easily constructed surpasses the harmono\-graph. Your attention will be com\-pletely ab\-sorbed in the ever chang\-ing, graceful sweep of the long pendulum, the gyrations of which are faithfully
 recorded in the resulting harmonogram. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A careless impetus given to the pendulum may result in a very beau\-tiful harmonogram, but you may try innumerable times to duplicate this chance record without success. No two hamonograms are exactly alike. The harmonograph, while its pendu\-lum swings in a
ccordance with well known natural laws, is exceedingly erratic when it comes to obeying any preconceived calculations of its oper\-ator. In this uncertainty lies the charm. If time hangs heavily or a person is slightly nervous or uneasy, a harmonograph is a
 good prescrip\-tion. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The prime essential in a well}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105\b  }{\charscalex108 work\-ing harmon\-ograph is a properly constructed universal joint. Where such a joint is made with pivots for its bearings, one pair of pivots are very liable to have more friction than the other, }w{\charscalex113 hich re\-}{\charscalex108 tards the }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex108 movement and causes the harmonograph to un\-dergo a continuous change of axis. To obviate this difficulty, the joint should be made similar to those used on scales. The general appearance of such a joint is shown in the first illustration, Fig. 1. Stirrups
 A and B are made of 7/8} {\charscalex108 by 1/4-in. metal. Holes are drilled in each end of these stirrups and filed out as shown at C. The two holes shown in the center of the stirrup A are drilled to fasten the apparatus to the ceiling. Two corresponding holes are drill
ed in B to fasten the long pendulum F to the joint. The cross of the joint D has the ends shaped as shown at E. The rounded shoulder on E is to prevent the cross from becoming displaced by a jar or accident. The ends of the cross are inserted through the h
oles C of the stirrups, then slipped back so the knife edges engage in the V-shaped holes of the stirrups. The cross must be so made that the knife edges will be in the same plane. This can be de\-termined by placing two of the knife edges on the jaws of a 
vise and then}{\charscalex129  }{\charscalex108 laying two rules across the other two}{\charscalex153  }{\charscalex108 edges. The rules should just touch the jaws of the vise and the two knife edges of the cross. This makes a uni\-versal joint almost free from friction and, what is most important, prevents the pendulum fro
m twisting on its own axis. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The pendulum F should be made of ash or oak, 1-3/4 by 2 in., with a length depending on the height of the ceiling. A length of 7}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50\i  }{\charscalex108 ft. is about right for a 10-ft. ceiling. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A small table or platform, K, as shown in the lower part of Fig. 1, is fastened to the lower end of the pen\-dulum as a support for the cards on which harmonograms are made. A weight, G, of about 30 or 40 lb.-a box filled with small weights will do--is atta
ched to the pendulum just above the table. Another weight of about 10 lb. is attached as shown at H. A pedestal, J}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82 , }{\charscalex108 provides a means of sup\-port for the stylus. The stylus arm should have pin-point bearings, to prevent any side motion. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The length of the short pendulum H, which can be regulated, as shown in Fig. 1, should bear a certain and exactly fixed relation to the length of the main pendulum, for the swinging times of pen\-dulums are inversely proportionate to their lengths, and unle
ss the shorter pendulum is, for instance, exactly one-third, one-fourth, one-fifth, etc., as long as the other, that is, makes respectively 3, 4 or 5 swings to one swing of the long pen\-dulum, they will not harmonize and a per\-fect harmonogram is not obtai
ned. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A good stylus to contain the ink is easily made from a glass tube 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex65  }{\charscalex108 in. in diameter. Heat the tube in an al\-cohol or Bunsen flame and then, by drawing the two portions apart and twisting at the same time, the tube may be drawn to a sharp point. An openin
g of any desired size is made in  the point by rubbing it on a whetstone. Owing to the fact that the style of universal joint described has so little friction, the stylus point must be very }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4934\absh-1728\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33025\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7ecb1395.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4934\absh-1709\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59201\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_40bcaead.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lines Made with the Harmonograph }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 fine, or the lines will overlap and blur. A small weight, such as a shoe but\-toner, placed on the arm near the stylus will cause enough friction to make the pendulum "die" faster and thus remedy the trouble. --Contributed by Wm. R. Ingham, Rosemont, Arizon
a. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cutting Circular Holes in Thin Sheet Metal [35] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In arts and crafts work, occasion often arises to cut a perfectly circular hole in sheet copper or brass. To saw and file it out takes time and skill. Holes up to 3 in. in diameter can be cut quickly and accurately with an ordi\-nary expansive bit. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fasten the sheet metal to a block of wood with handscrews or a vise. Punch a hole, with a nail set or punch, in the center of the circle to be cut, large enough to receive the spur of the ex\-pansive bit. A few turns of the brace will cut out the circle and
 leave a smooth edge. --Contributed by James T. Gaffney, Chicago. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Key Card for Writing Unreadable Post Cards [35]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A key card for use in correspondence on postals that makes the matter un\-readable unless the recipient has a duplicate key card is made as follows: Rule two cards the size of postal, one for the sender and one for the receiver, dividing them into quarters.
 These quarters are subsequently divided into any convenient number of rectangular parts-six in this case. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 These parts are numbered from one to six in each quarter beginning at the outside corners and following in the same order in each quarter. Cut out one rectangle of each number with a sharp knife, distributing them over the}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex108 whole card. Then put a prominent 
figure 1 at the top of one side, 2 at the bottom and 3 and 4 on the other side. The numbering and the cutouts are shown in Fig. 1. The two key cards are made alike. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7502\absh-2626\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7f8c2460.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The Key }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20Card }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx6660{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The key card is used by placing it over a postal with the figure 1 at the top and writing in the spaces from left to right as usual, Fig. 3, then put 2 at the top, Fig. 4, and proceed as before, then 3 as in Fig. 5, and 4 as in Fig. 6. The result will be a
 jumble of words as shown in Fig. 2, which cannot be read to make any sense except by use of a key card. --Contributed by W.J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex91  }{\charscalex108 Morey, Chicago. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Carpenter's Vise [36]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sketch shows an easily made, quick-working wood vise that has proved very satisfactory. The usual screw is replaced by an open bar held on one end by a wedge-shaped block, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3648\absh-2486\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32961\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5cceb927.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and the excess taken up on the other end by an eccentric lever. The wedge }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 is worked by a string passing through the top of the bench and should be weighted on the other end to facilitate the automatic downward movement. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The capacity of the vise, of course, de\-pends on the size and shape of the wedge-shaped block. --Contributed by J.H. Cruger, Cape May City, N.J.  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Toning Blue on Bromide and Platinum [36]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 After some experimenting to secure a blue tone on bromide prints, a cor\-respondent of the Photographic Times produced a very pleasing bluish green tint by immersing the prints in a solution composed of 30 gr. of ferricyanide of potash, 30 gr. citrate of ir
on and ammonia, 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex76\f4  }{\charscalex108 oz. acetic acid and 4 oz. of water. After securing the tint desired, remove the prints, rinse them in clean water for a few minutes, and then place them in a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid. Wash the prints thoroughly and hang them
 up with clips to dry. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cutting Loaf Bread [36] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When cutting a loaf of bread do not slice it from the outer crusted end. Cut through the center, then cut slices from the center toward the ends. The two cut surfaces can be placed to\-gether, thus excluding the air and keeping the bread fresh as long as th
ere is any left to slice. --Contributed by L. Alberta Norrell, Augusta, Ga. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Electric Toaster [37]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The electric toaster shown in the sketch is not hard to make. The frame\-work comprising the base and the two uprights may be made either of hard\-wood or asbestos board, says Popular Electricity. If constructed of the former, the portion of the base under t
he coil, and the inside surfaces of the two uprights should be covered with a 1/8-in. sheet of well made asbestos paper, or thin asbestos board may be substituted for this lining. Asbestos board is to be preferred, and this ma\-terial in almost any degree o
f hard\-ness may be purchased. It can be worked into shape and will hold wood\- screws. The detail drawing gives all dimensions necessary to shape the wood or asbestos board. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 After preparing the base and up\-rights, drill 15 holes, 1/4 in. deep, into the inside face of each upright to sup\-port the No. 6 gauge wires shown. The wires at the top and bottom for hold\-ing the resistance wire are covered with asbestos paper and the hol
es for these wires are 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex70  }{\charscalex108 in. from the top and bottom, respectively, of the uprights. The wires that form the cage about the heater coil and are used for a support for the toast are 15 pieces of No. 6 gauge iron wire each 8 in. long. The screws that hold 
the uprights in posi\-tion should have the heads counter\-sunk on the under side of the base. The binding-posts should now be set in position and their protecting covering }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3816\absh-1512\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m971dc2b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of Toaster }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 containing the reinforced cord left until the other parts are finished. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To assemble, secure one upright in position using 1-1/2 in. wood-screws. Place the other upright where it belongs without fastening it and put the stretcher wires for holding the resist\-ance wire in place. Put the asbestos paper on these and with the assis
tance of a helper begin winding on the heater coil. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3744\absh-1800\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32897\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m35de6714.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Toaster Complete }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Use 80 ft. of 18-per-cent No. 22 gauge German-silver wire. Wind the successive turns of wire so they will not touch each other and fasten at each end with a turn or two of No. 16 gauge copper wire. When this is complete have the helper hold the stretcher w
ires while you tip the unfastened upright out and insert the wires of the cage, then fasten the upright in place. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The wire from the binding-posts to the coil may be what is known un\-derwriters' wire or asbestos-covered wire No. 14 gauge, which is held in place by double-headed tacks contain\-ing an insulation at the head. These may be procured from electrical sup\-ply h
ouses. Connect the reinforced cord and terminals to the binding screws and fasten the cover in place. This toaster will take four amperes on 110-volt circuit. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cabinet for the Amateur's Workshop [37]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 One of the most convenient adjuncts to an amateur's workbench is a cabinet of some sort in which to keep nails, rivets, screws, etc., instead of leaving them scattered all about the bench. A very easily made cabinet for this pur\-pose is shown in the accomp
anying il\-lustration. The case may be made of 1/2-in. white pine or white wood of a suitable size to hold the required num}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 ber of drawers which slide on strips of the same material, cut and dressed 1/2}{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. square. The drawers are made of empty cigar boxes o
f uniform size,  which, if one is not a smoker, may be readily obtained from any cigar dealer, as they are usually thrown away when empty. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Small knobs may be added if desired, but these are not necessary, as the spaces shown between the drawers give ample room to grasp them with the fingers. Labels of some kind are needed, and one of the neatest things for this purpose is the embossed alumi\-n
um label, such as is stamped by the well known penny-in-the-slot machines to be found in many railroad stations and amusement places. --Contributed by Frederick E. Ward, Ampere, N. Y. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2891\absh-5311\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}
\par\pard
}{}{\lang1024}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Empty Cigar Boxes Used for Drawers }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-168\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Uncurling Photographs [38]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-168\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Photograph prints can be kept from curling when dry, by giving them the same treatment as was once used on films. Immerse for 5 minutes in a bath made by adding 14 oz. of glycer\-ine to }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs2016 {\charscalex107 oz. of water, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Soldering for the Amateur [38]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Successful soldering will present no serious difficulties to anyone who will follow a few simple directions. Certain metals are easier to join with solder than others and some cannot be sol\-dered at all. Copper, brass, zinc, tin, lead, galvanized iron, gol
d and silver or any combination of these metals can be easily soldered, while iron and alu\-minum are common metals that cannot be soldered. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is necessary to possess a soldering copper, a piece of solder, tinner's acid, sandpaper or steel wool, a small file and a piece of sal ammoniac. If the sol\-dering copper is an old one, or has be\-come corroded, it must be ground or filed to a point. Heat
 it until hot (not red hot), melt a little solder on the sal ammoniac, and rub the point of the copper on it, turning the copper over to thoroughly tin the point on each face. This process is known as tinning the iron and is very necessary to suc\-cessful w
ork. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the copper is tinned you may place it in the fire again, being careful about the heat, as too hot an iron will burn off the tinning. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The parts to be soldered must be thoroughly cleaned by sandpapering or the use of steel wool until the metal shows up bright. Then apply the acid only to the parts to be soldered with a small stiff brush or a small piece of cloth fastened to a stick, or in
 a bent piece of tin to form a swab. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tinner's acid is made by putting as much zinc in commercial muriatic acid as will dissolve. This process is best accomplished in an open earthenware dish. After the acid has ceased to boil and becomes cool it may be poured into a wide-mouthed bottle which 
has a good top or stopper, and labeled "Poison." }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Place the parts to be soldered in their correct position and apply the hot copper to the solder, then to the joint to be soldered, following around with the copper and applying solder as is necessary. In joining large pieces it is best to }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 "stick" them toge
ther in several places to hold the work before trying to get all around them. A little practice will soon teach the requisite amount of solder and the smoothness required for a good job. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In soldering galvanized iron, the pure muriatic acid should be used, particu\-larly so when the iron has once been used. --C. G. S., Eureka Springs, Ark.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Washboard Holder [39]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When using a washboard it will con\-tinually slip down in the tub. This is considerable annoyance, especially if a large tub is used. The washboard can be kept in place with small metal hooks, as shown in the sketch. Two of these are fastened to the back of
 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3720\absh-1176\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert31937\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3f08c2c1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Clip on the Washboard }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the washboard in the right place to keep it at the proper slant. --Contrib\-uted by W. A. Jaquythe, Richmond, California. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Mission Bracket Shelf  [39]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The shelf consists of six pieces of wood A, B, C, D, E and F. The ma\-terial can be of any wood. I have one made of mahogany finished in natural color, and one made of poplar finished black. The dimensions given in the detail drawings are sufficient for any
\-one to make this bracket. The amount of material required is very small and can be made from scrap, or purchased from a mill surfaced and sanded. The parts are put together with dowel pins. --Contributed by A. Larson, Kenosha, Wis. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5304\absh-3288\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32705\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_736d759b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Wall Bracket}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex108\fs20{\b How to Make a Finger Ring [39]}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex108\fs20\fs20 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 While the wearing of copper rings for rheumatism may be a foolish notion, yet there is a certain galvanic action }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3792\absh-1416\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert7169\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m51234649.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tools for Forming the Ring }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 set up by the contact of the acid in the system of the afflicted person with the metal of the ring. Apart from this, however, a ring may be made from any metal, such as copper, brass and silver, if such metals are in plate or sheet form, by the following m
ethod: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 All the tools necessary are a die and punch which are simple to make and will form a ring that will fit the aver\-age finger. Take a 3/4-in. nut, B, Fig. 1, and drill out the threads. This will leave a clear hole, 7/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. in diameter, or a hole drilled the 
desired size in a piece of iron plate will do as well. Countersink the top of the hole so that the full diameter of the countersink will be }{\charscalex105 1-1/4 }{\charscalex108 in. This completes the die. The punch A, is made of a piece of 5/8 }{\charscalex66 \-}{\charscalex108 in. round iron, slightly rounded on the en
d so that it will not cut through the metal disk. The dimensions shown in Fig. 1 can be changed to suit the size of the finger to be fitted. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The metal used should be about 1/16 in. thick and 1-1/4 in. in diameter. Anneal it properly by heating and plunging in water. Lay it on the die so that it will fit nicely in the countersink and drive it through the hole by striking the punch with a hammer.
 Hold the punch as nearly central as possible when starting to drive the metal through the hole. The disk will come out pan shaped, C, and it is only necessary to remove the bottom of the pan to have a band which will leave a hole 5/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex107 in. in diameter and 1
-1/4 in. wide. Place the band, D, Fig. 2, on a stick so that the edges can be filed and rounded to shape. Finish with fine emery cloth and polish. Brass rings can be plated when finished. --Contrib\-uted by H. W. Hankin, Troy, N. Y. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Bind Magazines [40]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A great many readers of Popular Mechanics Magazine save their copies and have them bound in book form and some keep them without binding. The bound volumes make an attractive library and will always be valuable works of reference along mechanical lines. I 
bind my magazines at home evenings, with good results. Six issues make a well proportioned book, which gives two bound volumes each year. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The covers of the magazines are re\-moved, the wire binders pulled out with a pair of pliers and the advertis\-ing pages removed from both sides, after which it will be found that the remainder is in sections, each section containing four double leaves or si
x\-teen pages. These sections are each removed in turn from the others, using }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-86\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 . a pocket knife to separate them if they stick, and each section is placed as they were in the magazine upon each preceding one until all six numbers have been prepared. If started with the January or the July issue, the pages will be numbered consecutive
ly through the entire pages of the six issues. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The sections are then prepared for sewing. They are evened up on the edges by jarring on a flat surface. They are then placed between two pieces of board and all clamped in a vise. Five cuts, 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex63  }{\charscalex107 in. deep, are made with a saw across the back of the section
s, as shown in Fig. 1. Heavy plain paper is used for the flyleaves. The paper is cut double the same as the leaves comprising the sections, making either one or two double sec\-tions for each side as desired. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A frame for sewing will have to be made as shown in Fig. 2 before the work can be continued on the book. The frame is easily made of four pieces of wood. The bottom piece A should be a little larger than the book. The two upright pieces B are nailed to the
 outside edge, and a third piece, C, is nailed across the top. Small nails are driven part way into the base C to correspond to the saw cuts in the sec\-tions. A piece of soft fiber string is stretched from each nail to the cross\-piece C and tied.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Coarse white thread, size 16 or larger, is used for the sewing material. Start with the front of the book. Be sure that all sections are in their right places and that the flyleaves are pro\-vided in the front and back. Take the sections of the flyleaves on
 top, which should be notched the same as the saw cuts in the book sections, and place them against the strings in the frame. Place the left hand on the inside of the leaves where they are folded and start a blunt needle, threaded double, through the notch
 on the left side of the string No. 1 in Fig. 2. Take hold of the needle with the right hand and pass it to the left around the string No. 1, then back through the notch on the right side. Fasten the thread by tying or making a knot in the end and passing 
the needle through it. After drawing the thread tightly, pass the needle through the notch on the left side of the string No. 2, passing it around the string and }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 tying in the same manner as for No. 1. Each section is fastened to the five strings in the sam
e manner, the thread being carried across from each tie from No. 1 to 2 then to 3 and so on }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3744\absh-1920\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57985\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_244afd68.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 until all strings are tied. The string No. 5 is treated in the same manner only that the needle is run through on the left side of the string a second time, leaving the needle on the out\-side in position for the next section, which is fastened the same as 
the first, the needle being passed through the notch on the right side of the string No. 5, and then to string No.4, pass\-ing around on the right side and back on the left and so on. Keep the thread drawn up tightly all the time. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the sewing is completed cut the strings, allowing about 2 in. of the ends extending on each side. The fi\-bers of these ends are separated and combed out so that they can be glued to the covers to serve as a hinge. A piece of cheesecloth is cut to the
 size of the back and glued to it. Ordinary liquid glue is the best adhesive to use. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Procure heavy cardboard for the covers and cut two pieces 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82\i  }{\charscalex108 in. longer and just the same width as the maga\-zine pages. The covering can be of cloth, leather or paper according to the taste and resources of the maker. The covering should be cut out 1 in. 
larger on all edges than both covers and space on the back. Place the cardboard covers on the book, allow\-ing a margin of 1/4}{\charscalex58\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. on all edges except the back, and measure the dis\-tance between the back edges of the covers across the back of the book. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place the cardboard covers on the back of the covering the proper dis\-tance apart as measured for the back, and mark around each one. Spread thin coat of glue on the surface of each and lay them on by the marks made. Cut a notch out of the cover\-ing so it 
will fold in, and, after gluing }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3768\absh-1800\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32897\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m77a70d7c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Bound Book}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 a {\charscalex108 strip of paper to the covering between the covers to strengthen the back, fold over the outside edges of the covering and glue it down all around. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place the cover on the book in the right position, glue the hinges fast to the inside of the covers, then glue the first flyleaf to the inside of the cover on both front and back and place the whole under a weight until dry. --\-Contributed by Clyde E. Divi
ne, College View, Nebr. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Metal Coverings for Leather Hinges [41]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A method of making a leather hinge work as well as an ordinary steel butt is to cover the wings with sheet metal. The metal can be fastened with nails or screws over the parts of the leather attached to the wood. Tinplate, iron }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3696\absh-1704\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62401\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m529e4464.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Metal Parts Screwed on Leather Hinge}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 hoops, zinc or thin brass cut in neat de\-signs will make a leather hinge appear as well as a metal hinge. --Contributed by Tom Hutchinson, Encanto, Cal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing Plaster from Skin [41]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A hot-water bottle held against a porous plaster will assist in quickly removing it from the skin. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Cheap Bracket Saw [42]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For the frame use 3/8-in. round iron, bending it as shown in the diagram and filing a knob on each end, at opposite sides to each other, on which to hook the blade. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For the blade an old talking-machine }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3547\absh-2155\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3e04aaa8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hacksaw Frame and Blade}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 spring or a clock spring will do nicely. Heat the spring enough to take some of the temper out of it, in order to drill the holes in the ends, as shown, and file in the teeth. Make the blade 12 in. long, with 10 teeth to the inch.  A and B show how the bla
de fits on the frame. -Contributed by Willard J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex107 Hays, Summitville, Ohio. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Cannon [42]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A cannon like the one in the cut may be made from a piece of 1-in. hydraulic pipe, A, with a steel sleeve, B, and a long thread plug, C. Be sure to get hydraulic pipe, or double extra heavy, as it is sometimes called, as common gas pipe is entirely too lig
ht for this purpose. Don't have the pipe too long or the cannon will not make as much }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3547\absh-2203\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert52929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m668d4b59.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Toy Cannon }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 noise. Seven or eight inches is about the right length for a 1-in. bore. Screw the plug and pipe up tightly and then drill a 1/16-in. fuse hole at D. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 If desired the cannon may be mounted on a block of wood, F, by means of a U-bolt}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117\i  }{\charscalex107 or large staple, E.  --Contributed by Carson Birkhead, Moorhead, Miss. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Controller for a Small Motor [42]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An easy way of making a controlling and reversing device for small motors is as follows: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Cut a piece of wood (A) about 6 in. by 4-1/2 in., and 1/4 in. thick, and another piece (B) 6 in. by 1 in., and 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex66  }{\charscalex107 in. thick. Drive a nail through this near the cen\-ter for a pivot (C). To the under side of one end nail a copper brush (D) to extend out abo
ut an inch. On the up\-per side, at the same end, nail another brush (E) so that it projects at both sides and is bent down to the level of the end brush. Then on the board put }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-2338\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2593\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4a859d50.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Reverse for Motor }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 a semi-circle of brass-headed tacks as shown at F, leaving a small space at the middle and placing five tacks on either side, so that the end brush will come in contact with each one. Con\-nect these tacks on the under side of the board with coils of German
-silver wire, using about 8 in. of wire to each coil. Fix these by soldering or bend\-ing over the ends of the tacks. Then nail two strips of copper (G) in such position that the side brush will re\-main on the one as long as the end brush remains on the tac
ks on that side. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Put sides about 1-1/2 in. high around this apparatus, raising the board a little from the bottom to allow room for the coil. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex118 A }{\charscalex107 lid may be added if desired. Connect up as shown. --Contributed by Chas. H. Boyd, Philadelphia. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Simple Water Rheostat [43]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7104\absh-5568\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56481\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1d6559fa.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wiring Plan for Water Rheostat}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The materials necessary are: One 5-point wood-base switch, 4 jars, some sheet copper or brass for plates, about 5 ft. of rubber-covered wire, and some No. 18 gauge wire for the wiring. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The size of the jars depends on the voltage. If you are going to use a current of low tension, as from bat\-teries, the jars need not be very large, but if you intend to use the electric \-light current of 110 voltage it will be necessary to use large jars o
r wooden boxes made watertight, which will hold about 6 or 7 gal. Each jar to be filled with 20 parts water to 1 part sulphuric acid. Jars are set in a row in some convenient place out of the way. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Next cut out eight copper or brass disks, two for each jar. Their size also depends on the voltage. The disks that are placed in the lower part of the jars are connected with a rubber \-covered wire extending a little above the top of the jar. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To wire the apparatus, refer to the sketch and you will see that jar No. 1 is connected to point No. 1 on switch; No. 2, on No. 2, and so on until all is complete and we have one remaining point on switch. Above the jars place a wire to suspend the other o
r top disks in the solution. This wire is also con\-nected to one terminal on the motor and to remaining point on switch. The arm of the switch is connected to one terminal of battery, or source of cur\-rent, and the other terminal connected direct to remain
ing terminal of motor. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Put arm of switch on point No. 1 and lower one of the top disks in jar No. 1 and make contact with wire above jars. The current then will flow through the motor. The speed for each point can be determined by low\-ering top disks in jars. The top disk in jar
 No. 2 is lower down than in No. 1 and so on for No. 3 and No. 4. The connection between point No. 5 on switch, direct to wire across jars, gives full current and full speed.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\b How to Build a Toboggan Sled [44]  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111 By A. BOETTE }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The first object of the builder of a sled should be to have a "winner" both in speed and appearance. The accompanying instructions for build\-ing a sled are designed to produce these results. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sled completed should be 15 ft. 2 in. long by 22 in. wide, with the cush\-ion about 15 in. above the ground. For the baseboard select a pine board 15 ft. long, 11 in. wide and 2 in. thick, and plane it on all edges. Fit up the baseboard with ten oak foo
t-rests 22 in. long, 3 in. wide and 3/4 in. thick. Fasten them on the under side of the baseboard at right angles to its length and 16 in. apart, beginning at the rear. At the front 24 or 26 in. will be left without cross bars for fitting on the auto front
. On the upper side of the cross bars at their ends on each side screw a piece of oak 1 in. square by 14 ft. long. On the upper side of the baseboard at its edge on each side screw an oak strip 3 in. wide by 3/4 in. thick and the length of the sled from th
e back to the auto front. These are to keep the cushion from falling out. See Fig. 1. For the back of the sled use the upper part of a child's high chair, taking out the spindles and re\-setting them in the rear end of the baseboard. Cover up the outside of
 the spindles with a piece of galvanized iron. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The construction of the runners is shown by Figs. 2 and 3. The stock required for them is oak, two pieces 30 in. by 5 in. by 1-1/4 in., two pieces 34 in. by 5 in. by 1-1/4 in., two pieces 14 in. by 6 in. by 2 in., and four pieces 14 in. by 2 in. by 1 in. T
hey should be put together with large screws about 3 in. long. Use no nails, as they are not sub\-stantial enough. In proportioning them the points A, B and C, Fig. 2, are im\-portant. For the front runners these measurements are: A, 30 in.; B, 4 in.; C, 15-
1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex84\i  }{\charscalex106 in., and for the rear runners: A,}{\charscalex78\f4  }{\charscalex106 34 in.; B, 7 in. ; C, 16-1/2}{\charscalex84\i  }{\charscalex106 in. The screw eyes indicated must be placed in a straight line and the holes for them carefully centered. A variation of 1/16 in. one way or another would cause a great deal of trouble. For
 the steel runners use 3/8 in. cold-rolled steel flat\-tened at the ends for screw holes. Use no screws on the running surface, how\-ever, as they "snatch" the ice. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The mechanism of the front steering gear is shown at Fig. 3. A 3/4-in. steel rod makes a good steering rod. Flat\-ten the steering rod at one end and sink it into the wood. Hold it in place by means of an iron plate drilled to receive the rod and screwed to
 block X. An iron washer, Z, is used to re\-duce friction; bevel block K to give a rocker motion. Equip block X with screw eyes, making them clear those in the front runner, and bolt through. For the rear runner put a block with screw eyes on the baseboard 
and run a bolt through. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Construct the auto front (Fig. 4) of  3/4-in. oak boards. The illustration shows how to shape it. Bevel it to\-ward all sides and keep the edges sharp, as sharp edges are best suited for the brass trimmings which are to be added. When the auto front is in p
lace enamel the sled either a dark maroon or a creamy white. First sandpaper all the wood, then apply a coat of thin enamel. Let stand for three days and apply another coat. Three coats of enamel and one of thin varnish will make a fine-looking sled. For t
he brass trimmings use No. 27 B. & S. sheet brass 1 in. wide on all the front edges and pieces 3 in. square on the cross bars to rest the feet against. On the door of the auto front put the monogram of the owner or owners of the sled, cutting it out of she
et brass. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For the steering-wheel procure an old freight-car "brake" wheel, brass \-plated. Fasten a horn, such as used on automobiles, to the wheel. }
\par 
\pard\plain\absw7344\absh2629\dfrmtxtx181\nowrap\pvpara\posy690\phcol\posx0{\*\flymaincnt224\flyvert52064\flyhorz19456\flyanchor0\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2e25a46e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make the cushion of leather and stuff it with hair. The best way is to get some strong, cheap material, such as burlap, sew up one end and make in }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\pard\plain\absw7465\absh3116\dfrmtxtx181\nowrap\pvpara\posy0\phcol\posx0{\*\flymaincnt224\flyvert54496\flyhorz19456\flyanchor0\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1b120c60.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Construction a "Winner" Toboggan Sled }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 the form of an oblong bag. Stuff this as tightly as possible with hair. Then get some upholstery buttons, fasten a cord through the loop, bring the cord through to the underside of the cush\-ion, and fasten the button by slipping a nail through the knot. Th
en put a leather covering over the burlap, sew\-ing it to the burlap on the under side. Make the cushion for the back in the same way. On top of the cushion supports run a brass tube to serve the double purpose of holding the cushion down and affording some
thing to hold }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 on }{\charscalex114 to. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If desired, bicycle lamps may be fastened to the front end, to improve the appearance, and it is well to have a light of some kind at the back to avoid the danger of rear-end collisions. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The door of the auto front should be hinged and provided with a lock so that skates, parcels, overshoes, lunch, etc. may}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex91  }{\charscalex106 be stowed within. A silk pennant with a monogram adds to the appearance. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 If desired, a brake may be added to the sled. This can be a wrought-iron lever 1-1/2 in. by 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. by 30 in. long, so pivoted that moving the handle will cause the end to scrape the ice. This sled can be made without lamps and horn at a cost of about $15,
 or with these for }$25, {\charscalex106 and the pleasure derived from it well repays the builder. If the expense is greater than one can af\-ford, a number of boys may share in the ownership. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Burning Inscriptions on Trees }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Scrape off the bark just enough to come to the first light under coating, which is somewhat moist. With a lead pencil make an outline of the in\-scription to be burnt on the tree and bring, the rays of a large magnifying glass not quite to a fine focus on t
he same. The tree will be burnt along the }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 pencil marks, and if the glass is not held in one spot too long, the inscrip\-tion will be burnt in as evenly as if it had been written. --Contributed by Stewart H. Leland, Lexington, Ill. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Small Gearwheels Without a Lathe [46] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make small models sundry small gears and racks are required, either cut for the place or by using the parts from an old clock. With no other tools than a hacksaw, some files, a compass, }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3408\absh-2808\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32513\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2a9e04f8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Making Model Wheels }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and with the exercise of a little pa\-tience and moderate skill, very good teeth may be cut on blank wheels. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 First take the case of a small gear\-wheel, say }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex142 1 }{\charscalex107 in. outside diameter and 1/16 in. thick, with twenty-four teeth. Draw a circle on paper, the same di\-ameter as the wheel. Divide the cir\-cumference into the number of parts desired, by drawing diameters, Fig
. }{\charscalex115 1. }{\charscalex107 The distance AB will be approxi\-mately the pitch. Now describe a smaller circle for the base of the teeth and halfway between these circles may be taken as the pitch circle. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now describe a circle the same size as the largest circle on a piece of 1/16-in. sheet metal, and having cut it out and filed it up to this circle, fasten the marked-out paper circle accurately over it with glue. Saw-cuts can now be made down the diameters
 to the smaller circle with the aid of a saw guide, Fig. 2, made from 1/16-in. mild steel or iron. This guide should have a beveled edge, E, from F to G, to lay along the line on which the saw-cut is to be made. The straight-edge, CD, should be set back on
e-half the thickness of the saw-blades, so that the center of the blade, when flat against it, will be over the line FG. A small clearance space, FC, must be made to allow the teeth of the saw to pass. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The guide should then be placed along one of the diameters and held in position until gripped in the vise, Fig. 3. The first tooth may now be cut, care being taken to keep the blade of the saw flat up to the guiding edge. The Model Engineer, London, says i
f this is done and the saw-guide well made, the cut will be central on the line, and if the marking-out is cor\-rect the teeth will be quite uniform all the way round. A small ward file will be needed to finish off the teeth to their proper shape and thickn
ess. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In making a worm wheel the cuts must be taken in a sloping direction, the slope and pitch depending on the slope and pitch of the worm thread, which, though more difficult, may also be cut with a hacksaw and file. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A bevel wheel should be cut in the same manner as the spur wheel, but the cut should be deeper on the side which has the larger diameter. To cut a rack the pitch should be marked along the side, and the guide and saw used as before (Fig. 4). }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Four Pictures on One Plate [46]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure two extra slides for the plate\- holders and cut one corner out on one }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3302\absh-1574\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_76a81f45.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Four Photos on One Plate}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 of them, as shown in Fig. 1. Make a hole in the other, as shown in Fig. 2. With a lead pencil draw on the ground }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 glass one line vertical and one hori\-zontal, each in the center. This will divide the ground glass into four equal parts.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Focus the camera in the usual man\-ner, but get the picture desired to fill only one of the parts on the ground glass. Place the plate-holder in posi\-tion and draw the regular slide; sub\-stitute one of the slides prepared and expose in the usual way. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a small picture is to be made in the lower left-hand corner of the plate, place the prepared slide with the cor\-ner cut, as shown in Fig. 1. The slide may be turned over for the upper left \-hand corner and then changed for slide shown in Fig. 2 for the 
upper and lower right-hand corners. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Electric Blue-Light Experiment  [47]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1899\absh-1536\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert45025\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m33c0b27f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take a jump-spark coil and connect it up with a battery and start the vibra\-tor. Then take one outlet wire, R, and connect to one side of a 2-cp. electric lamp, and the other outlet wire, B, hold in one hand, and press all fingers of the other hand on }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 globe at point A. A bright, blue light will come from the wires in the lamp to the surface of the globe where the fingers touch. No shock will be per\-ceptible. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain {\listtext\pard\plain \li360\ri0\lin360\rin0\fi-360\fs20\f0\fs20\langfe1033\f0\fs20\charscalex105\sl-1\slmult0 B.}\ilvl0 \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105\sl-1\slmult0{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ls0\li360\ri0\lin360\rin0\fi-360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex105\fs20{\b Interesting Electrical Experiment}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex105\fs20\fs20  [47]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The materials necessary for perform\-ing this experiment are: Telephone re\-ceiver, transmitter, some wire and some carbons, either the pencils for arc lamps, or ones taken from old dry bat\-teries will do. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Run a line from the inside of the house to the inside of some other build\-ing and fasten it to one terminal of the receiver. To the other terminal fasten another piece of wire and ground it on the water faucet in the house. If there is no faucet in the hou
se, ground it with a large piece of zinc. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fasten the other end to one terminal of the transmitter and from the other terminal of the same run a wire into the ground. The ground here should consist either of a large piece of carbon, or several pieces bound tightly to\-gether.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3341\absh-2304\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32577\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_56050935.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Unique Battery }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 If a person speak into the trans\-mitter, one at the receiver can hear what is said, even though there are no batteries in the circuit. It is a well \-known fact that two telephone receivers connected up in this way will transmit words between two persons, f
or the voice vibrating the diaphragm causes an inductive current to flow and the other receiver copies these vibra\-tions. But in this experiment, a trans\-mitter which induces no current is used. Do the carbon and the zinc and the moist earth form a battery
?\- --Contributed by Wm. J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex105 Slattery, Ems\-worth, Pa. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Cheap Fire Alarm [47] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An electrical device for the barn that will give an alarm in case of fire is shown in the accompanying diagram. A is a wooden block, which is fastened under the loft at a gable end of the barn; B is an iron weight attached to the string C, and this string 
passes up through the barn to the roof, then over a hook or pulley and across the barn, under the gable, and is fastened to the opposite end of the barn. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 D D are binding posts for electric wires. They have screw ends, as shown, by which means they are fas\-tened to the wooden block A. They also hold the brass piece E and the }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 strip of spring brass F in place against the wooden block. G is a leather strap fast
ened to the weight B and the spring F connected to the latter by a small sink bolt. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3480\absh-2554\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62337\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m355a8bc1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Fire Alarm }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 At the house an electric bell is placed wherever convenient. Several battery cells, of course, are also needed. Dry batteries are most convenient. The battery cells and bell are connected in the usual manner, and one wire from the bell and one from the bat
tery are strung to the barn and connected to the binding posts D D. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a fire occurs in the hay-mow the blaze will generally shoot toward the gable soon after it starts, and will then burn the string C, which allows the weight B to fall and pull the brass spring against the iron piece E, which closes the circuit and rings 
the bell in the house. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If desired, the string may be stretched back and forth under the roof several times or drawn through any place that is in danger of fire. --Contrib\-uted by Geo. B. Wrenn, Ashland, Ohio. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Small Electric Furnace [48]  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take a block of wood and shape into a core. One like a loaf of bread, and about that size, serves admirably. Wrap a layer of asbestos around it and cover this with a thin layer of plaster-\-of-paris. When the plaster is nearly dry wind a coil of No. 36 wire
 around it, taking care that the wire does not touch itself anywhere. Put another }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 course of plaster-of-paris on this, and again wind the wire around it. Con\-tinue the process of alternate layers of plaster and wire until 500 ft. or more of the latter has been used, leaving about 10 in. at each end for terminals. Then set the whole core 
away to dry. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For a base use a pine board 10 in. by 12 in. by 1 in. Bore four holes at one end for binding-posts, as indicated by E E. Connect the holes in pairs by ordinary house fuse wire. At one side secure two receptacles, B B, and one single post switch, C. Place a
nother switch at I and another binding-post at F. The oven is now ready to be connected.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Withdraw the wooden core from the coils of wire and secure the latter by bands of tin to the board. Connect the ends of the wire to binding-posts E and F, as shown. From the other set of binding-posts, E, run a No. 12 or No. 14 wire, connecting lamp recep\-
tacles, B B, and switch, C, in parallel. Connect these three to switch, D, in se\-ries with binding-post, F, the terminal of the coil. Place 16-cp. lights in the receptacles and connect the fuses with a 110-volt lighting circuit. The appa\-ratus is now ready
 for operation. Turn on switch, D, and the lamps, while C is open. The coil will commence to become warm, soon drying out the plaster-of-paris. To obtain more heat }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3480\absh-2678\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62305\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_41155595.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Furnace}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 open one lamp, and to obtain still more open the other and close switch C. --Contributed by Eugene Tuttles, Jr., Newark, Ohio. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Ammeter [49] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Every amateur mechanic who per\-forms electrical experiments will find use for an ammeter, and for the bene\-fit of those who wish to construct such an instrument the following descrip\-tion is given: The operative principle }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6912\absh-3418\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62273\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m73e3a4c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Complete Ammeter and Details }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 of this instrument is the same as that of a galvanometer, except that its working position is not confined to the magnetic meridian. This is accom\-plished by making the needle revolve in a vertical instead of a horizontal plane. The only adjustment neces\-s
ary is that of leveling, which is ac\-complished by turning the thumb\-screw shown at A, Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex120 1, }{\charscalex107 until the hand points to zero on the scale. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 First make a support, Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs202, {\charscalex107 by bending a piece of sheet brass to the shape indicated and tapping for the screws CC}{\f4 . }{\charscalex107 These should have hol\-low ends, as shown, for the purpose of receiving the pivoted axle which sup\-ports the hand. The core, Fig. 3, is mad
e of iron. It is 1 in. long, 1/4}{\charscalex63  }{\charscalex107 in. wide and 1/8 in. thick. At a point a little above the center, drill a hole as shown at }{\charscalex116 H, }{\charscalex107 and through this hole drive a piece of knitting-needle about 1/2 in. long, or long enough to reach between the two screws shown i
n Fig. }2. {\charscalex107 The ends of this small axle should be ground pointed and should turn easily in the cavities, as the sensitiveness of the instrument depends on the ease with which this axle turns. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 After assembling the core as shown in Fig. 4, it should be filed a little at one end until it assumes the position indicated. The pointer or hand, Fig. 5, is made of wire, aluminum being preferable for this purpose, although copper or steel will do. Make t
he wire 4-1/2 in. long and make a loop, D, 1/2 in. from the lower end. Solder to the short end a piece of brass, E, of such weight that it will exactly balance the weight of the hand. This is slipped on the pivot, and the whole thing is again placed in pos
ition in the support. If the pointer is correctly balanced it should take the position shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex112 1, }{\charscalex107 but if it is not exactly right a little filing will bring it near enough so that it may be corrected by the adjusting-\-screw. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Next make a brass frame as shown in Fig. 6. This may be made of wood, although brass is better, as the eddy currents set up in a conductor sur\-rounding a magnet tend to stop oscil\-lation of the magnet. (The core is magnetized when a current flows through t
he instrument.) The brass frame is wound with magnet wire, the size depending on the number of am\-peres to be measured. Mine is wound with two layers of No. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex112 14 }{\charscalex107 wire, }{\charscalex112 10 }{\charscalex107 turns to each layer, and is about right }{\charscalex108 for ordinary experimental purposes. The ends of
 the wire are fastened to the binding posts B and C, Fig. 1. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A wooden box, D, is then made and provided with a glass front. A piece of paper is pasted on a piece of wood, which is then fastened in the box in such a position that the hand or pointer will lie close to the paper scale. The box is 5-1/2 in. high, 4 in. 
wide and 1-3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. deep, inside measurements. After everything is assembled put a drop of solder on the loop at D, Fig. 5, to prevent it turning on the axle. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To calibrate the instrument connect as shown in Fig. 7, where A is the homemade ammeter; B, a standard ammeter; C, a variable resistance, and D, a battery, consisting of three or more cells connected in multiple. Throw in enough resistance to make the stan
dard instrument read 1 ohm [sic: ampere]  and then put a mark on the paper scale of the instrument to be calibrated. Continue in this way with 2 amperes, 3 amperes, 4 amperes, etc., until the scale is full. To make a voltmeter out of this instrument, wind 
with plenty of No. 36 magnet wire instead of No. 14, or if it is desired to make an instrument for measuring both volts and amperes, use both windings and connect to}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 two pairs of binding posts. --Contributed by J.E. Dussault, Montreal.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex106 How }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex108 to Make a Three-Way Cock for Small Model-Work [50]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1992\absh-2064\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62241\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7cf35291.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In making models of machines it is often necessary to contrive some meth\-od for a 3- or 4\--way valve or cock. To make one, secure a pet cock and drill and tap hole through, as shown in the cut. If for 3-way, drill in only to the open\-ing already through, b
ut if for a 4-way, drill through the entire case and valve. Be sure to have valve B turned so as to drill at right angles to the opening through it. After drilling, remove the valve, take off the burr with a piece of emery paper and replace ready for work.
 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Easy Experiments with Electric-Light Circuit [50] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An electric-light circuit will be found much less expensive than batteries for performing electrical experiments. The sketch shows how a small arc light and motor may be connected to the light socket, A. The light is removed and a plug with wire connection
s is put in its place. One wire runs to the switch, B, and the other connects with the water rheostat, which is used for re\-ducing the current. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3504\absh-2227\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62209\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_655984d0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Arc-Light Motor and Water Rheostat }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A tin can, C is}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex70  }{\charscalex108 filled nearly to the top with salt water, and a metal rod, D, is passed through a piece of wood fastened at the top of the can. When the metal rod is lowered the current in\-creases, and as it is withdrawn the cur\-rent grows weaker. In this 
way the }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 desired amount of current can be ob\-tained. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 By connecting the motor, E, and the arc light, F, as shown, either one may be operated by turning switch B to the corresponding point. The arc light is easily made by fastening two electric \-light carbons in a wooden frame like that shown. To start the lig
ht, turn the current on strong and bring the points of the carbons together; then separate slightly by twisting the upper carbon and at the same time drawing it through the hole. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Interrupter [51] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Wenult interrupter is an in\-strument much used on large coils and is far more efficient than the usual }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3528\absh-3096\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62177\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5fa39a7a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Interrupter }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 form of vibrators. It can also be used with success on small coils as well as large. Although it is a costly instru\-ment to purchase, it can be made with practically no expense and the con\-struction is very simple. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 First procure a wide-mouthed bottle about 4 in. high, provided with a rubber stopper. This stopper should be pierced, making two holes about 1/4 in. in diameter. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 From a sheet of lead 1/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex88\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. in thickness }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4723\absh-2189\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62145\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m39463c96.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Completed Instrument }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 cut a piece shaped like A, Fig. 1. Common tea lead folded several times will serve the purpose. When in the bottle this lead should be of such a size that it will only reach half way around, as shown in B. To insert the lead plate, roll it up so it will pa
ss through the neck of the bottle, then smooth it out with a small stick until it fits against the side, leaving the small strip at the top projecting through the neck of the bottle. Bend this strip to one side and fit in the stopper, as shown in C. A smal
l binding-post is fastened at the end of the strip. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Having fixed the lead plate in posi\-tion, next get a piece of glass tube having a bore of about 1/32 of an inch in diameter. A piece of an old ther\-mometer tube will serve this purpose. Insert this tube in the hole in the stopper farthest from the lead pla
te. Get a piece of wire that will fit the tube and about 6 in. long, and fasten a small binding-post on one end and stick the other into the tube. This wire should fit the hole in the tube so it can be easily moved. In the hole near\-est the lead plate inse
rt a small glass funnel. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The interrupter as it is when com\-plete is shown at D, Fig. 1. Having finished the interrupter, connect it with the electric-light circuit as shown in Fig. 2. Fill the bottle with water to about the line as shown in D, Fig. 1. Adjust the wire in the small 
glass tube so that it projects about 1/8 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex56  }{\charscalex109 in. Add sulphuric acid until the water level rises about 1/16 in. Turn on the current and press the button, B. If all adjustments are correct, there will be a loud crackling noise from the interrup\-ter, a violet fl
ame will appear at the end of the wire and a hot spark will pass between the secondary terminals. If the interrupter does not work at first, add more sulphuric acid through the funnel and press the wire down a }{\charscalex107 little more into the liquid. A piece of wood, 
A, Fig. 2, should be inserted in vibrator to prevent it from working.\- --Contributed by Harold L. Jones, Carthage, N. Y. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Miniature "Pepper's Ghost" Illusion [52]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Probably many readers have seen a "Pepper's Ghost" illusion at some amusement place. As there shown, the audience is generally seated in a dark room at the end of which there is a stage with black hangings. One of the audience is invited onto the stage, wh
ere he is placed in an upright open }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6912\absh-4051\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56513\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3f4ec4d6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 coffin. A white shroud is thrown over his body, and his clothes and flesh gradually fade away till nothing but his skeleton remains, which imme\-diately begins to dance a horrible rattling jig. The skeleton then fades away and the man is restored again. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A simple explanation is given in the Model Engineer. Between the audi\-ence and the coffin is a sheet of trans\-parent glass, inclined at an angle so as to reflect objects located behind the scenes, but so clear as to be invisible to the audience and the man
 in the coffin. At the beginning the stage is lighted only from behind the glass. Hence the coffin and its occupant are seen through the glass very plainly. The lights in front of the glass (behind the scenes) are now raised very gradu\-ally as those behind
 the glass are turned down, until it is dark there. The perfectly black surface behind the glass now acts like the silver backing for a mirror, and the object upon which the light is now turned--in this case the skeleton--is reflected in the glass, ap\-pear
ing to the audience as if really oc\-cupying the stage. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The model, which requires no special skill except that of carpentry, is con\-structed as shown in the drawings.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The box containing the stage should be 14 in. by 7 in. by 7-1/2 in., inside dimensions. The box need not be made of particularly good wood, as the en\-tire interior, with the exception of the glass, figures and lights, should be colored a dull black. This c
an well be done by painting with a solution of lampblack in turpentine. If every\-thing is not black, especially the joints and background near A, the illusion will be spoiled. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The glass should be the clearest pos\-sible, and must be thoroughly cleansed. Its edges should nowhere be visible, and }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 it should be free from scratches and imperfections. The figure A should be a doll about 4 in. high, dressed in bril\-liant, light-colored g
arments. The skeleton is made of papier mach}\'e9{\charscalex108 , and can be bought at Japanese stores. It should preferably be one with arms suspended by small spiral springs, giving a limp, loose-jointed effect. The method of causing the skeleton to dance is shown in the f
ront view. The figure is hung from the neck by a blackened stiff wire attached to the hammer wire of an electric bell, from which the gong has been removed. When the bell works he will kick against the rear wall, and wave his arms up and down, thus giving 
as realistic a dance as any\-one, could expect from a skeleton. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The lights, L and M, should be min\-iature electric lamps, which can be run by three dry cells. They need to give a fairly strong light, especially L, which should have a conical tin re\-flector to increase its brilliancy and prevent its being reflected in t
he glass. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Since the stage should be some dis\-tance from the audience, to aid the illusion, the angle of the glass and the inclination of the doll, A, has been so designed that if the stage is placed on a mantle or other high shelf, the image of A will appear upright
 to an observer sitting in a chair some dis\-tance away, within the limits of an or\-dinary room. If it is desired to place the box lower down, other angles for the image and glass may be found nec\-essary, but the proper tilt can be found readily by experime
nt. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The electric connections are so sim\-ple that they are not shown in the drawings. All that is necessary is a two-point switch, by which either L or M can be placed in circuit with the battery, and a press button in circuit with the bell and its cell. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a gradual transformation is de\-sired, a double-pointed rheostat could be used, so that as one light dims the other increases in brilliancy, by the in\-sertion and removal of resistance coils. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With a clear glass and a dark room this model has proved to be fully as bewildering as its prototype. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Experiment with Colored Electric Lamps [53] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To many the following experiment may be much more easily performed than explained: Place the hand or other object in the light coming from two incandescent lamps, one red and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2266\absh-2726\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57857\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_78a01d3c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two-Colored Hand }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 one white, placed about a foot apart, and allow the shadow to fall on a white screen such as a table-cloth. Portions of the shadow will then appear to be a bright green. A similar experiment consists in first turning on the red light for about a minute and
 then turn\-ing it off at the same time that the white one is turned on. The entire screen will then appear to be a vivid green for about one second, after which it assumes its normal color. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Explode Powder with Electricity [53] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A 1-in. hole was bored in the center of a 2-in. square block. Two finishing\- nails were driven in, as shown in the sketch. These were con\-nected to termi\-nals of an induc\-tion coil. After everything was ready the pow\-der was poured in the hole and a board 
weighted with rocks placed over the block. When the button is pressed }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1896\absh-1992\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57889\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m51c255d4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 or the circuit closed in some other way the discharge occurs. The distance between the nail points--which must be bright and clean--should be just enough to give a good, fat spark. --\-Contributed by Geo. W. Fry, San Jose, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20Cal. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Simple Wireless System [54] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The illustrations will make plain a simple and inexpensive apparatus for }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7176\absh-2976\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m459ed842.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Simple Wireless System}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 wireless telegraphy by which I have had no difficulty in sending messages across 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72\i  }{\charscalex108 miles of water surface. It is so simple that the cuts scarcely need explanation. In Fig. 1 is seen the send\-ing apparatus, consisting of a 40-cell battery connected with
 two copper plates 36 by 36 by }1/8 {\charscalex108 in. The plates are separated 6 in. by a piece of hard rubber at each end. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In Fig. 2 are seen duplicates of these insulated plates, connected with an ordinary telephone receiver. With this receiver I can hear distinctly the electric signals made by closing and opening the Morse key in Fig. 1, and I believe that in a short time I 
shall be able to perfect this system so as to send wireless messages over long distances. --Contributed by Dudley H. Cohen, New York. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Stop Crawling Water Colors [54]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To prevent water colors from crawl\-ing, add a few drops of ammonia or lime water, or a solution of sal soda. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Small Electrical Hydrogen Generator [54] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A small hydrogen generator may be made from a fruit jar, A (see sketch), with two tubes, B and C, soldered in the top. The plates E can be made of tin or galvanized iron, and should be separated about 1/8 in. by small pieces of wood. One of these plates is
 con\-nected to metal top, and the wire from the other passes through the tube B, which is filled with melted rosin or wax, to make it airtight. This wire connects to one side of a battery of two cells, the other wire being soldered to the metal top of the 
jar, as shown. The jar is partly filled with a very dilute solution of sulphuric acid, about 1 part of acid to 20 of water. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the current of electricity passes between the plates E, hydrogen gas is generated, which rises and passes through the rubber hose D, into the receiver G. This is a wide-mouth bot\-tle, which is filled with water and in\-verted over a pan of water, F. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3245\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_9ee56ce.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hydrogen Generator }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The gas }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 bubbling up displaces the water and fills the bottle. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the receiver is removed when half full of gas, the remaining space will be filled with air, which will mix with the gas and form an explosive mixture. If a lighted match is then held near the mouth of the bottle a sharp report will be heard. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the bottle is fitted with a cork containing two wires nearly touching, and the apparatus connected with an induction coil, in such a manner that a spark will be produced inside the bot\-tle, the explosion will blowout the cork or possibly break the bottl
e. Caution should be used to avoid being struck by pieces of flying glass if this experi\-ment is tried, and under no condition should a lighted match or spark be brought near the end of the rubber hose D, as the presence of a little air in the generator wi
ll make an explosive mixture which would probably break the jar.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Gasoline Burner for Model Work [55] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When making a small model trac\-tion engine or a locomotive the ques\-tion arises, "What shall the fuel be?" If you have decided to use gasoline, then a suitable burner is necessary. A piece of brass tubing about 3 in. in diameter and 6 in. long with caps sc
rewed on both ends and fitted with a filling plug and a bicycle valve makes a good gasoline supply tank, says the Model Engineer, London. The bicycle valve is used to give the tank an air pressure which forces the gasoline to the burner. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The burner is made from a piece of brass tube, A, as is shown in the illus\-tration, 1/2 in. in diameter and 2-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex69\i  }{\charscalex106 in. long, which is plugged up at both ends, one end being drilled and reamed out to 5/16}{\charscalex155\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. Three rows of holes 1/16}{\charscalex155\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. in diameter are dril
led in the brass tube. One row is drilled to come directly on top, and the other two at about 45 degrees from the vertical. It is then fitted to a sheet \-steel base, B, by means of the clips, C C, Fig. 1. A piece of 1/8-in. copper  pipe, P, is then coiled 
around the brass tube, A, which forms the vaporizing coil. This coil should have a diameter }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3662\absh-1709\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59201\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4fb2d58c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gasoline Burner}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 of only 1 in. One end of the copper tube is bent around so it will point di\-rectly into the reamed-out hole in the end of the brass tube, A.  A nipple, N, is made by drilling a 1/8-in. hole half\-way through a piece of brass and tap\-ping to screw on the end
 of the 1/8-in. copper pipe. A 1/64-in. hole is then drilled through the remaining part of the nipple. The other end of the cop\-per tube is connected to the supply tank. The distance between the nip\-ple, N, and the ends of the tube, A, should be only 5/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex155\f4  }
{\charscalex106 of an inch. Fig. 2 shows the end view. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Homemade Telephone Receiver [55]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 A telephone receiver that will do good work may be built very cheaply as follows: For the case use an ordi\-nary 1/2-lb. baking-powder box with a piece of heavy wire soldered on the in\-side, 1-5/16 in. from the bottom. For the mag\-net use a piece of round h
ardened steel about 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. in diam\-eter and 1-1/4 in. long. If desired, a piece of an old round file may be used for the mag\-net core, which should be magnetized previ\-ous to assembling, either by passing a current of electric\-ity around it, or}{\charscalex107\f4  }{\charscalex106 by direct 
contact with another magnet. The steel core should be wound with about 250 ft. of No. 36 insulated wire, the ends of which should be soldered to a piece of }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1536\absh-2861\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22753\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3c558aa1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 lamp cord, passed through a hole in the bottom of the can and knotted in\-side to prevent pulling out. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A disk of thin sheet-iron, such as is used by photographers for tintypes (Ferrotype), should be cut to the di\-ameter of the can, taking care not to bend the iron. The magnet should then be placed in the bottom of the can in an upright position and enough o
f a melted mixture of beeswax and resin poured in to hold it in position. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 While the wax is still in a plastic condition the magnet should be located centrally and adjusted so that the end will be 1/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex108 in. or less below the level of the top of the copper ring. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the wax has hardened the disk is slipped in and fastened tightly by a ring of solder when the instrument is ready for use. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex91{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Bind Magazines [56] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An easy way to bind Popular Me\-chanics in volumes of six months each is to arrange the magazines in order and tie them securely both ways with a strong cord. It is well to put two or three sheets of tough white paper, cut to the size of the pages, at the f
ront and back for fly leaves. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Clamp the whole in a vise or clamp with two strips of wood even with the back edges of the magazines. With a sharp saw cut a slit in the magazines and wood strips about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex63  }{\charscalex108 in. deep and slanting as shown at A and B, Fig. 1. Take two strips of stout cloth, 
about 8 or 10 in. long and as wide as the distance between the bot\-toms of the sawed slits. Lay these over the back edge of the pack and tie securely through the slits with a string thread--wrapping and tying several times (C, Fig. 2). }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 If you have access to a printer's paper knife, trim both ends and the front edge; this makes a much nicer book,}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex85\b  }{\charscalex108 but if the paper knife cannot be used, clamp the whole between two boards and saw off the edges, boards and all, smoothly, with a fine saw. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Cut four pieces of cardboard, 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex61  }{\charscalex108 in. longer and 1/4}{\charscalex61  }{\charscalex108 in. narrower than the magazines after they have been trimmed. Lay one piece of the board on the book and under the cloth strips. Use ordinary flour paste and paste the strips to the cardboard and then ru
b paste all over the top of the strips and the board. Rub paste over one side of another piece of board and put it on top of the first board and strips, press\-ing down firmly so that the strips are held securely between the two boards. Turn the book over a
nd do the same with the other two boards.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the paste has dried a few minutes take a piece of strong cloth, duck or linen, fold and cut it 1 in. larger all around than the book, leav\-ing the folded edge uncut. Rub paste over one of the board backs and lay one end of the cloth on it, smoothing 
and creasing as shown at A, Fig. 3. Turn the book over and paste the other side. The back edges should have a good coat of paste and a strip of paper }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4771\absh-2976\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2f9e1ef1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Process of Homemade Binding }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the width of the thickness of the pack pasted on before pasting the cloth to the second board back. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut off the corners and fold over the edges of the cloth, pasting them down (Fig. 4). Rub paste on one side of a fly leaf and press the back down on it. Turn the book over and paste a fly leaf to the other back after the edges of the cloth have been folded
 down. The backs must not be opened until the fly leaves are thoroughly dry. Trim and tuck in the ends of the strip at the back edge. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When fixed this way your magazines make one of the most valuable vol\-umes you can possibly add to your library of mechanical books. --Contrib\-uted by Joseph N. Parker, Bedford City, Va. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Homemade Acetylene-Gas Generator [57] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A simple acetylene-gas generator used by myself for several years when }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1934\absh-2290\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert47713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m43d7817f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 out on camping trips was made of a galvanized \-iron tank, with\-out a head, 18 in. in diameter and 30 in. deep, B, as shown in the sketch. Another tank, A, is made the same depth as B, but its diameter is a little smaller, so that inverted it will just slip
 easily into the tank B. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90 In }{\charscalex108 the bottom, or rather the top now, of tank A is cut a hole, and a little can, D, is fitted in it and soldered. On top and over can D is soldered a large tin can screw. A rubber washer is fitted on this so that when the screw top
, E, is}{\charscalex70  }{\charscalex108 turned on it, the joint will be gas \-tight. Another can, C, which will just slip inside the little can, is perforated with a number of holes. This can C is filled about half full of broken pieces of carbide and then placed in the little can D. A ga
s cock, H, is soldered onto tank A, as shown, from which the gas may be taken through a rubber tube. Fill tank B with water and set tank A into it. This will cause some air to be enclosed, which can be released by leaving the cock open until tank A settles
 down to the point where the water will begin to run in the perfora\-tions of the little tank. The water then comes in contact with the carbide and forms gas, which expands and stops the lowering of tank A. Then the cock must be closed and tubing at\-tached.
 It is dangerous to attempt to strike a match to light a  jet or the end of the cock while air is escaping and just as the first gas is being made. Wait until the tank is well raised up before doing this. --Contributed by James E. Noble, Toronto, Ont. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Annunciator [57]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When one electric bell is operated from two push-buttons it is impossible to tell which of the two push-buttons is being operated unless an annuncia\-tor or similar device is used. A very simple annunciator for indicating two numbers can be made from a smal
l box, Fig. 1, with an electric-bell magnet, A, fastened in the bottom. The arma\-ture, B, is pivoted in the center by means of a small piece of wire and has an indicator or hand, C, which moves to either right or left, depending on which half of the magnet
 is magnet\-ized. If the back armature, D, of the magnet is removed the moving arma\-ture will work better, as this will pre\-vent the magnetism from acting on both ends of the armature. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The wiring diagram, Fig. 2, shows how the connections are to be made. If the pushbutton A is closed; the bell will ring and the pointer will point at 1,}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3638\absh-3019\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39233\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_24c4e2af.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Annuciator and Wiring Diagram}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-67\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 while the closing of the push-button B will ring the bell and move the pointer to 2. --Contributed by H. S. Bott, Beverly, N. J.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-67\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Box Kite [58] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 As some of the readers of Amateur Mechanics may desire to build a box kite, a simple method of constructing one of the modern type is given in de\-tail as follows: The sticks should be made of straight\- grained wood, which may be either spruce, basswood or 
white pine. The longi\-tudinal corner spines, A A, should be 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex61  }{\charscalex106 in. square by 42 in. long, and the four di\-agonal struts, B, should be 1/4}{\charscalex61\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. by 1/2}{\charscalex64  }{\charscalex106 in., and about 26 in. long. Two cloth bands should be made to the exact dimensions given in the sketch and
 fastened to the four longi\-tudinal sticks with 1 oz.}{\charscalex105\i  }{\charscalex106 tacks. It is well to mark the positions of the sticks on the cloth bands, either with a soft lead-pencil or crayon, in order to have the four sides of each band exactly equal. The ends of the bands shou
ld be lapped over at least 1/2}{\charscalex64  }{\charscalex106 in. and sewed double to give extra strength, and the edges should be carefully hemmed, making the width, when finished, exactly 12 in. Probably the best cloth for this purpose is nainsook, although lonsdale cambric or light\-w
eight percaline will answer nearly as well. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The diagonal struts, B, should be cut a little too long, so that they will be slightly bowed when put in posi\-tion, thus holding the cloth out taut and flat. They should be tied to\-gether at the points of intersection and the ends should be wound with coar
se harness maker's thread, as shown at C, to prevent splitting. The small guards, D, are nailed or glued to the longitudinal sticks to prevent the struts slipping out of position. Of course the ends of the struts could be fastened to the longitudinal strip
s if desired, but if made as described the kite may be readily taken apart and rolled up for convenience in carrying. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bridle knots, E, are shown in detail at H and J. H is a square knot, which may be easily loosened and  shifted to a different position on the bridle, thus adjusting the lengths of F and G. A bowline knot should be tied at J, as shown, to prevent slippi
ng. If the kite is used in a light wind, loosen the square knot and shift nearer to G, thus shortening G and lengthening F, and if a strong wind is blowing, shift toward F, thereby lengthening G and making F shorter. In a very strong wind do not use the br
idle, but fasten a string securely to the stick at K. --Contributed by Edw. E. Harbert, Chicago. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4762\absh-4954\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert42017\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3ece89a2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of Box Kite }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Lubricating a Camera Shutter [58]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An experienced photographer uses blacklead [graphite] for grooves about a camera or holder. A small quantity is rubbed well into the grooves and on the edges of shutters, that refuse to slide easily, with gratifying results. Care must be taken to allow no 
dust to settle in the holders, however. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 Simple {\charscalex107 Open-Circuit Telegraph Line [59]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 By using the circuit shown in the sketch for short-distance telegraph lines, the extra switches and wiring found in many circuits are done away with. Closing either key will operate both sounders, and, as the resistance of }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3662\absh-1714\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert13537\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m23f9d666.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Simple Telegraph Line }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the sounders is very high, the batteries do not run down for a long time. --Con\-tributed by A. D. Stoddard, Clay Cen\-ter, Kan. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Thermo Battery [59] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A thermo battery, for producing electricity direct from heat, can be made of a wooden frame, A, with a number of nails, B, driven in the vertical piece and connected in series with heavy copper wires, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20C. {\charscalex107 The connections should all be soldered to give good 
results, as the voltage is }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3533\absh-3883\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39265\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_60abfec.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Thermo Battery }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 very low and the resistance of an un\-soldered joint would stop the current.  The heat may be supplied by an alcohol lamp or other device, and the current may then be detected by means, of a simple galvanometer consisting of a square spool of No. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex121 14 }{\charscalex107 or No. }
{\charscalex121 16 }{\charscalex107 single-covered wire, E, with a pocket compass, F, placed on top. Turn the spool in a north and south direction, or parallel with the compass needle. Then, when the nail heads are heated and the circuit completed, the needle will swing around it at right
 angles to the coils of wire. Applying ice or cold water to the nail heads will reverse the current. --Contributed by A. }C. A., {\charscalex107 Chicago. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Discharge a Toy Cannon by Electricity [59]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A device for discharging a toy can\-non by electricity can be easily made by using three or four dry batteries, a switch and a small induction coil }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-1843\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert6657\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7083922.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electrical Attachment for Discharging Toy Cannon }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 capable of giving a 1/8-in. spark. Fasten a piece of wood, A, to the cannon, by means of machine screws or, if there are no trunnions on the can\-non, the wood may be made in the shape of a ring and slipped on over the muzzle. The fuse hole of the cannon is
 counterbored as shown and a small hole is drilled at one side to receive a small piece of copper wire, E.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex107 The wood screw, C, nearly touches E}{\charscalex120\f4  }{\charscalex107 and is connected to one binding post of the induction coil. The other bind\-ing post is connected with the wood sc
rew, D, which conducts the current into the cannon, and also holds the pieces of wood, A and }B, {\charscalex107 in position. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the cannon is loaded, a small quantity of powder is placed in the counterbore, and the spark between C and E ignites this and discharges the cannon. A cannon may be fired from a distance in this way, and as there is no danger of any spark remaining af
ter the current is shut off, it is safer than the ordinary cannon which is fired by means of a fuse. --Contributed by Henry Peck, Big Rapids, Mich. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Simple Electric Lock [60]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The illustration shows an automatic lock operated by electricity, requiring a strong magnet, but no weights or strings, which greatly simplifies the device over many others of the kind. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3475\absh-3614\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28417\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m29358977.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lock Operated by a Magnet }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The weight of the long arm, L, is just a trifle greater than the combined weights of the short arms, A and S. The fulcrum of the lever is at C, where there is a staple. The lever swings on one arm of the staple and the other arm is so placed that when the 
lever is in an upright position, with the long arm at L', it will not fall because of its greater weight but stays in the position shown. The purpose of this is to leave the short arm, A, when in position at A', within the reach of the magnet. Arm L rests 
on an L-shaped hook, H; in this position the door is locked. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To unlock the door, press the button, B. The momentum acquired from the magnet by the short arms, A and S, is sufficient to move the long arm up to the position of L'. To lock the door, press the button and the momentum acquired from the magnet by the shor
t arms, now at A' and S', is sufficient to move the long arm down from L' to the position at L. --Contributed by Benjamin Kubelsky, Chicago.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Direct-Connected Reverse for Small Motors [60]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A simple reverse for small motors can be attached directly to the motor as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the construction of the reverse block: A is a strip of walnut 5/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex60  }{\charscalex107 in. square and 3/8}{\charscalex60  }{\charscalex107 in. thick with strips of brass or cop\-per (BB) attached as shown. 
Holes (CC) are drilled for the wire connec\-tions and they must be flush with the surface of the block. A hole for a 1/2 }{\charscalex72 \-}{\charscalex107 in. screw is bored in the block. In Fig. 1, D is a}{\charscalex83  }{\charscalex107 thin strip of walnut or other dense, hard wood fitted to the binding posts of the br
ush holders, to receive the screw in the center. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Before putting the reverse block on the motor, remove all the connections between the lower binding posts and the brush holders and connect both ends of the field coil to the lower posts. Bend the strips BB (Fig. 2) to the proper position to make a wiping 
con\-tact with the nuts holding the strip of wood D, Fig. 1. Put the screw in tight enough to make the block turn a little hard. Connect as shown in the illus\-tration. To reverse, turn the block so the strips change connections and the motor will do the res
t.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --Contributed by Joseph B. Keil, Marion, Ohio. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3571\absh-4171\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27681\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m28df0ee3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Direct-Connected Reverse }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Handy Ice Chisel [61] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fishing through the ice is great sport, but cutting the first holes pre\-paratory to setting the lines is not always an easy task. The ice chisel here described will be found very handy, and may be made at very slight expense. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 In the top of an old ax-head drill a 9/16-in. hole, and then tap it for a 3/8-in. gas-pipe, about }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111 18 }{\charscalex107 in. long. Thread the other end of the pipe, and screw on }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-1334\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27745\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m253dfa9d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Combination Ax and Ice Chisel }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-120\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0   an old snow-shovel handle. When ready for use, screw the two pieces together and you have your chisel complete. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A short ax-handle may be included in the outfit. When the holes are fin\-ished and your lines set, unscrew the pipe from the head of the ax, put in the handle, and your ax is ready to cut the wood to keep your fire going.\- --Contributed by C}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4 . }{\charscalex107 J. Rand, West 
Somerville, Mass. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b More Uses for Pipe Fittings [61] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It would seem that the number of useful articles that can be made from pipes and fittings is unlimited. The sketch shows two more that may be added to the list. A and B are front and side views of a lamp-screen, and C is a dumbbell. The lamp shade is parti
cularly useful for shading the eyes when reading or writing and, if enameled white on the concave side, makes an excellent reflector for draw\-ing at night, or for microscopic work. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The standard and base, consisting of an ordinary pipe flange bushed down to receive the upright nipple, are enam\-eled a jet black, and if the device is to be used on a polished table, a piece of  felt should be glued to the bottom. A good way to hold the f
an in the nipple is to use a small wedge. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The dumbbells are made of short pieces of 3/4-in. pipe with 1-2-in. coup\-lings fastened to each end by pouring melted lead in the space between the pipes and the couplings. The appear\-ance is greatly improved by enameling black, and if desired the handles 
may be covered with leather. --Contributed by }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20C. {\charscalex107 E. Warren, M. D., North Easton, Mass. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3600\absh-2683\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_127150c8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lamp Shade and Dumbbell }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Sealing-Wax Bent While Cold [61] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a piece of sealing-wax is supported in a horizontal position by one end, as shown at A in the sketch, it will grad\-ually bend to the shape indicated by the dotted lines B. To attempt bend\-ing it with the hands would result in breaking it unless a steady
 pressure were applied for a long time. This pe\-culiar property is also found in ice. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3595\absh-2107\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2337\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_673fae8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bending Cold Sealing-Wax }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Pottery Kiln [62]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A small kiln for baking clay figures may be built at a cost of $1. The fol\-lowing shows the general plan of such a kiln which has stood the test of 200 firings, and which is good for any work requiring less than 1400\'b0 C}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4 . }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Get an iron pail about 1 ft. high by 1 ft. across, with a cover. Any old pail which is thick enough will do, while a new one will cost about 80 cents. In the bottom of this cut a 2-in. round hole and close it with a cork or wood plug, A, Fig. 1, which shal
l pro\-ject at least 2 in. inside the pail. Make a cylindrical core of wood, B, Fig. 1, 8 in. long and 8 in. across. Make a }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3394\absh-2674\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2465\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7c7b2ad7.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Homemade Pottery Kiln }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 mixture of clay, 60%; sand, 15%; and graphite, 25%, kneading thoroughly in water to a good molding consistency. Line the pail, bottom and sides, with heavy paper and cover the core with same. Now pack the bottom of the pail thoroughly with a 2-in. layer of
 the clay mixture, and on it set the paper\- wrapped core, carefully centering it. The 2 in. of space between the core and the sides of the pail all around is to be filled with clay, C, as is shown in the sketch, using a little at a time and packing it very
 tight. In like manner make the cover of the kiln, cutting the hole a little smaller, about 1 in. At the edge or rim of the cover encircle a 2-in. strip of sheet iron, E, Fig. 2, to hold the clay mixture, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20C. {\charscalex107 Set aside for a few days until well dried. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 While these are drying you may be making a muffle, if there is to be any glazing done. This is a clay cylinder (Fig. 3) with false top and bottom, in which the pottery to be glazed is pro\-tected from any smoke or dust. It is placed inside the kiln, setting
 on any convenient blocks which will place it midway. The walls of the muffle should be about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex69\i  }{\charscalex107 in. thick, and the dimensions should allow at least 1 in. of space all around for the passage of heat between it and the walls of the kiln. By the time the cl
ay of the kiln is well dried, it will be found that it has all shrunk away from the iron about 3/8}{\charscalex56\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. After removing all the paper, pack this space-top, bottom and sides-with moist ground asbestos. If the cover of the pail has no rim, it may be fastened t
o the asbestos and clay lining by punching a few holes, passing wire nails through and clinch\-ing them. Fit all the parts together snugly, take out the plugs in the top and bottom, and your kiln is ready for business. The handle of the pail will be conveni
ent for moving it about, and it can be set on three bricks or some more elaborate support, as dictated by fancy and expense. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The temperature required for bak\-ing earthenware is 1250\'b0-1310\'b0, C.,;  hotel china, 1330\'b0; hard porcelain, 1390{{\*\updnprop5801}\up8 \'b0}-1410{{\*\updnprop5801}\up8 \'b0}. These temperatures can not be obtained in the above kiln by means of the ordinary Bunsen burner. If will be necessary either to buy the 
largest size Bunsen, or make one your\-self, if you have the materials. If you can get a cone which can be screwed into an inch pipe, file the opening of the cone to 1/16 in. diameter, and jacket the whole with a 2-1/2-in. pipe. The flame end of this burner
 tube should be about 4-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex69\i  }{\charscalex107 in. above the cone opening and should be covered with gauze to prevent flame from snapping back. When lighted, the point of the blue flame, which is the hottest part, should be just in the hole in the bottom of the kiln. Such a 
burner will be cheaply made and will furnish a kiln tem\-perature of 1400 degrees, but it will burn a great deal of gas.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A plumber's torch of medium size will cost more in the beginning, but will be cheaper in operation. What\-ever burner is used, the firing should be gradual, and with especial caution the first time. By experiment you will find that a higher temperature is o
b\-tained by placing a 1-in. pipe 2-ft. long over the lid hole as a chimney. It would be still more effective to get another iron pail, 2 in. wider than the kiln, and get a down draft by inverting it over the kiln at whatever height proves most suitable.-G.
 L. W. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Small Medical Induction Coil [63] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The coil to be described is 3-1/2 in., full length of iron core, and 3/4 in. in diameter. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Procure a bundle of small iron wire, say 1/4 in. in diameter, and cut it 3-1/2 in. long; bind neatly with coarse thread and file the ends smooth (Fig. 1). This done, make two wood ends, 1-1/4 by 1-1/4 in. and 3/8{\charscalex58  }in. thick, and varnish. Bore holes in the c
enter of each so the core will fit in snugly and leave about 1/4{\charscalex58\f4  }in. projecting from each end (Fig. 1). }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After finishing the core, shellac two layers of  thick paper over it between the ends; let this dry thoroughly. Wind two layers of  bell magnet wire over this, allowing several inches of free wire to come through a hole in the end. Cover with paper and she
llac as before. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Wind about 1/8{\charscalex64  }in. of fine wire, such }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7171\absh-2818\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26561\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1be674e0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Medical Induction Coil }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 as used on telephone generators, around the coil, leaving long terminals. Soak the whole in melted paraffin and let cool; bind tightly with black silk. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The vibrator is made of a piece of thin tin to which is soldered the head of an iron screw and on the other side a small piece of platinum, which can be taken from an old electric bell (Fig. 2). }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Of course, a regulator must be had for the vibrator; this can be accom\-plished by bending a stout piece of copper wire as shown. The connec\-tions and the base for setting up are shown in the figures. --Contributed by J. T. R., Washington, D. C. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Mechanical Trick With Cards [63] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The following mechanical card trick is easy to prepare and simple to per\-form: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 First, procure a new deck, and divide it into two piles, one containing the red cards and the other the black ones, all cards facing the same way. Take the red cards, square them up and place in a vise. Then, with a plane, plane off the upper right hand co
rner and lower left hand corner, as in Fig. 1, about 1/16{\charscalex50\f4  }in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Then take the black cards, square them up, and plane off about 1/16 {\charscalex50\i\f4  }in. on the upper left hand corner and lower right hand corner, as in Fig. 2. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Next restore all the cards to one pack, taking care to have the first card red, the next black, and so on, every alternate card being the same color. {\charscalex105 Bend the pack so as to give some spring to the cards, and by holding one thumb on the upper left-hand corn
er }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3341\absh-1766\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1441\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5346d3dc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Card Trick }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 all the cards will appear red to the audience; place thumb in the center at top of pack and they will appear mixed, red and black; with thumb on upper right-hand corner all cards ap\-pear black. You can display either color called for. --Contributed by Ralp
h Gingrich, Chicago. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Rain Gauge [64]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An accurate rain gauge may be easily constructed from galvanized iron, as shown in the sketch herewith. The funnel, A, over\-laps and rests on the body, B, and dis\-charges into the tube, C, the area of which is one-tenth that of the top of the funnel. The d
epth of the water in C is thus ten times the actual rainfall, so that by measuring it with a stick marked off in tenths of an inch, we obtain the result in hun\-dredths of an inch. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good size to make the rain gauge is as follows: A, 8 in. diameter; C, 2.53 in. ; length of C, about 20 in. It should be placed in an exposed loca\-tion, so that no inaccuracy will occur from wind currents. To find the fall of snow, pour a known quantity }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1517\absh-4454\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1569\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m619a937a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rain Gauge}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 of warm water on the snow contained in the funnel and deduct the quantity poured in from the total amount in the tube. --Contributed by Thurston Hendrickson, Long Branch, N.J.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Aquarium [64]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 In making an aquarium, the first thing to decide on is the size. It is well not to attempt building a very large one, as the difficulties increase with the size. A good size is }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs2012 {\charscalex105 by }12 {\charscalex105 by }20 {\charscalex105 in., and this is inexpensive to build. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 First buy one length of 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex60  }{\charscalex105 by 1/8-in. angle iron for the frame, F, Fig. }{\charscalex118 1. }{\charscalex105 This can be obtained at any steel shop and should cost about 20 cents. All the horizontal pieces, B, should be beveled 45\'b0 at the ends and drilled for 3/16 in. stove bolts. The bev
eling may be done by roughing out with a hack\-saw and finishing with a file. After all the pieces are cut and beveled they should be drilled at the ends for the 3/16-in. stove bolts, C}{\f4 . }{\charscalex105 Drill all the hori\-zontal pieces, B, first and then mark the holes on 
the upright pieces, A, through the holes already drilled, thus making all the holes coincide. Mark the ends of each piece with a figure or letter, so that when they are assembled, the same ends will come together again. The upright pieces, A, should be cou
n\-tersunk as shown in the detail, and then the frame is ready to assemble. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the frame has been assembled take it to glazier and have a bottom made of skylight glass, and sides and ends of double-thick window glass. The bottom glass should be a good fit, but the sides and ends should be made slightly shorter to allow the ceme
nt, E, to form a dovetail joint as shown. When the glass is put in the frame a space, D, will be found between the glass and the horizontal pieces, B, of the frame. If this were allowed to re\-main the pressure of the water would spring the glass and cause 
a leak at E; so it is filled up with plaster of paris. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The cement, E, is made as follows: Take 1 gill of plaster of paris, 1 gill of litharge, 1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex142  }{\charscalex105 gill of fine white sand, and }{\charscalex107 1/3 of a gill of finely powdered rosin. Mix well and add boiled linseed oil and turpentine until as thick as putty. Let }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3322\absh-2342\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert25953\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m20b507f4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of Aquarium Frame }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the cement dry three or four days be\-fore putting any water in the aquarium. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In choosing stock for the aquarium it should be remembered that a suffi\-cient quantity of vegetable life is re\-quired to furnish oxygen for the fish. In a well balanced aquarium the water requires renewal only two or three times a year. It is well to have 
an excess of plants and a number of snails, as the snails will devour all the decay\-ing vegetable matter which would otherwise poison the water and kill the fish. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-4142\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_70cd3db4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Aquarium Finished }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 If desired, a centerpiece (A, Fig. 2) can be made of colored stones held to\-gether by cement, and an inverted jar can be supported in the position shown at B}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 . }{\charscalex107 If the mouth of the jar is below the surface of the water it will stay filled and allow the fish 
to swim up in\-side as shown. Some washed pebbles or gravel should be placed on the bot\-tom, and, if desired, a few Chinese lilies or other plants may be placed on the centerpiece. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Pneumatic Lock [65]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Mount an old bicycle hand-pump, A, on the door by means of a metal plate, B, having a swinging connection at }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20C. {\charscalex107 Fasten the lever, D, to the door knob, and make a hinge connection with the pump by means of a piece of sheet }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3504\absh-2976\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6cf9ab8a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pneumatic Door-Opener }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 brass, E, soldered to the end of the cylinder. All this apparatus is on the inside of the door and is connected by a small rubber tube, F, to a secret mouthpiece placed at some convenient location. A small piece of spring brass, screwed to the door frame, 
will open the door about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex63  }{\charscalex107 in. when the operator blows in the mouthpiece, or if the door is within reach of the mouthpiece, the operator may push the door at the same time that he blows, thus doing away with the spring, which is only used to keep the doo
r from relocking. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 One way of making the air connec\-tion with the outside is to bend the tube F around and stick it through the keyhole. Few burglars would ever think to blow in the keyhole.\- --Contributed by Orton E. White, Buf\-}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 falo, N. Y. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex111\b A Homemade Water Motor [66]  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 By MRS. PAUL S. WINTER }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In these days of modern improve\-ments, most houses are equipped with a washing machine, and the question that arises in the mind of the house\-holder is how to furnish }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the power to run it eco\-nomically. I referred this question to my husband, with the result that he built a motor which proved so very satisfactory that I prevailed upon him to give the readers of Amateur Mechanics a description of it, hoping it may solve t
he same question for them. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 A motor of this type will develop about 1/2 hp. with a water pressure of 70 lb. The power developed is correspondingly increased or decreased as the press\-ure exceeds or falls below this. In the latter case the power may be increased by using a smaller pul
ley. Fig. 1 is the motor with one side removed, showing the paddle-wheel in position; Fig. 2 is an end view; Fig. 3 shows one of the pad\-dles, and Fig. 4 shows the method of shaping the paddles. To make the frame, several lengths of scantling 3 in. wide by
 1 in. thick (preferably of hard wood) are required. Cut two of them 4 ft. long, to form the main sup\-ports of the frame, AA, Fig. 1 ; another, 2 ft. 6 in. long, for the top, B, Fig. 1; another, 26 in. long, to form the slant\-ing part, C, Fig. 1; and anoth
er, D, ap\-proximately 1 ft., according to the slant given }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20C. {\charscalex106 After nailing these together as shown in the illustration, nail two short strips on each side of the outlet, as at E, to keep the frame from spread\-ing. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut two pieces 30 in. long. Lay these on the sides of the frame with their center lines along the line FF, which is 15 in. from the outside top of the frame. They are shown in Fig. 2 at GG. Do not fasten these boards now, but mark their position on the fra
me. Two short boards 1 in. wide }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4838\absh-4354\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_32453469.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of Homemade Waterwheel }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 by 1 in. thick (HH, Fig. 2) and an\-other 1 in. by 1-1/2 in. (I, Fig. 2) form a substantial base. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Cut the wheel from sheet iron 1/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. thick, 24 in. in diameter. This can be done roughly with hammer and chisel and then smoothed up on an emery wheel, after which cut 24 radial slots 3/4}{\charscalex60  }{\charscalex106 in. deep on its circumference by means of a hacksaw. On each side 
of the wheel at the center fasten a rectangular piece of 1/4-in. iron 3 by 4 in. and secure it to the wheel by means of four rivets; after which drill a 5/8 }{\charscalex67 \-}{\charscalex106 in. hole through the exact center of the wheel. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Cut 24 pieces of 1/32-in. iron, 1-1/2 by 2-1/2 in. These are the paddles. Shape them by placing one end over a section of 1-in. pipe, and hammer bowl\- shaped with the peen of a hammer, as shown in Fig. 4. Then cut them into the shape shown in Fig. 3 and be
nd  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 the tapered end in along the lines JJ, after which place them in the slots of the wheel and bend the sides over to clamp the wheel. Drill 1/8-in. holes through the wheel and sides of the pad\-dles and rivet paddles in place. Next secure a 5/8-in. steel 
shaft 12 in. long to the wheel about 8 in. from one end by means of a key. This is done by cutting a groove in the shaft and a corresponding groove in the wheel and fitting in a piece of metal in order to secure the wheel from turning inde\-pendently of the
 shaft. Procure two collars or round pieces of brass (KK, Fig. 2) with a 5/8-in. hole through them, and fasten these to the shaft by means of set screws to prevent it from moving lengthwise. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Make the nozzle by taking a piece of 1/2-in. galvanized pipe 3-1/2 in. long and filling it with babbitt metal; then drill a 3/16-in. hole through its center. Make this hole conical, tapering from 3/16 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50\i  }{\charscalex105 in. to a full 1/2 in. This is best done by using a squ
are taper reamer. Then place the nozzle in the position shown in Fig. }{\charscalex115 1, }{\charscalex105 which allows the stream of water to strike the buckets full in the center when they reach the position farthest to the right. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take the side pieces, GG, and drill a 1-in. hole through their sides cen\-trally, and a 1/4 -in. hole from the tops to the 1-in. holes. Fasten them in their proper position, with the wheel and shaft in place, the shaft project\-ing through the holes just men
tioned. Now block the wheel; that is, fasten it by means of wedges or blocks of wood until the shaft is exactly in the center of the inch holes in the side pieces. Cut four disks of cardboard to slip over the shaft and large enough to cover the inch holes.
 Two of these are to be inside and two outside of the frames (one to bear against each side of each crosspiece). Fasten these to the crosspieces by means of tacks to hold them securely. Pour melted babbitt metal into the 1/4-in. hole to form the bearings. 
When it has cooled, remove the cardboard, take down the crosspieces, and drill a 1/8-in. hole from the top of the crosspieces through the babbitt for an oil-hole. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure sufficient sheet zinc to cover the sides of the frame. Cut the zinc to the same shape as the frame and let it extend down to the crosspieces EE. Tack one side on. (It is well to tack strips of heavy cloth -- burlap will do -- along the edges under t
he zinc to form a water-tight joint.) Fasten the crosspiece over the zinc in its proper position. Drill a hole through the zinc, using the hole in the crosspiece as a guide. Then put the wheel in a central position in the frame, tack the other side piece o
f zinc in place and put the other crosspiece in place. Place the two collars mentioned before on the shaft, and fasten so as to bear against the crosspieces, in order to prevent the wheel and shaft from moving sidewise. If the bearings are now oiled, the s
haft should turn easily and smoothly. Fasten a pulley 4 or 6 in. in diameter to the longest arm of the shaft. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Connect the nozzle to a water faucet by means of a piece of hose; place the outlet over a drain, and belt the motor direct to the washing-machine, sewing \-machine, ice-cream freezer, drill press, dynamo or any other machinery re\-quiring not more than 1/2 h
p. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This motor has been in use in our house for two years in all of the above ways, and has never once failed to give perfect satisfaction. It is obvious that, had the wheel and paddles been made of brass, it would be more durable, but as it would have cost se
veral times as much, it is a question whether it would be more economical in the end. If sheet-iron is used, a coat of heavy paint would prevent rust and therefore pro\-long the life of the motor. The motor will soon pay for itself in the saving of laundry 
bills. We used to spend $1 a month to have just my hus\-band's overalls done at the laundry, but now I put them in the machine, start the motor, and leave them for an hour or so. At the end of this time they are perfectly clean, and I have noticed that they
 wear twice as long as when I sent them to the laundry. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Silhouettes [68] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography in all branches is truly a most absorbing occupation. Each of us who has a camera is constantly experimenting, and everyone of us is delighted when something new is suggested for such experiments.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4843\absh-3355\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29665\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_617168ff.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Making a Silhouette with the Camera }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 To use a camera in making silhou\-ettes select a win\-dow facing north if possible, or if used only at times when the sun is not on it, any window will do, says the Photographic Times. Raise the window shade half way, remove any white cur\-tains there may be,
 and in the center of the lower pane of glass paste by the four corners a sheet of tissue paper that is perfectly smooth and quite thick, as shown in the sketch at }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20B. {\charscalex106 Darken the rest of the window, shutting out all light from above and the sides. Place a c
hair so that after being seated the head of the subject will come be\-fore the center of the tissue paper, and as near to it as possible, and when looking straight before him his face will be in clear profile to the camera. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Draw the shades of all other windows in the room. Focus the camera carefully, getting a sharp outline of the profile on the screen. Do not stop down the lens, as this makes long exposure nec\-essary, and the subject may move. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Correct exposure de\-pends, of course, on the lens, light and the plate. But remember that a black and white negative is wanted with as little detail in the features as possible. The best plate to use is a very slow one, or what is called a process plate. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1555\absh-2650\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert30113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m51a87cd8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In developing get all possible den\-sity in the high lights, without detail in the face, and without fog. Printing is best done on contrasty development paper with developer not too strong. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The ideal silhouette print is a per\-fectly black profile on a white ground. With a piece of black paper, any shape in stopping off print may be made as shown at C in the sketch. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Galvanoscope [68] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A galvanoscope for detecting small currents of electricity can be made }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-110\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0   from a coil of wire, A; a glass tube, B, full of water; a core, C; and a base, D, with binding posts as shown. The core C, which is made of iron and cork, is a trifle lighter than the water it dis\-places and will therefore normally re\-main in the top of 
the tube; but as soon as a current of electricity passes through the coil, the core is drawn down out of sight. The current re\-quired is very small, as the core is so nearly balanced that the least attrac\-tion will cause it to sink. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The glass tube may be a test tube, as shown in Fig. 2,}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex106 or an empty devel\-oper tube. If one has neither a test tube nor developer tube, an empty pill bottle may be used. The washers at the ends of the coil can be made of fiber, hard rubber, or wood; or can 
be taken from an old magnet. The base may be made of wood or any other }{\charscalex108 insulating material and should have four short legs on the bottom. Make the coil of single-covered wire about No. 18 and connect ends to binding posts as shown in Fig. 2. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The core is made by pushing a small nail through a piece of cork. It should be made so that it will rise slowly when placed under water. Some filing may be necessary to get the weight just right, but it should be remembered that the buoyancy of the core ca
n be adjusted after the parts are assembled, by pressing the cork in the bottom of the test tube. This causes compression in the water so that some is forced into the upper cork, reducing its displace\-ment and causing it to sink. The lower cork is then slo
wly withdrawn, by twisting, until the core slowly rises. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2304\absh-2573\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35073\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m19656dae.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Galvanoscope }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The instrument will then be adjusted ready for use. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Connect the binding posts to a single cell of battery--any kind will do, as a slight current will answer. On completing }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2246\absh-3077\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33953\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m333f48f5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Interior View }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the circuit the core will de\-scend; or put in a switch or push button on one of the battery wires. If the button be concealed where the op\-erator can reach it, the core will obey his command to rise or fall, according to his control of the current. This is
 a mysterious looking instrument, the core being moved without visible con\-nection to any other part. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Lubricating Sheet Metal [69]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To lubricate sheet metal mix 1 qt. whale oil, 1 lb. white lead, 1 pt. water and 3 oz. finest graphite. Apply with a brush before the metal enters the dies. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Optical Top [69] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 One of the latest optical delusions, and one not easy to explain, is Ben\-ham's color top. Cut out the black and white disk shown in the figure, and paste on a piece of stiff cardboard. Trim the edges of the cardboard to match the shape of the disk, and mak
e a pinhole in the center. Cut the pin in half and push it through from the under side until the head of the pin touches the cardboard. Spin slowly in a strong light and some of the lines will appear colored. The colors appear different to different people
, and are changed by reversing the rotation.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2669\absh-3029\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34497\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m51c382d4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An Optical Top }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Card Trick with a Tapered Deck [70]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Another simple trick to perform but one not easily detected, is executed by using a tapered deck of cards as shown in Fig. 1. A cheap deck of cards is evened up square, fastened in a vise and planed along the edge in such a manner that all the pack will be
 ta\-pered about 1/16 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50\i  }{\charscalex107 in. This taper is exag\-gerated in the illustration which shows }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3619\absh-2064\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62241\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3c4631e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cards from a Tapered Deck }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 one card that has been turned end for end. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is evident that any card reversed in this way can be easily separated from the other cards in the pack, which makes it possible to perform the fol\-lowing trick: The performer spreads the cards out, fan-like, and asks an observer to withdraw a card, whic
h is then replaced in any part of the pack. After thoroughly shuffling the cards the performer then holds the deck in both hands behind his back and pro\-nouncing a few magic words, produces the card selected in one hand and the rest of the pack in the othe
r. This is accomplished by simply turning the deck end for end while the observer is looking at his card, thus bringing the wide end of the selected card at the narrow end of the pack when it is replaced. The hands are placed be\-hind the pack for a double 
purpose, as the feat then seems more marvelous and the observers are not allowed to see how it is done. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In prize games, players having the same score are frequently called upon to cut for low to determine which shall be the winner, but a fairer way is to cut for high as a person familiar with the trick shown in Fig. 2 can cut the cards at the ace, deuce, or 
three spot, nearly every time, especially if the deck is a new one. This is done by simply pressing on the top of the deck as shown, before cutting, thus causing the increased ink surface of the high cards to adhere to the adjacent ones. A little practice 
will soon enable one to cut low nearly every time, but the cards must be grasped lightly and the experiment should be performed with a new deck to obtain successful results. -Contributed by D.B.L., Chicago. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Constant-Pressure Hydrogen Generator [70] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 By fitting three bottles, A, B, C, with rubber stoppers and connecting with glass tubes as shown in the sketch, hydrogen or other gases produced in a similar manner may be generated under constant pressure. In making hydrogen, bottle B is part\-ly filled wi
th zinc nodules formed by slowly pouring melted zinc into water. Hydrochloric acid is then poured in the small fun\-nel, thus partly filling bottles A and }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4 C. }{\charscalex107 When the acid rising from C comes in contact with the zinc, hydrogen gas is gen\-erated and fills bo
ttle B. The gas continues to gen\-erate until the pressure is sufficient to force the acid back down the tube into bottle C, when the action ceases. As fast as the gas is used the acid rises in the tube and generates more, thus keeping the pressure nearly c
onstant, the pressure depending on the difference between the levels of the acid in bottle A and bottle }B. {\charscalex107 As this device is easily upset, a ring-stand should be used to prevent its being broken, or if it is to be a permanent apparatus it may be mounted on
 a substantial wooden base. This appa\-ratus may also be used for preparing acetylene gas or almost any gas which }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1133\absh-4397\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert42913\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2ccb575a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 requires a mixture of a solid and liquid in its preparation.  --Contributed by C. S. J., Detroit. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Restoring Tone to a Cracked Bell [71]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many a bell with a deadened tone due to a cracked rim, can be given its original clear ringing sound by saw\-ing out the crack with a common hack\-saw. Make the saw cut along the line of the crack. The opening caused by the saw will allow the free vibration 
of the metal. --Contributed by F. W. Bently, Jr., Huron, S. Dak. \tab , }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Paper Phonograph Horn [71]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a piece of tubing about 1-3/4 in. long that will fit the connection to the reproducer, and wrap a quantity of heavy thread around one end as shown in the enlarged sketch A, Fig. 1. Form a cone of heavy paper, 9 in. long and 3 in. in diam\-eter, at th
e larger end with the smaller end to fit the diameter of the tube A, making it three-ply thick and gluing the layers to\-gether. Attach this cone on the tube A where the thread has been wrapped with glue, as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is also an en\-larged sket
ch. Make ten pieces about 1 ft. 10 in. in length and 3 in. wide from the thin boards of a biscuit or cracker box. Cut an arc of a circle in them on a radius of 2 ft. (Fig. 3). Make a 10-sided stick, 12 in. long, that will fit loosely in the tube A, to whic
h nail the 10 pieces as shown in Fig. 4, connecting the bottom by cross pieces, using care to keep them at equal dis\-tances apart and in a circle whose di\-ameter is about 2 ft. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4781\absh-3072\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert43041\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5bbafe70.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of Phonograph Horn }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cone is placed over the stick as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 4 and temporarily fastened in position. Cut out paper sections (Fig. 5) that will cover each space between the 10 pieces, allowing 1 in. on one side and the top, in which to cut slits t
hat will form pieces to overlap the next section and to attach with glue. Fasten the sec\-tions all around in like manner. The next course is put on in strips over\-lapping as shown at B, Fig. 6. Finish by putting on sections in the same way as the first cou
rse, making it three-ply thick. Remove the form, trim to suit and glue a piece of paper over the edge. When the glue is thoroughly hardened, put on two coats of white and one of blue paint, shading it to suit and striping it with gold bronze. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Hygrometer [71]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A homemade hygrometer, for deter\-mining the degree of moisture in the atmosphere, is shown in the accompa\-nying sketch and consists of a board, A, with a nail at each end to hold the silk thread B}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111\f4 . }{\charscalex107 A second piece of silk thread, C, is tied to the center of
 B and connects with an indicating hand or pointer supported by the bracket D. The axle on which the pointer revolves consists of a piece of round wood, about the size of a lead-pencil, with a pin driven in each end. A piece of tin, E, is cut V-shaped at e
ach end and bent up at the ends to form bearings for the pins. The silk thread C is fastened }{\charscalex108 to the wooden axle and is wrapped one or two turns around it, so that when }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3461\absh-4195\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert43137\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5e53f888.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Hygrometer }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the thread is pulled the pointer will move on the scale. It will be noticed that the thread B is not perfectly straight, but bends toward D. For this reason a very small shrinkage of B, such as occurs when the atmosphere is dry, will cause an increased mov
e\-ment of C, which will be further in\-creased in the movement of the pointer. An instrument of this kind is very in\-teresting and costs nothing to make. --Contributed by Reader, Denver. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex105 The }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex112 Protection of a Spring Lock [72]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After shutting the front door and hearing the spring lock snap into its socket, most people go off with a child\-like faith in the safety of their goods and chattels. But the cold fact is that there is scarcely any locking device which affords less protecti
on than the ordinary spring lock. It is the sim\-plest thing in the world for a sneak \-thief to slip a thin knife between the door-casing and the strip, push back the bolt, and walk in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fortunately, it is equally easy to block that trick. Take a narrow piece of tin 3 or 4 in. long, bend it at right angles throughout its length, and tack it firmly in the angle between the casing and strip, so as to make it im\-possible to reach the bolt wit
hout tear\-ing off the strip. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Another way is to drive nails through the strip at intervals of half an inch, enough to protect the bolt from being meddled with. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Controller and Reverse for a Battery Motor [72]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Secure a cigar or starch box and use to make the base, B}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111\f4 . }{\charscalex108 Two wood-base switches, S S, are cut off a little past the center and fastened to the base with a piece of wood between them. The upper switch, S, is connected to different equal points on a coil of
 wire, W, while the lower switch, S, is con\-nected each point to a battery, as shown. The reverse switch, R, is made from two brass or copper strips fastened at the top to the base with screws and joined together by a piece of hard rubber or wood with a sm
all handle attached. Connect wires A to the armature and wires F to the field of the motor. By this arrangement one, two or three and so on up until all the battery cells are used and dif\-ferent points of resistance secured on the coil of wire. The reverse
 lever when moved from right to left, or left to right, changes the direction of the armature in the motor from one way to the other. --Contributed by J. Fremont Hilscher, Jr., West St. Paul, Minn. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3490\absh-3264\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34721\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5552cdbf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Motor Reverse and Controller }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Build a Grape Arbor [73] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A grape arbor made of white pine, put together as shown in the sketch, will last for several years. The 2 by  4-in. posts, A, are 7 ft. long. The feet, B, are made 2 by 4 in., 4 ft. long, and rest on a brick placed under each end. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-3110\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert42817\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_66a4263b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Grape-Arbor Trellis }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Toy Steam Engine [73] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A toy engine can be easily made from old implements which can be found in nearly every house. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-5194\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39937\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5452029f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Toy Steam Engine Assembled}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The cylinder A, Fig. 1, is an old bicycle pump, cut in half. The steam chest D, is part of the piston tube of the same pump, the other parts being used for the bearing B, and the crank bearing }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20C. {\charscalex107 The flywheel Q}{\charscalex88\f4  }{\charscalex107 can be any small-sized iron wheel; either an 
old sewing-machine wheel, pulley wheel, or anything available. We used a wheel from an old high chair for our engine. If the bore in the wheel is too large for the shaft, it may be bushed with a piece of hard wood. The shaft is made of heavy steel wire, th
e size of the hole in the bearing B. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The base is made of wood, and has two wood blocks, H and K, 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex58  }{\charscalex107 in. thick, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3595\absh-3149\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41825\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m15dec686.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Valve Motion and Construction of Piston}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 t{\charscalex107 o support bearing B, and valve crank S, which is made of tin. The hose E connects to the boiler, which will be described later. The clips FF are soldered to the cylinder and nailed to the base, and the bearing B is fastened by staples. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The valve motion is shown in Figs. 2 and 3. In Fig. 2 the steam is enter\-ing the cylinder, and in Fig. 3 the valve B has closed the steam inlet and opened the exhaust, thus allowing the steam in the cylinder to escape. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The piston is made of a stove bolt, E, Fig. 2, with two washers, FF, and a cylindrical piece of hard wood, G. This is wound with soft string, as}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex60  }{\charscalex107 shown in Fig. 3, and saturated with thick oil. A slot is cut in the end of the bolt E, to receive the connectin
g rod H. The valve B is made of an old  bicycle spoke, C, with the nut cut in half and filed down as shown, the space between the two halves being filled with string and oiled. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The valve crank S, Fig. 1, is cut out of tin, or galvanized iron, and is moved }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx5670{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3389\absh-2635\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41537\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6ec8f28a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Engine in Operation }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 by a small crank on the shaft. This crank should be at right angles to the main crank. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The boiler, Fig. 4, can be an old oil can, powder can, or a syrup can with a tube soldered to it, and is connected to the engine by a piece of rubber tub\-ing. The heat from a small gas stove will furnish steam fast enough to run the engine at high speed. T
his engine was built by W. G. Schuh and A. J. Eustice, of Cuba, Wis. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Writing with Electricity [74]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Soak a piece of white paper in a so\-lution of potassium iodide and water for about a minute and then lay it on a piece of sheet metal. Connect the sheet metal with the negative or zinc side of a battery and then, using the positive wire as a pen, write you
r name or other inscription on the wet paper. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3514\absh-2515\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41505\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6ade2bc9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electrolytic Writing }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The result will be brown lines on a white background. --Contributed by Geo. W. Fry, San Jose, Cal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Photograph a Man in a Bottle [74] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Neither a huge bottle nor a dwarfed man is necessary for this process, as it is merely a trick of photography, and a very amusing trick, at that. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 First, photograph the person to be enclosed in the bottle against a dark plain background and mark the exact position on the ground glass. Let the exposure be just long enough to show the figure distinctly. Then place an empty bottle against a dark backgro
und and focus so as to have the outlines of the bottle enclose those of the man. Let this exposure be about twice the length of the first, and the desired result is obtained. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Musical Windmill [74] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Make two wheels out of tin. They may be of any size, but wheel A must be larger than wheel }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20B. {\charscalex107 On wheel A fasten two pieces of wood, C, to cross in the center, and place a bell on the four ends, as shown. The smaller wheel, B, must be separated from the oth
er with a  round piece of wood or an old spool. Tie four buttons with split rings to the smaller wheel, B. The blades on the wheels should be bent opposite on one wheel from the others so as to make the wheels turn in different directions. When turning, th
e buttons will strike the bells and make them ring con\-stantly. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1632\absh-1613\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_791a2149.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Optical Illusions [74] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 By giving the page a revolving or rinsing motion the three circular fig\-ures printed on the next page appear to rotate. The best effect will be pro\-duced by laying the book down flat on the desk or table and revolving, first }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6907\absh-2621\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39361\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m10300062.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move These Figures Rapidly with a Rinsing Motion }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 in one direction and then in the oppo\-site direction, in such a way that any given point on the page will describe a circle of about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex63\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. diameter. Fig. 1 then appears to rotate in the same direction as the revolution; Fig. 2 ap\-pears to revolve in the 
opposite direc\-tion, and Fig. 3 appears to revolve sometimes in the same direction and at other times in the opposite direction. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A curious effect can be produced with Fig. 1 by covering up Figs. 2 and 3 with a piece of plain paper and lay\-ing a coin or other small object on the paper. If the vision is then concen\-trated on the coin or other object while same is being revolved, Fig. 
1 will be seen to rotate. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Barrel-Stave Hammock  [75]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A hammock made of barrel staves is more comfortable than one would think, considering the nature of the material employed in making it. Good smooth staves should be selected for this purpose, and if one cares to go to little trouble a thorough sandpaperi\-n
g will make a great improvement. Cut half circles out of each stave, as shown at AA, and pass ropes around }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3302\absh-2203\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert52929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_34c54b5b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cheap and Comfortable }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 the ends as shown at }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108\f4 B. }{\charscalex105 When finished the weight will then be supported by four ropes at each end, which allows}{\charscalex128  }{\charscalex105 the use of small sized ropes, such as clothes lines. A hammock of this kind may be left out in the rain without in\-jury. --Contributed by H.G.M.
, St. Louis, Mo. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Singing Telephone [75]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Those who have not already tried the experiment may be interested to know that a telephone may be made to sing by holding the receiver about 1/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex52\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. from the transmitter, as shown in the illustration. The experiment will }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3360\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m601992d8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To Make a Telephone Sing }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 work well on most telephones, but not on all. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the receiver is placed in the position shown it acts like an ordinary buzzer, and the function of the trans\-mitter will then be that of an inter\-rupter. The slightest movement of the transmitter diaphragm will cause an increased movement of the receiv
er diaphragm. This in turn will act on the transmitter, thus setting up sympa\-thetic vibrations between the two, which accounts for the sound. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex107{\b A Microscope Without a Lens [76] }}}{\charscalex107{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex116\f4 By E. W. DAVIS }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Nearly everyone has heard of the pin-hole camera, but the fact that the same principle can be used to make a microscope, having a magnifying power of 8 diameters (64 times) will perhaps be new to some readers. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 To make this lensless microscope, procure a wooden spool, A (a short spool, say 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82\i  }{\charscalex107 or 3/4 in. long, produces a higher magnifying power), and enlarge the bore a little at one end. Then blacken the inside with india ink and allow to dry. From a piece of thi
n }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3360\absh-3302\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert46273\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1a013957.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of Lensless Microscope }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 transparent celluloid or mica, cut out a small disk, B, and fasten to the end having the enlarged bore, by means of brads. On the other end glue a piece of thin black cardboard, C, and at the center, D, make a small hole with the point of a fine needle. It
 is very im\-portant that the hole D should be very small, otherwise the image will be blurred. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To use this microscope, place a small object on the transparent disk, which may be moistened to make the object adhere, and look through the hole D. It is necessary to have a strong light to get good results and, as in all micro\-scopes of any power, the ob
ject should be of a transparent nature. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The principle on which this instru\-ment works is illustrated in Fig. 2. The apparent diameter of an object is inversely proportional to its distance from the eye, i. e., if the distance is reduced to one-half, the diameter will appear twice as large; if th
e distance is reduced to one-third, the diameter will appear three times as large, and so on. As the nearest distance at which the average person can see an object clearly is about 6 in., it follows that the di\-ameter of an object 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. from the eye}{\charscalex112\i\f4  }{\charscalex107 woul
d appear 8 times the normal size. The object would then be magnified 8 diameters, or 64 times. (The area would appear 64 times as large.) But an object 3/4-in. from the eye appears so blurred that none of the details are dis\-cernible, and it is for this re
ason that the pin-hole is employed. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Viewed through this microscope, a fly's wing appears as large as a per\-son's hand, held at arm's length, and has the general appearance shown in Fig. 3. The mother of vinegar exam\-ined in the same way is seen to be swarming with a mass of wriggling little 
worms, and may possibly cause the observer to abstain from all salads forever after. An innocent-looking drop of water, in which hay has been soaking for several days, reveals hun\-dreds of little infusoria, darting across the field in every direction. Thes
e and hundreds of other interesting objects may be observed in this little instru\-ment, which costs little or nothing to make. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Telegraph Key and Sounder [76] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sounder, Fig. 1, is made from an old electric-bell magnet, D, fastened to a wooden base. The lever, A, can be made of brass and the armature, C, is made of iron. The pivot, E, is made from a wire nail and is soldered to A. It should be filed to a point
 at each end so as to move freely in the bearings, B, which are pieces of hard wood. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The spring, H, is fastened at each end by pins, bent as shown, and should not be too strong or the magnet will be unable to move the armature. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3504\absh-2731\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33217\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_590cc62b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex123{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 SOUNDER-A. brass: B. wood: C. soft iron; DD. coils wound with No. 26 wire: E. nail soldered on A; FF. binding posts: H spring }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex123{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-120\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The stop, K, is a wire nail driven deep enough in the base to leave about 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex107 in. between the armature and the mag\-net. The binding posts, F, may be taken from old dry batteries and are connected to the two wires from the magnet by wires run in grooves cut
 in the base. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The base of the key, Fig. 2, is also made of wood and has two wooden bearings, E, which are made to receive a pivot, similar to the one used in the sounder. The lever of the key is made of brass and has a hardwood knob, A, fastened near the end. A switch, 
D, connects with the pivot at F and can be either made from sheet brass, or taken from a small one-point switch. The binding posts are like those of the sounder, and are connected to the contacts, K, by wires run in grooves cut in the wood.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-2530\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33057\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1e80db3f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-81\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex123 KEY-A. wood; B. brass or iron soldered to }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex114 nail; C. brass; D. brass: E. wood: {\b F. }connection{\b  }}{\charscalex123 of D to nail; HH. binding posts }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex123{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-81\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Music Cabinet [77] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A neat music cabinet can be made as shown in the accompanying sketch. Each side, AA, Fig. 1, is cut from a board about 36 in. in length and 16 in. wide. Both are alike and can be cut from the same pattern. As the front legs curve out a little the main body
 of the boards AA should be 15 in. wide. The back, B, should be about 22 in. long by 16 in. wide and set in be\-tween sides AA. Cut the top, C, 16 in. long and 14-1/2 in. wide. The bot\-tom must be the same length as the top and 13-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89\i  }{\charscalex107 in. wide. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The door, D, can be made panel as shown, or a single piece, 16 in. wide and about 20 in. long. All material used is to be made from boards that will dress to 3/4 in. thick. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3528\absh-2986\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m51d30b18.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex123{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 How to Make a Music Cabinet }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Shelving may be put in as shown in Fig. 2 and made from 1/4-in. material. Make 12 cleats, E, 13-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89\i  }{\charscalex107 in. long, from a strip of wood 1/2} {\charscalex107 by 3/4 in., with a groove 1/4 by 1/4}{\charscalex53\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. cut in them. Fasten 6 cleats evenly spaced on the inside of each of the sides, A
A, with 3/4-in. brads. This will give seven spaces for music and as the shelves are removable two places can be made into one. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Easily Made Wireless Coherer [77]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good wireless coherer may be made with very little expense, the only ma\-terials necessary being a glass tube, two corks: a magnetized needle and a quantity of iron and silver filings. Push a piece of wire through one cork and place in the bottom of the t
ube, as shown in the sketch. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pour in the filings and insert the top cork with the needle pushed through }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3494\absh-3355\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29665\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4b3b072d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of Coherer }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 from above. The point of the needle should barely touch the filings and by slightly agitating the tube the iron filings will separate from the silver and cling to the magnetized needle, as shown. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In operation, the device must stand on end and should be connected in the circuit as shown in the sketch. When the electrical waves strike the needle, the conductivity of the filings is estab\-lished and a click is heard in the re\-ceiver. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --Contributed by Carl Form\-hals, Garfield, Ill. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b One-Wire Telegraph Line [78] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying wiring diagram shows a telegraph system that requires no switches and may be operated with open-circuit batteries on a one-wire }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-2021\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert45089\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m24d5469f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Diagram of One-Wire Line}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 line with ground connections at each end. Any telegraph set in which the }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 key makes double contact can be con\-nected up in this way. --Contributed by R. A. Brown, Fairport, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Water Rheostat [78] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A water rheostat may be made by fitting a brass tube with a cork, through which a piece of wire is passed. The brass tube may be an old bicycle hand pump, A (see sketch), filled with water. Push\-ing the wire, B, down into the water increases the surface in
 contact, and thus decreases the resistance. An appara\-tus of this kind is suit\-able for regulating the current from an induc\-tion coil, when the coil is not provided with a regulator, and by using a piece of pipe instead of the tube, it can be used to reg
ulate the speed of a motor. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the pipe is used, a piece of brass or copper rod should be substituted for the wire, in order to increase the surface. Adding salt to the water will decrease the re\-sistance, and, when used with a motor, will give a greater speed. --Contributed by Joh
n Koehler, Ridgewood, N. J. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1397\absh-3955\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert44801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5efeaeb6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Diagram of One-Wire Line Water Rheostat }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Electric Door-Opener [78] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very convenient and efficient de\-vice for unlocking any door fitted with a spring lock is shown in the accom\-panying sketches. A fairly stiff spring, A, is connected by a flexible wire cord to the knob B. The cord is also fas\-tened to a lever, C, which i
s pivoted at D and is released by a magnetic trig\-ger, E, made from the armature and magnet of an old electric bell. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 When the circuit is completed by means of a secret contact device out\-side the door, the magnet, F, pulls down the armature, which releases the trigger and allows the spring to open the lock. If there are metal numbers }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 on the outside of the door they may b
e used for the secret contact, if desired, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3437\absh-2952\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32001\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_53844264.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Apparatus Placed on Inside of Door }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 but if there are no numbers on the door, a small contact-board may be constructed by driving about 12 brass\- headed tacks into a thin piece of wood and making connections at the back as shown in the wiring diagram. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In this particular diagram the tacks numbered 1 and 7 are used for unlock\-ing the door, the others being con\-nected with the electric-bell circuit as indicated, for the purpose of giving an alarm should anybody try to experi\-ment with the secret contacts. 
By means of a pocket knife or other metal article the operator can let himself in at any time by connecting the tacks numbered 1 and 7, while a person not knowing the combination would be liable to sound the alarm. Of course, the builder of this device may
 choose a combination of his own and may thus prevent anybody else from entering the door, even those who read this description. --Contributed by Perry A. Borden, Gachville, N. B. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3576\absh-2419\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4b6827bc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wiring Diagram }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Tighten a Curtain-Roller Spring [79] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A common table fork can be used to hold the little projection on the end of a curtain roller for tightening the spring. Hold the fork firmly with one hand while turning the roller with the other. Do not let go of the fork until the little catches are set i
n position to prevent the spring from turning, or else the fork may be thrown off with dangerous force. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Alarm Clock Chicken Feeder [79] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An automatic poultry feeder, which will discharge the necessary amount of corn or other feed at any de\-sired time, may be made by using an alarm clock as shown in the sketch. A small wire trigger rests on the winding key and supports the swinging bottom of
 the food hopper by means of a piece of string which connects the two. When the alarm goes off the trigger drops and allows the door to open, thus discharging the contents of the hopper. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the device has been in opera\-tion for some time the hens will run to the feeder whenever the bell rings.  --Contributed by Dr. H. A. Dobson, Washington, D. C. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1867\absh-3307\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3d68942b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Will Open or Close Circuit as Desired }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex108\fs20{\b Homemade Disk-Record Cabinet [79]}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex108\fs20\fs20 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Select some boards that have a nice grain and about 1 in. thick and 12-in. wide. Cut the end pieces each 36-in. long and trim down the edges so as to make them 11-3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex108 in. wide. The top board is made 28-in. long and full 12-in. wide. The three shelves are c
ut 25-in. long and the edges trimmed so they will be 11-3/8 in. wide. The dis\-tance between the bottom of the top board and the top of the first shelf should be 3 in. Two drawers are fitted in this space, as shown in Fig. 1. A series of grooves are cut 1/4}
{\charscalex75  }{\charscalex108 in. wide, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex123{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-96\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3317\absh-2640\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1c28f444.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cabinet Holding 32 Records }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 1/4 in. deep and 3/4{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. apart on one side of the top and bottom shelves, as shown in Fig. 2, and on both sides of the middle shelf. The shelves should be spaced 9-5/8}{\charscalex66  }{\charscalex108 in. for 10-in. records and 5-5/8}{\charscalex69  }{\charscalex108 in. for 6-in. records. A neat scroll design is cut from
 a board 25 in. long to fill up and finish the space below the bottom shelf. --Contributed by H. E. Mangold, Compton, Cal. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Battery Rheostat [80] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 In a board 7 in. long and 5 in. wide bore holes about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex81  }{\charscalex108 in. apart, in a semi\-circle 2 in. from the bot\-tom, and cut notches in top end to corre\-spond with the holes. From a piece of brass a switch, C, is cut with a knob soldered on at the end. Nails for 
stops are placed at DD. Two binding-posts are placed in board at A and B. With about 9 ft. of fine iron wire attach one end to the bottom of post A and run through first hole and over in first notch to back of board and then through second hole and over se
cond notch and so on until E is reached, where the other end of wire is fastened. Connect switch to post B. --Contributed by Edmund Kuhn, Jr., East Orange, N. J. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2266\absh-3024\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert31201\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1ed94700.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1024\i0\b0 Battery Rheostat}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Automatic Time Switch [80] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This device may be used to either open or close the circuit at any desired time. An alarm clock is firmly fast\-ened to a wooden bracket and provided with a small wood or metal drum, A, to which is fastened a cord, B. The other end of the cord is tied to th
e switch handle so that when the alarm goes off the switch is either opened or }
\par \pard\plain {\listtext\pard\plain \li360\ri0\lin360\rin0\fi-360\fs20\f0\fs20\langfe1033\f0\fs20\sl-1\slmult0 C.}\ilvl0 \ltrpar\s16\sl-1\slmult0{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ls0\li360\ri0\lin360\rin0\fi-360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 closed, depending on whether the cord is passed over pulley C or pulley D. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the cord is passed over pulley C, as shown in Fig. 1, the circuit will be closed when the alarm goes off, but if it is passed over D the circuit will be opened. Pulley D is fastened to a piece of spring steel, E, which in ope\-ration is bent, as shown 
by the dotted lines, thus causing the switch to snap open quickly and prevent forming an arc.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --Contributed by Douglas Royer, Roanoke, Va. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3552\absh-4598\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert31841\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2ef26e74.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1024\i0\b0 Will Open or Close Circuit as Desired}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Rotary Pump [81] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5218\absh-6974\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert47841\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7ce55685.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Rotary Pump }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A simple rotary pump is constructed on the principle of creating a vacuum in a rubber tube and so causing water to rise to fill the vacuum. Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show all the parts needed, excepting the crank and tubing. The dimensions and de\-scription given ar
e for a minimum pump, but a larger one could be built in proportion.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Through the center of a block of wood 4 in. square and 7/8 in. thick (A, Figs. 1, 2 and 3) saw a circular opening 2-7/8 in. in diameter. On each side of this block cut a larger circle 3-1/4 in. in diameter, having the same center as the first circle (Fig. 
3). Cut the last circles only 1/4 in. deep, leaving the first circle in the form of a ridge or track 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex61  }{\charscalex107 in. wide, against which the rubber tubing, E, is compressed by wheels. Bore two 1/4 }{\charscalex71 \-}{\charscalex107 in. holes (HH, Fig. 1) from the outside of the block to the edge o
f the inner circle. Put the rubber tube, E, through one of these holes, pass it around the track and out through the other hole. Notice the break (S) in the track; this is neces\-sary in order to place in position the piece holding the wheels. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Fig. 4 shows the wheel-holder, B}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111\f4 . }{\charscalex107 Make it of hard wood 3-1/8 in. long, 1 in. wide and a little less than 7/8 in. thick, so that it will run freely between the sides (Fig. 5) when they are placed.  Cut two grooves, one in each end, 1 in. deep and 1/2} {\charscalex107 in. wi
de. In these grooves place wheels, CC, to turn on pins of stout wire. These wheels should be 3/4 in. in diameter. When placed in the holder their centers must be exactly 2 in. apart, or so arranged that the dis\-tance between the edge of the wheels and the 
track (K, Fig. 1) is equal to the thickness of the tubing when pressed flat. If the wheels fit too tightly, they will bind; it too loose, they will let the air through. Bore a hole through the middle of the wheel-holder and insert the crankpin, D, which sh
ould be about 1/2}{\charscalex62\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. in diameter. The crankpin should fit tightly; if necessary drive a brad through to keep it from slipping. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 In the sides (Fig. 5) bore a hole in the center of the crankpin to run in loosely. Now put all these parts to}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 gether, as shown in the illustration. Do not fasten the sides too securely until you have tried the device and are sure it will run smoothly. For t
he crank a bent piece of stout wire or a nail will serve, though a small iron wheel is better, as it gives steadiness to the motion. In this case a handle must be attached to the rim of the wheel to serve as a crank. The drive wheel from a broken-down eggb
eater will do nicely. For ease in handling the pump, a platform should be added. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To use the pump, fill the tube with water and place the lower end of the tube in a reservoir of water. Make a nozzle of the end of a clay pipe stem for the other end of the tube. Then turn the crank from left to right. The first wheel presses the air out o
f the tube, creating a vacuum which is im\-mediately filled with water. Before the first wheel releases the tube at the top, the other wheel has reached the bottom, this time pressing along the water that was brought up by the first wheel. If the motion of 
the wheels is regular, the pump will give a steady stream. Two feet of 1/4-in. tubing, costing 10 cents, is all the expense nec\-essary. --Contributed by Dan H. Hub\-bard, Idana, Kan. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Fire Screen [82] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3821\absh-4262\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40641\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m38dcc0ca.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 FIG.2  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex118 Made of Strap Iron }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A screen which will not interfere with the radiation of the heat from the fire, and will keep skirts and chil\-dren safe can be made at little expense out of some strap iron. The screen which is shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 1, }{\charscalex108 stands 20 in. high from the base to the top c
ross\-piece and is made of 3/4 by 1/4-in. and 1/2}{\charscalex70  }{\charscalex108 by 1/4-in. iron. The top and bottom pieces marked AA, Fig. 1, are 3/4}{\charscalex60  }{\charscalex108 by 1/4 in. and are 30 in. long, bent at an angle to fit the fireplace 7 in. from each end, as shown in Fig. 2. The three legs marked BBB,
 Fig. }{\charscalex116 1, }{\charscalex108 are of the same size iron and each leg will take 34 in. of material. In shaping the feet of these three pieces give them a slight tendency to lean toward the fire or inside of screen, says a correspondent in the Blacksmith and Wheelwright. In the 
two cross bars 1 in. from each end, A in Fig. 2, mark for hole and 3 in. from that mark the next hole. Take the center of the bar, B, 15 in. from each end, and mark for a hole, and 3-1/2}{\charscalex84  }{\charscalex108 in. on each side mark again and 3-1/2}{\charscalex70  }{\charscalex108 in. beyond each of these two, m
ark again. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Mark the legs 2-3/4 in. from the bot\-tom and 2 in. from the top and after making rivet-holes rivet them to the cross bars, AA, Fig. 1. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Cut six pieces, 17-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex84  }{\charscalex108 in. long and punch holes to fit and rivet onto the remaining holes in cross bars, AA, Fig. 1. Clean it up and give it a coat of black Japan or dead black. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Trap for Small Animals [82] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 This is a box trap with glass sides and back, the panes of glass being held in place by brads placed on both sides. The animal does not fear to enter the box, because he can see }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex120 through it: when he }{\charscalex108 enters, however, and touches the bait the lid is released 
and, dropping, shuts him in. This is one of the easiest traps to build and is usually successful. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1733\absh-1109\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40673\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_macacfa3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Grenet Battery [83] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Procure an ordinary carbon-zinc, sal\--ammoniac battery and remove the zinc rod. If the battery has been used be\-fore, it is better to soak the carbon cylinder for a few hours to remove any remaining crystals of sal-ammoniac from its pores. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The truncated, conical zinc required is known as a fuller's zinc and can be bought at any electrical supply dealer's, or, it may be cast in a sand mold from scrap zinc or the worn-out zinc rods from sal-ammoniac batteries. It should be cast on the end of a
 piece of  No. 14 copper wire. Amalgamation is not necessary for the zinc one buys, but if one casts his own zinc, it is nec\-essary to amalgamate it or coat it with mercury. This may be done as follows: }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dip a piece of rag in a diluted so\-lution of sulphuric acid (water 16 parts, acid 1 part); rub the zinc well, at the same time allowing a few drops of mercury to fall on a spot attacked by the acid. The mercury will adhere, and if the rubbing is continued 
so as to spread the mercury, it will cover the entire surface of the zinc, giving it a bright, silvery appearance. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Next procure what is known as a wire connector. This is a piece of cop\-per tube about 1-1/2 in. long having two thumb screws, one on each end on opposite sides (Fig. 2). The upper screw is to connect the battery wire, the lower one to raise and lower the z
inc. The battery is now complete, and the solution (Fig. 1) must be pre\-pared. Proceed as follows: }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In 32 oz. of water dissolve 4 oz. potassium bichromate. When the bi\-chromate has all dissolved, add slowly, stirring constantly, 4 oz. sulphuric acid. Do not add the acid too quickly or the heat generated may break the vessel containing the solution. Then 
pour the solution into the battery jar, until it is within 3 in. of the top. Thread the wire holding the zinc through the porcelain insulator of the carbon cylinder and also through the wire connector. Pull the zinc up as far as it will go and tighten the 
lower thumb screw so that it holds the wire secure. Place the carbon in the jar. If the solution touches the zinc, some of it should be poured out. To de\-termine whether or not the zinc is touched by the solution, take out the carbon and lower the zinc. If
 it is wet, there is too much liquid in the jar. The battery is now ready for use. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To cause a flow of electricity, lower the zinc until it almost touches the bot\-tom of the jar and connect an electric bell or other electrical apparatus by means of wires to the two binding posts. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This battery when first set up gives a current of about two volts. It is use\-ful for running induction coils, or small electric motors. When through using the battery, raise the zinc and tighten the lower thumb screw. This prevents the zinc wasting away wh
en no cur\-rent is being used. --Contributed by H. C. Meyer, Philadelphia. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2856\absh-3446\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40737\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m324ba4fb.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig.1 Details of Homemade Battery }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Door-Opener for Furnace [83] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying diagram shows an arrangement to open the coal door of a furnace. When approaching the furnace with a shovelful of coal it is usually necessary to rest the shovel on the top of the ash door, while the coal door is being opened. With my devi
ce it is only necessary to press the foot pedal, which opens the door. After putting in the coal, pressing the pedal closes the door. The pulley in the ceiling must be placed a little in front of the door, in order to throw the door open after lifting it f
rom the catch. A large gate hinge is used to hold the pedal to the floor. --Contrib\-uted by Edward Whitney, Madison, Wis. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3130\absh-3864\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert65377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4c3e0329.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Furnace Door Opener }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Efficient Wireless Telegraph [84] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 By GEORGE W. RICHARDSON }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A simple but very efficient wireless telegraph may be constructed at slight cost from the following description: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sending apparatus consists of nothing but an induction coil with a telegraph key inserted in the primary circuit, i. e., the battery circuit. This apparatus may be purchased from any electrical-supply house. The price of the coil depends upon its size,
 and upon the size depends the distance signals can be transmitted. If, however, one wishes to construct his own coil he can make and use, with slight changes, the jump-spark coil described elsewhere in this book. This coil, being a 1-in. coil, will transm
it nicely up to a distance of one mile; while a 12-in. coil made on the same plan will transmit 20 miles or even more under favorable conditions. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Change the coil described, as fol\-lows: Insert an ordinary telegraph key in the battery circuit, and attach two small pieces of wire with a brass ball on each, by inserting them in the binding-posts of the coil as shown at B B". Of these two terminal wires
 one is grounded to earth, while the other wire is sent aloft and is called the aerial line. This constitutes all there is to the sending apparatus. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now for the receiving apparatus. In the earlier receiving instruments a co\-herer was used, consisting of a glass tube about 1/8-in. diameter, in which were two silver pistons separated by nickel and silver filings, in a partial vacuum. This receiver was di
fficult of adjustment and slow in transmission. An instrument much less complicated and inexpensive and which will work well can be made thus: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Take a 5-cp. incandescent lamp and break off the tip at the dotted line, as shown in Fig. 5. This can be done by giving the glass tip or point a quick blow with a file or other thin edged piece of metal. Then with a blow-torch heat the broken edges until r
ed hot and turn the edges in as seen in Fig. 6. Re\-move the carbon filament in the lamp and bend the two small platinum wires so they will point at each other as in Fig. 6, W W. Screw the lamp into an ordinary wall socket which will serve as a base as in F
ig. 7. Make a solution of 1 part sulphuric acid to 4 parts of water, and fill the lamp about two\-thirds full (Fig. 7). This will make an excellent receiver. It will be necessary to adjust the platinum points, W W, to suit the distance the message is to be 
worked. For a mile or less the points should be about 1/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. apart, and closer for longer distances. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The tuning coil is simply a variable choking coil, made of No. 14 insulated copper wire wound on an iron core, as shown in Fig. 7. After winding, care\-fully scrape the insulation from one side of the coil, in a straight line from top to bottom, the full le
ngth of the coil, uncovering just enough to allow a}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1800\absh-1795\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert65441\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_568e8f01.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 good contact for the sliding piece. The tuning is done by sliding the contact }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 piece, which is made of light copper wire, along the convolu\-tions of the tuning coil until you can hear the signals. The signals are heard in a telephone receiver, which is shown connected in shunt across the binding\- posts of the lamp holder with one or 
two cells of dry battery in circuit, Fig.7. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7618\absh-3970\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert48577\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3e9cce61.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The aerial line, No.6 stranded, is run from binding-post B through the chok\-ing or tuning coil, and for best results should extend up 50 ft. in the air. To work a 20-mile distance the line should be 100 or 150 ft. above the ground. A good way is to erect a
 wooden pole on a house or barn and carry the aerial wire to the top and out to the end of a gaff or arm. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To the end of the aerial wire fasten a bunch of endless loops made of about No. 14 magnet wire (bare or insulated), attaching both ends to the leading or aerial wire. The aerial wire should not come nearer than 1 ft. at any point to any metal which is grou
nded. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Run a wire from the other binding post, A, to the ground and be sure to make a good ground connection. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For simple experimental work on distances of 100 ft. only, an ordinary automobile spark coil can be used in place of the more elaborate coil, Figs. 1 to 4. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The above-mentioned instruments have no patents on them, and anyone is at liberty to build and use them. The writer does not claim to be the origi\-nator, but simply illustrates the above to show that, after all, wireless is very simple when it is once unde
rstood. The fundamental principles are that induc\-tion travels at right angles, 90\'b0, to the direction of the current. For an illus\-tration, if a person standing on a bridge should drop a pebble into the water be\-low, after contact he would note circles rad
iating out over the surface of the water. These circles, being at right angles, 90\'b0, to the direction of the force that caused the circles, are analogous to the flow of  induction, and hence the aerial line, being vertical, transmits signals horizontally o
ver the earth's surface. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Beeswax for Wood Filler [85]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 When filling nail holes in yellow pine use beeswax instead of putty, as }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20it {\charscalex108 matches the color well. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Lathe [86]}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A small speed-lathe, suitable for turning wood or small metal articles, may be easily made at very little ex\-pense. A lathe of this kind is shown in the cut (Fig. 1), where A is the headstock, B the bed and C the tail\-stock. I run my lathe by power, using 
an electric motor and countershaft, but it could be run by foot power if desired. A large cone pulley would then be re\-quired, but this may be made in the same manner as the small one, which will be described later. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7526\absh-4018\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert48609\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6657ad6b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Assembled Lathe Bed and Bearing Details }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bed of the machine is made of wood as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, hard\-wood being preferable for this pur\-pose. Fig. 2 shows an end view of the assembled bed, and Fig. 3 shows how the ends are cut out to receive the side pieces. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The headstock, Fig. 6, is fastened to the bed by means of carriage bolts, A, which pass through a piece of wood, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20B, {\charscalex107 on the under side of the bed. The shaft is made of 3/4-in. steel tubing about 1/8}{\charscalex64  }{\charscalex107 in. thick, and runs in babbitt bearings, one of which is s
hown in Fig. 5. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 To make these bearings, cut a square hole in the wood as shown, making half of the square in each half of the bear\-ing. Separate the two halves of the bearing slightly by placing a piece of cardboard on each side, just touching the shaft. The edges which t
ouch the shaft should be notched like the teeth of a saw, so as to allow the babbitt to run into the lower half of the bearing. The notches for this purpose may be about 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex64  }{\charscalex107 in. pitch and 1/8}{\charscalex64  }{\charscalex107 in. deep. Place pieces of wood against the ends of the bearing a
s shown at A and }B, {\charscalex107 Fig. 4, and drill a hole in the top of the bearing as shown in Fig. 4. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bearing is then ready to be poured. Heat the babbitt well, but not hot enough to burn it, and it is well to have the shaft hot, too, so that the babbitt will not be chilled when it strikes the shaft. If the shaft is thor\-oughly chalked or smoked the ba
bbitt will not stick to it. After pouring, re\-move the shaft and split the bearing with a round, tapered wooden pin. If the bearing has been properly made, it will split along the line of the notched cardboard where the section of the metal is smallest. Th
en drill a hole in the top as shown at A, Fig. 5, drilling just deep enough to have the point of the drill appear at the lower side. This cavity acts as an oil cup and prevents the bearing from running dry. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The bolts B}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex119\f4  }{\charscalex107 (Fig. 5) are passed through holes in the wood and screwed into nuts C, which are let into holes }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-2525\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29953\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m38ef8038.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi504\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 FIG. 6 {\charscalex115 Headstock Details }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 D, the holes afterward being filled with melted lead. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This type of bearing will be found very satisfactory and may be used to advantage on other machines. After the bearings are completed the cone pulley can be placed on the shaft. To make this pulley cut three circular pieces of wood to the dimensions given 
in Fig. 6 and fasten these together with nails and glue. If not perfectly true, they may be turned up after assem\-bling, by rigging up a temporary tool\-rest in front of the headstock. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The tail stock (Fig. 7) is fastened to the bed in the same manner as the headstock, except that thumb nuts are used on the carriage bolts, thus allow\-ing the tail stock to be shifted when nec\-essary. The mechanism of the center holder is obtained by using 
a 1/2-in. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3677\absh-2707\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29281\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4ecc5507.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 FIG.7 {\charscalex115 Details of Tailstock }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 pipe, A, and a 1/2-in. lock nut, B, em\-bedded in the wood. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 I found that a wooden tool-rest was not satisfactory, so I had to buy one, but they are inexpensive and much handier than homemade tool rest.\- --Contributed by Donald Reeves, Oak Park, Ill. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Use Old Battery Zincs [87] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 When the lower half of a battery zinc becomes eaten away the remaining part can be used again by suspending it from a wire as shown in the cut. Be sure and have a good connection at the zinc binding post and cover that with melted paraffin. This prevents c
orro\-sion, which would otherwise occur from the action of the sal ammoniac or other chemical. The wire may be held at the top by twisting it around a piece of wood or by driving a peg through the hole in the porcelain insulator.\- --Contributed by Louis Lau
derbach, Newark, N.J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89  }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2342\absh-3072\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert43041\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m30fb3a70.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Showing Zinc Suspended }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Callers' Approach Alarm [87] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This alarm rings so that callers ap\-proaching the door may be seen before they ring the bell and one can exercise his pleasure about admitting them. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 If one has a wooden walk, the alarm is easy to fix up. Take up about 5 ft. of the walk and nail it together so as to make a trapdoor that will work easily. Place a small spring under one end to hold it up about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex61\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. (A, Fig. 2). Nail a strip of tin alon
g the under side of the trap near the spring and fasten another strip on the baseboard, so}{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex107 that they will not touch, save when a weight is on the trap. Connect up an electric bell, putting the batteries and bell anywhere desired, and using rubber-covered }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-1666\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49185\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m534e759e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Alarm Rings When Caller Approaches }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 wire outside the house, and the alarm is complete. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 When a person approaching the house steps on the trap, the bell will ring and those in the house can see who it is before the door bell rings. --Contributed by }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20R. {\charscalex107 S. Jackson, Minne\-apolis, Minn. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Easy Method of Electroplating [88]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Before proceeding to electroplate with copper, silver or other metal, clean the articles thoroughly, as the least spot of grease or dirt will prevent }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3130\absh-4392\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert48993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m792f210d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electroplating Apparatus }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the deposit from adhering. Then polish the articles and rub them over with a cloth and fine pumice powder, to roughen the surface slightly. Finally, to remove all traces of grease, dip the articles to be plated in a boiling potash solution made by dissolvi
ng 4 oz. American ash in 1-1/2 pt. of water. Do not touch the work with the hands again. To avoid touching it, hang the articles on the wires, by which they are to be suspended in the plating bath, before dipping them in the potash so\-lution; then hold the
m by the wires under running water for ten minutes to completely remove every trace of the potash. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 For plating with copper prepare the following solution: 4 oz. copper sul\-phate dissolved in }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 12 }{\charscalex107 oz. water; add strong ammonia solution until no more green crystals are precipitated. Then add more ammonia and stir until the green crystals are re-dissolved gi
ving an intense blue solution. Add slowly a strong solution of potassium cyanide until the blue color disappears, leaving a clear solution; add potassium cyanide again, about one-fourth as much in bulk as used in the decolorizing process. Then make the sol
ution up to }2 {\charscalex107 qt. with water. With an electric pressure of 3.5 to 4 volts, this will give an even deposit of copper on the arti\-cle being plated. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A solution for silver plating may be prepared as follows: Dissolve 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex60  }{\charscalex107 oz. of commercial silver nitrate in 8 oz. of water, and slowly add a strong solution of potassium cyanide until no more white precipitate is thrown down. Then pour the liquid off and wa
sh the pre\-cipitate carefully. This is best done by filling the bottle with water, shaking, allowing precipitate to settle and then pouring off the water. Repeat six times. Having finished washing the precipitate, slowly add to it a solution of potassium c
yanide until all the pre\-cipitate is dissolved. Then add an ex\-cess of potassium cyanide--about as much as was used in dissolving the pre\-cipitate--and make the solution up to 1 qt. with water. This solution, with an electric pressure of }2 {\charscalex107 to 4 volts, will
 give a good white coat of silver in twenty minutes to half-an-hour; use }{\charscalex108 2 volts for large articles, and 4 volts for very small ones. If more solution is required, it is only necessary to double all given quantities. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Before silver plating, such metals as iron, lead, pewter, zinc, must be coated with copper in the alkaline copper bath described, and then treated as copper. On brass, copper, German silver, nickel and such metals, silver can be plated direct. The deposit 
of silver will be dull and must be polished. The best method is to use a revolving scratch brush; if one does not possess a buffing machine, a hand scratch brush is good. Take quick, light strokes. Polish the articles finally with ordinary plate powder. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sketch shows how to suspend the articles in the plating-bath. If accumu\-lators are used, which is advised, be sure to connect the positive (or red) terminal to the piece of silver hang\-ing in the bath, and the negative (or black) terminal to the articl
e to be plated. Where Bunsen cells are used, the carbon terminal takes the place of the positive terminal of the accumu\-lator. --Model Engineer. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Ingenious Electric Lock for a Sliding Door [89]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 not only unlocks, but opens the door, also, by simply pressing the key in the key\-hole. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 In rigging it to a sliding door, the materials required are: Three flat pul\-leys, an old electric bell or buzzer, about 25 ft. of clothesline rope and some No. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111 18 }{\charscalex108 wire. The wooden catch, A (Fig. 1), must be about 1 in. thick }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6926\absh-2376\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert63617\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_c1aa8a5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Lock for Sliding Door }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 and 8 in. long; B should be of the same wood, 10 in. long, with the pivot 2 in. from the lower end. The wooden block }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20C, {\charscalex108 which is held by catch B, Can be made of a 2-in. piece of broomstick. Drill a hole through the center of this block for the rope to pass
 through, and fasten it to the rope with a little tire tape. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 When all this is set up, as shown in Fig. 1, make a key and keyhole. A 1/4 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex78\f4 \-}{\charscalex108 in. bolt or a large nail sharpened to a point, as at F, Fig. 3, will serve for the key. To provide the keyhole, saw a piece of wood, I, 1 in. thick by 3 in. square, and bore a hole
 to fit the key in the center. Make a somewhat larger block (E, Fig. 3) of thin wood with a 1/8-in. hole in its center. On one side of this block tack a piece of tin (K, Fig. 3) directly over the hole. Screw the two blocks together, being careful to bring 
the holes opposite each other. Then, when the point of the key touches the tin, and the larger part (F, Fig. 3) strikes the bent wire L, a circuit is completed; the buzzer knocks catch A (Fig. 1), which rises at }{\charscalex113 the }{\charscalex108 opposite end and allows catch B to fly f
orward and release the piece of broom\-stick }C. {\charscalex108 The weight D then falls and jerks up the hook-lock M, which un\-locks the door, and the heavier weight N immediately opens it. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Thus, with a switch as in Fig. 3, the door can only be opened by the person who has the key, for the circuit cannot be closed with an ordinary nail or wire. B, Fig. 2, shows catch B, Fig. 1, en\-larged; }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex140 0, }{\charscalex108 Fig. 2, is the cut through which the rope runs; H, 
Fig. 1, is an elastic that snaps the catch back into }{\charscalex106 place, and at G the wires run outside to the keyhole. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This arrangement is very convenient when one is carrying something in one hand and can only use the other. Clos\-ing the door winds up the apparatus again. --Contributed by E. H. Klip\-stein, 116 Prospect St., East Orange, New Jersey. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex106{\b Parlor Magic for Winter Evenings [90]}}}{\charscalex106{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20By C. H. CLAUDY }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 You are seated in a parlor at night, with the lights turned low. In front of you, between the parlor and the room back of it, is an upright square of brightly burning lights, surrounding a perfectly black space. The ma\-gician stands in front of this, in hi
s shirt sleeves, and after a few words of introduction proceeds to show the won\-ders of his magic cave. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Showing you plainly that both hands are empty, he points with one finger to the box, where immediately appears a small white china bowl. Holding his empty hand over this bowl, some oranges and apples drop from his empty hand into the bowl. He removes the b
owl from the black box, or cave, and hands its contents round to the audience. Receiving the bowl again, he tosses it into the cave, but it never reaches the floor--it disappears in mid\-}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111 air. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The illusions he shows you are too many to retail at length. Objects ap\-pear and disappear. Heavy metal ob\-jects, such as forks, spoons and jack\-knives, which have been shown to the audience and which can have no strings attached to them, fly about in the 
box at the will of the operator. One thing changes to another and back again, and black art reigns supreme. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now all this "magic" is very simple and requires no more skill to prepare or execute than any clever boy or girl of fourteen may possess. It is based on the performance of the famous Hermann, and relies on a principle of op\-tics for its success. To prepare
 such a magic cave, the requisites are a large soap box, a few simple tools, some black paint, some black cloth, and plenty of candles. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The box must be altered first. One end is removed, and a slit, one-third of the length from the remaining end, cut in one side. This slit should be as long as the width of the box and about five inches wide. On either side of the box, half way from open en
d to closed end, should be cut a hole, just large enough to comfortably admit a hand and arm. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Next, the box should be painted black both inside and out, and finally lined inside with black cloth. This lining must be done neatly-no folds must show and no heads of tacks. The interior must be a dead black. The box is painted black first so that the cl
oth used need not be very heavy; but if the cloth be sufficiently thick, no painting inside is required. The whole inside is to be cloth-lined, floor, top, sides and end. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw730\absh-826\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64129\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2254f732.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Next, the illumination in front must be arranged. If you can have a plumber make you a square frame of gas-piping, with tiny holes all along it for the gas to escape and be lit, and connect this by means of a rubber tube to the gas in the house, so much th
e better; but a plentiful supply of short candles will do just as well, although a little more trouble. The candles must be close together and arranged on little brackets around the whole front of the "cave" (see small cut), and should have little pieces o
f bright tin behind them, to throw the light toward the audience. The whole func\-tion of these candles is to dazzle the eyes of the spectators, heighten the illusion, and prevent them seeing very far into the black box. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Finally, you must have an assistant, who must be provided with either black gloves or black bags to go over his hands and arms, and several black drop curtains, attached to sticks greater in length than the width of the box, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 which are let down through the 
slit in the top. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The audience room should have only low lights; the room where the cave is should be dark, and if you can drape portieres between two rooms around the box (which, of course, is on a ta\-ble) so much the better. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The whole secret of the trick lies in the fact that if light be turned away from anything black, into the eyes of him who looks, the much fainter light reflected from the black surface will not affect the observer's eye. Conse\-quently, if, when the exhibit
or puts his hand in the cave, his confederate behind inserts his hand, covered with a black glove and holding a small bag of black cloth, in which are oranges and apples, and pours them from the bag into a dish, the audience sees the or\-anges and apples ap
pear, but does not see the black arm and bag against the black background. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The dish appears by having been placed in position behind a black cur\-tain, which is snatched swiftly away at the proper moment by the assistant. Any article thrown into the cave and caught by the black hand and con\-cealed by a black cloth seems to dis\-app
ear. Any object not too large can be made to "levitate" by the same means. A picture of anyone present may be made to change into a grinning skeleton by suddenly screening it with a dropped curtain, while another cur\-tain is swiftly removed from over a pas
teboard skeleton, which can be made to dance either by strings, or by the black veiled hand holding on to it from behind, and the skeleton can change to a white cat. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 But illusions suggest themselves. There is no end to the effects which can be had from this simple apparatus, and if the operators are sufficiently well drilled the result is truly remark\-able to the uninitiated. The illusion, as presented by Hermann, was 
identi\-cal with this, only he, of course, had a big stage, and people clothed in black to creep about and do his bidding, while here the power behind the throne is but a black-veiled hand and arm. It can be made even more complicated by having two assistan
ts, one on each side of the box, and this is the reason why it was advised that two holes be cut. This enables an absolutely instantane\-ous change as one uncovers the object at the moment the second assistant covers and removes the other. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3533\absh-4742\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert61697\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4d3808b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Magic Cave }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is important that the assistants remain invisible throughout, and if por\-tieres are impossible, a screen must be used. But any boy ingenious enough to follow these simple instructions will not need to be told that the whole suc\-cess of the exhibition de
pends upon the absolute failure of the audience to understand that there is more than one concerned in bringing about the curi\-ous effects which are seen. The ex\-hibitor should be a boy who can talk; a good "patter\rdblquote  --as the magicians call it -- is often o
f more value than a whole host of mechanical effects and helpers. It is essential that the exhibitor and his confederate be well drilled, so that the latter can produce the proper ef\-fects at the proper cue from the former. Finally, never give an exhibitio
n with the "cave" until you have watched the illusions from the front yourself; so that you can determine whether every\-thing connected with the draping is right, or whether some stray bit of light reveals what you wish to conceal.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Reversing-Switch for Electrical Experiments [92]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A homemade reversing-switch, suit\-able for use by students of electrical and engineering courses in performing experiments, is shown in the diagram. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3595\absh-4594\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert7009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m37a8330e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 FIG.2  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex121 Suitable for Students' Use }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Referring to Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 1, }{\charscalex107 A represents a pine board 4 in. by 4 in. and a is a cir\-cular piece of wood about 1/4}{\charscalex61\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. square, with three brass strips, b1, b2, b3, held down on it by two terminals, or bind\-ing posts, c1, c2, and a common screw, d. Post c1 is conne
cted to d by means of an insulated wire, making them carry the same kind of current (+ in the sketch). }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 About the center piece H moves a disk, held down by another disk F (Fig. 2), which is fastened through the cen\-ter piece to the wooden base, A, by means of two wood screws. On the disk G are two brass strips, e1 and e2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex88 , }{\charscalex107 so arranged that, when handle K is t
urned to one side, their one end just slips under the strips b1, b2, or b2, b3, respectively, making contact with them, as shown in Fig. }2, {\charscalex107 at L, while their other ends slide in two half\--circular brass plates f1, f2, held down on disk F by two other termi
nals, c3, c4, making contact with them as shown at y, Fig. }2. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The action of the switch is shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111 1. }{\charscalex107 Connect terminal c1 to the car\-bon of a battery, and c2 to the zinc. Then, if you turn handle K to the right, so that the strips e1 and e2 touch b1 and b2, respectively, terminal c3 will show +, and c1 \endash  electri
city; vice versa, if you turn the handle to the left so that e1 and e2 touch b2 and b3, respectively, terminal c3 will show - , and c4 + electricity. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The switch is easy to make and of very neat appearance. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Receive Wireless Telegraph Messages with a Telephone [92] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Any telephone having carbon in the transmitter (all ordinary telephones have carbon transmitters) can be used to receive wireless messages by simply making a few changes in the connec\-tions and providing a suitable antenna. Connect the transmitter and rece
iver in series with three dry cells and run one wire from the transmitter to the antenna. Connect the other transmit\-ter wire to a water or gas pipe in order to ground it, and then hold the re\-ceiver to your ear. Any wireless tele\-graph message within a ra
dius of one mile will cause the transmitter to act as a coherer, thus making the message audible in the receiver. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 By using an ordinary telephone transmitter and receiver and a 1/2-in. jump spark coil, a complete wireless telegraph station may be made, which will send or receive messages for a radius of one mile. The accompanying wiring diagram shows how to make the co
nnections. By putting in an extra switch three of the sending batteries may be switched in when receiving, thus obviating the necessity of an extra set of batteries. --Contributed by A. E. Joerin.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3341\absh-2779\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert7297\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3baab3d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wiring Diagram for Wireless Telegraph }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Connecting Up Batteries to Give Any Voltage [93] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Referring to the illustration: A is a five-point switch (may be home\-made) ; B is a one-point switch, and C and C1 are binding posts. When switch B is closed and A is on No. 1, }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3418\absh-4176\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert7905\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m48b38281.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 you have the current of one battery; when A is on No. 2 you receive the current from two batteries; when on No. 3, from three batteries; when on No. 4, from four batteries, and when on No. 5, from five batteries. More batteries may be connected to each poi
nt of switch }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20B. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 I have been using the same method for my water rheostat (homemade). I have the jars of water where the bat\-teries are and the current coming in at a and b. --Contributed by Eugene F. Tuttle, Jr., Newark, Ohio. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Simple Accelerometer [93] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw931\absh-2712\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert8097\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m28148a96.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A simple accelerometer for indicat\-ing the increase in speed of a train was described by Mr. A. P. Trotter in a paper read before the Junior Institution of Engineers of Great Britain. The device consists of an ordinary 2-ft. rule, A, with a piece of thread
 tied to the 22-in. mark, as shown in the sketch, and supporting the small weight, B, which may be a button or other small object. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The device thus arranged, and placed on the window\-sill of the car, will indicate the acceleration and retardation as fol\-lows: Every 1/2 in. traveled by the thread, over the bent portion of the rule, indicates an increase of or de\-crease of velocity to th
e extent of 1 ft. per second for each second. Thus, it the thread moved 2-1/4 in. in a direction opposite to the movement of the train, then the train would be increasing its speed at the rate of 4-1/2 ft. per second. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the thread is tied at the 17-in. mark, then each half inch will repre\-sent the mile per hour increase for each second. Thus if the thread moves 1 in., it shows that the train is gaining 2 miles an hour each second. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Egg-Shell Funnel [93] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Bottles having small necks are hard to fill without spilling the liquid. A funnel cannot be used in a small opening, and pouring with a grad\-uate glass requires a steady hand. When you do not have a graduate }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 at hand, a half egg-shell with a small hole pric
ked in the end will serve better than a funnel. Place the shell in an oven to brown the surface slightly and it will be less brittle and last much longer. --Contributed by Maurice Bau\-dier, New Orleans, La. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Handy Electric Alarm [94] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An electric alarm which one may turn off from the bed without arising combined with a light which may be turned on and off from a lying position, so one can see the time, is the device of H. E. Redmond, of Burlington, Wis. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The alarm clock rests on a shelf, A, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3533\absh-2462\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert8161\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_c9bef28.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Handy Electric Alarm }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 which has a piece of metal, B, fastened in such a position that the metal rod C, soldered to the alarm winder, will com\-plete the circuit and ring the bell. The two-point switch D is closed normally at E, but may be closed at F any time desired, thus turni
ng on the small in\-candescent light G, which illuminates the face of the clock. When the alarm goes off, the bell will continue to ring until the switch is opened. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Keep Dogs and Cats Away from the Garbage-Can [94] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Last summer I was annoyed a great deal by dogs upsetting our garbage \-can on the lawn, but finally executed a plan that rid the yard of them in one afternoon. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 I first secured a magneto out of an old telephone, then drove a spike in a damp place under the porch, attached a}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 wire to the spike and ran the wire to one of the poles of the magneto. Then I set the garbage-can on some blocks of wood, being careful not to
 have it touch the ground at any point. I next ran a wire from the other pole of the }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3864\absh-1464\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62721\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6ddd46fa.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 magneto to the can, wrapping the wire around the can several times. Then I sat down on the porch to wait. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It was not long before a big grey\-hound came along, putting his fore\-paws on the top of the can to upset it. At the same instant I gave the mag\-neto a quick turn, which sent the dog away a very surprised animal. This was repeated several times during the a
fternoon with other dogs, and with the same result. --Contributed by Gor\-don T. Lane, Crafton, Pa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex108\fs20{\b How to Cross a Stream on a Log [94]}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex108\fs20\fs20 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When crossing a water course on a fence rail or small log, do not face up or down the stream and walk side\-ways, for a wetting is the inevitable result. Instead, fix the eye on the opposite shore and walk steadily forward. Then if a mishap comes, you will 
fall with one leg and arm en\-circling the bridge. --C. C. S.}
\par  
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Relay Made from Electric Bell [94] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is not necessary to remove the ad\-justing-screw when changing an elec\-tric bell into a relay. Simply twist it around as at A and bend the circuit-breaking con\-tact back as shown. It may be necessary to remove the head of the screw, A, to pre\-vent short-
circuiting with the armature. --\-Contributed by A. L. Macey, New York City. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1502\absh-1906\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert53025\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m120f1b47.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Foundry Work at Home [95] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Equipment [95]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many amateur mechanics who re\-quire small metal castings in their work would like to make their own castings. This can easily be done at home without going to }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 any great expense, and the variety and useful\-ness of the articles pro\-duced will make the equipment a good in\-vestment. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With the easily made devices about to be described, the young me\-chanic can make his own telegraph keys and sounders, battery zincs, binding posts, engines, cannons, bearings, small machinery parts, models and miniature objects, ornaments of various kinds,
 and du\-plicates of all these, and many other interesting and useful articles. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The first thing to make is a molding\- bench, as shown in Fig. 1. It is possi\-ble to make molds without a bench, but it is a mistake to try to do this, as the sand is sure to get on the floor, whence it is soon tracked into the house. The bench will also ma
ke the operation of molding much easier and will prove to be a great convenience. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bench should be made of lumber about 1 in. thick and should be con\-structed in the form of a trough, as shown. Two cleats, AA, should be nailed to the front and back to support the cross-boards, BE, which in turn support the mold while it is being made
. The object of using the cleats and removable cross-boards instead of a stationary shelf is to give access to the sand, C, when it is being prepared. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 About one or two cubic feet of fine molding-sand will be required, which may, be purchased at the nearest foundry}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92\b  }{\charscalex106 for a small sum. Yellow sand will be found a little better for the ama\-teur's work than the black sand gener\-ally used in most foundries, but 
if no yellow sand can be obtained the black kind will do. If there is no foundry }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4997\absh-3394\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert53057\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5b941de5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex122 1 - Convenient Arrangement of Bench and Tools }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 near at hand, try using sand from other sources, giving preference to the finest sand and that which clings together in a cake when compressed between the hands. Common lake or river sand is not suitable for the purpose, as it is too coarse and will not ma
ke a good mold. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For mixing and preparing the sand a small shovel, D, and a sieve, E, will be required. If desired the sieve may be homemade. Ordinary wire netting such as is used in screen doors, is about the right mesh, and this, nailed to re\-place the bottom of a box, m
akes a very good sieve. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The rammer, F, is made of wood, and is wedge-shaped at one end and flat at the other, as shown. In foundries each molder generally uses two rammers, but for the small work which will be described one will be sufficient. An old teaspoon, G, will be found us
eful in the molding operations and may be hung on the wall or other convenient place when not in use. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The cloth bag, H, which can be made }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 of a knitted stocking, is filled with coal\- dust; which is used for a parting me\-dium in making the molds. Take a small lump of soft coal and reduce to powder by pounding. Screen out all the coarse pieces and put the rem
ainder in the bag. A slight shake of the bag }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3264\absh-3043\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert52865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_30197571.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 2 - Homemade Flask }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 over the mold will then cause a cloud of coal-dust to fall on it, thus preventing the two layers of sand from sticking, but this operation will be described more fully later on. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The flask, J, Fig. 1, is shown more clearly in Fig. 2. It is made of wood and is in two halves, the "cope," or up\-per half, and the "drag," or lower part. A good way to make the flask is to take a box, say 12 in. by 8 in. by 6 in. high, and saw it in half 
longitudin\-ally, as shown. If the box is not very strong, the corners should be braced with triangular wooden strips, A A, which should be nailed in, previous to sawing. The wooden strips BB are used to hold the sand, which would otherwise slide out of the
 flask when the two halves of the mold are sepa\-rated. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The dowels, CC}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i\f4 , }{\charscalex107 are a very impor\-tant part of the flask as upon them de\-pends the matching of the two halves of the mold. A wedge-shaped piece, CC}{\i\f4 , }{\charscalex107 is nailed to each end of the cope, and the lower pieces, DD, are then nailed on the drag so that they just t
ouch C when the flask is closed. The two halves of the flask will then occupy exactly the same relative position whenever they are put together. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the flask is done make two boards as shown at K, Fig. 1, a little larger than the outside of the flask. A couple of cleats nailed to each board will make it easier to pick up the mold when it is on the floor. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A cast-iron glue-pot makes a very good crucible for melting the metal, which can be either aluminum, white metal, zinc or any other metal having a low melting-point. This completes the equipment with the exception of one or two simple devices which will no
w be described. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 II - How to Make a Mold [96]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Having finished making the flask and other equipment, as described, every\-thing will be ready for the operation of molding. It would be well for those who have never had any experience in this line to visit a small brass foundry, where they can watch the m
olders at work, as it is much easier to learn by observation; but they must not expect to make a good mold at the first trial. The first attempt usually results in the sand dropping out of the cope when it is being lifted from the drag, either be\-cause of 
insufficient ramming around the edges or because the sand is too dry. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good way to tell when the sand is moist enough is to squeeze it in the hand. If it forms into a cake and shows all the finger-marks, it has a suf\-ficient amount of moisture, but if it crumbles or fails to cake it is too dry. An ordinary watering-pot will
 be found useful in moistening the sand, but care should be taken not to get it too wet, or the hot metal coming in contact with it when the mold is poured will cause such rapid evaporation that the mold will "boil" and make a poor cast\-ing. A little pract
ice in this operation will soon enable the molder to deter\-mine the correct amount of moisture. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When molding with sand for the first time it will be necessary to screen it all before using it, in order to remove the lumps, and if water is added, the sand should be thoroughly shoveled until the moisture is evenly distributed. The sand is then ready fo
r molding. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The operation of making a mold is as follows: The lower half of the flask, or "drag," and the pattern to be molded are both placed on the cover board as shown at A. A quantity of sand sufficient to completely cover the pattern is then sifted into the drag,
 which is then filled level with the top with unscreened sand. This is rammed down slightly with the ram\-mer, and then more sand is added until }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7430\absh-4056\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51937\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5e535a6d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 3-Making a Mold }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 it becomes heaped up as shown at B. It is then rammed again as before. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is impossible to describe just how hard a mold should be rammed, but by observing the results the beginner can tell when a mold is too hard or too soft, and thus judge for himself. If the sand falls out of the flask when lifting the cope, or if it opens
 up or spreads after it is poured, it shows that the mold has been rammed too little, and if the surface of the sand next to the pattern is cracked it shows that the mold has been rammed too hard. It\- will be found that the edges of the mold can stand a li
ttle more ramming than the middle. In finishing the ramming, pound evenly all over the sur\-face with the blunt end of the rammer. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After ramming, scrape off the sur\-plus sand with a straight-edged stick, as shown at C, and scatter about 1/16 in. of loose sand over the surface for a good bearing. Place another cover board on top, as shown at D, and by grasping with both hands, as shown
, turn the drag other side up. Remove the upper cover board and place the upper half of the flask, or "cope," in position, as shown at E. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In order to prevent the two layers of sand sticking together, the surface of the sand at E should be covered with coal-dust. This is done by shaking the coal-dust bag over the flask, after which the dust on the pattern may be removed by blowing. The cope i
s then filled with sand and rammed in exactly the same manner as in the case of the drag. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 After the ramming is done a number of vent holes are made, as shown at F, from the surface of the mold to the pattern, in order to allow the escape of air and steam when the mold is be\-ing poured. These vent holes may be made by pushing a wire about the si
ze of a knitting-needle down through the sand until it touches the pattern. The "sprue," or pouring-hole, is next cut, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 by means of the sprue-cutter shown at the right, which consists of a piece of thin brass or steel tubing about 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. in diameter. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now comes the critical part of the molding operation--that of lifting the cope from the drag. It is here that the amateur often becomes discouraged, as the sand is liable to fall out of the cope and spoil the mold; but with a little practice and patience t
he molder can lift the cope every time without breaking it, as shown at G. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The next operation is that of cutting the gate, which carries the molten metal from the sprue to the opening left by the pattern. This is done with a spoon, a channel being cut about 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex108 in. wide and about 1/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. deep. The pattern is then drawn from the m
old, as shown at H, by driving a sharp \-pointed steel rod into the pattern and lifting it from the sand. When a metal pattern is used a thread rod is used, which is screwed into a tapped hole in the pattern. Before drawing it is well to tap the drawing-rod
 lightly with another and larger rod, striking it in all directions and thus loosening the sand slightly from the pattern. Some molders tap the pattern gently when withdrawing, as shown at H, in order to loosen any sand which has a tendency to stick. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 After drawing the pattern, place the cope back on the drag, as shown at J}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex88 . }{\charscalex108 Place a brick or other flat, heavy ob\-ject on top of the mold above the pat\-tern, to prevent the pressure of the melted metal separating the two halves of the mold, and then pour. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex125{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 III- Melting and Pouring [98] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Having prepared one or more molds, the next operation is that of melting and pouring. An ordinary cast-iron glue-pot makes a good crucible and can be easily handled by a pair of tongs, made out of steel rod, as shown in the sketch. In order to hold the ton
gs to\-gether a small link can be slipped on over the handle, thus holding the cru}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex126\f4 \-}{\charscalex108 cible securely. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A second piece of steel rod bent in the form of a hook at the end is very useful for supporting the weight of the crucible and prevents spilling the molten metal should the tongs slip off the crucible. The hook is also useful for removing the crucible from
 the fire, which should be done soon after the metal is entirely melted, in order to prevent overheating. The metal should be poured into the mold in a small stream, to give the air a chance to es\-cape, and should not be poured di\-rectly into the center of
 the opening, as the metal will then strike the bottom hard enough to loosen the sand, thus making a dirty casting. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3322\absh-2568\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29921\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_57497269.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 4 -Pouring the Metal }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If, after being poured, the mold sput\-ters and emits large volumes of steam, it shows that the sand is too wet, and the castings in such cases will probably be imperfect and full of holes. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A mold made in the manner pre\-viously described may be poured with any desired metal, but a metal which is easily melted will give the least trou\-ble. One of the easiest metals to melt and one which makes very attractive castings is pure tin. Tin melts at 
a temperature slightly above the melting point of solder, and, although some\-what expensive, the permanent bright\-ness and silver-like appearance of the castings is very desirable. A good "white metal" may be made by mix\-ing 75% tin, 15% lead, 5% zinc and 
5% antimony. The object of adding antimony to an alloy is to prevent shrinkage when cooling. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very economical alloy is made by melting up all the old type-metal, bab\-bitt, battery zincs, white metal and other scrap available, and adding a little antimony if the metal shrinks too much in cooling. If a good furnace is available, aluminum can be mel
ted without any difficulty, although this metal melts at a higher temperature than any of the metals previously men\-tioned. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In casting zincs for batteries a sepa\-rate crucible, used only for zinc, is very desirable, as the presence of a very small amount of lead or other impurity will cause the batteries to polarize. A very good way to make the binding posts is to remove the bi
nding posts from worn-out dry batteries and place them in the molds in such a way that the melted zinc will flow around them. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The time required for a casting to solidify varies with the size and shape of the casting, but unless the pattern is a very large one about five minutes will be ample time for it to set. The casting is then dumped out of the mold and the sand brushed off. 
The gate can be removed with either a cold chisel or a hacksaw, and the casting is then ready for finishing. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Battery Switch [99] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In cases where batteries are used in series and it is desirable to change the strength and direction of the current fre\-quently, the following device will be found most convenient. In my own case I used four batteries, but any reasonable num\-ber may be use
d. Re\-ferring to the figure, it will be seen that by moving the switch A toward the left the current can be reduced from four batteries to none, and then by moving the switch B toward the right the cur\-rent can be turned on in the opposite }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1363\absh-2592\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m202f5d03.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 direction to the desired strength. In the various positions of these two switches the current from each indi\-vidual cell, or from any adjacent pair of cells, may be used in either direc\-tion. --Contributed by Harold S. Mor\-ton, Minneapolis. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Optical Illusion [99] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi158\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The engraving shows a perfectly straight boxwood rule laid over a num\-ber of turned brass rings of various sizes. Although the effect in the illustration}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3322\absh-1613\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_799af461.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An Optical Illusion }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 is less pronounced than it was in reality, it will be noticed that the rule appears to be bent, but sighting along the rule from one end will show that it is perfectly straight. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The brass rings also appear distorted. The portions on one side of the rule do not appear to be a continua\-tion of those on the other, but that they really are can be proved by sight\-ing in the same manner as before. --\-Contributed by Draughtsman, Chicago.
 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b New Method of Lifting a Table [99] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 To perform this feat effectively the little device illustrated will be required. To make it take a sheet-iron band, A, 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. wide and attach a strap to fasten on the forearm between the wrist and elbow. Put a sharp needle point, B, through the sheet-iron
 so that it extends 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. out\-ward. Make one of these pieces for each arm. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In lifting the table first show the hands unpre\-pared to the audience and also a tight table, removing the cover to show that the surface of the table is not prepared in any way. Then replace the table, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1133\absh-1344\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert52193\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_133b52ce.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 rest the hands upon it and at the same time press the needle points in the arm pieces into the wood of the table, which will be sufficient to hold it, says a correspondent of the Sphinx. Then walk down among the audience. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Paddle Boat [100] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A rowboat has several disadvantages. The operation of the oars is both tire\-some and uninteresting, and the oars\-man is obliged to travel, backward. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3571\absh-1344\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert52193\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_38ce9a23.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 By replacing the oars with paddles, as shown in the illustration, the operator can see where he is going and enjoy the exercise much better than with oars. He can easily steer the boat with his feet, by means of a pivoted stick in the bottom of the boat, c
on\-nected by cords to the rudder. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 At the blacksmith shop have a 5/8-in. shaft made, as shown at A, Fig. 2. It will be necessary to furnish a sketch giving all the dimensions of the shaft, which should be designed to suit the dimensions of the boat, taking care that sufficient clearance is 
allowed, so that the cranks in revolving will not strike the operator's knees. If desired, split-wood handles may be placed on the cranks, to pre\-vent them from rubbing the hands. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bearings, B, may be made of hardwood, but preferably of iron pipe filled with melted babbitt. If babbitt is used, either thoroughly smoke or chalk the shaft or wrap paper around it to prevent the babbitt stick\-ing. The pieces of pipe may be then fasten
ed to the boat by means of small pipe straps, such as may be obtained at any plumber's at a very small cost. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The hubs, C, should be made of wood, drilled to fit the shaft and mor\-tised out to hold the paddles, D. The covers, E, may be constructed of thin wood or galvanized iron and should be braced by triangular boards, as shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex116 1. }{\charscalex107 If galvanized iron is u
sed, it should be exposed to the weather two or three months before painting, or the paint will come off, spoiling its appearance. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4483\absh-2285\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_12da97a1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of Paddle Boat }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Peculiar Properties of Ice [100]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Of all the boys who make snowballs probably few know what occurs during the process. Under ordinary condi\-tions water turns to ice when the tem\-perature falls to 32\'b0, but when in mo\-tion, or under pressure, much lower temperatures are required to make it a
 solid. In the same way, ice which is somewhat below the freezing point can be made liquid by applying pressure, and will remain liquid until the pres\-sure is removed, when it will again re\-turn to its original state. Snow, being simply finely divided ice,
 becomes liquid in places when compressed by the hands, and when the pressure is removed the liquid portions solidify and unite all the particles in one mass. In extremely cold weather it is almost impossible to make a snowball, be\-cause a greater amount o
f pressure is then required to make the snow liquid. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 This process of melting and freezing under different pressures and a con\-stant temperature is well illustrated by the experiment shown in Figs. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 1, }{\charscalex107 2 and 3. A block of ice, A, Fig. }{\charscalex112 1, }{\charscalex107 is }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7526\absh-2328\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10625\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_450c00da.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Experiment }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex127 with }{\charscalex114 a Block of Ice }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 supported at each end by boxes BB, and a weight, W, is hung on a wire loop which passes around the ice as shown. The pressure of the wire will then melt the ice and allow the wire to sink down through the ice as shown in Fig. 2. The wire will continue to c
ut its way through the ice until it passes all the way through the piece, as shown in Fig. 3. This experiment not only il\-lustrates how ice melts under pressure, but also how it solidifies when the pres\-sure is removed, for the block wi11 still be left in 
one piece after the wire has passed through.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Another peculiar property of ice is its tendency to flow. It may seem strange that ice should flow like water, but the glaciers of Switzerland and other countries are literally rivers of ice. The snow which accumulates on the mountains in vast quantities i
s turned to ice as a result of the enor\-mous pressure caused by its own weight, and flows through the natural channels it has made in the rock until it reaches the valley below. In flow\-ing through these channels it fre\-quently passes around bends, and whe
n two branches come together the bodies of ice unite the same as water would under the same conditions. The rate of flow is often very slow; sometimes only one or two feet a day, but, no matter how slow the motion may be, the large body of ice has to bend 
in moving. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 This property of ice is hard to illus\-trate with the substance itself, but may be clearly shown by sealing-wax, which resembles ice in this respect. Any at\-tempt to bend a piece of cold sealing-wax with the hands results in break\-ing it, but by placing it 
between books, as shown on page }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs2065, {\charscalex107 or supporting it in some similar way, it will grad\-ually change from the original shape A, and assume the shape shown at B. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Return-Call Bell With One Wire [101] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To use only one wire for a return\- call bell connect up as shown in the diagram, using a closed circuit or grav\-ity battery, B. The current is flowing through both bells all the time, the same as the coils of a telegraph sounder, but is not strong enough t
o ring both connected in series. Pressing either push button, P, makes a short circuit of that bell and rings the one at the other end of the line. --Contributed by Gordon T. Lane, Crafton, Pa. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3461\absh-2198\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10785\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_44ab6c94.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wiring Diagram }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Circuit Breaker for Induction Coils [101] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Amateurs building induction coils are generally bothered by the vibrator contacts blackening, thus giving a high resistance contact, whenever there is any connection made at all. This trouble may be done away with by de\-parting from the old single-contact 
vi\-brator and using one with self-cleaning contacts as shown. An old bell mag\-net is rewound full of No. 26 double cotton-covered wire and is mounted }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3302\absh-2184\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12225\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_ma4ab287.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Interrupter for Induction Coil }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 upon one end of a piece of thin sheet iron 1 in. by 5 in. as per sketch. To the other end of the strip of iron is sol\-dered a piece of brass 1/64 in. by 1/4, in. by 2 in., on each end of which has been soldered a patch of platinum foil 1/4 in. square. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The whole is connected up and mounted on a baseboard as per sketch, the contact posts being of 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex74\i  }{\charscalex107 in. by 1/2}{\charscalex69  }{\charscalex107 in. brass, bent into shape and provided with platinum tipped thumb screws. The advantage of this style of an in\-terrupter is that at each stroke t
here is a wiping effect at the heavy current contact which automatically cleans off }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1\tx3225{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex107 any carbon deposit.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the wiring diagram, A is the cir\-cuit breaker; B, the induction coil, and C, the battery. --Contributed by A. G. Ward, Wilkinsburg, Pa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Spit Turned by Water Power [102] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many of the Bulgarian peasants do their cooking in the open air over bon\-fires. The illustration shows a labor\-saving machine in use which enables the cook to go away and leave meat roasting for an hour at a time. The }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3552\absh-1267\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert4033\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3f673632.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For a Summer Camp }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 illustration shows how the spit to which the meat is fastened is constantly turned by means of a slowly moving water wheel. Some of our readers may wish to try the scheme when camping out. The success depends upon a slow current, for a fast-turning wheel w
ill burn the meat. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Short-Distance Wireless Telegraph [102]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying diagrams show a wireless-telegraph system that I have used successfully for signaling a dis\-tance of 3,000 ft. The transmitter con\-sists of an induction coil, about the size used for automobiles, a key or push-button for completing the cir
cuit, and five dry batteries. The small sin\-gle-point switch is left open as shown when sending a message, but when receiving it should be closed in order that the electric waves from the an\-tenna may pass through the coherer. The coherer in this case is s
imply two electric-light carbons sharpened to a wedge at one end with a needle }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3322\absh-2659\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9633\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4b0366bd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wiring Diagram for Wireless Telegraph }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 connecting the two, as shown. An ordi\-nary telephone receiver is connected in series with the coherer, as shown. To receive messages hold the receiver to the ear and close the switch, and an\-swer by opening the switch and operat\-ing the key. --Contributed 
by Coulson Glick, Indianapolis. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Automatic Draft-Opener [102] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A simple apparatus that will open the draft of the furnace at any hour desired is illustrated. The parts are:  A, furnace; B, draft; C, draft chain; D, pulleys; E, wooden supports; F, vertical lever; G, horizontal lever; H, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 cord; I}{\b , }{\charscalex108 alarm clock; }{\charscalex89 J, }{\charscalex108 weight.
 K shows where and how the draft is reg\-ulated during the day, the automatic }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3595\absh-3086\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_186489e1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Draft Regulator }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 device being used to open it early in the morning. The spool on the alarm clock is fastened to the alarm key by sawing a slit across the top of the spool and gluing it on. When the alarm goes off a cord is wound up on the spool and pulls the horizontal lev
er up, which releases the vertical lever and allows the weight to pull the draft open. --Contributed by Gordon Davis, Kalamazoo, Mich. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Window Conservatory [103] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 During the winter months, where house plants are kept in the home, it is always a question how to arrange them so they can get the necessary light without oc\-cupying too much room. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sketch shows how a neat window conservatory may be made at small cost that can be fastened on the house just covering a  win\-dow, which will provide a fine place for the plants. The frame (Fig. 2) is made of about 2 by 2-in. material framed together as
 shown in Fig. 3. This frame should be made with the three openings of such a size that a four-paned sash, such as used for a storm window, will fit nicely in them. If the four ver\-tical pieces that are shown in Fig. 2 are dressed to the right angle, then 
it will be easy to put on the finishing cor\-ner boards that hold the sash. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4834\absh-3331\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m59a44a23.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Artistic Window Boxes }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The top, as well as the bottom, is constructed with two small pieces like the rafters, on which is nailed the sheathing boards and then the shingles on top and the finishing boards on the bottom. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Electroscope [103]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An electroscope for detecting electri\-fied bodies may be made out of a piece of note paper, a cork and a needle. Push the needle into the cork, and cut the paper in the shape of a small ar\-row. Balance the arrow on the needle }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2467\absh-1939\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16129\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1f6129ea.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Simple Electroscope }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 as shown in the sketch, and the instru\-ment will then be complete. If a piece of paper is then heated over a lamp or stove and rubbed with a piece of cloth or a small broom, the arrow will turn when the paper is brought near it. --\-Contributed by Wm. W. Gr
ant, Hali\-fax, N. S., Canada. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Miniature Electric Lighting [104] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Producing electric light by means of small bulbs that give from one-half to six candle power, and a suitable source of power, is something that will inter\-est the average American boy. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 These circular bulbs range from 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex106 to 2 in. in diameter, and cost 27 cents }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2957\absh-1344\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert52193\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m61016524.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 FIG. 1}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 each complete with base. They are commonly known as miniature battery bulbs, since a battery is the most popu\-lar source of power. The 1/2-cp. bulbs are usually 2-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex71  }{\charscalex106 volts and take 1/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex106 ampere of current. It requires about three medium dry cells to operate
 it. However, there is now upon the market a battery consisting of 3 small dry cells connected in series, put up in a neat case with 2 binding posts, which sells for 25 cents. This is more economical than dry cells, as it gives about 4 volts and 3 amperes.
 It will run as large a lamp a 3-1/2}{\charscalex74  }{\charscalex106 volts, 1 cp., for some time very satisfactorily. More than one lamp can be run by connect\-ing the bulbs in parallel, as indicated by Fig. }{\charscalex119 1, }{\charscalex106 which shows the special bat\-tery with 3 dry cells in the case, and the 2 bindi
ng posts for connection with the bulbs. In this case it is also ad\-visable to connect several batteries in parallel also, so as to increase the current, but maintain the voltage constant. Thus the individual cells are in multi\-ple series, i. e., multiples 
of series of three. By keeping in mind the ampere output of the battery and rating of the lamp, one can regulate the batteries as required. It must be remembered, in this connection, that any battery which is drawn upon for half of its}{\charscalex66  }{\charscalex106 output will last app
roximately three times as long, as if drawn upon for its total output. Thus, in any system of lamps, it is economical to provide twice as many batteries as necessary. This also sup\-plies a means of still maintaining the candle power when the batteries are 
partially exhausted, by connecting them in series. However, this must be done with very great caution, as the lights will be burnt out if the voltage is too high. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Persons living in the city will find an economical means of lighting lamps by securing exhausted batteries from any garage, where they are glad to have them taken away. A certain number of these, after a rest, can be connected up in series, and will give t
he proper voltage. }
\par 
\pard\plain\absw3888\absh2811\dfrmtxtx181\nowrap\pvpara\posy1839\phcol\posx0{\*\flymaincnt224\flyvert14432\flyhorz19456\flyanchor0\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m285947d2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In conclusion, for battery power: Connecting batteries in series increases the voltage, and slightly cuts down the current or amperage, which is the same as that of one battery; while connect\-ing batteries in parallel increases the amperage, but holds the 
voltage the same as that of one cell. Thus, if the voltage and amperage of any cell be known, by the proper combination of these, we can secure the required volt\-age and amperage to light any minia\-ture lamp. And it might be said that dry cells are the bes
t for this purpose, especially those of low internal resist\-ance. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 FIG.2 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For those having a good water sup\-ply there is a more economical means of maintenance, although the first cost is greater. Fig. 2 shows the scheme. A small dynamo driven by a water motor attached to a faucet, generates the power for the lights. The cost of
 the smallest outfit of the kind is about $3 for the water motor and $4 for the }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 dynamo. This dynamo has an output of 12 watts, and will produce from 18 to 25 cp., according to the water pres\-sure obtainable. It is advisable to install the outfit in the basement, where the water pressure is the great\-est, and then lead No. 18 B }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex119\f4 & }{\charscalex107 S. do
uble \-insulated wire wherever needed. The dynamo can also be used as a motor, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2976\absh-1018\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16353\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_64170b8d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and is wound for any voltage up to ten. The winding should correspond to the voltage of the lamps which you desire to run. However, if wound for 6 volts, one could run parallel series of two 3-volt, 1-cp. lamps; making, as in Fig. 3, 11 series, or 22 light
s. If wound for 10 volts, it would give 1-1/4 amperes and run four 6-cp. lamps. Thus, it will be seen that any candle power lamp can be operated by putting the proper number of lights in each series, and running the series in parallel. So, to secure light 
by this method, we simply turn on the water, and the water con\-sumption is not so great as might be imagined. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For the party who has electric light in his house there is still an easier solu\-tion for the problem of power. If the lighting circuit gives 110 volts he can connect eleven 10-volt lamps in series. These will give 3 cp. each, and the whole set of 11 will t
ake one ampere of current, and cost about the same as a 32-cp. lamp, or 1-1/4 cents per hour. Simply connect the miniature circuit to an Edison plug, and insert in the nearest lamp socket. Any number of different candle power lamps can be used providing ea
ch lamp takes the same amount of current, and the sum of their voltages equals the voltage of the circuit used. This arrangement of small lights is used to produce a widely distributed, and diffused light in a room, for display of show cases, and for Chris
tmas trees. Of all these sources of power the two last are the most economical, and the latter of these two has in its favor the small initial cost. These lamps are by no means playthings or experiments, but are as serviceable and practical as the larger l
amps. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --Contributed by Lindsay El\-dridge, Chicago. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a New Language [105] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Anyone possessing a phonograph can try a very interesting and amusing ex\-periment without going to any ex\-pense. Remove the belt and replace with a longer one, which can be made of narrow braid or a number of strands of yarn. The new belt should be long en
ough to allow crossing it, thus re\-versing the machine. This reverses every sound on the record and changes it to such an extent that very few words can be recognized. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Cup-and-Saucer Rack [105] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The rack is made of any suitable kind of wood, and the sides, A, are cut just alike, or from one pattern. The shelves are made in various widths to fit the sides at the places where they are wanted. The number of shelves can be varied and to suit the size 
of the dishes. Cup hooks are placed on top and bottom shelves. It is hung on the wall the same as a picture from the molding. --Contributed by F. B. Emig, Santa Clara, Cal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1886\absh-1632\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10977\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_49abfc82.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Reversing a Small Motor [105] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 All that is necessary for reversing the motor is a pole-changing switch. Con\-nect the two middle posts of the switch with each other and the two outside posts with each other. Then connect one of the outside posts of the switch to one brush of the motor an
d one middle post to the other brush. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Connect one bar of the switch to one }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 end of the field coil and the other bar to one pole of the battery, and connect the other pole of the battery to the other field coil. To reverse the motor, simply change the switch. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3341\absh-1978\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m28c650c5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Reverse for a Small Motor }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Referring to the illustration, the letters indicate as follows: FF, field of motor; BB, brushes of motor; AA, bars of pole-changing switch; DD, cen\-ter points of switch; CC, outside points of switch. --Contributed by Leonard E. Parker, Plymouth, Ind. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Drive Away Dogs [106] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The dogs in my neighborhood used to come around picking up scraps. After I connected up my induction coil, as shown in the sketch, we were not bothered with them. A indicates the ground; B, switch; and C, a bait of meat, or a tempting bone.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3418\absh-1598\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert11329\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m358d2fe5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shocking-Machine }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 --Contributed by Geo. W. Fry, 903}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 Vine St., San Jose, Cal. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Automatic Lock [106] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The illustration shows an automatic lock operated by electricity, one cell being sufficient. When the circuit is broken a weight, A, attached to the end of the armature B, tends to push the other end of the armature into the screw eye or hook C, which is i
n the door, thus locking the door. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 To unlock the door, merely push the button }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex119 E, }{\charscalex108 The magnet then draws the armature out of the screw eye and the door is unlocked. The dotted line at D shows the position of the armature when the circuit is complete and the door unlocked. The weight must be i
n proportion to the strength of the magnet. If it is not, the door will not }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3374\absh-3307\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m605b7b1f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Automatic Electric Lock for Doors }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 lock, or would remain locked. The but\-ton can be hidden, as it is the key to the lock. --Contributed by Claude B. Melchior, Hutchinson, Minn.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Experiment with Two-Foot Rule and Hammer [106] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An example of unstable equilibrium is shown in the accompanying sketch. All that is needed is a 2-foot rule, a hammer, a piece of string, and a table or bench. The experiment works best }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3440\absh-3131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert11969\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_md2f494.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An Experiment in Equilibrium}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 with a hammer having a light handle and a very heavy head. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tie the ends of the string together, forming a loop, and pass this around the hammer handle and rule. Then place the apparatus on the edge of the table, where it will remain suspended as shown. --Contributed by Geo. P. Schmidt, Culebra, Porto Rico, W. I. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Simple Current Reverser [107] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 On a block of hardwood draw a square (Fig. 1) and drill a hole in each corner of the square. Fill these holes with mercury and connect them to four binding posts (Fig. 1). }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 On another block of wood fasten two wires, as shown in Fig. 2, so that their ends can be placed in the holes in the first block. Then connect up with the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3533\absh-2760\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1729\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_64c3437a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Reverser }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 motor and battery as in Fig. 3. When the block is placed on with the big arrow A pointing in the direction in\-dicated in Fig. 3, the current flows with the small arrows. To reverse turn through an angle of 90 degrees (Fig. 4). -- Contributed by F. Crawford
 Curry, Brockville, Ontario, Canada. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Alarm Clock to Pull up Furnace Draft [107] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A stout cord, A, is attached to the draft B of the furnace, run through a pulley, C, in the ceiling and has a win\-dow weight, D, attached at the other end. A small stick is put through a loop in the cord at about the level of the table top on which the ala
rm clock F stands. The other end of stick E is placed under the key G of the alarm clock. When the alarm rings in the early morning, the key turns, the stick falls away, releasing the weight, which pulls the draft open. --Contributed by Edward Whitney, 18 
Gorham St., Madison, Wis. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-3197\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert42945\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m158d994.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Automatic Time Draft-Opener }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Transmit Phonograph Music to a Distance [107] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An interesting experiment, and one calculated to mystify anyone not in the secret, is to transmit the music or speech from a phonograph to another part of the house or even a greater dis\-tance. For an outdoor summer party the music can be made to come from
 a bush, or tree, or from a bed of flowers. The apparatus is not difficult to }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 con\-struct. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cut shows the arrangement. Pro\-cure a long-distance telephone trans\-mitter, D, including the mouthpiece, and fasten it to the reproducer of the phonograph. Also a watch case }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3432\absh-2419\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_md5549ee.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Long-Distance Phonograph }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 re}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20ceiver, R, which fasten to the horn. These parts may be purchased from any electrical-supply house. Connect two wires to the transmitter, running one direct to the receiver, and the other to the battery, thence to a switch, S, and then to the receiver. T
he more batteries used the louder will be the sound produced by the horn, but avoid using too much battery or the receiver is apt to heat. --Contributed by Wm. J. Farley, Jr., Camden, N. J. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Telescope [108]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With a telescope like the one here described, made with his own hands, a farmer boy not many years ago dis\-covered a comet which had escaped the watchful eyes of many astronomers. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 First, get two pieces of plate glass, 6 in. square and 1 in. thick, and break the corners off to make them round, grinding the rough edges on a grind\-stone. Use a barrel to work on, and }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2304\absh-4325\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert4001\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m77e0ca7a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Homemade Telescope }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 fasten one glass on the top of it in the center by driving three small nails at the sides to hold it in place. Fasten, with pitch, a round 4-in. block of wood in the center on one side of the other glass to serve as a handle. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Use wet grain emery for coarse grinding. Take a pinch and spread it evenly on the glass which is on the barrel, then take the glass with the handle and move it back and forth across the lower glass, while walking around the barrel; also rotate the glass, w
hich is necessary to make it grind evenly. The upper glass or spec\-ulum always becomes concave, and the under glass or tool convex. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Work with straight strokes 5 or 6 in. in length; after working 5 hours hold the speculum in the sunshine and throw the rays of the sun onto a paper; where the rays come to a point gives the focal length. If the glass is not ground enough to bring the rays 
to a point within 5 ft., the coarse grinding must be continued, unless a longer focal length is wanted. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Have ready six large dishes, then take 2 lb. flour emery and mix in 12 qt. of water; immediately turn the water into a clean dish and let settle 30 seconds; then turn it into another dish and let settle 2 minutes, then 8 minutes, 30 minutes and 90 minutes,
 being careful not to turn off the coarser emery which has settled. When dry, turn the emery from the 5 jars into 5 separate bottles, and label. Then take a little of the coarsest powder, wetting it to the consistency of cream, and spread on the glass, wor
k as be\-fore (using short straight strokes 1-1/2 or 2 in.) until the holes in the glass left by the grain emery are ground out; next use the finer grades until the pits left by each coarser grade are ground out. When the two last grades are used shorten th
e strokes to less than 2 in. When done the glass should be semi-transparent, and is ready for polishing. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 When polishing the speculum, paste a strip of paper 1-1/3{\charscalex86  }in. wide around the convex glass or tool, melt 1 lb. of pitch and turn on to it and press with the wet speculum. Mold the pitch while hot into squares of {\charscalex142 1 }in., with 1/4-in. spaces, as in Fig. {\charscalex120 1. }Th
en warm and press again with the speculum, being careful to have all the squares {\charscalex108 touch the speculum, or it will not pol\-ish evenly. Trim the paper from the edge with a sharp knife, and paint the squares separately with jeweler's rouge, wet till soft like p
aint. Use a binger to spread it on with. Work the spec\-ulum over the tool the same as when grinding, using straight strokes 2 in. or less. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the glass is polished enough to reflect some light, it should be tested with the knife-edge test. In a dark room, set the speculum against the wall, and a large lamp, L, Fig. 2, twice the focal length away. Place a large sheet of pasteboard, A, Fig. 2
, with a small needle hole opposite the blaze, by the side of the lamp, so the light }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3595\absh-2573\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35073\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2eb732f6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of Telescope Construction }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 from the blaze will shine onto the glass. Place the speculum }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 S, }{\charscalex108 Fig. 2, so the rays from the needle hole will be thrown to the left side of the lamp (facing the speculum), with the knife mounted in a block of wood and edge\-ways to the lamp, as in K, Fig. 2
. The knife should not be more than 6 in. from the lamp. Now move the knife across the rays from left to right, and look at the speculum with the eye on the right side of the blade. When the focus is found, if the speculum is ground and polished evenly it 
will darken evenly over the surface as the knife shuts off the light from the needle hole. If not, the speculum will show some dark rings, or hills. If the glass seems to have a deep hollow in the center, shorter strokes should be used in polishing; if a h
ill in the cen\-ter, longer strokes. The polishing and testing done, the speculum is ready to be silvered. Two glass or earthen\-ware dishes, large enough to hold the speculum and 2 in. deep, must be pro\-cured. With pitch, cement a strip of board 8 in. long 
to the back of the spec\-ulum, and lay the speculum face down in one of the dishes; fill the dish with distilled water, and clean the face of the speculum with nitric acid, un\-til the water will stick to it in an un\-broken film. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The recipe for silvering the speculum }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex121 is: }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Solution A: }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Distilled water \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. 4 oz. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Silver nitrate \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..100 gr. }
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Solution B: }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Distilled water \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. 4 oz. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Caustic stick potash (pure by alcohol) \'85. 100 gr. }
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Solution C: }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Aqua Ammonia. }
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Solution D: }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sugar loaf .\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..... 840 gr. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Nitric acid ..\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. 39 gr. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Alcohol (Pure) \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85... 25 gr. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Mix solution D and make up to 25 fluid oz. with distilled water, pour into a bottle and carefully put away in a safe place for future use, as it works better when old: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Now take solution A and set aside in a small bottle one-tenth of it, and pour the rest into the empty dish; add the ammonia solution drop by drop; a dark brown precipitate will form and subside; stop adding ammonia solution as soon as the bath clears. Then
 add solution B, then ammonia until bath is clear. Now add enough of the solution A, that was set aside, to bring the bath to a warm saffron color without de\-stroying its transparency. Then add 1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 oz. of solution D and stir until bath grows dark. Place the 
speculum, face down, in the bath and leave until the silver rises, then raise the speculum and rinse with distilled water. The small flat mirror may be silvered the same way. When dry, the silver film may be polished with a piece of chamois skin, touched w
ith rouge, the polish\-ing being accomplished by means of a light spiral stroke. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Fig. 3 shows the position of the glasses in the tube, also how the rays R from a star are thrown to the eye\-piece E in the side of the tube. Make }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 the tube I of}{\charscalex84\i\f4  }{\charscalex107 sheet iron, cover with paper and cloth, then paint to make a non-conductor of heat or cold. Make
 the mounting of good seasoned lumber. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Thus an excellent 6-in. telescope can be made at home, with an outlay of only a few dollars. My telescope is 64 in. long and cost me just $15, but I used all my spare time in one winter in mak\-ing it. I first began studying the heavens through a spyglass, 
but an instrument such as I desired would cost $200--more than I could afford. Then I made the one described, with which I discovered a new comet not before observed by astronomers.- John E. Mellish. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make "Freak" Photographs [110] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The "freak" pictures of well-known people which were used by some daily newspapers recently made everybody wonder how the distorted photographs were made. A writer in Camera Craft gives the secret, which proves to be easy of execution. The distortion is ac
complished by the use of prisms, as follows: Secure from an optician or leaded-glass establish\-ment, two glass prisms, slightly wider than the lens mount. The flatter they are the less they will distort. About 20. deg. is a satisfactory angle. Secure them 
as shown by the sectional sketch, using strawboard and black paper. Then make a ring to fit over the lens mount and connect it with the prisms in such a way as to exclude all light from the camera except that which passes through the face of the prisms. Th
e inner surface of this hood must be }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1075\absh-1805\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14881\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_454fad74.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-1627\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14913\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7cc53f9b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Arrangement of Prisms }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 dull black. The paper which comes around plates answers nicely. If the ring which slips over the lens mount is lined with black velvet, it will ex\-clude all light and hold firmly to the mount, Place over lens, stop down well after focusing, and proceed as 
for any picture. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Another Electric Lock [110]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The details of the construction of an electrically operated lock are shown in the illustration. When the door is closed and the bolt A pushed into position, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-3130\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3649\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6d4a841a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Simple Electric Lock }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex107\fs20 it automatically locks. To unlock, push the button D, which act will cause the electromagnet to raise the latch C, when the bolt may be drawn and the door opened. --Contributed by A. D. Zimmerman, B{\ul oody, Il}l. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Mix Plaster of Paris [110] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 For the mixing of plaster of Paris for any purpose, add the plaster grad\-ually to the water, instead of the con\-trary, says the Master Painter. Do not stir it, just sprinkle it in until you have a creamy mass without lumps. Equal parts of plaster and water
 is approximately the correct proportion. The addition of a little vinegar or glue water will retard the setting of the plaster, but will not preserve its hard\-ening. Marshmallow powder also re\-tards the setting. In this way the plaster may be handled a lo
ng time without getting hard. If you wish the plaster to set extra hard, then add a}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex85  }{\charscalex107 little sulphate of potash, or powdered alum.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Enlarging with a Hand Camera [111] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Everyone who owns a hand camera has some pictures he would like en\-larged. It is not necessary to have a large camera to do this, as the process is exceedingly simple to make large pictures from small negatives with the same hand camera. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A room from which all light may be excluded and a window through which the light can enter without obstruction from trees or nearby buildings, with a shelf to hold the camera and a table with an up\-right drawing-board at\-tached, complete the arrangement. T
he back is taken out of the camera and fitted close against the back of the shelf, which must be provided with a hole the same size and shape as the opening in the back of the camera. The negative used to make the en\-larged print is placed in the shelf at 
A, Fig. 1. The rays of the clear, unob\-structed light strike the mirror, B, and reflect through the negative, A, through the lens of the camera and on the board, as shown in Fig. 2. The window must be darkened all around the shelf. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After placing the negative and fo\-cusing the lens for a clear image on the board, the shutter is set and a bro\-mide paper is placed on the board. The paper is exposed, developed and fixed by the directions that are en\-closed in the package of bromide paper
s. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4801\absh-2491\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3681\flyanchor1\flycntnt}
\par\pard
}{}{\lang1024}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Making Large Pictures with a Small Camera }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Positioning A Hanging Lamp [111]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Don't pull a lamp hung by flexible cord to one side with a wire and then fasten to a gas pipe. I have seen a wire become red hot in this manner. If the lamp hung by a cord must be pulled over, use a string. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Curious Compressed Air Phenomenon [111] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Push a pin through an ordinary business card and place the card against one end of a spool with the pin inside the bore, as shown in the sketch. Then blow through the spool, and it will be found that the card will not be blown away, but will remain suspend
ed without any visible support. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that the air radiates from the center at a velocity which is nearly constant, thereby producing a partial vacuum between the spool and the card. Can }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-2222\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2161e30a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiment with Spool and Card }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the reader devise a practical application of this contrivance? }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Simple Switch for Reversing a Current [111] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take two strips of copper or brass and fasten them together by means of gutta-percha (Fig. 1); also provide them with a handle. Saw out a rect\-angular block about one and one-half times as long as the brass strips and fasten to it at each end two forked pi
eces of copper or brass, as in Fig. 2. Fasten on the switch lever, as at A and }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 B, Fig. 2, so that it can rotate about these points. Connect the wires as shown in Fig. 3. To reverse, throw }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3552\absh-2597\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4b581037.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Simple Current-Reversing Switch }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the lever from one end of the block to the other. --Contributed by R. L. Thomas, San Marcos, Tex. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Novel Mousetrap [112]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A piece of an old bicycle tire and a glass fruit jar are the only materials required for making this trap. Push one end of the tire into the hole, mak\-ing sure that there is a space left at the end so that the mice can get in. Then }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3576\absh-2640\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5118dd75.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Baitless Trap }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 bend the other end down into a fruit jar or other glass jar. Bait may be placed in the jar if desired, although this is not necessary. --Contributed by Geo. Go McVicker, North Bend, Neb.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Polishing Nickel [112]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A brilliant polish may be given to tarnished nickel by immersing in alco\-hol and 2 per cent of sulphuric acid from 5 to 15 seconds. Take out, wash in running water, rinse in alcohol, and rub dry with linen cloth. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Arc Light [112] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 By rewinding an electric-bell mag\-net with No. 16 wire and connecting it in series with two electric-light car\-bons, as shown in the sketch, a small arc will be formed between the carbon points when the cur\-rent is applied. In the sketch, A is the electric
-bell magnet; B, the armature; C C, carbon sockets; D, carbons, and E E, binding posts. When connected with 10 or 12 dry batteries this lamp gives a fairly good light. --Contributed by Morris L. Levy, San Antonio, Tex. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1637\absh-2971\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert13729\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5334a0ac.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Arc Light }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Lighting an Incandescent Lamp with an Induction Coil [112]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 An incandescent lamp of low candle\-power may be illuminated by connect\-ing to an induction coil in the manner shown in the sketch. One wire is con\-nected to the metal cap of the lamp and the other wire is fastened to the glass tip. If the apparatus is then
 placed in the dark and the current turned on, a peculiar phosphorescent glow will fill the whole interior of the lamp. The induction coil used for this purpose should give a spark about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex109 in. long or more. --Contributed by Jo\-seph B. Bell, Brooklyn. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3552\absh-3130\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3649\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1c031645.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Geissler Tube }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Jump-Spark Coil [113]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The induction coil is probably the most popular piece of apparatus in the electrical laboratory, and particularly is it popular because of its use in experimental wireless telegraphy. Ten years ago wireless telegraphy was a dream of scientists; today it is
 the plaything of school-boys and thousands of grown-up boys as well. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Divested of nearly all technical phrases, an in\-duction coil may be briefly described as a step-up transformer of small ca\-pacity. It comprises a core consisting of a cylindrical bundle of soft-iron wires cut to proper length. By means of two or more layer
s of No. 14 or No. 16 magnet wire, wound evenly about this core, the bundle becomes magnetized when the wire terminals are con\-nected to a source of elec\-tricity. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Should we now slip over this electro\-magnet a paper tube upon which has been wound with regularity a great and continuous length of No. 36 mag\-net wire, it will be found that the lines of force emanating from the energized core penetrate the new coil-windi
ng almost as though it were but a part of the surrounding air itself, and when the battery current is broken rapidly a second electrical current is said to be induced into the second coil or sec\-ondary. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 All or any of the parts of an induc\-tion coil may be purchased ready-made, and the first thing to do is to decide which of the parts the amateur me\-chanic can make and which would be better to buy ready-made. If the builder has had no experience in coil\-wi
nding it would probably pay to pur\-chase the secondary coil ready-wound, as the operation of winding a mile or more of fine wire is very difficult and tedious, and the results are often un\-satisfactory. In ordering the secondary it is always necessary to s
pecify the length of spark desired. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The following method of completing a 1-in. coil illustrates the general de\-tails of the work. The same methods and circuits apply to small and larger coils. The ready-made secondary is in solid cylindrical form, about 6 in. long and 2-5/8 in. diameter, wit
h a hole }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4838\absh-3221\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9249\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m140e1caf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Jump-Spark Coil }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 through the winding 1-1/4 in. in diam\-eter, as shown in Fig. 1. The second\-ary will stand considerable handling without fear of injury, and need not be set into a case until the primary is com\-pleted. The primary is made of fine annealed No. 24 iron wire c
ut 7 in. or 8 in. in length, as the maker prefers, and bundled to a diameter of 7/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. The wires may be straightened by roll\-ing two or three at a time between two pieces of hard wood. If the amateur has difficulty in procuring this wire, the entire core 
may be purchased ready-made. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the core wires are bundled, the core is wrapped with one or two layers of manila paper. The straighter the wire the more iron will enter into the construction of the core, which is de\-sirable. Beginning half an inch from one end, No. 16 cotton-covere
d magnet wire is wound from one end to the other evenly and then returned, mak\-ing two layers, and the terminals tied down to the core with twine. Core and primary are then immersed in boiling paraffine wax to which a small quan\-tity of resin and beeswax h
as been added. This same wax may be used later in sealing the completed coil into a box. Over this primary is now wrapped one layer of okonite tape, or same thickness of heavily shellacked muslin. This completed primary will now allow of slipping into the 
hole in the secondary. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Should the secondary have been pur\-chased without a case, a wooden box of mahogany or oak is made, large enough to contain the secondary and with an inch to spare all around, with room also for a small condenser; but if it is not convenient to do this work
, a box like that shown in Fig. 2 may be purchased at a small cost. A 7/8-in. hole is bored in the center of one end, through which the primary core projects 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex68  }{\charscalex107 in. This core is to be used to attract magnetic\-ally the iron head of a vibrating inter\-rupter
, which is an important factor of the coil. This interrupter is shaped as in Fig. 4, and is fastened to the box in such a way that the vibrator hammer plays in front of the core and also that soldered connections may be made in\-side the box with the screws
 used in affixing the vibrator parts to the box. The condenser is made of four strips of thin paper, 2 yd. long and 5 in. wide, and a sufficient quantity of tin\-foil. When cut and laid in one con\-tinuous length, each piece of tin-foil must overlap the adjo
ining piece a half inch, so as to form a continuous elec\-trical circuit. In shaping the con\-denser, one piece of the paper is laid down, then the strip of tin-foil, then two strips of paper and another layer of foil, and finally the fourth strip of paper. 
This makes a condenser which may be folded, beginning at one end and bending about 6 in. at a time. The condenser is next wrapped se\-curely with bands of paper or tape, and boiled in pure paraffine wax for one hour, after which it is pressed under consider
able weight until firm and hard. One of the sheets of tin-foil is to form one pole of the condenser, and the other sheet, which is insulated from the first, forms the other pole or ter\-minal. (This condenser material is purchasable in long strips, ready fo
r assembling.) }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The wiring diagram, Fig. 3, shows how the connections are made. This method of connecting is suitable for all coils up to 1-1/2 in.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex91\i  }{\charscalex107 spark, but for larger coil better results will be ob\-tained by using an independent type of interrupter, in which a separate
 magnet is used to interrupt the circuit. Besides the magnetic vibrators there are sev\-eral other types, such as the mercury dash-pot and rotary-commutator types, but these will become better known to the amateur as he proceeds in his work and becomes more
 experienced in coil operation. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Combined Door Bell and Electric Alarm [114]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This device consists of a battery and bell connection to an alarm clock which also acts as a door bell, the whole be\-ing mounted on a board 18 in. long and 12 in. wide. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Referring to the sketch accom\-panying this arti\-cle, the letters indicate as follows: A, bell; B, battery ; C, switch; D, V-shaped copper strip; E, copper lever with 1-in. flange turned on one side, whole length, 4 in.; F, spring to throw lever E down in V
-shaped piece to make connection; G, lever to hold out E when device is used as a door bell; lines H, go, one from bell, A, and one from battery, B, to the door; I, shelf for clock. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 See that the ring in the alarm key of the clock works easily, so that when it is square across the clock it will drop down. Fasten a piece of copper about }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1939\absh-3221\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9249\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7419a8ea.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 in. long to key, then wind the alarm just enough so that the key stands straight up and down. Place the clock on the shelf and the key under the flange of lever E. Pull lever G down out of the way and close the lever on the switch. The alarm key will tur
n and drop down, letting lever E drop in\-to the V-shaped piece D and make con\-nection. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For the door-bell connection close lever on switch C, and put G up so that D and E do not come in contact. If anyone is ill and you do not want the bell to ring, open switch C. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The wiring for this device may all be on the back of the board. The switch and levers are fastened with small screw bolts, which allows wiring at the back. Saw two spools in half and fasten the halves to the four corners of the board at the back, and the a
ppara\-tus may be put up where one likes. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Build a Small Brass Furnace [115] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bend a piece of stout sheet iron 23 in. by 12 in. round so that the inside }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1690\absh-2510\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6f2d68a1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 diameter is 7 in., and then rivet the seam. Fit in a round piece of sheet iron for the bottom. Make a hole about the size of a shilling in the side, 2 in. from the bottom. This is for blowing. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Line the furnace, bottom and sides with fire-clay to a depth of 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex108 in. Use charcoal to burn and an ordinary bellows for blowing, says the Model Engineer, London. The best blast is obtained by holding the nozzle of the bellows about an inch from the hole, 
instead of close to it. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Avoid Paper Lamp Shades [115]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Don't wrap paper around a lamp for a shade. You might go away and forget it and a fire might be started from the heat. Use a glass or metal shade. That is what they are for. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Why Gravity Batteries Fail to Work [115] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many amateur electricians and some professionals have had considerable trouble with gravity batteries. They }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3154\absh-3552\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6723e4c1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Setting Up a Gravity Battery }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 follow directions carefully and then fail to get good results. The usual trouble is not with the battery itself, but with the circuit. A gravity battery is suitable only for a circuit which is normally closed. It is therefore un\-desirable for electric bell
s, induction coils and all other open-circuit appara\-tus. The circuit should also have a high resistance. This makes it im\-practical for running fan motors, as the motor would have to be wound with fine wire and it would then require a large number of batt
eries to give a sufficiently high voltage. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 To set up a gravity battery: Use about 3-1/2 lb. of blue stone, or enough to cover the copper element 1 in. Pour in water sufficient to cover the zinc 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex108 in. Short-circuit for three hours, and the battery is ready for use. If desired for use immediately, 
do not short-cir\-cuit, but add 5 or 6 oz. of zinc sulphate. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Keep the dividing line between the blue and white liquids about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. be\-low the bottom of the zinc. If too low, siphon off some of the white liquid and add the same amount of water, but do not agitate or mix the two solutions. This type of battery will 
give about 0.9 of a volt, and should be used on a circuit of about 100 milli-amperes.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Skidoo-Skidee Trick [116] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In a recent issue or Popular Me\-chanics an article on "The Turning Card Puzzle" was described and illus\-trated. Outside of the scientific side involved, herein I describe a much bet\-ter trick. About the time when the expression "skidoo" first began to be u
sed I Invented the following trick and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3310\absh-2087\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35297\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1d2e8e4b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 How to Cut the Notches }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 called it "Skidoo" and "Skidee," which created much merriment. Unless the trick is thoroughly understood, for some it will turn one way, for others the opposite way, while for others it will not revolve at all. One person whom I now recall became red in th
e face by shouting skidoo and skidee at it, but the thing would not move at all, and he finally from vexation threw the trick into the fire and a new one had to be made. Very few can make it turn both ways at will, and therein is the trick. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take a piece of hardwood 3/8 in. square and about 9 in. long. On one of the edges cut a series of notches as indicated in Fig. 1. Then slightly taper the end marked B until it is nicely rounded as shown in Fig. 2. Next make an arm of a two-arm wind\-mill su
ch as boys make. Make a hole through the center or this one arm. Enlarge the hole slightly, enough to allow a common pin to hold the arm to the end B and not interfere with the revolving arm. Two or three of these arms may have to be made before one is sec
ured that is of the exact propor\-tions to catch the vibrations right. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 To operate the trick, grip the stick firmly in one hand, and with the forward and backward motion of the other allow the first finger to slide along the top edge, the second finger along the side, and the thumb nail will then vi\-brate along the notches, th
us making the arm revolve in one direction. To make the arm revolve in the opposite direction--keep the hand moving all the time, so the observer will not detect the change which the hand makes --allow the first finger to slide along the top, as in the oth
er movement, the thumb and second finger changing places: e. g., In the first movement you scratch the notches with the thumb nail while the hand is going from the body, and in the second movement you scratch the notches with the nail of the second finger 
when the hand is coming toward the body, thus produc\-ing two different vibrations. In order to make it work perfectly (}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20?) {\charscalex105 you must or course say "skidoo" when you begin the first movement, and then, no matter how fast the little arm is revolving when chang
ed to the second movement you must say "skidee" and the arm will immediately stop and begin revolving in the opposite direction. By using the magic words the little arm will obey your commands instantly and your audience will be mystified. If any or your a
udience presume to dis\-pute, or think they can do the same let them try it. You will no doubt be accused of blowing or drawing in your breath, and many other things in order to make the arm operate. At least it is amusing. Try it and see. --Con\-tributed by
 Charles Clement Bradley Toledo, Ohio. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Effects of Radium [116]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Radium acts upon the chemical constituents of glass, porcelain and paper, imparting to them a violet tinge; changes white phosphorus to yellow, oxygen to ozone, affects photograph plates and produces many other curious chemical changes. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Naval Speed Record [116] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ul\charscalex64{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 On its official trial trip the British torpedo boat destroyer "Mohawk" at\-tained the record speed of a little over 39 miles an hour. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Enlarge from Life in the Camera [117] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Usually the amateur photographer gets to a point in his work where the miscellaneous taking of everything in sight is somewhat unsatisfying: There are many special fields he may enter, and one of them is photo\-micrography. It is usually under\-stood that th
is branch of pho\-tography means an expensive ap\-paratus. If the worker is not after too high a magnification, however, there is a very simple and effective means of making photomicrographs which re\-quires no additional apparatus that cannot be easily and q
uickly con\-structed at home. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Reproduced with this article is a photograph of dandelion seeds -- a mag\-nification of nine diameters or eighty-\-one times. The apparatus which pro\-duced this photograph consisted of a camera of fairly long draw, a means for holding it vertical, a short-fo
cus lens, and, if possible, but not essential, a means for focusing that lens in a minute manner. On top of the tripod is the folding arrangement, which is easily constructed at home with two hinged boards, an old tripod screw, an old bed plate from a came
ra for the screw to fit in, and two sliding brass pieces with sets crews that may be pur\-chased from any hardware store under the name of desk sliding braces. To the front board is attached a box, car\-rying the lens and the bed of the slid\-ing object carri
er, which can be moved forward and back by the rack and pinion, that also can be obtained from hardware stores. If the bed for the object carrier be attached to the bed of the camera instead of to the front board, the object carrier need have no independen
t movement of its own, focusing being done by the front and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1901\absh-2784\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35553\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1090dadc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 back focus of the camera; but this is less satisfactory, particularly when accurate dimensions are to be deter\-mined, says the Photographic Times. This outfit need not be confined to seeds alone, but small flowers, earth, chemicals, insects, and the thousa
nd and one little things of daily life--all make beautiful subjects for enlarged photographs. These cannot be made by taking an ordinary photograph and enlarging through a lantern. When a gelatine dry plate is magnified nine diameters, the grains of silver
 in the negative will be magnified also and produce a result that will not stand }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3283\absh-4123\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36641\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m46f35e3a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magnified Nine Diameters }
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 close examination. Photographs made by photomicrography can be examined like any other photographs and show no more texture than will any print. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Steel Pen Used in Draftsman's Ink \-Bottle Cork [117] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A steel pen makes an ideal substi\-tute for a quill in the stopper of the draftsman's ink bottle. The advantage of this substitute is that there is always one handy to replace a broken or lost pen, while it is not so with the quill.--Contributed by George C
. Mad\-ison, Boston, Mass. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex108\b How to Make a Pilot Balloon [118]  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20By E. Goddard Jorgensen }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Unusual interest is being displayed in ballooning, and as it is fast becoming the favorite sport many persons would like to know how to construct a min\-iature balloon for making experiments. The following table will give the size, as well as the capacity a
nd lifting power of pilot balloons: }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex122 Diameter.   Cap. in Cu. Ft   Lifting Power. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tqr\tx1\tqr\tx268{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab   {\charscalex115 5 }{\charscalex158 ft.\tab \tab   }{\charscalex115 65 \tab \tab   4 lb. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab   {\charscalex126 6 }{\charscalex153 ft.\tab \tab }{\charscalex126 113 \tab \tab   7 lb. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab   {\charscalex126 7 }{\charscalex158 ft.\tab \tab }{\charscalex126 179 \tab \tab 11 lb. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab   {\charscalex126 8 }{\charscalex148 ft.\tab \tab }{\charscalex126 268 \tab \tab 17 lb. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tqr\tx1\tqr\tx264{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab   {\charscalex126 9 }{\charscalex153 ft. \tab \tab }{\charscalex126 381 \tab \tab 24  lb. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tqr\tx1\tqr\tx268{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex120 10 }{\charscalex153 ft\tab \tab }{\charscalex120 523 \tab \tab 33  lb. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tqr\tx1\tqr\tx259{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex115 11 }{\charscalex148 ft. \tab \tab }{\charscalex115 697\tab \tab 44  lb. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tqr\tx1\tqr\tx264{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex120 12 }{\charscalex142 ft. \tab \tab }{\charscalex120 905\tab \tab 57  lb. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120\tqr\tx1\tqr\tx264{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The material must be cut in suitable shaped gores or segments. In this ar\-ticle we shall confine ourselves to a 10-ft. balloon. If the balloon is 10 ft. in diameter, then the circumference will be approximately 3-1/7 times the di\-ameter, or 31 ft. 5 in. We
 now take one-half this length to make the length of the gore, which is 15 ft. 7-1/2 in. Get a piece of paper 15 ft. 7-1/2 in. long and 3 ft. wide from which to cut a pattern, Fig. 1. A line, AB, is drawn length\-wise and exactly in the middle of the paper,
 and a line, CD, is drawn at right angles to AB and in the middle of the paper lengthways. The intersecting point of AB and CD is used for a cen\-ter to ascribe a circle whose diameter is the same as the width of the paper, or 3 ft. Divide one-quarter of th
e circle }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7147\absh-3374\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36833\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_63c6e196.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pattern for Cutting the Segments }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 into 10 equal parts and also divide one-half of the line AB in 10 equal parts. Perpendicular lines are drawn parallel with the line CD intersecting the division points made on the one-\-half line AB. Horizontal and parallel lines with AB are drawn intersect
ing the division points made on the one-\-quarter circle and intersecting the perpendicular line drawn parallel with CD. A line is now drawn from B to E and from E to F, and so on, until all the intersecting lines are touched and the point C is reached. Thi
s will form the proper curve to cut the pattern. The paper is now folded on the line AB and then on the line CD, keeping the marked part on the outside. The pat\-tern is now cut, cutting all four quar\-ters at the same time, on the curved line from B to C. W
hen the paper is unfolded you will have a pattern as shown in Fig. 2. This pattern is used to mark the cloth, and after marked is cut the same shape and size. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cloth segments are sewed to\-gether, using a fine needle and No. 70 thread, making a double seam as shown in Fig. 3. When all seams are com\-pleted you will have a bag the shape shown in Fig. 4. A small portion of one end or a seam must be left open for 
inflating. A small tube made from the cloth and sewed into one end will make a better place for inflating and to tie up tightly. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 It is now necessary to varnish the }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 bag in order to make it retain the gas. }{\charscalex106 Procure 1 gal. of}{\charscalex82\i\f4  }{\charscalex106 the very best heavy body, boiled linseed oil and immerse the bag in it. The surplus oil is squeezed out by running the bag through an ordinary clothes wringer seve
ral times. The bag is now placed in the sun for a thorough drying. Put the remaining oil in a kettle with 1/8 lb. of beeswax and boil well together. This solution is afterward diluted with tur\-pentine so it will work well. When the bag is dry apply this mi
xture by rub\-bing it on the bag with a piece of flan\-nel. Repeat this operation four times, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3379\absh-2088\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34081\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m18b38c51.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sewing Segments Together }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 being sure of a thorough drying in the sun each time. For indoor coating and drying use a small amount of plumbic oxide. This will dry rapidly in the shade and will not make the oil hard. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fill the bag with air by using a pair of bellows and leave it over night. This test will show if the bag is airtight. If it is not tight then the bag needs another rubbing. The next operation is to fill the bag with gas. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hydrogen gas is made from iron and sulphuric acid. The amounts neces\-sary for a 10-ft. balloon are 125 lb. of iron borings and 125 lb. of sulphuric acid. 1 lb. of iron, 1 lb. of sulphuric acid and 4 lb. of water will make 4 cu. ft. of gas in one hour. Secu
re two empty barrels of about 52 gal. capacity and connect them, as shown in Fig. 5, with 3/4-in. pipe. In the barrel, A, place the iron borings and fill one-half full of clear water. Fill the other barrel, B, with water 2 in. above the level of the water 
in barrel A. This is to give a water pressure head against foaming when the generator is in action. About 15 lb. of lime should be well mixed with the water in the barrel B. All }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3528\absh-2266\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_481fbaf6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 FIG. 5 - The Hydrogen Generator }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 joints must be sealed with plaster of Paris. Pour in one-half of the acid into the barrel, A, with the iron borings. The barrels are kept tight while the generation is going on with the exception of the outlet, C, to the bag. When the action is stopped in 
the generator barrel, A, let the solution run out and fill again as before with water and acid on the iron borings. The outlet, C, should be always con\-nected with the bag while the generator is in action. The 3/4-in. pipe extending down into the cooling t
ank, B, should not enter into the water over 8 in. When filled with gas the balloon is ready for a flight at the will of the operator. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Clean a Clock [119]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is very simple to clean a clock, which may sound rather absurd. For an amateur it is not always necessary to take the clock to pieces. With a little care and patience and using some ben\-zine, a clean white rag, a sable brush and some oil a clock can be 
cleaned and put into first-class running order. The benzine should be clean and free from oil. You can test benzine by putting a little on the back of the hand; if it is good it will dry off, leaving the hand quite clean, but if any grease remains on the h
and, it is not fit to use. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The oil should be of the very best that can be procured. Vegetable oils should never be used. Clock oil can be procured from your druggist or jeweler. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 All loose dirt should be removed from the works by blowing with bel\-lows, or a fan, or dusting with a dry }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20brush; in the latter case great care should be exercised not to injure any of the parts. Dip the brush in the benzine and clean the spindles and spind
le holes, and the teeth of the es\-capement wheel. After washing a part, wipe the brush on the rag and rinse in the benzine; this should be repeated frequently, until no more dirt is seen. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the clock has dried, oil the spindle holes carefully; this may be done with a toothpick or a sliver of woodcut to a fine point. Oil the tooth of the escapement wheel slightly, using a fine brush. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Blueprint Lantern Slides [120]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lantern slides of a blue tone that is a pleasing variety from the usual black may be made from spoiled or old plates which have not been developed, by fix\-ing, washing well and then dipping five minutes in the following solution: }
\par 
\par \pard\plain {\listtext\pard\plain \fs20\f0\fs20\langfe1033\f0\fs20\charscalex112 A.}\ilvl0 \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ls1\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Green Iron ammonium citrate .. 150 gr. ; }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0       Water 1 oz. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112\tx1\tldot\tqr\tx408{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 B.   Potassium ferrocyanide \tab        50 gr. ]; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0       Water 1 oz. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Prepare the solutions separately and mix equal parts for use, at the time of employment. Dry the plates in the dark, and keep in the dark until used. Printing is done in the sun, and a vig\-orous negative must be used, says the Moving Picture World. Exposur
e, 20 to 30 minutes. Wash 10 minutes in running water and dry. Brown or pur\-{\ul ple tones may be had by sensitizing with }the following solution instead of the above: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Distilled water 1 oz. ; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sliver nitrate  50 gr. ; }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex112 Tartaric or citric acid 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex66  }{\charscalex112 oz. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bathe the plates 5 minutes, keeping  the fingers out of the solution, to avoid blackened skin. Dry in the dark. Print to bronzing under a strong negative; fix in hypo, toning first if desired. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Substitute for a Ray Filter [120] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Not many amateur photographers possess a ray filter. A good substitute is to use the orange glass from the ruby lamp. This can be held in position in front of the lens with a rubber band. A longer exposure will be necessary, but good cloud effects can be p
rocured in this manner. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Electric Lamp Experiments [120] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Incandescent electric lamps can be made to glow so that they may be seen in a dark room by rubbing the globe on clothing or with a paper, leather or tinfoil and immediately holding near a 1/2-in. Ruhmkorff coil which is in action but not sparking. The mini
ature 16 \-cp., 20 and 22-volt lamps will show quite brilliantly, but the 110-volt globes will not glow. When experi\-menting with these globes everything should be dry. A cold, dry atmosphere will give best results. }
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 *     *     *     *     *     *     *}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6996\absh-3284\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m582cb536.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Annual Regatta, Port Melbourne, Australia }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Simple Wireless Telegraph [121] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 By ARTHUR E. JOERIN }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi163\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An efficient wireless-telegraph receiv\-ing apparatus for distances up to 1,000 ft. may be constructed in the following manner: Attach a watchcase telephone receiver to a dry cell, or battery, of any make. The negative pole, or zinc, of the cell is connecte
d to a ground wire. This is done by attaching to a gas or water pipe. The positive pole, or carbon, of the cell is connected to the aerial line. This aerial collector can be made in various ways, either by using a screen wire or numerous wires }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3427\absh-2866\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17409\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_25b48945.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For Distances up to 1000 Feet }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 made in an open coil and hung in the air. File a V-shaped groove in the upper end of the carbon of the cell. Attach a small bent copper wire in the binding post that is attached to the zinc of the cell. In the bend of this wire and the V-shaped groove file
d into the carbon, lay a needle. This will complete the receiving station. Use a}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex62  }{\charscalex107 spark coil in connection with a telegraph key for the sending station, making a ground with one wire, and have the other connected with another aerial line. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 By connecting the telephone re\-ceiver to the cell and at the same time having a short circuit a receiving sta\-tion is made. As the telephone offers a high resistance, part of the current will try to take the shorter high resist\-ance through the needle. If 
the waves strike across the needle, the resistance is less, and thus less current travels }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 through the telephone receiver. If the wave ceases, the resistance between the needle and the carbon is increased, and as less current will flow the short way, it is compelled to take the longer metallic way through the windings of the receiver, which will
 cause the click\-ings that can be heard. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Preserve Putty [121]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Putty, when left exposed to the air, will soon become dry and useless. I have kept putty in good condition for more than a year by placing it in a glass jar and keeping it entirely cov\-ered with water. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Small Storage Battery [121] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cell of a storage battery con\-sists of two plates, a positive and a negative, made of lead and placed in a dilute solution of sulphuric acid. Large batteries made of large cells have a great number of plates, both positive and negative, of which all po
s\-itive plates are connected to one ter\-minal and the negative plates to the other terminal. The storage cell, as described below, is the right size to be charged by a few gravity cells and is easily made. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a piece of 1-3/4-in. lead pipe, 5 in. long, and cut both ends smooth and square with the pipe. Solder a circular disk of lead to one end, forming a cup of the pipe. As this cup must hold the sulphuric acid it must be perfectly liquid-tight. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is also necessary to get an\-other lead pipe of the same length but only 3/4 -in. in diameter. In this pipe should be bored as many 1/8-in. holes }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1872\absh-3485\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17825\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3bf04b4f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 as possible, except for about 1 in. on each end. One end of this tube is ham\-mered together as shown at A in the sketch to make a pocket to hold the paste. This, of course, does not need to be watertight. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A box of wood is made to hold the larger tube or cup. This box can be square, and the corners left open around the cup can be filled with sawdust. A support is now made from a block of wood to hold the tube, B, in place and to keep it from touching the cup
 C. This support or block, D, is cut cir\-cular with the same diameter as the lead cup C. The lower portion of the block is cut away so it will just fit in\-side of the cup to form a stopper. The center of this block is now bored to make a hole the same size
 as the smaller lead pipe. Place the lead pipe in the hole and immerse it in smoking hot paraffine wax, and leave it until the wood has become thoroughly saturated with the hot wax. Use care to keep the wax from running on the lead at any place other than 
the end within the wood block. Two binding-posts should be attached, one to the positive, or tube B, and the other to the negative, or tube C, by soldering the joint. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 A paste for the positive plate is made from 1 part sulphuric acid and 1 part water with a sufficient amount of red lead added to make of thick dry con\-sistency. When mixing the acid and water, be sure to add the acid to the water and not the water to the a
cid. Also remember that sulphuric acid will destroy anything that it comes in con\-tact with and will make a painful burn if it touches the hands. Stir the mix\-ture with a stick and when a good dry paste is formed, put it into the smaller tube and ram it do
wn until the tube is almost filled. The paste that may have come through the holes is scraped off and the tube set aside to dry. The large tube or cup is filled with a{\charscalex54  }diluted solution of sulphuric acid. This solution should be about one-twelfth acid. The 
cell is now complete and ready for storing the current. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cell may be charged with three gravity cells. These are connected in series and the positive terminal bind\-ing-post on the storage cell is connected to the wire leading from the copper plate in the gravity cell. The other plate is connected to the zinc
. The first charge should be run into the cell for about one week and all subsequent charges should only take from 10 to 12 hours. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex107 Fitting a Plug in Different Shaped }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20Holes [122]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A certain king offered to give the prince his liberty if he could whittle a plug that would fit four different\- shaped holes, namely: a square hole, a round one, an oblong one and a trian\-gular one, says the Pathfinder. A broomstick was used to make the pl
ug and it was whittled in the shape shown }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3322\absh-1838\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert23393\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6979e10c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fits Four Different Shaped Holes }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 in Fig. 1. The holes in the different places as shown in Fig. 2, were fitted by this one plug. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Lightning Arrester [122] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Secure a piece of wood about 3-1/2 in. square that will furnish a nice finish and round the corners and make a small rounding edge as shown in the sketch. From a piece of brass 1/16 in. thick cut two pieces alike, A and B, and match them to\-gether, leaving
 about 1/16{\charscalex50  }in. be\-tween their upper edges and fasten them to the wood with binding-posts. The third piece of brass, C, is fitted }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1920\absh-1459\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33121\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4d9dc94e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 between the pieces A and B allowing a space of 1/16-in. all around the edge. One binding-post and a small screw will hold the piece of brass, C, in place on the wood. The connections are made from the line wires to the two upper binding-posts and parallel 
from the lower binding-posts to the instrument. The third binding-post on C is connect\-ed to the ground wire. Any heavy charge from lightning will jump the saw teeth part of the brass and is grounded without doing harm to the instruments used. --Contribute
d by Edwin Walker, Chicago, Ill. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Punt [123] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A flat bottom boat is easy to make and is one of the safest boats, as it is not readily overturned. It has the advantage of being rowed from either end, and has plenty of good seating capacity. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This punt, as shown in Fig. 1, is built 15 ft. long, about 20 in. deep and 4 ft. wide. The ends are cut sloping for about 20 in. back and under. The sides are each made up from boards held together with battens on the inside of the boat near the ends and i
n the middle. One wide board should be used for the bottom piece. Two pins are driven in the top board of each side to serve as oarlocks. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bottom is covered with matched boards not over 5 in. wide. These pieces are placed together as closely as possible, using white lead between the joints and nailing them to the edges of the side boards and to a keel strip that runs the length of the pun
t, as shown in Fig. 2. Before nailing the boards place lamp wicking between them and the edges of the side boards. Only galvanized nails should be used. In order to make the punt perfectly water\-tight it is best to use the driest lumber obtainable. At one 
end of the punt a skag and a rudder can be attached as shown in Fig. 3. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4838\absh-3312\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert23681\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_12f2e426.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Easy to Build and Safe to Use }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 Photographers' Printing Frame {\charscalex109 Stand [123] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When using developing papers it is always bothersome to build up books or }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3394\absh-2434\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24321\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_48aa3660.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Adjustable to Any Height }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 small boxes to make a place to set the printing frame in front of the light. Details for making a small stand that is adjustable to any desired height are shown in the sketch. In Fig. 1 is shown the construction of the sliding holder. A piece of 1/4-in. ga
s pipe, A, is cut 1 in. long and fitted with a thumbscrew, B. The piece of pipe is soldered to the middle on the back side of a piece of metal that is about 4 by 4-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 in. with its lower edge turned up to form a small shelf as shown at C. The main part of 
the stand is made by in\-serting a 5/16-in. rod tightly into a block of hard maple wood that is 1 in. thick and 3-1/2 in. square (Fig 2). The pipe that is soldered to the metal support will slide up and down the rod and the thumbscrew can be set to hold it 
at the desired point. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Heat and Expansion [124] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take an electric light bulb from which the air has not been exhausted and immerse it in water and then break off the point. As there is a vacu\-um in the bulb it will quickly fill with water. Shake the bulb gently until a part of the water is out and then s
crew the bulb into a socket with the point always downward. Apply the current and the heated air inside will soon ex\-pand and force the water out with great rapidity. Sometimes this experiment can be done several times by using the same bulb.-Contributed b
y Curtiss Hill, Tacoma, Wash. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Photographing a Streak of Lightning [124] }
\par 
\par 
\pard\plain\absw5904\absh2822\dfrmtxtx181\nowrap\pvpara\posy10\phcol\posx0{\*\flymaincnt224\flyvert15008\flyhorz19456\flyanchor0\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_40a0960a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1024\ab\loch\fs20\lang1024\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying il\-lustration is a remark\-able photograph of a streak of lightning. Many interesting pic\-tures of this kind can be made during a storm at night. The camera is set in a place where it will not get wet and left standing with the shutter open
 and the plate ready for the ex\-posure. Should a light\-ning streak appear within the range of the lens it will be made on the plate, which can be developed in the usual manner. It will require some atten\-tion to that part of the sky within the range of the
 lens so as to not make a double exposure by letting a second flash enter the open lens.--Contributed by Charles H. Wagner.}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 *     *     *     *     *}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Borax may be used as a solvent for shellac gum. }
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 *     *     *     *     *}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex109\b How to Make a Small Single-Phase Induction Motor [124]   }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20By C. H. Bell }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The following notes on a small sin\-gle-phase induction motor, without aux\-iliary phase, which the writer has made, may be of interest to some of our read\-ers, says the Model Engineer. The problem to be solved was the construc\-tion of a motor large enough t
o drive a sewing machine or very light lathe, to be supplied with 110-volt alternating current from a lighting circuit, and to consume, if possible, no more current than a 16-cp. lamp. In designing, it had to be borne in mind that, with the exception of in
sulated wire, no special materials could be obtained. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7147\absh-4190\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24513\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3ecf8cc7.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The principle of an induction motor is quite different from that of the com\-mutator motor. The winding of the armature, or "rotor," has no connection with the outside circuit, but the cur\-rent is induced in it by the action of the alternating current suppl
ied to the winding of the field-magnet, or "sta\-tor." Neither commutator nor slip rings are required, and all sparking is avoided. Unfortunately, this little ma\-chine is not self-starting, but a slight pull on the belt just as the current is turned on is a
ll that is needed, and the motor rapidly gathers speed pro\-vided no load is put on until it is in step with the alternations of the sup\-ply. It then runs at constant speed whether given much or little current, but stops if overloaded for more }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92 than }{\charscalex105 a few se
conds. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The stator has four poles and is built up of pieces of sheet iron used for stove pipes, which runs about 35}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex106 sheets to the inch. All the pieces are alike and cut on the lines with the dimensions as shown in Fig. 1, with the dotted line, C, to be filed out a
fter they are placed together. Each layer of four is placed with the pointed ends of the pieces alternately to the right and left so as to break joints as shown in Fig. 2. The laminations were carefully built up on a board into which heavy wires had been d
riven to keep them in place until all were in position and the whole could be}{\charscalex90\i  }{\charscalex106 clamped down. In the middle of the pieces 1/4-in. holes, B, were then drilled and 1/4-in. bolts put in and tight\-ened up, large holes being cut through the wood to enable this to
 be done. The armature tunnel was then carefully filed out and all taken apart again so that the rough edges could be scraped off and the laminations given a thin coat of shellac varnish on one side. Af\-ter assembling a second time, the bolts were coated w
ith shellac and put into place for good. Holes 5-32 in. in di\-ameter were drilled in the corners, A, and filled with rivets, also varnished before they were put in. When put to\-gether they should make a piece 2 in. thick. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This peculiar construction was adopted because proper stampings were not available, and as every bit of sheet iron had to be cut with a small pair of tinners' snips, it was important to have a very simple outline for the pieces. They are not particularly a
ccurate as it is, and when some of them got out of their proper order while being varnished, an awkward job occurred in the magnet which was never entirely corrected. No doubt some energy is lost through the large number of joints, all representing breaks 
in the magnetic circuit, but as the laminations are tightly held to\-gether and the circuit is about as com\-pact as it could possibly be, probably the loss is not as great as it would ap\-pear at first sight. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The rotor is made of laminations cut from sheet iron, as shown in Fig. 3, which were varnished lightly on one side and clamped on the shaft between two nuts in the usual way. A very slight cut was taken in the lathe afterwards to true the circumference. Th
e shaft was turned from 1/2-in. wrought iron, no steel being obtainable, and is shown with dimensions in Fig. 4. The bear\-ings were cast of babbitt metal, as shown in Fig. 5, in a wooden mold and bored to size with a twist drill in the lathe. They are fitt
ed with ordinary wick lubricators. Figures 6 and 7 are sections showing the general arrange\-ment of the machine. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The stator is wound full with No. 22}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex106 double cotton-covered copper wire, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6931\absh-3341\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22401\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_456ba042.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 about 2-1/2 lb. being used, and the connec\-tions are such as to produce alternate poles--that is, the end of the first coil is joined to the end of the second the beginning of the second to the begin\-ning of the third, and the end of the third to the end o
f the fourth, while the beginnings of the first and fourth coils connect to the supply. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The rotor is wound with No. 24 double cotton-covered copper wire, each limb being filled with about 200 turns, and all wound in the same direction. The four commencing ends are con\-nected together on one side of the rotor and the four finishing ends are so
ldered together on the other. All winding spaces are carefully covered with two layers of cambric soaked in shellac, and as each layer of wire was wound, it was well saturated with varnish before the next was put on. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This type of motor has drawbacks, as before stated, but if regular stampings are used for the laminations, it would be very simple to build, having no com\-mutator or brushes, and would not eas\-ily get out of order. No starting resist\-ance is needed, and as
 the motor runs at constant speed, depending upon the number of alternations of the supply, a regulating resistance is not needed. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Carbolic Acid Burns [126]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The pain of carbolic acid burns can be relieved promptly by washing with alcohol, if applied immediately. If too late for alcohol to be of use, brush with water containing saturated solution of picric acid. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Paper Book Cover [126] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Book covers become soiled in han\-dling and especially school books. Vari\-ous methods are applied for making a temporary cover that will protect the book cover. A paper cover can be quickly made by using a piece of paper larger than both covers on the book 
when they are open. Fold the paper on the long dotted line, as shown in Fig. {\charscalex122 1. }When the folds are made the paper should then be just as wide as the book cover is high. The ends are then folded on the short dotted lines, which will make it appear as shown 
in Fig. 2. The paper thus folded is placed on the book cover as shown in Fig. 3-Contributed by C. E. McKinney, Jr., Newark, N. J. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3461\absh-2976\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_72b3d6be.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex92{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To Protect Book Covers }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Lantern Slides [127] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The popularity of lantern slides, and especially of colored ones, as a means of illustrating songs, has caused so large a demand for this class of work that almost any amateur may take up slide making at a good profit. The lantern slide is a glass plate, c
oated with slow and extremely fine-grained emulsion. The size is 3-1/4 by 4 in. A lantern slide is merely a print on a glass plate in\-stead of on paper. Lantern slides can be made in two different ways. One is by contact, exactly the same as a print is mad
e on paper, and the other by reduction in the camera. In mak\-ing slides by contact, select the neg\-ative and place it in the printing frame and put the lantern plate upon it, film to film. Clamp down the back and expose just as in making a print. A good me
thod of exposing is to hold a lighted match about 3 in. from the frame for three or more seconds accord\-ing to the density. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Development is carried on in the same manner as with a negative. The image should appear in. about a minute, and development should be over in three or four minutes. If the exposure has been correct, the high lights will stay white throughout the developme
nt and will come out as clear glass after fixing. It is best to use the developers recommended by the manufacturer of the plates used, the formulas being found in each package of plates. It is best, also, to use a plain fixing bath, which must be fresh and
 kept as cool as possible in hot weather. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The lantern-slide film that is new on the market can be handled in the same manner as the glass-plate slide, except that the binding is different. The re\-sults are the same and the slides are not so bulky to handle. Being un\-breakable, they are much used b
y travelers. The manner of binding them for use in a lantern is described on the circular enclosed with the film. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7397\absh-4440\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19777\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_42760fd6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Camera as It is Arranged in Front of the Window for Reducing the Size of a Picture, and the Method of Binding the Slides }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 When the negative is larger than the lantern-slide plate, and it is desir\-able to reduce the entire view upon the slide, a little extra work will be necessary. Select a room with one window, if possible, and fit a light\--proof frame into it to keep out all
 light with the exception of a hole in which to place the negative, as shown in Fig. 1. Unless this hole is on a line with the sky it will be necessary to place a sheet of white cardboard at an }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 angle of 45 deg. on the outside of the frame to reflect the li
ght through the negative as shown in Fig. 2. Make or secure an inside kit to place in the plate holder of your camera to hold the lantern slide plate as shown in Fig. 3. Draw lines with a pencil, out\-lining on the ground glass of the camera the size of the
 lantern slide plate, and in the place where the plate will be in the plate holder when placed in position in the camera. This will enable you to focus to the proper size. Place the camera in front of the hole in the frame, place the negative in the hole a
nd focus the camera for the lan\-tern slide size. Expose with a medium stop for about 20 seconds and treat the plate the same as with the contact exposure. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When dry the lantern slide plate may be tinted any color by means of liquid colors. These can be purchased from any photo material store. In coloring the slide plate it is only necessary to moisten the gelatine film from time to time with a piece of cloth 
dampened in water. The colors may then be spread evenly with a soft brush, which should be kept in motion to prevent spots. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The slide is put together by placing a mat made of black paper, as shown in Fig. 4, on the gelatine side of the lantern slide, A, Fig. 5, and then a plain glass, B, over the mat, C, and the three bound together with passe\-partout tape, D. Contrasty negativ
es make the best slides, but the lantern slide plate should be made without any attempt to gain density. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b HOW TO MAKE A PORCH SWING CHAIR [128] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The material needed for making this porch swing chair are two pieces of round wood 2-1/2 in. in diameter and 20 in. long, and two pieces 1-1/4 in. in diam\-eter and 40 in. long. These longer pieces can be made square, but for ap\-pearance it is best to have 
them round or square with the corners rounded. A piece of canvas, or other stout cloth, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 16 }{\charscalex105 in. wide and 50 in. long, is to be used for the seat. The two short pieces of wood are used for the ends of the chair and two 1-in. holes are bored in each end of th
em 1-1/2 in. from the ends, and between the holes and the ends grooves are cut around them to make a place to fasten ropes, as shown at B, Fig. }{\charscalex115 1. }{\charscalex105 The two longer pieces are used for the sides and a tenon is cut on each end of them to fit in the 1-in. holes
 bored in the end pieces, as shown at A, Fig. }{\charscalex115 1. }{\charscalex105 The canvas is now tacked on the end pieces and the pieces given one turn before placing the mortising together. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4819\absh-2866\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17409\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3c542e4b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The chair is now hung up to the porch ceiling with ropes attached to a large screw eye or hook. The end of the chair to be used for the lower part is held about 16 in. from the floor with ropes direct from the grooves in the end pieces to the hook. The upp
er end is supported by using a rope in the form of a loop or bail, as shown in Fig. 2. The middle of the loop or bail should be about 15 in. from the end piece of the chair. Another rope is attached to the loop and through the hook and to a slide as shown.
 This will allow for adjustment tp}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex80  }{\charscalex105 make the device into a chair or a hammock\- --Contributed by Earl }R. {\charscalex105 Hastings, Corinth, Vt. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 How {\charscalex106 to Find the Blind Spot in the }{\charscalex108 Eye [129]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Make a small black circular dot 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. in diameter on a piece of cardboard and about 3 in. from the center of this dot draw a star. Hold the card\-board so that the star will be directly in front of one eye, while the dot will be in front of the other. If 
the star is in front of the left eye, close the right eye and look steadily at the star while you move the cardboard until the point is reached where the dot disap\-pears. This will prove the presence of a blind spot in a person's eye. The other eye can be 
given the same ex\-periment by turning the cardboard end for end. The blind spot does not indi\-cate diseased eyes, but it simply marks the point where the optic nerve enters the eyeball, which point is not pro\-vided with the necessary visual end or\-gans of 
the sight, known as rods and cones. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Beeswax Substitute [129]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A wax from the rafie palm of Mada\-gascar is being used as a substitute for beeswax. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Water Wheel Does Family Washing [129]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5338\absh-4186\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20193\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_551372c9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The accompanying sketch illustrates a very ingenious device which does the family washing, as well as to operate other household machines. A disk 1 in. in thickness and 10 in. in diameter was cut from a piece of rough board, and on its circumference were n
ailed a number of cup-shaped pieces cut from old tin cans. A hole was then bored through the center of the disk and an old piece of iron rod was driven through to form a shaft. Two holes were then bored opposite each other through the sides of a wooden box
 in which the disk was placed, allowing the shaft to project through the holes. A small grooved wooden pulley was driven tightly on one of the projecting ends of the shaft. The top of the box was then tightly closed and a hole, large enough to admit the no
zzle of a gar\-den hose, was bored so that the jet of water would flow upon the tin buckets that were nailed to the circumference of the wheel or disk. Another hole was bored in the bottom of the box large enough to allow the waste water to run away freely.
 A belt, made from an ordinary sash cord, was run from the small pulley on the waterwheel to a large pulley, as shown in Fig. 1. A pitman was attached to the large pul\-ley, which operates the washing ma\-chine by its reciprocating motion, and the length of 
the stroke is adjusted by moving the position of the hinge joint on the arm of the washing machine, as shown in Fig. 2. The pressure at the nozzle is about 20 lb. per square inch, and is sufficient to drive the water\-wheel under all ordinary circum\-stances
.-Contributed by P. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex123 J. }{\charscalex82\b O'Gara, }{\charscalex105 Auburn, Cal, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Optical Illusion [130]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When looking at the accompanying sketch you will say that the letters are alternately inclined to the right and left. They are not so and can be proved by measuring the distance of the top and bottom of any vertical strokes from the edge of the entire bloc
k. They will be found to be exactly the same distance. Or take any of the horizontal strokes of the four let\-ters and see how far their extremities are from the top and bottom of the entire block. It will be found that a line joining the extremities of the
 strokes are strictly parallel to the top or bottom and that they are not on a slant at all. It is the slant of the numerous short lines that go to make up the letter as a whole that deceives the eye. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4723\absh-2419\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m64db6eaa.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Micrometer [130] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi268\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi268\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 It often becomes necessary to find the thickness of material so thin, or incon\-venient to measure, that a rule or other measuring device will not serve the pur\-pose. A simple, fairly accurate, and easily made apparatus of the microme\-ter form may be constr
ucted as shown by the accompanying sketch. Secure a common iron or brass bolt about 1/4-in. in diameter and about 2-1/2 in. long, with as fine a thread as possible, and the thread cut to within a short distance of the head of the bolt. The head of the bolt
s should have a slot cut for the use of a screwdriver. Clamp together two blocks of wood with square corners which are about 1 in. wide, 3/4{\charscalex50\f4  }in. thick and 2-1/2 in. long and fasten them to\-gether with small pieces nailed across the ends. The width of the b
locks will then be about 2 in. Bore a 1/4-in. hole through the center of the blocks in the 2 in. direction. Remove the clamp and set the nut into one of the blocks, so that the hole will be continuous with the hole in the wood. Cut out a piece from the blo
ck combination, leaving it shaped like a bench, and glue the bot\-toms of the legs to a piece of thin board about 2-1/2 in. square for a support. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Solder one end of a stiff wire that is about 2 in. long to the head of the bolt at right angles to the shaft, and fix a disc of heavy pasteboard with a radius equal to the length of the wire, and with its circumference graduated into equal spaces, to serve
 in measuring revolutions of the end of the wire, to the top of the bench. Put the bolt in the hole, screwing it through the nut, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3374\absh-2314\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert23073\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m447db753.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and the construction is complete. The base is improved for the measuring work by fastening a small piece of wood on the board between the legs of the bench. A small piece of metal is glued on this piece of wood at the point where the bolt meets it. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Find the number of threads of the screw to the inch by placing the bolt on a measuring rule, and counting the threads in an inch of its length. The bolt in making one revolution will de\-scend a distance equal to the distance between the threads. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The device is used by placing the ob\-ject whose thickness is to be measured on the base under the bolt, and screw\-ing the bolt down until its end just touches the object, then removing the object, and screwing the bolt down until its end just touches the b
ase, carefully noting while doing so the distance that the end of the wire moves over the scale. The part of a rotation of the bolt, or the number of rotations with any additional parts of a rotation added, divided by the number of threads to the inch, wil
l be the thickness of the object. Quite accurate measurements may be made with this instrument, says the Scientific American, and in the absence of the ex\-pensive micrometer, it serves a very use\-ful purpose. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Another Electric Lamp Experiment [131] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Break a portion of the end off from a 16-cp. globe that has been thrown away as useless. Shake the globe until all the filament is broken away, leav\-ing only the ends of the platinum wire exposed. Screw the globe into a socket that sets upright and fill it
 with salt water. Make one connection to the socket from the positive wire of a 110 \-volt circuit and the other to a ground. When the current is turned on small stars will be seen in the globe, which show up fine at night. --Contributed by Lindsay McMillan
, Santa Maria, Oal.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing Ink Stains [131]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two or three applications of milk which are wiped up with a dry cloth will remove india ink spots on carpets. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Feat of Balancing on Chairs [131] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3360\absh-2976\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2e133b79.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Among the numerous physical exer\-cises is the feat of balancing on the two rear legs of a chair while one foot rests on the front part of the seat and the other on the back of the chair. This may appear to be a hard thing to do, yet with a little practice 
it may be ac\-complished. This exercise is one of many practiced by the boys of a boys' home for an annual display given by them. A dozen of the boys will mount chairs at the same time and keep them in balance at the word of a command\-ing officer.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex106 How to Make a Merry-Go-Round }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex112 Swing [131] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A 6 by 6-in. piece of wood 12 ft. long is used for the center pole. Bore a 3/4-in. hole in each end to a depth of 6 in. Place a 3/4-in. bolt in each hole, the bolt being long enough to protrude 2 in. beyond the end of the wood. Short pieces of wood are nai
led on the center pole about 2 ft. from the end that is to be used for the bottom. This should form a hub on which to place the inner ends of the extending spokes that hold the platform. The spokes are made from twelve pieces of 2 by 4-in. mate\-rial 12 ft.
 long. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Usually a wheel can be found in a scrap pile suitable to place on the pin that is in the top end of the center pole. The wheel should be open }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4757\absh-3000\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1b0225f1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Side and Top View }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 or have spokes. This wheel is used to at\-tach wires for guying. The bottom pin in the center pole is placed in a hole that is bored into a block of wood about 12-in. square and 3 or 4 in. thick. A piece of sheet metal should be drilled and placed on the pi
n be\-tween the block and end of the pole to make a smooth bearing. The center pole is now placed in position and guyed with six wires that are about 35 ft. long. Stakes are driven into the ground and the wires fastened to them and to the wheel at the top e
nd of the pole. Care should be taken when at\-taching the wires to get the center pole to stand perpendicular. Twelve hooks should be placed at equal dis\-tances around the center pole about 1 ft. from the top end. Wires are fast\-ened to these hooks and to t
he twelve 2 by 4-in. pieces used for the spokes. The wires should be tied around each spoke about 2 ft. from the ends. Space the spokes with equal divisions and cover the outer 2 ft. of the ends with boards, as shown in the plan sketch on the right hand en
d of the drawing. The boards may be nailed or bolted. If bolted and the wires made in a loop at the hooks, the swing can easily be taken apart and changed from one place to another.-Contributed by A. O. Graham, Fort Worth, Tex. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Arc Lamp [132] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The frame of the lamp is made from bar metal 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 in. wide and 1/8}{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 in. thick, bent and welded to make a con\-tinuous loop in the shape as shown at G in the sketch. This frame should be about 10-1/2 in. long with the up\-per or wider part 4 in. long, and the l
ower part 6-1/2 in. long. The width should be about 5-1/4 in. at }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1901\absh-2938\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert21985\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2b21796b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 the top and 4 in. at the bottom. A cross bar, L, made of the same mate\-rial, is fitted into the off-set in the frame and riveted. Holes are drilled through the frame and brass bushings, H and }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex122 J, }{\charscalex105 are fitted for bearings to re\-ceive the adjusting brass rod, 
B, which should be 1/4 }{\charscalex50\i  }{\charscalex105 in. in diameter. A brass curtain rod can be used for the rod B, and on its lower end a socket, P, is soldered. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 A piece of brass 2 in. long, 1/2 in. wide and 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 in. thick is used for the arma\-ture, A, to be operated by the magnet coil, C. The coil, C, is made in the usual manner by wrapping No. 14 cot\-ton-covered magnet wire on a wooden spool that has a soft iron c
ore. The spool is about 2-1/2 in. long. The arma\-ture, A, is drilled, making a hole just a little larger than the rod, B, and is ad\-justed in place by two set screws, D and }{\charscalex108 E. }{\charscalex105 A soft piece of iron, F, is fast\-ened to the opposite end of the arma\-ture with 
a screw, which should be placed directly under the end of the coil's core. This end of the armature may be kept from swinging around by placing it between a U-shaped piece of brass fastened to the cross piece L. At the bottom end of the frame, and di\-rectl
y centering the holes H and }{\charscalex131 J, }{\charscalex105 a hole is drilled to receive a hard rubber bushing, R, for insulating the brass fer\-rule, S, that holds the lower carbon. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 One connection is made from the main to the upper binding-post, which is in turn connected to one terminal of the coil, C, the other coil terminal being attached to the frame. The other main connection is made to the lower binding-post, which is also conne
cted to the brass ferrule, S, by soldering. The two binding-posts are insulated from the frame the same as the ferrule S. When using on a 110-volt circuit there must be some resistance in con\-nection, which may be had by using German silver wire, or a wate
r rheostat heretofore described. --Contributed by Arthur D. Bradlev. Randolph, Mass. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Irrigation [132]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Mexican government has appro\-priated $25,000,000 for irrigation work.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Hang Your Hat on a Lead Pencil [133] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take a smooth hexagon lead pencil, one without either rubber or metal end, and place it against a door or window casing; then with a firm, heavy pressure slide the pencil some 3 or 4 in. and it will stay as if glued to the casing. You may now hang your hat
 on the end of the pencil. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 When}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89\f4  }{\charscalex108 you slide the pencil along the casing, do it without any apparent effort, and it will appear to your audience as though you had hyp\-notized it. This is a very neat trick if performed right. Figure 1 shows the pencil on the casing and Fig. 2 the hat ha
nging on it. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1944\absh-1944\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39265\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6d67c7bf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Tying a Knot for Footballs [133] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 One of the most prominent English football clubs kept the tying of this knot on the rubber hose of their foot\-ball a secret and never allowed all of its members to know how it was tied. This tie can be used on grain sacks, and in numerous other like instan
ces. Make one loop in the cord and then another exactly the same way, as }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3360\absh-1690\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39777\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1036af76.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Secure Knot }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 shown in Fig. 1, placing the end of the cord under the first loop, then pulling at each end of the cord as in Fig. 2.--A.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111 E.J.}{\charscalex91  }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex91{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108\tx3870{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Stove polish [133] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108\tx3870{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108\tx3870{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi180\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stove polish consists of 2 parts graphite, 4 parts copperas and 2 parts bone black, mixed with water to form a paste. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108\tx5850{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Give an Electric Shock While Shaking Hands [133] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There is nothing quite so startling as to receive an electric shock unex\-pectedly and such a shock may be given to a friend while shaking hands upon meeting. The shock produced is not harmful and the apparatus can be carried in the pocket. It consists of a
 small induction coil that can be constructed at home. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The core of the coil, A, Fig. 1, is con\-structed in the usual manner, of small soft-iron wire to make a bundle about 3/16 in. in diameter and 2 in. long. The coil ends are made from card\-board, about 1 in. in diameter, with a 3/16-in. hole in the center. T
he hole}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3446\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_746ae91d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Induction Coil }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 should be cut as shown in Fig. 2, so as to have four small pieces that can be bent out, leaving the projections as shown. After wrapping three or four turns of paper around the bundle of wires the cardboard ends are put on with the projections inside, so t
he coils of wire will hold them in place. About 70 turns of No. 24 gauge double \-covered magnet wire is first placed on the core, for the primary, and then 1,500 turns of No. 32 or 34 gauge double-covered wire is wrapped on top of the primary, for the seco
ndary. Suf\-ficient length of wire must be left out\-side at each end of both windings to make connections. The vibrator B, Fig. 1, and the support C are made from thin spring steel, about 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex68  }{\charscalex108 in. wide, bent as shown and securely fastened to the cardboard en
d of the coil. The armature is made from a soft piece of iron, about 3/16 in. in diameter and 1/16}{\charscalex50\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, which is }{\charscalex105 soldered to the end of the vibrator di\-rectly opposite the end of the core. A small screw is fitted in the end of the support, C, for adj
ustment, which should be tipped with platinum and also a small piece of platinum placed where the screw will touch the vibra\-tor, }B. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 One of the primary wires is con\-nected to the screw support. The vi\-brator, is connected to a flash lamp bat\-tery, D. The other primary wire is connected to a switch, S, which in turn is connected to the other terminal of}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109\f4  }{\charscalex105 the battery. The switch, S, may be
 made from a 3/8-in. cork with the wires put through about 3/16}{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 in. apart and allow them to project about 1/2}{\charscalex50\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. The plate }E {\charscalex105 is cut about 1/2}{\charscalex50\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. square from a piece of copper and is fastened to the heel of one shoe and connected with a wire from the seco
ndary coil which must be concealed inside of the trouser leg. The other secondary wire is connected through the coat sleeve to a finger ring, F. The vibrator screw must be properly adjusted. When the vi\-brator is not working the armature should be about 1/
16}{\charscalex50\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. from the core and directly opposite. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The coil when complete will be about 2-1/2 in. long and 1 in. in diameter. The coil can be placed in an old box that has been used for talcum powder or shaving stick. The space around the coil in the box can be filled with paper to keep it tight. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The coil and battery are carried in the pockets and the cork button put in the outside coat pocket, where it can be pressed without attracting attention. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Experiment with Heat [134] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1555\absh-1450\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert38817\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3f55ded0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place a small piece of paper, lighted, in an ordinary water glass. While the pa\-per is burning turn the glass over and set into a saucer pre\-viously filled with water. The water will rapidly rise in the glass, as shown in the sketch. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Attach a Combination Trunk Lock [134] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3422\absh-5155\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51233\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5c193f41.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A small combination lock for chests can be purchased for a small sum of money and attached to a trunk cover after first removing the old lock as shown in Fig. 1. It is necessary to add 1/2-in. to the thickness of the trunk lid or cover. This may be done by
 placing a brass plate 1/8-in. thick on the outside and a board 3/8-in. thick on the inside. The lock, brass plate, board and trunk cover are all securely riveted together. The support for the dial is soldered to the brass plate. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The hasp, if that be the name for the double toothed arrangement that catches into the lock, was to be se\-cured by only three brass screws, which seemed to be insufficient, says a correspondent of the Metal Worker; therefore a piece of heavy tin was formed
 over the front of the trunk, which is only 3/8-in. board, the hasp tinned and soldered to the back of the now U-shaped tin, and the tin placed over the board and all fastened in posi}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20tion. The tin is 4 in. wide, 16 in. long and when placed over the board, 
it laps down about 8 in. between the boards, and the same distance inside of the new board, as shown by the heavy line in the cross section, Fig. {\charscalex118 1. }Wrought nails are used which pass twice through the tin and both boards, and then well clinched. The three 
screws were then put in the hasp. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The knob on the dial extends out too far, which may be filed off and two holes substituted, as shown, with which to operate the dial. An old key is filed down in the shape shown in Fig. 2 to fit the two holes. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 As the dial is convex it will need protection to prevent injury by rough handling. A leather shield may be used for this purpose, which is cut with two holes, one for the key and the other to permit the operator to observe the numbers on the dial. The shie
ld answers a further purpose of preventing any bystander from noting the numbers on the dial. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b AN ELECTRIC ILLUSION BOX [135] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying engravings show a most interesting form of electrically operated illusion consisting of a box divided diagonally and each division alternately lighted with an electric lamp. By means of an automatic thermostat arranged in the lamp circuit 
causing the lamps to light successively, an aquarium apparently without fish one moment is in the next instant swarming with live gold fish; an empty vase viewed through the open\-ing in the box suddenly is filled with flowers, or an empty cigar box is seen
 and immediately is filled with cigars. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 These electric magic boxes as shown are made of metal and oxidized copper finished, but for ordinary use they can be made of wood in the same shape and size. The upper magic boxes as are shown in the engraving are about 12 in. square and 8-1/2 in. high for
 parlor use and the lower boxes are 18 in. square and 10-1/2{\charscalex67  }in. high for use in window displays. There is a partition arranged diagonally in the box as shown in the plan view, which completely divides the box into two parts. One-half the partition is fitt
ed with a plain, clear glass as shown. The partition and interior of the box are rendered non-reflecting by painting with a dull, not shiny, black color.  When making of wood, a door must be provided on the side or rear to make changes of exhibits. If the 
box is made large enough, or in the larger size men\-tioned, openings may be made in the bottom for this purpose, and also used in case of performing the magic trick of allowing two persons to place their }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4781\absh-2530\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33057\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m49a962cd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Construction of Magic Boxes }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 heads in the box and change from one to the other. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The electric globes are inserted as shown at LL through the top of the box, one in each division. When the rear part is illuminated, any article arranged within that part will be vis\-ible to the spectator looking into the box through the front opening, but
 when the front part is illuminated, and the back left dark, any article placed therein will be reflected in. the glass, which takes the same position to the observer as the one in the rear. Thus a plain aquarium is set in the rear part and one with swimmi
ng fish placed in }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6912\absh-3922\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert61057\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m352d5fba.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Four Electric Magic Boxes Complete for Use }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the front, and with the proper illumi\-nation one is changed, as it appears, into the other. When using as a win\-dow display, place the goods in one part and the price in the other. Many other changes can be made at the will of the operator. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric lamps may be controlled by various means to produce different ef\-fects. Lamps may be connected in parallel and each turned on or off by means of a hand-operated switch or the button on the lamp socket, or if de\-sired a hand-operated adjustable re\-
sistance may be included in the circuit of each lamp for gradually causing the object to fade away or reappear slowly. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Instead of changing the current op\-erated by hand, this may be done auto\-matically by connecting the lamps in parallel on the lighting circuit and each connected in series with a thermostatic switch plug provided with a heating coil which operates to autom
atically open and close the circuit through the respective lamp. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When there is no electric current available, matches or candles may be used and inserted through the holes H, as shown in the sketch, alternately. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Replace Dry Putty [136]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Painting over putty that has not be\-come dry will cause scaling or cracking around the edges of the putty. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Photo Print Washing Tank [136] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch shows a simple form of a print washing tank that tips from side to side by the weight of the water. For prints 4 by 5 and 5 by 7-in. a tank 2 ft. long and 1 ft. wide will be about the right size. This tank is then divided with a par
tition placed exactly in the center. This par\-tition should extend 3 or 4 in. above the top of the tank. The partition may also extend below the tank about 1-1/2 in., or a piece of this width put on the bottom, as shown at A in the sketch. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-2597\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7453539f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Keeps Prints Constantly Moving }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A row of holes about 1/2 in. in diameter is bored through each end of the tank, as shown at B. These holes will allow the water to spill out while the oppo\-site side is filling. The tank may be made from 1/2-in. material and when completed as shown, lined 
with oil cloth to make it watertight. The tank is placed with the partition directly under a water tap and the flow of water will cause it to tip from time to time, keep\-ing the prints constantly moving about in the water. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Soldering Clamps [137] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Take a cotter pin and bend it over a small rod to bring the points together, as shown in the sketch. This will make a spring clamp that is opened to slip over the articles to be clamped together by inserting a scratch awl or scriber between the legs at the
 bowed portion. To make a more positive clamp before bending the legs to a bow, slip a short coil of wire over the pin, passing it down to the ring end. Wire 1/32{\charscalex156  }in. in diameter wound over a wire slightly larger in diameter than that of the cotter will do
. In soldering, smoke the legs well to avoid solder adhering to them. The clamp is tightened by pushing up the coil ring toward the bow of the legs and then twisting it like a nut, the coil being wound right-\-handed, so that it will have a screw effect. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1262\absh-2438\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert50369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m396e0a52.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Telephone Experiment [137]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the small apparatus, as shown in the accompanying sketch, is attached to the under side of an ordinary dining table, it will, if connected to a tele\-phone circuit, set the table in vibra\-tion, so that any number of people who put their ears flat upon th
e table will hear the voice of a person speak\-ing from a distance, apparently com\-ing out of the table, says the Model Engineer.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A small piece of wood, A, Fig. 1, is cut about 5 in. square, to the center of which is attached a small piece of soft iron wire, such as used for cores }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-3043\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert52865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5a701a71.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Mechanical }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20Table Talk }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 of induction coils, about 4 in. long and bent in the form of a hook at the lower end, as shown at B. This wire is at\-tached to the block of wood, A, as shown in Fig. 2. The end of the wire is soldered to a small brass plate which is set in the block so it 
will be level or flush with the top of the block and then fastened with two screws. The block A is fastened to the under side of the table with two screws. A small coil, C, is made by winding No.{\i  }24 silk or cotton covered wire around a small tube, either a
 piece of glass, a short straw or a quill. The coil is made tapering as shown without using wood ends. This coil is slipped over the wire B previous to soldering it to the small brass plate. The ends of the coil are connected to two bind\-ing-posts which ar
e fastened to the block A. A small lead weight weigh\-ing 2 or 3 oz. is hung on the hook made in the lower end of the wire B. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When all connections are made, as shown in Fig. 1, and the block fas\-tened to the under side of the table, the apparatus is ready for use, and has only to be connected to an ordinary telephone transmitter and batteries as shown. The apparatus will work to 
a certain extent even if the weight is re\-moved, though not so clear. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Wax Wood Screws [137]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Some workmen use tallow on lag or wood screws. Try beeswax for this purpose. It is much cleaner to use and is just as good if not better.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex107 How to }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex119\f4 Make an }{\charscalex107 Induction Coil [138] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 A small shocking coil, suitable for medical purposes, may be constructed {\charscalex85\b of }materials found in nearly every ama\-teur mechanic's collection of odds and ends. The core, A, Fig. 1, is a piece of round soft iron rod about 1/4{\charscalex50  }in. in diameter and about 4 in. lo
ng. A strip of stiff paper about 3/4 in. wide is cov\-ered with glue and wrapped around one end of the core, as shown at B, until the diameter is about 3/8{\charscalex50  }in. The por\-tion of the core remain\-ing uncovered is then wrapped with a piece of paper about 4 in. w
ide. No glue is used on this piece, as it is removed later to form the space, C, after the paper shell, D, has been wound upon it. This paper shell is made of stiff paper and glue the same as B and is made about 3/64 in. thick. Two pieces of hardwood, EE, 
1-3/4 in. square and about 5/16{\charscalex50  }in. thick, are drilled in the center and glued on the ends of the paper shell as shown. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The primary winding consists of 4 or 5 layers of No. 18 or 20 single cotton-covered magnet wire, the ends of which may be passed through small holes in the wooden ends. If a drill small enough is not available, the holes may be made with a hot knitting nee
dle or a piece of wire heated to redness. After the primary coil is wound it should be thoroughly in\-sulated before winding the secondary. This may be done by wrapping with 4 or 5 thicknesses of paper. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The secondary coil should be wound with single covered wire, preferably silk-covered, although cotton will do. The more turns there are on the secondary the higher the voltage will be, so the wire used must be fine. Num\-ber 32 to 36 will give good results,
 the latter giving more voltage but less am\-perage. Each layer of the secondary winding should be insulated from the others by a piece of thin paraffined paper wrapped over each layer as it is finished. It is well not to wind to the extreme ends of the pap
er insulations, but to leave a space of about 1/8-in. at each end of the wind\-ing to prevent the wires of one layer slipping over the ends of the paraffin }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4814\absh-2016\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert50625\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m79d50baa.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 paper and coming in contact with the layer beneath, thus causing a short cir\-cuit. The secondary winding should have at least a dozen layers and should be carefully wound to prevent short circuiting. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In order to reduce the strength of the current a piece of brass tubing, F, is pushed into the space, C, sur\-rounding the core, or if no brass tub\-ing of the required size is on hand, roll a paper tube, cover with 4 or 5 thick\-nesses of tinfoil and then wra
p with more paper, using glue to hold the tin\-foil in place and to keep the tube from unwinding. When the tube is pushed all the way in, the current produced }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3408\absh-1642\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert38369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2dd0127f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 will be almost unnoticeable, but when it is withdrawn the current will be so strong that a person cannot let go the handles until the coil is shut off. After the secondary coil is wound it should be covered with stiff paper, and the whole coil, including t
he wood ends, should then be enameled black. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 It is then ready to be mounted on a wooden base as shown in Fig. 2. The {\charscalex105 secondary terminals are connected to the binding-posts, AA, which may be fastened on the base if desired. One wire from the primary is connected with the binding-post, B, and the other
 is connected with the armature, D, which may be taken from an old electric bell. The contact screw, E, also from an electric bell, is connected to the binding-post, C. The contact spring, F, should be bent against and soldered to the armature in order to 
make the vibrations more rapid. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 If a false bottom is used on the base, all the wiring may be concealed, which adds greatly to the appearance and if desired a small switch may be added. The handles, which may be old bicycle pumps or electric light carbons, are connected to the binding-pos
ts, AA, by means of wires about 3 or 4 ft. long. This coil when operating with the tube pulled all the way out and connected to a single dry cell will give a current}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex71\f4  }{\charscalex105 stronger than most persons can stand. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Toaster [139] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Each outside frame of the toaster is made from one piece of wire 30 in. long. These are bent in a perfect square making each side 7-in. long. This will allow 1 in. on each end for tying by twisting the ends together. The first two wires inside and on each 
side of each frame are 8 in. long. Eight wires will be required for this purpose and as they are 8 in. long 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 in. is allowed on each end for a bend around the outside frame, as shown in the sketch. The two middle wires are extensions of the handles. Each
 of these wires are made from a piece about 26 in. long and bent in the shape of a U. The ends of the wire are bent around the frame in the same manner }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3504\absh-1598\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert11329\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7eb3536f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 as the other wires. This will leave the handle laying across the other side of the frame. The frame is fastened to the handle on this side by giving the handle one turn around the frame. The inside edges of the frame are now tied together with a small ring
 of wire which is loose enough to allow each half to swing freely. --C. D. M. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Shocking Machine [139] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An ordinary electric bell may be connected up in such a way as to pro\-duce the same results as an expensive }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3360\absh-1982\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert54625\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m348ef324.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Inexpensive and Effectual }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 shocking machine. The connections are made from the batteries to the bell in the usual manner. Two other wires are then connected, one to the bind\-ing-post of the bell that is not insu\-lated from the frame and the other to the adjusting screw on the make a
nd break contact of the bell as shown in the sketch. The other ends of the wires are connected each to a common table knife. This will give quite a good shock and a much larger one can be had by placing one knife in a basin of water and while holding the o
ther knife in one hand, dipping the fingers of the other hand in the water. --Con\-tributed by D.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 Foster Hall. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Mahogany Wood Putty [139]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Mix venetian red with quite thick arabic muscilage, making it into a putty, and press this well into the cracks of mahogany before finishing. The putty should be colored to suit the finish of the wood, says the Master Painter, by adding such dry color to t
he gum as will give the best result. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex108\b How to Make a Thermoelectric Battery [140]   }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex114 By Arthur E. Joerin }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A novel way of producing an elec\-tric current by means of hot and cold water, heat from a match or alcohol }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3643\absh-2822\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49281\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_67ae68fc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Battery }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 lamp, is obtained from a device con\-structed as shown in the sketch. Take two hardwood boards, marble, or slate plates, about 8 or 10 in. long, place them together, as in Fig. 1, and mark and drill about 500 holes. These two pieces should be separated abou
t 8 in. and fastened with boards across the ends, as shown in Fig. 2. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take soft copper wire, not smaller than No. 18 gauge, and cut in lengths to pass through the holes in the two boards, leaving sufficient end to make a tie. It will require about 70 ft. of wire to fill one-half the number of holes. Also, cut the same number
 of lengths from the same gauge galvan\-ized-iron wire to fill the remaining holes. The wires are put through the holes in the boards alternately, that is: begin with copper, the next hole with iron, the next copper, the next iron, and so on, twisting the e
nds together as shown in Fig. 3. The connections, when complete, should be copper for the first and iron for the last wire. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the whole apparatus is thus strung, the connections, which must be twisted, can be soldered. Connect one copper wire to the bell and the other terminal, which must be an iron wire, to the other post of the bell. The appa\-ratus is then short-circuited,
 yet there is no current in the instrument until a lighted match, or, better still, the flame of an alcohol lamp is placed at one end only. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Best results are obtained by putting ice or cold water on one side and a flame on the other. The experimenter may also place the whole apparatus under sink faucets with the hot water turned on at one terminal and the cold water at the other. The greater th
e difference of temperature in the two terminals, the more current will be ob\-tained. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Very interesting experiments may thus be performed, and these may lead to the solving of the great thermo\-electric problem. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Hygrometer [140]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Mount a wire on a board which is used for a base and should be 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex56\f4  }{\charscalex108 by 4 by 8 in., as shown in the sketch. A piece of catgut--a string used on a violin will do--is suspended from the bent end of the wire. A hand or pointer is cut from a piece of tin and sec
ured to the catgut string about 1/2}{\charscalex63\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. from the base. A small piece of wood and some glue will fasten the pointer to the string. The scale is }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7a9858bb.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Simple Hygrometer }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 marked on a piece of cardboard, which is fastened to the base and protected with a piece of glass.-Contributed by J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex108 Thos. Rhamstine. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Softening Leather in Gloves and Boots [140] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The leather in high-top boots and gauntlet gloves may be softened and made waterproof by the use of plain mutton tallow. Apply hot and rub in well with the fingers. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Mission Library Table [141]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The mission library table, the draw\-ings for which are here given, has been found well proportioned and of pleas\-ing appearance. It can be made of any of the several furniture woods in common use, such as selected, quarter-sawed white oak which will be fou
nd exceptionally pleasing in the effect produced. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a planing mill is at hand the stock can be ordered in such a way as to avoid the hard work of planing and sandpapering. Of course if mill-planed stock cannot be had, the following dimensions must be enlarged slight\-ly to allow for "squar\-ing up the roug
h." }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 For the top, order 1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex120\f4  }{\charscalex105 piece 1-1/8}{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 in. thick, 34 in. wide and 46 in. long. Have it S-4-S (surface on four sides) and "squared" to length. Also, specify that it be sandpapered on the top sur\-face, the edges and ends. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 For the shelf, order 1 piece 7/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. thick, 22 in. wide and 42 in. long, with the four sides surfaced, squared and sandpapered the same as for the top. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For the side rails, order 2 pieces 7/8 in. thick, 6 in. wide and 37 in. long, S-4-S and sanded on one side. For the end rails, 2 pieces 7/8 in. thick, 6 in. wide and 25 in. long. Other specifications as for the side rails. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For the stretchers, into which the shelf tenons enter, 2 pieces  1-1/8 in. thick, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4886\absh-3950\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert54529\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_28bd4029.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This Picture Is from a Photograph of the Mission Table Described }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 3-3/4 in. wide and 25 in. long, surfaced and sanded on four sides. For the slats, 10 pieces 5/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50 8 }{\charscalex105 in. thick, 1-1/2 in. wide and 17 in. long, surfaced and sanded on four sides. For the keys, 4 pieces 3/4}{\charscalex50\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. thick, 1-1/4 in. wide and 2-7/8 in. long, S-4-S. T
his width is a little wide; it will allow the key to be shaped as desired. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The drawings obviate any necessity for going into detail in the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6970\absh-2938\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert21985\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7fc5bf99.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7037\absh-4570\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert48161\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3327ba08.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 descrip}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20tion. Fig. 1 gives an assembly draw\-ing showing the relation of the parts. Fig. 2 gives the detail of an end. The tenons for the side rails are laid off and the mortises placed in the post as are those on the end. Care must, be taken, however, not t
o cut any mortises on the post, below, as was done in cut\-ting the stretcher mortises on the ends of the table. A good plan is to set the posts upright in the positions they are to occupy relative to one another and mark with pencil the approximate posi\-ti
ons of the mortises. The legs can then be laid flat and the mortises accurately marked out with a fair degree of assurance that they will not be cut where they are not wanted and that the legs shall "pair" properly when effort is made to assemble the parts
 of the table. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The table ends should be glued up first and the glue allowed to harden, after which the tenons of the shelf may be inserted and the side rails placed.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There is a reason for the shape, size and location of each tenon or mortise. For illustration, the shape of the tenon on the top rails permits the surface of the rail to extend almost flush with the surface of the post at the same time permitting the morti
se in the post to be kept away from that surface. Again, the shape of the ends of the slats is such that, though they may vary slightly in length, the fitting of the joints will not be affected. Care must be taken in cutting the mortises to keep their side
s clean and sharp and to size. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In making the mortises for the keyed tenons, the length of mortise must be slightly in excess of the width of the tenon\emdash about 1/8-in. of play to each side of each tenon. With a shelf of the width specified for this table, if such allowance is not made so t
hat the tenons may move sideways, the shrinkage would split the shelf. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In cutting across the ends of the shelf, between the tenons, leave a hole in the waste so that the turning saw or compass saw can be inserted. Saw within one-sixteenth of the line, after which this margin may be removed with chisel and mallet. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 In Fig. 3 is shown two views of the keyed tenon and the key. The mortise for the key is to be placed in the middle of the tenon. It will be noted that this mortise is laid out 1-1/16{\charscalex53  }in. from the shoulder of the tenon while the stretcher is 1-1/8{\charscalex50  }in. thick
. This is to insure the key's pulling the shelf {\charscalex105 tightly against the side of the stretcher. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Keys may be made in a variety of shapes. The one shown is simple and structurally good. Whatever shape is used, the important thing to keep in mind is that the size of the key and the slant of its forward surface where it passes through the tenon must be k
ept the same as the mortise made for it in the tenon. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The top is to be fastened to the rails by means either of wooden buttons, Fig. 4, or small angle irons. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There are a bewildering number of mission finishes upon the market. A very satisfactory one is obtained by ap\-plying a coat of brown Flemish water stain, diluted by the addition of water in the proportion of 2 parts water to 1 part stain. When this has dri
ed, sand with number 00 paper, being careful not to "cut through." Next, apply a coat of dark brown filler; the directions for doing this will be found upon the can in which the filler is bought. One coat usually suffices. However, if an especially smooth 
surface is desired a second coat may be applied in a similar manner. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the filler has hardened, a very thin coat of shellac is to be put on. When this has dried, it should be sanded lightly and then one or two coats of wax should be properly applied and polished. Directions for waxing are upon the cans in which the wax 
is bought. A beautiful dull gloss so much sought by finishers of modern furniture will be the result of carefully following these directions. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Hanger for Trousers [143]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Secure two clothes pins of the metal spring kind for the clamps of the hanger. The pins are fastened one to each end of a looped galvanized wire. This wire should be about 6 in. long after a coil is bent in the center as shown in the sketch. The diameter o
f the wire should be about 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1934\absh-1306\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49761\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6dabb357.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Adjustable Neg\-ative Washer [143] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sketch herewith shows a wash\-ing box for negatives made from an ordinary wooden box. As can be seen, the grooved partition, A, is removable, and as several places are provided for }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3466\absh-2842\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24545\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5f7f84d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Washing Box }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 its insertion, the tank can be made to accommodate anyone of several sizes of plates, says Camera Craft. The other stationary partition, B, which does not reach quite to the bottom of the tank, is placed immediately next to the end of the tank, leaving a c
hannel between the two for the inflow of the wash water. A narrow, thin strip, C, is fastened to the bottom of the tank to keep the plates slightly raised, at the same time allowing a clearer flow of the water from the bottom upwards to the dis\-charge. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The water enters the narrow parti\-tion at the end, flows under the parti\-tions B and A, then upward between and parallel to the surface of the plates, escaping at the opposite end over the top of the tank end, in which the up\-per part has been cut away for
 that purpose. The depth of this cut, in the upper part of the tank end, should allow the overflow to be a trifle higher than the width of the largest size plate for which the tank is fitted. Partition B being stationary, can be nailed in posi\-tion permane
ntly, allowing the bottom edge to clear the bottom of the tank the desired distance. Partition A being movable should have attached to its }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20bottom edge a couple of nails, D, or bet\-ter still, wooden pegs, which will keep it also above the bottom of the tank
 at the desired height. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A coat of paraffin paint should be applied, and, just before it sets per\-fectly hard, any rough spots trimmed down with a knife or chisel and a sec\-ond lighter coat applied. If the wood is very dry and porous a preliminary coat of the paint should be appli
ed and allowed to soak into the pores. It is also well to apply a coat of the paint to the joints at the corners and around the edge of the bottom before nailing together. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Turn-Down Shelf for a Small Space [144]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The average amateur photographer does not have very much space in which to do his work. The kitchen is the room used ordinarily for finishing the photographs. In many instances there will not be space enough for any extra tables, and so a temporary place i
s pre\-pared from boxes or a chair on which to place the trays and chemicals. Should there be space enough on one of the walls a shelf can be made to hang down out of the way when not in use. A shelf constructed on this order may be of any length to suit th
e space or of such a length for the purpose in\-tended. A heavy piece of wood, about }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3312\absh-2232\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert47041\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_14cc7f6f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Turn Down Shelf }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1-1/2 in. thick, and 4 to 6 in. wide, is first fastened to the wall at the proper height with nails, or, much better, large screws. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The shelf is cut and planed smooth from a board 12-in. wide and about 1-in. thick. This board is fastened to the piece on the wall with two hinges as shown in Fig. 1. A small cleat is nailed to the outer and under edge of the board and in the middle as sho
wn. This is used to place a support under the outer edge of the shelf. The sup\-port, A, Fig. 2, should be long enough to extend diagonally to the floor or top of the baseboard from the inner edge of the cleat when the shelf is up in its proper place. --L. 
L. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Electric Battery Massage [144]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A simple and cheap electric massage device can be made by using three or }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3072\absh-1747\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert60673\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3d3f77e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Massage}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 four cells of dry battery connected to two ordinary silver tablespoons, as shown in the sketch. The handles of the spoons should be insulated or the operator can wear either kid or rubber gloves. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Tint Lantern Slides [144] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Purchase some lantern slide plates and fix them in hypo without exposing, in the usual manner, same as you would an exposed plate, says the Moving Pic\-ture World. This leaves a thin, per\-fectly transparent emulsion film on the glass, which will readily tak
e color. Mix a rather weak solution of clear aniline dye of the desired color and dip the plate in it, wiping the plate side clean. If not dark enough, dip again and again until desired tint is attained, letting it dry between each dipping. A very light bl
ue tint slide will brighten a yellow film considera\-bly, but the tint must be very light, just a bare tint. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Bicycle Catamaran [145] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying photographs show a bicycle boat made to carry two persons.  }
\par 
\par 
\pard\plain\absw7048\absh2998\dfrmtxtx181\nowrap\pvpara\posy0\phcol\posx0{\*\flymaincnt224\flyvert54496\flyhorz19456\flyanchor0\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2a112d4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This Catamaran Carries Two People }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 This boat is constructed by using two galvanized iron tubes 18 ft. long and 12 in. in diameter, tapered at the front end down to cast-iron points, and the rear end shaped to attach rudders. These tubes are placed 26 in. apart, giving the boat an extreme wi
dth of 50 {\charscalex111 in. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cylinders support a platform and on the rear end of this platform is con\-structed a paddle wheel 52 in. in diameter with 16 spokes. On the end of each spoke is fastened a galvanized sheet metal blade 6 in. wide and 8 in. long. A large guard placed over
 the paddle wheel forms a seat for one per\-son and a chair in front on the plat\-form provides a place for a second person. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 The person in front helps to propel the boat with hand levers which are connected with rods to sprocket wheels on each side of the platform. The occupant of the rear seat contributes his part of the power with his feet on pedals of the shaft that carries t
he sprocket wheels. This shaft and sprocket wheels drive the paddle wheel by side chains of the bicycle kind. The boat is steered from the rear seat by ropes attached to double rudders. This boat will run at considerable speed and is very steady in rough w
ater as it goes directly through large waves instead of going over them.--Contributed by Ernest Schoedsack, Council Bluffs, {\charscalex114 Iowa. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Lead Pencil Rheostat [145]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take an ordinary lead pencil and cut seven notches at equal intervals on the pencil down to and around the lead, leaving it bare. A seven-point switch is constructed on a board of suitable size making the points by using screws that will go through the boa
rd. A small piece of tin or brass will do for a switch and is fastened as shown. The connections are made on the back side of the board as shown by the dotted lines. This will reduce 40 to 50 volts down to 5 or 10 volts for short lengths }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3466\absh-2602\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24097\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2cad3746.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Simple Rheostat }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 of time.--Contributed by{\charscalex88\f4  }Roy Newby, San Jose, Cal. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Shoe Rack [146] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch explains how a boy can make his own shoe rack that can be placed on the wall in }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-2544\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24257\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m45ea1d4b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 the clothes closet. Figure 1 shows the construction of the bottom to per\-mit the dirt to fall through. Two boards, 9 in. wide and about 3 ft. long, with six partitions between, as shown, will make pockets about 6 in. long. The width of the pockets at the b
ottom is 2 in. and at the top 5 in.-Con\-tributed by Guy H}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex121\f4 . }{\charscalex109 Harvey, Mill Val\-ley, Cal. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Waterproof Canvas [146]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The method used by the British navy yards for waterproofing and painting canvas so it will not become stiff and cracked is as follows: One ounce of yellow soap and 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex65  }{\charscalex109 pt. of hot water are mixed with every 7 lb. of paint to be used. The mixture is ap\-plied
 to the canvas with a brush. This is allowed to dry for two days and then a coat of the same paint, without the soap, is laid on. When this last coat is dry the canvas may be painted any color desired. After three days of drying the canvas may be folded up
 without sticking together, and is, of course, waterproof. Canvas water\-proofed in this manner makes an ex\-cellent covering for portable canoes and canvas boats. The color mixture for the soap and second application is made from 1 lb. of lampblack and 6 lb
. of yellow ocher, both in oil; the finish coat may be any color desired. When no paint is to be used on the canvas it may be waterproofed with a mixture made from soft soap dissolved in hot water, and a solution of iron sulphate added. Iron sulphate, or f
errous sul\-phate, is the green vitriol. The vitriol combines with the potash of the soap, and the iron oxide is precipitated with the fatty acid as insoluble iron soap. This precipitate is then washed, dried and mixed with linseed oil. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Building a House in a Tree Top [146]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109\tx816\tx1521\tx3163{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying photograph shows a small house built in a tree top 20 ft. from the ground. The house is }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6931\absh-2957\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert47809\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m76088f9e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lofty Sentry Box for Guarding Watermelon Patch }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 5 ft. wide, 5 ft. 1 in. long, and 6 ft. 6 in. high. A small platform, 2 ft. wide, is built on the front. Three windows are }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 provided, one for each side, and a door in front. The entrance is made through a trap door in the floor of the house. This house was 
constructed by a boy 14 years old and made for the purpose of watching over a melon patch. --Contributed }{\f4 by }{\charscalex105 Mack Wilson, Columbus, O. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Lamp Stand and Shade [147] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A library light stand of pleasing de\-sign and easy construction is made as follows: Square up a piece of white oak so that it shall have a width and thickness of 1-3/4 in. with a length of 13 in. Square up two pieces of the same kind of material to the sam
e width and thickness, but with a length of 12 in. each. Square up two pieces to a width and length of 3 in. each with a thick\-ness of 1-1/8 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a planing mill is near, time and patience will be saved by ordering one piece 1-3/4 in. square and 40 in. long, two pieces 1-1/8 in. thick and 3 in. square, all planed and sandpapered on all sur\-faces. The long piece can then be cut at home to the lengt
hs specified above. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The 13-in. piece is for the upright and should have a 1/2-in. hole bored the full length through the center. If the bit is not long enough to reach entirely through, bore from each end, then use a red-hot iron to finish. This hole is for the electric wire 
or gas pipe if gas is used. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The two pieces for the base are alike except the groove of one is cut from the top and of the other from the under side, as shown. Shape the under sides first. This can best be done by plac\-ing the two pieces in a vise, under sides together, and boring two
 holes with a 1-in. bit. The center of each hole will be 2-1/2 in. from either end and in the crack between the pieces. The pieces can then be taken out, lines gauged on each side of each, and the wood be\-tween the holes removed with turning saw and scrape
r steel. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The width of the grooves must be determined by laying one piece upon the other; a trysquare should be used to square the lines across the pieces, however, gauge for depth, gauging both pieces from their top surfaces. Chisel out the grooves and round off th
e cor\-ners as shown in the sketch, using a 3/4-in. radius. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 These parts may be put together and fastened to the upright by means of two long screws from the under side, placed to either side of the 1/2-in. hole. This hole must be continued through the pieces forming the base. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The braces are easiest made by tak\-ing the two pieces which were planed to 1-1/8 in. thick and 3 in. square and draw\-ing a diagonal on each. Find the middle of this diagonal by drawing the central portion of the other diagonal; at this point place the spur
 of the bit and bore a 1-in. hole in each block. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Saw the two blocks apart, sawing }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7066\absh-2842\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24545\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5e784c5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Construction of Library Lamp Stand }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 along a diagonal of each. Plane the surfaces on the saw cut smooth and sandpaper the curve made by the bit. Fasten the braces in place by means of roundhead blued screws. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make a shade such as is shown in the illustration is rather difficult. The shade is made of wood glued up and has art glass fitted in rabbets cut on the inner edges. Such shades can be purchased ready to attach. The sketch shows one method of attaching.
 Four small pieces of strap iron are bent to the shape shown and fastened to the four sides of the upright. Elec\-tric globes--two, three or four may be attached as shown. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The kind of wood finish for the stand will depend upon the finish on the wooden shade, if shade is pur\-chased. Brown Flemish is obtained by first staining the wood with Flemish water stain diluted by the addition of two parts water to one part stain. When 
this is dry, sandpaper the "whiskers" which were raised by the water and fill with a medium dark filler. Directions will be found on the filler cans. When the filler has hard\-ened, apply two coats of wax. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The metal shade as shown in the sketch is a "layout" for a copper or brass shade of a size suitable for this particular lamp. Such shades are fre\-quently made from one piece of sheet metal and designs are pierced in them as suggested in the "layout." This 
piercing is done by driving the point of a nail through the metal from the under side before the parts are soldered or riveted together. If the parts are to be riveted, enough additional metal must be left on the last panel to allow for a lap. No lap is ne
eded when joints are soldered. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A better way, and one which will permit the use of heavier metal, is to cut each side of the shade separately and fasten them together by riveting a piece of metal over each joint. The shape of this piece can be made so as to accentuate the rivet heads and
 thus give a pleasing effect. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 For art-glass the metal }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20panels {\charscalex105 are }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3322\absh-4733\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert23585\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m8a10acc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Completed Lamp }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 cut out, the glass is inserted from the under side and held in place by small clips soldered to the frame of the shade. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pleasing effects are obtained by us\-ing one kind of metal, as brass, and reinforcing and riveting with another metal, such as copper. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3360\absh-4800\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert23457\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m35374106.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex116 METAL SHADE - }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20Construction of Shade }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Illuminating a Watch Dial at Night [149] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This picture shows a watch holder, with a device to receive an ordinary electric pocket lamp and bat\-tery. The bat\-tery is set in a bracket under which a reflect\-or extends down\-ward to throw the light on the dial of the watch and to protect the eyes from 
the direct light. The en\-tire stand and bracket are made from sheet metal. The base is formed to make a tray to hold pins and col\-lar buttons. It is not necessary to seek in the darkness for a push button or switch, as in ordinary devices, but a light pres
sure with the palm of the hand will make the lamp glow. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1824\absh-2880\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_26bca870.jpg}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Photographic Copying Stand [149] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The difficulties of bad lighting on small articles can be entirely avoided by the use of a suitable support for the camera, the object and the background. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3528\absh-3178\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert23265\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_57da249c.jpg}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex118 Secures Good }{\charscalex105 Light}{\charscalex118  on Small Objects }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For illustrations it is often an advan\-tage to show an object with a perfectly }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 plain background and no deep shadows. When using the stand as illustrated this is a very simple matter. Figure 1 shows the side, and Fig. 2 the front view of this stand. The stand is very easily constructed from pipe and pipe fit\-tings. The main pipe of th
e stand will need to be of proper length to suit the focus of your camera. This can be determined by finding the length from the lens to the object after the bellows are extended to their full length. The arms holding the glass, as shown in the sketch, sho
uld be set at a point about the middle of the main tube. The cross that holds the middle arms should be 3/4 in. one way and 1/2 in. the other. This will allow for adjustment of the glass table. A small set screw provided in the back of this cross will hold
 the table in any position desired. The pipes and other connections are all 1/2-in. and the lengths of the pipes are made suitable for the size of the camera. When a small object is to be photographed it is placed upon the glass table and the background fa
stened to the board. In this manner small objects can be photo\-graphed without any deep shadow on one side. The bottom cross and ells should be corked so as to prevent any slipping and damage to the floor. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Pocket Lamp [149] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A simple and safe pocket lamp that will last for about 6 months without extra expense can be made at home for a few cents. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Have your druggist take a strong vial of clear glass, or a pill bottle with screw or cork top and put into it a piece of phosphorus about the size of a pea and fill the bottle one-third full of pure olive oil that has been heated for 15 minutes--but not bo
iled. Cork tightly and the result will be a luminous light in the upper portion of the bottle. If the light becomes dim, uncork and re\-cork again. The lamp will retain its brilliancy for about 6 months. This makes a perfectly safe lamp to carry. These lamp
s are used by watchmen of }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 powder magazines. Care should be exercised in handling the phosphorus, as it is very poisonous. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Tangent Galvanometer [150] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi249\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Secure a piece of wood 1/2 in. thick and cut out a ring with an outside diameter of }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 10-1/2 }{\charscalex106 in. and an inside diameter of 9 in. and glue to each side two other rings 1/4 in. thick with the same inside diameter as the first ring and 11 in. outside diameter, 
thus form\-ing a 1/4-in. channel in the circumfer\-ence of the ring. If a lathe is at hand this ring can be made from a solid piece and the channel turned out. Cut another circular piece 11 in. in diam\-eter for a base. Make a hole in the center of this piece
 1 in. wide and 6-5/16} {\charscalex106 in. long, into which the ring first made should fit so that its inner surface is just even with the upper surface of the baseboard. The ring is held upright in the hole by a small strip screwed to the base as shown. All screws and br
ads that are used must be of brass. The cutting of these circular pieces is not so difficult if a band saw driven by power is used. They can be cut by means of a key-hole saw if a band saw is not accessible. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Before mounting the ring on the base, the groove should be wound with 8 turns of No. 16 double cotton-covered magnet wire. The two ends may be tied together with a string to hold them temporarily. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Fasten two strips of wood 1/4-in. thick 5/8-in. wide and 11 in. long across the sides of the ring with their upper edges passing exactly through the center of the ring. An ordinary pocket compass, about 1-1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex91  }{\charscalex106 in. in diameter, is fitted in these strips so t
hat the center of the needle or pointer will be exactly in the center of the ring and its zero point mark at the half-way point between the two strips. Put the ring in place on the base, as shown in the sketch, and connect the two ends of the wire to two b
inding-posts that are previously at\-tached to the base. Coat the entire surface with brown shellac. Any deviation from the dimensions will cause errors in the results obtained by its use. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove all pieces of iron or steel and especially magnets in the near vicinity of the instrument when in use. Place the galvanometer on a level table and turn it until the needle, pointing north and south, and swinging freely, lies exactly in the plane of 
the coil, as shown in the cut. The needle then will point to zero if the directions have been followed closely. Connect one }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3442\absh-2861\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22753\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6b58a7bf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tangent Galvanometer }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 cell of battery to the instrument and allow the current to flow through the coils. The needle of the compass will be deflected to one side or the other, and will finally come to rest at a cer\-tain angle-let us say 45 deg. The dimensions of the instrument a
re such that when the deflection is 45 deg. the current flowing through the coils upon the ring is 1/2 ampere. The ampere is the unit chosen to designate the strength of the electric current. For other angles the value of the current may be found from the 
following table: }
\par 
\par \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx3771\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Angles  Degrees}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Current  Amperes}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx3771\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 10}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .088 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx3771\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 20}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .182}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx3771\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 30}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .289}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx3771\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 40}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .420}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx3771\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 45}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .500 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx3771\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 50}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .600}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx3771\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 55}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .715}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx3771\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 60}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 .}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex119 865}}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx3771\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 70}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.375}
\cell\row\pard \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 As the magnetic force that acts upon a magnet needle varies in differ\-ent places the values given for the current will not be true in all parts of  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 the country. The table gives correct values for the immediate vicinity of Chicago and that part of the Unite
d States lying east of Chicago, and north of the Ohio river. The results given should be multiplied by 1.3 for places south of the Ohio river and east of the Mississippi. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made X-Ray Instrument [151] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two cylinders, AA, are mounted on a base, B, and mirrors, CC, are fitted at an angle of 45 deg. into these cyl\-inders. Corresponding mirrors, EE, are put in the base parallel with those in those cylinders. An opening extends downward from D of each cylinde
r so that light entering at one end of the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-2376\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert63617\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_maccd27b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex128{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of X-Ray Machine }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 cylinder is reflected down at right angles by the first mirror to the sec\-ond, from the second to the third, from the third to the fourth which reflects the light to the eye. Thus the light never passes through the cylinders and the observer does not see t
hrough, but around any object inserted at X be\-tween the cylinders. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a a Non-Polarizing Battery [151] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bichromate batteries are very ex\-pensive to maintain and dry cells do not furnish enough amperage for some kinds of experimental work. A cell of  a battery that will run 10 hours with an output of over 1 ampere can be made as follows: Secure a jar about 4 
in. in diameter and 8 in. high and place in the bottom of this jar the lower half of a tin baking powder can, to which a wire has been soldered for connections. Place in the can a mix\-ture of 2 oz. black oxide of copper, 1 oz. black oxide of manganese and 
some iron filings. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Purchase a small crowfoot zinc and hang it about 1 in. above the half can. Prepare a 10 per cent solution of caus\-tic soda and fill the jar within 1 in. of the top. Place on top the so\-lution a thin layer of kerosene or par\-affin. The cell will only cost a
bout 50 cents to make and 25 cents for each renewal. When renewing, always re\-move the oil with a siphon. --Contrib\-uted by Robert Canfield, University Park, Colo. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Barometer [151] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Take 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex54  }{\charscalex105 oz. of pulverized campor, 62 gr. of pulverized nitrate of potas\-sium, 31 gr. nitrate of ammonia and dissolve in 2 oz. alcohol. Put the solu\-tion in a long, slender bottle, closed at the top with a piece of bladder' con\-taining a pinhole to admit a
ir, says Metal Worker. When rain is coming the solid particles will tend gradually to mount, little crystals forming in the liquid, which otherwise remains clear; if high winds are approaching the liquid will become as if fermenting, while a film of solid 
particles forms on the surface; during fair weather the liquid will remain clear and the solid particles will rest at the bottom. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Lock Lubricant [151]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A door lock may be lubricated by using some lead scraped from the lead in a pencil and put in the lock. This may be done by putting the scrapings on a piece of paper and blowing them into the lock through the keyhole. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Rust Proofing Bolts [151]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Where bolts are subject to rust, the threads should be painted with pure white lead; then they will not rust fast. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Painting Yellow Pine [151]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When painting yellow pine exposed to the weather add a little pine tar with the priming coat. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex108\fs20{\b Revolving a Wheel with Boat Sails [152]}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex108\fs20\fs20 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A novel windmill or revolving wheel can be made by placing a light wheel so it will turn freely on the end }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7373\absh-3216\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41825\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7a6f22a0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An Unusual Type of Windmill }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 of a post, and placing four small sail\-ing boats at equal points on the rim of the wheel. It makes no difference which way the wind blows, the wheel will revolve in one direction. In Fig. 1 the direction of the wind is shown by the arrows, and how the sail
s catch the wind and cause the wheel to re\-volve. Figure 2 shows how the wheel will appear when complete. This device makes an attractive advertising sign. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex108\b A Floating Electromagnet [152] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A piece of iron placed in a coil of wire carrying a current of electricity becomes an electromagnet. If such a coil and iron core be made small enough they can be at\-tached to a cork and the cork, floating on a solution, will allow the magnet to point nort
h and south. The sketch shows how to make such an instrument. A coil of insulated wire is wrapped around a small iron core, leaving a few inches of each end free for connec\-tions. The insulation is removed }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1978\absh-1800\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32897\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m84d162c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 from these ends and they are run through a piece of cork. Attach to the wires, on the under side of the cork, a piece of zinc to one end and a piece of copper to the other. The }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 cork is then floated on a solution of acid, with the zinc and copper hanging in the solution. If zinc and copper are used, the solution is made from water and blue vitriol. If zinc and carbon are used, the solution is made from sal ammoniac and water. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The float will move about on the solution until the magnet iron will point north and south. If two of them are floating on the same solution, they will move about and finally arrange themselves end to end with the coils and magnet cores pointing north and 
south. --Contributed by C. Lloyd Enos. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Fish Bait [152] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very effective fish bait is made by inclosing a live minnow in a short sec\-tion of glass tube, which is filled with water and both ends closed with corks. This is used in place of the spoon. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Air Thermometer [152]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The illustration shows the complete thermometer. The water in the glass tube is caused to rise and fall by the expansion and contraction of the air in the tin box. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A paper-fastener box, about 1-1/4 in.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1997\absh-3706\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32737\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m37ce872e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Air Thermometer }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 deep and 2 in. in diameter will serve very well for the box A. Solder in the side of the box 1-in. piece of  1/4-in. brass tub\-ing, B, and then solder on the cover, C, so that the only escape for the air is through the brass tube. Se\-cure a piece of  1/4-i
n. glass tubing - not shorter than 18 in.--and bend it as shown at D in the sketch. Hold the part of the tube to be bent in the broad side of a gas jet, and in a minute or two the tube will bend with its own weight. Any angle can be given glass tubing in t
his way. Connect the glass tube to B with a short piece of rubber hose, E. If the hose is not a tight fit, bind with a short piece of fine copper wire. The standard, F, is made from a piece of No.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex105 10 wire about 10 in. long. To this standard solder the supp
orting wire, G--No. 14 wire will do. On one side bend the wire around the tube B, and on the other around the glass tube, D. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The base, H, can be made of oak, stained and varnished. The bottom of the box, A, is covered with lampblack so as to readily absorb all heat that strikes the surface. The black should not be put on until just before you paint the supports, cover and rim of
 the box with gold or silver paint. Hold the bottom of the box to be blackened over a little burning cotton saturated with turpentine. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The scale on the glass can be etched with hydrofluoric acid, or made with a little black paint. The water can be put in with a medicine dropper. This instrument will measure the amount of heat given by a candle some 20 or 30 ft. away. - Contributed by J. T
hos. Rhamstine. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Battery Voltmeter [153] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Secure a piece of brass tube 3 in. long that has about 1/4-in. hole. Put ends, A, 1-1/4 in. square and cut from heavy card\-board on this tube. Make a hole in the center of each cardboard just large enough to allow the brass tube to fit tight. Put on two or
 three layers of stout paper around the brass tube and between the cardboard ends. Wind evenly about 2 oz. of No. 26 cotton\- covered magnet wire on the paper be\-tween the ends and leave about 2 in. of wire on each end extending from the coil. Use a board 1
/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50 - }{\charscalex105 in. thick, 3 in. wide and 6 in. long for the base and fasten the coil to it, as shown in Fig. 1. Bore holes for binding-posts, B, one on each side of the board, and connect the two wires from the coil to them. At the other end of the board and in the c
en\-ter drive a wire nail and attach a small spring, C, to it. The spring should be about 1 in. long. Take a small piece of soft iron, D, 1/2}{\charscalex50 - }{\charscalex105 in. long and just large enough to slip freely through the brass }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3490\absh-3950\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert54529\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5894595d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Battery Voltmeter Construction }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 tube and solder a piece of copper wire to it; the other end of the copper wire being hooked to the spring, C. The copper wire must be just long enough to allow the piece of iron, D, to hang part way in the end of the coil and still hold the spring in place
. A circular piece of cardboard, E, is slipped over the spring to where the spring joins the wire. This cardboard is to serve as the pointer. A piece of paper 1-1/2 in. wide and 2-1/2 in. long is glued to the board so that it will be directly under the car
dboard pointer and fit snugly up against the top of the coil. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The paper can be}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex91\i  }{\charscalex105 calibrated by con\-necting one cell of battery to the bind\-ing-posts. The iron plunger, D, is drawn into the tube and consequently the pointer, E, is drawn nearer to the coil. Make a mark directly under the place where the pointer comes to 
rest. At the place mark the number of volts the cell reads when connected with a voltmeter. Do the same with two or three cells and mark down the result on the scale. By dividing off the space between these marks you may be able to obtain a surprisingly co
rrect  reading when connected with the battery cells to be tested.--Contributed by Edward M. Teasdale, Cuba, N. Y. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Folding Canvas Cot [154] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 All the material required to make the cot as shown in Fig. 1 consists of wood 1-1/2 in. square of which two pieces are 6 ft. long; two pieces 2 ft. 3 in. long; two pieces 2-1/2 ft. long; four pieces 1-1/2 ft. long; four hinges; some sheet metal and 2-1/4 y
d. of 8-oz. canvas. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make a rectangle of the two long pieces and the two 2-ft. 3-in. pieces of wood as shown in Fig. 2, nailing well the corners together and reinforcing with a strip of }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex105 sheet metal as shown in Fig. 3. The four pieces 1-1/2 ft. long are used for the legs, and two of them are nailed to one of the pieces 2-1/2 ft. long, making a support as shown in Fig. 5. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4949\absh-2976\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m333cc381.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex114 Details of Canvas Cot Construction }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Make two of these--one for each end.The hinges are attached as shown in Fig. 5 and the whole support is fastened just under the end pieces of the frame by hinges. Four pieces of sheet metal are cut as shown in Fig. 4 and fastened to the body of the frame w
ith their lower ends hooking over pins driven in each leg at the proper place. The canvas is stretched as tight as pos\-sible over the two long side pieces and fastened on the outside edge of each piece with large headed tacks. The legs will fold up as show
n by the dotted line and the cot can be stored in a small space.--Contributed by R. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex132 J. }{\charscalex105 Smith, Milwaukee, Wis. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex112 How to Make a Small Geissler }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex106 Tube [154] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 At first this would seem to be a difficult piece of work, yet a good and beautiful Geissler tube can be made at home in the following manner: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Procure a glass tube about 3-1/2 ft. long having a hole through its center about 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex149\i\f4  }{\charscalex105 or 1/4 in. in diameter, about 1 in. of No. 30 platinum wire and enough mer\-cury to fill the tube and a small bowl. About 1-1/2 lb. of mercury will be suf\-ficient. The firs
t thing to do is to seal 1/2 in. of platinum wire in one end of the tube. This is done by holding the end of the tube with the right hand and taking hold of the tube with the left hand about 4 in. from the right hand. Hold the tube in a flame of a bunsen b
urner in such manner that the flame will strike the tube midway between the hands, as shown in Fig. }{\charscalex115 1, }{\charscalex105 and keep turning the tube so as to get an even heat. When the glass becomes soft, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3461\absh-2707\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29281\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6d26b933.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex112 Construction of Geissler Tube }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 remove the tube from the flame and quickly draw it out into a fine thread. Break this thread off about 1/8 in. from the long part of the tube and the end will appear as shown in Fig. 2. Take 1/2 in. of the platinum wire and slip it through the fine hole ma
de by breaking the glass thread so that one-half of the wire will be inside of the long tube. If the end of the tube is now placed in the flame of the burner, the glass will adhere to the platinum wire and the wire will thus be sealed in the tube. The fini
shed end will appear as shown in Fig. 3. This tube as described will be 8 in. long, although nearly any size could be made in the same way. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Measure 8 in. from the sealed end and place the tube at that point in the flame, holding in the left hand. At the same time take the piece of glass that was broken off at the end in the first operation and hold it in the flame with the right hand. When bot
h the tube and piece of glass are soft, touch the soft part of the tube with the end of the glass and draw the tube out into a point like that shown in Fig. 4. Break off the piece of glass, thus leaving a. small aperture in the long tube. Seal the remainin
g 1/2 in. of platinum in this aperture in the same manner as before being careful not to heat the tube too suddenly. The tube is now ready for filling and the upper part will appear as shown in Fig. 5. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The air is expelled from the tube }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89 by }{\charscalex105 filling with mercury. This may be done by making a paper funnel and pouring the mercury slowly into the tube through the funnel. When the tube is filled to within 1/2 in. of the funnel re\-move the funnel and tap the sid
e of the tube gently in order to remove any small air bubbles that may be clinging to the sides of the tube. The air bub\-bles will rise and come to the top. The tube now must be filled completely, ex\-pelling all the air. Place a finger over the end of the 
tube to keep the mer\-cury in and invert the tube and set the end in the bowl of mercury. The mer\-cury in the tube will sink until the level will be at about }30 {\charscalex105 in., leaving 8 in. of vacuum at the top. The next opera\-tion is to seal the tube at the half-way
 point between the lower platinum wire and the mercury level. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 As the lower end of the tube must be kept at all times in the bowl of mer\-cury until the tube is sealed, an assistant will be necessary for this last opera\-tion. Have the assistant hold the tube in the mercury at a slight angle, using care to always keep t
he lower end in the mercury, while you hold the burner in the left hand and allow the flame to strike the tube at the stated point. The part of the tube above this point will gradually bend over of its own weight as the glass softens. When it reaches the a
ngle of about }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs2060 {\charscalex105 deg., Fig. }6, {\charscalex105 take hold of the tube with the right hand still keeping the flame on the tube, and gradually draw the softened portion out until it separates from the main tube. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The tube is now finished and when the platinum wires are attached to the terminals of a spark coil a beautiful blue light will appear in the tube with a dark space at the negative end or cathode. --Contributed by David A. Keys, Toronto, Can.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Loosening Rusted Nuts [155]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Nuts that are rusted fast can often be loosened by giving a hard turn in the tightening direction.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cleaning Greasy Stoves [155]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Greasy stoves may be cleaned with a strong solution of lye or soda. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Take-Down Back\-ground Frame [156] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many amateur photographers who de\-sire to do portrait work at home have left the subject alone for the want of a suitable background. A frame such as is used by the professional is entirely out of the question in most homes, says a cor\-respondent of Camera
 Craft. The frame as shown in the sketch was devised and its chief ad\-vantage lies in the fact that when not in use it can be compactly tied together and stored away in a closet. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Almost any wood may be used in constructing this frame, but yellow pine is the best, as it is easily obtained and at the same time very well suited for such work. All pieces are to be dressed on all sides. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Two upright pieces are cut from 3/4 \-in. material 2 in. wide and 5 ft. 9 in. long and two blocks are fastened on the ends of each that are to be used for the bottom, as shown in Fig. 1. These blocks are each 2 by 6-in. and 1/4{\charscalex50  }in. thick. The base is made f
rom a piece 3/4{\charscalex50  }in. thick, 3 in. wide and 5 ft. 4 in. long. A crosspiece 3/4-in. thick, 3 in. wide and 12 in. long, cut in the shape shown in Fig. 2, is screwed on each end of the base with 3-in. wood screws, as shown in Fig. 3. Four blocks 1/4{\charscalex50\f4  }in. thick, 
1 in. wide and 3 in. long are nailed to the sides of the base piece parallel with and at a distance of 2 in. from the end of same. This forms a slot, Fig. 4, to receive the pieces nailed to the ends of the uprights. To secure a rigid frame it is essential 
that this, joint be accurately put together. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Procure a piece of thick tin or brass and make two pieces like the pattern shown in Fig. 5, with each projection 3-in. long. The width of the cross\-piece is 1 in. and the single projection 3/4{\charscalex50  }in. These are bent and nailed, one on each end of a piece of wo
od that is 1/4 in. thick, 1 in. wide and 5 ft. long, as in Fig. 6. These will form two pockets that will fit over the tops of the uprights. The frame is put to\-gether as shown in Fig. 7. Any background that will hang straight without need of being stretche
d can be hung on this frame. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4973\absh-2866\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17409\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4fa9e267.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex130 FIG.6 -- }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 Details of Background Frame }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Kite Reel [156] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This kite reel is constructed from two old pulleys and a few pipe fittings. The large pulley is about 14 in. in diameter, on the face of which are riveted flat strips of iron with extend\-ing arms. These arms are reinforced by riveting smaller pieces from o
ne to the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-4416\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15073\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_mc99a89a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Old Pulleys and Pipe Fittings }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 other, which connects all arms together on both sides of the wheel. Mounted on the shaft with the pulleys is a guide for the kite wire or string. The photo\-graph shows that this guide permits of being moved entirely over the top of the reel. The smaller pu
lley is attached to the shaft and used as a brake. The brake is used only when running out the wire or string, first removing the crank.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 A{\charscalex114 ttaching Runners to a Bicycle for Winter Use [157] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Instead of storing away your bicycle for the winter, attach runners and use it on the ice. The runners can be made from 1/4-in. by 1-in. iron and fastened to the bicycle frame as shown in the sketch. The tire is removed from the rim of the rear wheel and l
arge screws turned into the rim, leaving the greater part of the screw extending. Cut off the heads of the screws and file them to a point. The rear runners should be set so the rim of the wheel will be about 1/2 in. above the runner level. --\-Contributed 
by C. R. Welsh, Manhat\-tan, Kan. }
\par 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3360\absh-2544\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24257\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_57b1108.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bicycle Fitted with Runners for Snow }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Paper That Makes Green Prints [157]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A coating for ordinary paper that is said to give green prints is made with a two per cent solution of gelatine, says Photography, and sensitized with the following solution: }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Potassium Bichromate\tab 15 gr. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magnesium Sulphate\tab 25 gr. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Water\tab \tab \tab 1 oz. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This mixture is spread over the paper in the usual way and the paper dried in the dark. Printing is carried rather far. The print is washed, then surface dried or blotted off on a pad and laid film upwards on a sheet of glass, and the following developer i
s applied with a wad of cotton wool wrung out: }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pyrocatechin \tab 5 gr. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Water\tab \tab 1 oz. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The picture assumes a rich green color when developed, and is then washed for five or ten minutes and dried quickly by heat. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Copies Made from Wax Molds by Electro-Deposition [157] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Fine copies of wax impressions can be made in the following manner: Pro\-cure an ordinary tumbler and fill it with a strong solution of sulphate of copper, which is made by dissolving two cents' worth of blue vitriol in 1/2 {\charscalex50  }pt. of water. After this is done
 make a porous cell by rolling a piece of brown paper around a stick and fastening the edge with sealing wax; also, fix a bottom to the cell in the same way. Make a solution of one part of oil of vitriol and 5 parts of water and pour this mixture into the 
porous cell. Wind the end of a copper wire around the end of a piece of zinc and place the zinc in the porous cell. Attach the other end of the wire to the wax im\-pression. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The wax impression is made by pouring melted beeswax on the article you wish to reproduce and removing after the wax gets cold. The wax mold then should be coated with black lead and polished. This is done with a camel's hair brush. A fine copy can be made
 on the wax impression after the battery has been running about 12 hr. --Contributed by Edward M. Treas\-dale. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1886\absh-1517\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert37473\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2b309cf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Skating Shoes [158] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove the clamp part, as shown in Fig. 1, from an ordinary clamp skate. Drill holes in the top part of the skate }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3576\absh-2731\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33217\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_73a3caad.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Skating Shoes }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 for screws. Purchase a pair of high shoes with heavy soles and fasten the skates to the soles with screws, as shown in Fig. 2. When completed the skating shoes will have the appearance shown on Fig. 3. These will make as good skating shoes as can be pur\-ch
ased, and very much cheaper. --Con\-tributed by Wallace C. Newton, Leo\-minster, Mass. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Self-Setting Rabbit Trap [158] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 Secure a good-sized box, say, 1 ft. high, 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex76\i  }{\charscalex110 ft. wide, and 3 ft. long; and to the bottom, about 10 in. from one end, fasten a 2-in. square piece, A, Fig. 1, extending the width of the box. Place a 10-in. board sloping from the end of the box to the clea
t A. The swing door B, Fig. 1, is made as shown }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-1906\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert53025\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5fc65d1a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Self-Setting Trap }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 in Fig. 2, which represents the back side of the door. Sheet metal or tin is cut to the proper size and tacked around the edge of the hole. This pre\-vents the animal from gnawing its way out, also provides a way to make the hole of different sizes for squi
rrels or other animals. The hole in the door should be about 2 in. wide and 4 in. high for rabbits. The door is made to swing freely on two large nails driven through the sides of the box. The hole in the door being only large enough to admit a small porti
on of the rabbit's head, the rabbit will push its way through to the bait, causing the door to swing back and up, and it will close by its own weight when the animal is inside. A small door is provided in the other end to remove the animals caught. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The advantage of this trap is that where one animal is caught others are liable to follow, and several rabbits will be trapped at a time. Then, too, the rabbits are not harmed in any way as they would be if caught in an ordinary trap. --Contributed by H. F
. Church, Alexandria, Va. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Atomizer [158] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 Secure a good-sized test tube and fit it with a cork. Take two glass tubes, with about 1/8-in. hole, and bend them as shown in the sketch. This is done by heating them at the proper point over a gas flame until}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex110 they are soft. Two holes are bored through th
e cork and the bent tubes insert\-ed in them, as shown in the sketch, so that one of the tubes will extend nearly to the bottom }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1954\absh-3197\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert42945\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m11d95d3a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 of the test tube and the other just pro\-jecting through the cork. The spray tube may be made with a fine hole by first securing a tube longer than neces\-sary and heating it at the proper point }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 and drawing the tube out into a fine thread. The thread is brok
en off at the proper place to make a small hole.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Kits for the Camera [159]}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 If you have a 5- by 7-in. camera and wish to use some 4- by 5-in. plates, make a few simple kits to hold the smaller plates and fit the larger hold\-ers, says Camera Craft. Take two pieces of pasteboard, A and B, black surfaced if possible, and exactly 5 by
 7 in. in size. The piece A will form the back of the kit and should have an opening cut in the center 4 by 5 in. in size. Paste a piece of strong black paper, C, over the under side of it to keep the plate from falling through. Cut an opening in the other
 piece, B, but cut it 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex51  }{\charscalex105 in. shorter. This opening, be\-ing 1/8}{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 in. shorter at each end, will re\-tain the plate in position and cut off only that small amount of plate sur\-face when the plate is exposed in the }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4795\absh-1978\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3c0ffa7e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 camera. Cut a piece of thin black cloth, D, 1 in. wide and 5 in. long. Lay it down on a piece of newspaper and coat one side with gum or muci\-lage. Stand the two pieces of 5 by 7 \-in. black cards on end together so that they will be square and true and bin
d the other ends with the strip of cloth so as to form a hinge. The two cards form a thickness about equal to a thick glass plate, and go in the holder in the same way. Lay one of these kits down against the ground side of the focusing screen and draw a li
ne around, inside of the opening. This will be a guide as to just what will be secured upon the smaller plate when the kits are used. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Miniature Stage [159] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 A good smooth box, say 8 in. wide, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs2010 {\charscalex105 in. high and 12 in. long, will serve the purpose for the main part of this small theater. Out two rectangular holes, Fig. 1, one in each end and ex\-actly opposite each other. Place a screw eye about 1/2 in. from the ed
ge on each side of these openings. Fit an axle in the screw eyes and fasten a spool to the middle of the axle. On one of the two spools attach another smaller spool, Fig. 2, to be used as a driving pulley. Cut out the front part of the box down to a level 
with the top of the spools. }Connect the spools with a belt made from tape about 3/4 in. wide. On this belt fasten figures cut from heavy pa\-per and made in the form of people, automobiles, trolley cars, horses and dogs. A painted scenery can be made in beh
ind the movable tape. The front part of the box may be draped with cur\-tains, making the appearance of the ordinary stage, as shown in Fig. 3. A small motor will run the spools and drive the tape on which the figures are attached. --Contributed by William 
M. Crilly, Jr., Chicago. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7080\absh-2822\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49281\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1b300d1f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Floating Compass Needle [160]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 When a thoroughly dry and clean sewing needle is carefully placed on the surface of water the needle will float even if the density of steel is 7 or {\charscalex115 8 }times that of water. A sewing needle thus floating upon water may be used as a compass, if it has previou
sly been magnetized. The needle will then point north and south, and will maintain this position if the containing vessel is moved about; if the needle is displaced by force it will return to its position along the magnetic meridian as soon as the restrain
t is removed. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Dog Cart [160] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying photograph shows a boy with his "dogmobile." The photo\-graph was taken when they were on a new pavement which had 2 in. of sand }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3398\absh-2707\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29281\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_34fb35b5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dog-Power Cart }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 left by the pavers and a grade of 6 per cent. The machine is nothing more than a boy's rubber-tired wagon on which are mounted a box for a seat and a wheel steering device extending above and below the board of the wagon. The front wheels are guided by rop
es attached from each end of the axle and a few turns around the lower end of the steering rod. A pair of shafts are attached to the rear, into which the dog is harnessed. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Dry Battery Cell [160] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dry battery cells are composed of the same materials for the poles, but instead of the liquid commonly used a paste is formed by mixing sal ammoniac and other salts with water and packed in the cell so it cannot spill. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1536\absh-3206\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert37089\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m77f08b8d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 A cell of this kind can easily be made, and to make it the proper size a sheet of zinc 8-1/2{\charscalex72  }in. long and 6 in. wide will be re\-quired. This zinc is rolled into a cylinder 2-1/2{\charscalex67 - }in. in diameter. This will allow for a lap of 5/8 in., which is tightly solde
red only on the outside of the seam. Close one end of the cylin\-der by soldering a disk of zinc over it, making a watertight receptacle. All soldering should be done on the out\-side and none of the solder allowed to run on the inside of the seam. All seams
 on the inside should be painted with asphaltum in order to cover any particles of solder. Do not paint any surface, only the joints. Secure three carbon rods 1/2{\charscalex64 - }in. in diameter and 6 in. long which are copper plated. Carbons used in arc lamps will do. F
ile the rods to remove the copper plate, leav\-ing about 1/2{\charscalex67 -}in. of the plate at one end. Tie the three rods in a close bundle with the copper-plated ends together }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and make a contact with each rod by soldering a wire to the plated ends, al\-lowing one end of the wire to project about 2 in. for a connection. The plated ends of the carbons should be covered with paraffin for about 1 in. This is done by immersing them in
 a dish of smoking hot melted paraffin until the pores are thoroughly satu\-rated. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The salts for filling are 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 lb. zinc oxide, 1}{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 lb. sal ammoniac, 3/4 lb. plaster of paris, 1/4}{\charscalex50  }{\charscalex105 lb. chloride of zinc mixed into a paste by adding 1/2 pt. of water. Form a 1/2-in. layer of paste in the bot\-tom of the cylinder and place the ends of the carbo
n rods on this with their plated ends up. Hold the rods in the center of the cylinder and put the paste in around the rods with a stick. Pack the paste in, closely filling the cylinder to within 3/4 in. of the top. This space at the top is filled with a mi
xture of  1/2 lb. of rosin and 2 oz. beeswax melted together. This wax seals the cell and prevents any evapora\-tion. Connection is made to the zinc by soldering a wire to the outside of the cylinder.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Paraffin Wire [161] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The following description of how to make an apparatus with which to paraffin wire as needed makes clear a method of construction that is simple and easy to put together in a. short time. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a pan to be used for this pur\-pose only; one that will hold about 1 qt. The details of the construction are given in the diagram, in which P is the pan; B is a base of  1 in. pine; S is the spool of wire supported near one end of the base by nailing
 on standards H and H; F is a spool, with narrow flanges, supported near the bottom of the pan by the standards T and T. These may be made of two short pieces of a roller fitted into the holes bored in the base; A is a block of l-in. pine with a piece of l
eather tacked on one side. Four nails should be driven in the base just outside of the edge of the pan to keep it from sliding off the pan. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bore a hole in the base between the two spools and pass the wire through this hole, under the spool in the paraffin, then through a small hole in the leather and a notch in the block A, and a notch between the base and the pan. Tie a string around the wire
 be\-tween the leather and the paraffin, making the knots so they will not pull through the hole in the leather. This makes the wire smooth, and by making the string tighter or looser you can regulate the thickness of the paraffin, says Electrician and Mech
anic. Place the pan on the stove; when the paraffin is melted, pull out the wire as needed. To keep the pan from sliding place a flatiron or some other weight on it. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7037\absh-3062\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27041\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_13f712.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Home-Made Apparatus for Paraffining Wire }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Uses of Peat [161]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ul\charscalex64{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Peat is used in Germany for bedding, fodder, filter, fuel and packing pur\-poses. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Scientific Explanation of a Toy [162] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi134\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex115 In a recent Issue of Popular Mechanics an article }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20on{\b  }{\charscalex115 "The Turning Card Puzzle" was described and illustrated. Outside of the scientific side involved herein I describe a much better trick. About the time when the expression "skidoo" first began to be used 
I invented the following trick and called it "Skidoo" and "Skidee," which created much merri}{\charscalex113 ment. }{\charscalex108 Unless }{\charscalex113 the trick is thoroughly understood, for some it }{\charscalex119 will }{\charscalex113 turn one way, for others the oppo}{\charscalex115 site way, while for others it will not revolve at all. }{\charscalex113 One person
 whom I now recall became red in the }{\charscalex115 face by shouting skidoo and skidee at it, but the thing would not move at all, and he finally, from vexation, threw the trick into the fire and a new }{\charscalex113 one had to be made. Very few can make it}{\charscalex184\f4  }{\charscalex113 turn }{\charscalex115 both ways at will, and 
therein is the trick. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex115 Take a piece of hardwood 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20-{\charscalex115 in. square and about 9 }{\charscalex119 in. }{\charscalex115 long. On one of the edges cut a series of}{\i  }{\charscalex115 notches as indicated in Fig }{\charscalex126 1. }{\charscalex115 Then slightly taper the end marked B until it is nicely rounded as shown in Fig. 2. Next make an arm of a two-arm windmill such
 as boys make. Make a hole through the center of this one arm. Enlarge the hole slightly, enough to allow a common pin to hold the arm to the end B and not interfere with the revolving arm. Two or three of these arms may have to be made before one is secur
ed that is of the exact proportions to catch the vibrations right. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi134\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3389\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m69259194.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 How to Cut the Notches }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi134\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex115 To operate the trick, grip the stick firmly in one hand, and with the forward and backward motion of the other allow the first finger to slide along the top edge, the second finger along the side and the thumb nail will then vibrate along the notches, thus
 making the arm revolve in one direction. To make the arm revolve in the opposite direction--keep the hand moving all the time, so the observer will not detect the change which the band makes--allow the first finger to slide along the top, as in the other 
movement, the thumb and second finger changing places: e. g., in the first movement you scratch the notches with the thumb nail while the hand is going from the body, and in the second movement you scratch the notches with the nail of the second finger whe
n the hand is coming toward the body, thus produc\-ing two different vibrations. In order to make }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex151 it }{\charscalex115 work perfectly (?)}{\charscalex111\i\f4  }{\charscalex115 you must of course say "skidoo" when you begin the first movement, and then, no matter how fast the little arm is revolving when changed 
to the second movement, you must say "skidee" and the arm will immediately stop and begin revolving in the opposite direction. By using the magic words the little arm will obey your commands instantly and your audience will be mystified. If any of your aud
ience presume to dis\-pute, or think they can do the same, let them try }{\charscalex137 it. }{\charscalex115 You will no doubt be accused of blowing or drawing in your breath, and many other things in order to make the arm operate. At least it is amusing. Try it and see. --Contributed by C
harles Clement Bradley, Toledo, Ohio. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi134\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 *     *    *    *    *    *    *}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The foregoing article describing the "Skidoo-Skidee Trick" appeared in a recent issue of Popular Mechanics. I have been told that a similar arrange\-ment is used by a tribe of Indians in the state of Washington, by the Hindoos in India, and one friend tells
 me that they were sold on the streets of our large cities many years ago.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This toy interested me so much that I have made an investigation into the causes of its action, and I think the re\-sults may be of interest. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To operate, one end of the notched stick is held firmly in the left hand, while with the right hand a nail or match stick is rubbed along the notched edge, at the same time pressing with the thumb or finger of the moving hand against the oblique face of th
e stick. The direction of rotation depends upon which face is pressed. A square stick with notches on edge is best, but the section may be circular or even irregular in shape. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The experiments were as follows: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1. A rectangular stick had notches cut on one face. When the pressure was applied upon a face normal to the first, no rotation resulted. If the pres\-sure was upon an edge, rotation was ob\-tained. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2. Irregular spacing of the notches did not interfere with the action. The depth of the notches was also unimpor\-tant, although it should be suited to the size of the nail for best results. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3. The hole in the revolving piece must be larger than the pin; if there is a close fit no rotation is obtained. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4. The center of gravity of the re\-volving piece must lie within the hole. If the hole is not well centered the trick cannot be performed. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5. If the stick be clamped in a vise no results are obtained; with this excep\-tion: if the stick has enough spring, and the end clamped is far enough away from the notched portion, the rotation may be obtained. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The above experiments led me to the conclusion that the operation of the de\-vice is dependent upon a circular mo\-tion of the pin, and this was confirmed by the following experiments. The ac\-tion is somewhat similar to swinging the toy known as a locust aro
und with a slight circular motion of the hand, It is necessary to show here that a slight }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 circular motion is sufficient to produce the result and, secondly, that such mo\-tion can be produced by the given move\-ments of the hands. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 6. A piece of brass rod was clamped in the chuck of a lathe, and a depres\-sion made in the end slightly eccentric, by means of a center punch. If the end of the pin is inserted in this depression, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3442\absh-1685\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27937\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1ae552f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The Lathe }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex122 Experiment }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 while the hand holding the other end of the stick is kept as nearly as possible in the axis of the lathe, rotation of the lathe will produce rotation of the re\-volving piece. Speeds between 700 and 1,100 r. p. m. gave the best results. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 7. A tiny mirror was attached to the end of the pin, and the hand held in the sunlight so that a spot of sunlight was reflected upon the wall. The notches were then rubbed in the usual way. The spot of light upon the wall moved in a way which disclosed two
 components of motion, one circular and one due to the irregular movements of the hand holding the stick. Usually the orbit was too irregular to show a con\-tinuous and closed circular path, but at times the circular motion became very pronounced. It was ob
served and the direction of rotation correctly stated by a man who was unaware of the source of the motion. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The production of the circular mo\-tion can be explained in this way: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 When the rubbing nail comes to a notch the release of pressure sends the stick upward; this upward motion against the oblique pressure upon the (say) right hand side gives also a lateral com\-ponent of motion towards the left. As the nail strikes the opposi
te side of the notch the stick is knocked down again, this motion relieves somewhat the oblique pressure from the right hand side, and,{\charscalex87\f4  }the reaction from the holding (left) hand moves the stick to the right slightly, so that it is back in the old position 
for the next upward motion. Thus a circular or elliptic motion is re\-peated for each notch, and the direction of this motion is the same whether the nail be rubbed forward or back. For oblique side pressure from the right (notches assumed upward), the moti
on of the stick and hence of the revolving piece will be counter-clockwise; if the pressure is from the left, it will be clockwise. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 That the motion of the revolving piece is due to a swinging action, and not to friction of the pin in the hole, is proved by experiments 3 and 4.\- --Contributed by M. G. Lloyd, Ph.D., Washington, D. C. }
\par 
\par 
\pard\plain\absw3474\absh3600\dfrmtxtx181\nowrap\pvpara\posy386\phcol\posx144{\*\flymaincnt224\flyvert60480\flyhorz60416\flyanchor0\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5856c2f4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b{}{\lang1024}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Lantern [163] }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Tin Can Lantern }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying picture shows a lantern which can be made almost any\-where for immediate use. All that is needed is an empty tomato or coffee can, a piece of wire and a candle. Make a hole a little smaller than the diameter of a candle and about one-third
 of the way from the closed end of the can, as shown. A wire is tied around the can, forming a handle for carrying. This kind of lantern can be carried against almost any wind and the light will not be blown out. --Contributed by G. A. Sloan, Duluth, Minn.
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Study of Splashes [164] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When a rough, or greasy, or dusty sphere falls into a liquid, the liquid is forced away from the sphere. If the sphere is quite smooth the liquid rises up around and enclosing it in a sheath says Knowledge and Scientific News. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Reproduced herewith are a series of photographs showing successive stages in the entry of a rough sphere into milk and water, and the resultant "basket splash." The diameter of this sphere was about 3/5 in., and the height of the fall about 6 in. Examinati
on of the photographs shows that the liquid, in\-stead of flowing over and wetting the surface of the sphere, is driven violently away, so far as can be seen from the photographs, the upper portion is, at first, unwetted by the liquid. The gradual thickenin
g of the crater wall and the corresponding reduction in the number of its lobes as the subsidence proceeds is beautifully shown. There\-after there rises from the depth of the crater an exquisite jet which in obedi\-ence to the law of segmentation at once sp
lits up in its upper portion into little drops, while at the same time it gathers volume from below and rises ultimately as a tall, graceful column to a height which may be even greater than that from which the sphere fell. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi177\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3571\absh-10176\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m38db0ce3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Splashes from a Sphere In Milk and Water }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Stick Pin [164]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b  
\par 
\pard\plain\absw1883\absh4296\dfrmtxtx181\nowrap\pvpara\posy1380\phcol\posx0{\*\flymaincnt224\flyvert19808\flyhorz19456\flyanchor0\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m317c39a6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A fine stick pin or button can be made from a new one-cent piece. Care\-fully file out all the metal around the Indian head and slightly round the edges. Solder a pin to the back of the head when it is to be used for a stick pin. If a collar button base is 
soldered to the back of the head instead of the pin it can be used for a button. These can be gold plated by a jeweler and then you will have a neat pin or button, or a good emblem for the Order of Redmen. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Miniature Electric Locomotive [165] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A miniature electric railway is a thing that attracts the attention of almost any person. The cost of a toy electric locomotive is beyond the reach of many boys who could just as well make such a toy without much expense and be proud to say they "built it 
themselves." The electric locomotive described herewith uses for its power a small battery motor costing about $1. The first thing to do is to make the wheels and axles. If one has no }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6970\absh-3394\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert53057\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_107cb430.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Different Parts for Making the Electric Locomotive }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 lathe, the wheels can be turned at some machine shop. Four wheels are made from a round bar of metal, as shown in Fig. 1. Each wheel is 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex77\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. thick and 1 in. in diameter, with a 1/16}{\charscalex73 -}{\charscalex109 in. flange and a 1/4-in. hole drilled in the center. Each pair of wheel
s is fitted on a 1/4-in. axle, about 2-5/8 in. long. One of the axles should be fitted with a grooved belt wheel, as shown. Make the frame from three pieces of heavy brass, as shown in Fig. 2. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The first piece, or main part of the frame, is made from brass, 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex109 in. wide and 16 in. long, bent into an oblong shape and the ends soldered or bolted together. If the ends are to be soldered, before doing so drill four 1/4-in. holes 1 in. from the ends a
nd in\-sert the ends of the axles. The other two pieces are 1/2-in. wide and of the dimensions shown in the sketch. These pieces are riveted in the middle of the oblong frame, each in its proper place. The motor is now bolted, bottom side up, to the top of 
the piece fastened to the frame lengthwise. A trolley, Fig. 3, is made from a piece of clock spring, bent as shown, and a small piece of tin soldered to the top end for a brush connection. A groove is made in the tin to keep the trolley wire in place.}}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The trolley wire is fastened to sup\-ports made of wood and of the dimen\-sions given in Fig. 4. The trolley should be well insulated from the frame. The parts, put together com\-plete, are shown in Fig. 5. Run a belt from the pulley on the motor to the groov
ed wheel on the axle, as shown in Fig. 6,}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex76  }{\charscalex109 and the locomotive is ready for running. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In making the connections the travel of the locomotive may be made more complicated by placing a rheo\-stat and controlling switches in the line, so that the engine can be started and stopped at will from a distance and the speed regulated. Automatic switch
es can be attached at the ends of the line to break the circuit when the locomotive passes a certain point. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 One connection from the batteries is made to the trolley wire and the other to a rail. The connection for the motor runs from one binding post to the trolley and this connection must be well insulated to avoid a short-cir}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 cuit. The other binding-post is con
\-nected to the frame. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cost of making the wheels and purchasing the track will not be over $1.50. The track can be made from strips of tin put in a saw cut made in pieces of wood used for ties. This will save buying a track. --Contributed by Maurice E. Fuller, San Antonio, T
exas. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Demagnetizing a Watch [166]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 A test can be made to know if your watch is magnetized by placing a small compass on the side of the watch near\-est the escapement wheel if the com}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i \-}{\charscalex105 pass pointer moves with the escapement wheel the watch is magnetized. A magnetized watch must be placed in a
 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-3466\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5aa38d94.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Watch Demagnetizer }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 coil that has an alternating current of electricity flowing through it to remove the magnetism. A demagnetizer can be made as shown in the illustration. Two end pieces for the coil are made as shown in Fig. 1 from 1/4-in. wood. These ends are fastened toge
ther, Fig. 2, with cardboard 3 in. long glued to the inside edges of the holes cut in them. Wind upon the spool thus formed about 2 lb. of No. 16 cotton-covered copper wire. As it will be necessary to place a 16-cp. lamp in series with the coil, both the c
oil and lamp can be mounted on a suit\-able base and connected as shown in Fig. 3. The current, which must be 110 volt alternating current, is turned on the lamp and coil and the magnet\-ized watch slowly drawn through the opening in the center of the coil. 
\---Contributed by Arthur Liebenberg, Cincinnati, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20O. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex119\fs20{\b How to Make a Pocket Skate Sharpener}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex119\fs20\fs20 [166] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Secure a square file and break off a piece, Fig 1, the length of a paper clip, Fig. 2. Draw the temper in the ends of this piece of file, but do not heat the center. This can be done by wrapping a wet piece of}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex73  }{\charscalex105 cloth or asbestos around the middle and holdin
g it in the jaws of a pair of tongs which will only leave the end uncovered and projecting from the tongs about 1/2 in. Hold this pro\-jecting end in a flame of a plumber's torch until it is a dull red. Allow this to cool slowly while in the tongs. When col
d treat the other end in the same way. This will draw the temper in only the ends which are filed, as shown in Fig. 1, and holes drilled in them. Also drill a hole in each end of the spring on the paper clip to match those drilled in the piece of file. Fas
ten the file in the clip with small bolts, as shown in Fig. 3. When the file gets filled with filings it can be removed and cleaned. Place the runner of the skate in the clip and hold flat on the surface of the runner. If the piece of file is fitted to the
 same width as the skate runner the sides of the paper clip will hold the file level with the surface of the runner without any trouble. Push the clip back and forth until the skate is sharpened. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3418\absh-2395\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert25601\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m426707ce.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sharpener for Skates }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Old-Time Magic [167]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Trick with a Coin in a Wine Glass [167]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The accompanying sketch shows a}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20. {\charscalex105 trick of removing a dime from the bottom of an old \-fashioned wine glass without touching the coin. The dime is first placed in the bottom of the glass and then a silver quarter dropped in on top. The quarter will not go al
l the way down. Blow hard into the glass in the position shown and the dime will fly out and strike the blower on the nose. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1531\absh-2438\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert50369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_a0b18e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Untying-a-Knot Trick [167]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tie a double knot in a silk hand\-kerchief, as shown in the accompany\-ing sketch and tighten the last tie a little by slightly drawing the two upper ends; then continue to tighten much more, pulling vigorously at the first corner of the handkerchief, and as
 this end belongs to the same corner it cannot be pulled much without loosening the twisted line of the knot to be\-come a straight line. The other corner forms a slip knot on the end, which can be drawn out with\-out disturbing the form, or apparent securit
y of the knot, at the moment when you cover the knot with the un\-used part of the handkerchief. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the trick is to be performed, tie two or three very hard knots that are tightly drawn and show your audi\-ence that they are not easy to untie. The slip knot as described then must be made in apparently the same way }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1531\absh-2045\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59809\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m17fdf291.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and untied with the thumb while the knot is in the folds of the handkerchief. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Gear-Cutting Attachment for Small Lathes [167] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When in need of small gears for ex\-perimental or model machines the ama\-teur usually purchases them, never thinking that he could make them on his own lathe. A small attachment can be made to fasten in the tool post of a lathe and the attachment made to ta
ke a mandrel on which to place the blank for cutting a gear. The frame is made from a 1/2 in. square iron bent as shown in the sketch with the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3302\absh-1978\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4f71d69a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gear-Cutting Attachment for Lathes }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 projecting end filed to fit the tool post of the lathe. A pair of centers are fitted, one of which should have a screw thread and lock nut for adjust\-ment in putting in and removing the mandrel. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 All the old clock wheels that can be found should be saved and used for index wheels. All of these wheels should be fitted to one end of the mandrel. The blank wheel is put on the outer end of the mandrel and a clock wheel having the number of teeth desire
d placed on the other end. When the mandrel is put in between the cen\-ters a small pawl is fastened with a screw to the frame with its upper end engaging in a tooth of the clock wheel. One clock wheel will index more than one number of teeth on a blank whe
el. For instance: if the clock wheel has 18 teeth it can be made to index 6, 9 or 18 teeth to the blank by moving the number of teeth each time 3, 2 and 1 respectively. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the sketch, A shows the end of the cutter and B the side and the shape of the cutting tool. When the cutter A, which is in a mandrel placed in the centers of the lathe, has finished a cut for a tooth, the pawl is disengaged and the mandrel turned to ano
ther tooth in the clock wheel. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In order to get the desired height it is sometimes necessary to block up the lathe head and the final depth of the tooth adjusted by the two screws in the projecting end of the frame which rests on the rocker in the tool post. Should too much spring occur 
when cutting iron gears the frame can be made rigid by blocking up the space between it and the lathe bed. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The cutter mandrel is placed in the centers of the lathe, or should the lathe head be raised, a short mandrel with the cutter near the end can be placed in a chuck, and adjusted to run true. The frame holding the mandrel, gear blank and clock wheel is inse
rted in the tool post of the lathe and adjusted for depth of the cutter. The lathe is started and the gear blank fed on the cutter slowly until the tooth is cut. The pawl is released and the mandrel turned to the proper number of teeth and the operation re
peated. In this manner gears }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 3 }{\charscalex105 in. in diameter can be made on a 6-in. swing lathe. --Con\-tributed by Samuel C. Bunker, Brook\-}{\charscalex106 lyn, N. Y. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Wire Terminals for Battery Con\-nections [168] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2630\absh-1814\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59841\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m748e87ce.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cotter Pin Wire Terminal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Good connections on the end of wires for batteries can be made from cotter pins, Fig. 1, about 1-1/2 in. long. Each end of the wire is put through the eye of a cotter pin, twisted around itself  and soldered. The connection and eye are then covered with ta
pe as shown in Fig. 2. When connecting to batteries, spread the pin and push the parts un\-der the nut with one part on each side of the binding-post. When the nuts are tightened the connection will be better than with the bare wire. --Con\-tributed by Howar
d S. Bott. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ul\charscalex72{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Simple Arts and Crafts Leather Work [168] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Very interesting and useful pieces of leather work can be done with noth\-ing more for equipment than a cup \-pointed nail set such as carpenter use, and a nut pick. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying illustrations show some of the things that can be made. Beginning at the left and reading to the right they are: -Case for court-plaster, coin purse, lady's card case, eye glass cleaner or pen wiper (has chamois skin within). Second row: -
Two book marks, note book, blotter back, book mark. Third row: -Pin ball (has sad\-dler's felt between the two leather disks), tea cosey, gentleman's card case or bill book. Fourth row: -Needle or pin case, tea cosey, lady's belt bag, watch fob ready for fa
stenings. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Procure a piece of Russian calf modeling leather. (1.) Make on pa\-per the design wanted. (2.) Moisten the back side of the leather with sponge or cloth with as much water as it will take yet not show through on the face side. (3.) Place the leather on some
 hard non-absorbent material, such as brass or marble. (4.) Place the paper design on the leather and, holding it in place with the left hand, trace the out\-line, of the object and the decorative design with the nut pick so as to make a V-shaped groove in 
the leather. (5.) Take the paper off and working on the leather directly make the grooves deeper. (6.) With the cup-pointed nail set stamp the background pro\-miscuously. This is done by making an effort to hold the point of the set about 1/4 in. above the 
surface, at the same time striking light, rapid blows on the top with a hammer or mallet. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With such objects as coin purses and card cases, a sewing machine will be needed to fasten the parts together. An ordinary machine will do. Fre\-quently the parts are fastened by punch\-ing holes and lacing through these with leather thongs or silk cord. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 In making symmetrical designs such as{\charscalex89\b  }are here shown, draw center lines }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 across the required space, dividing it into as many parts as desired. Make free-hand one quarter of the design, if four parts are to be alike, or one-half of the design, if but two parts. Fold over along these center lines. Put a piece of double-surfaced c
arbon paper between the parts and trace over the design already drawn. }
\par 
\par 
\pard\plain\absw7032\absh9090\dfrmtxtx181\nowrap\pvpara\posy0\phcol\posx0{\*\flymaincnt224\flyvert54496\flyhorz19456\flyanchor0\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5d3e41a6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This Work Is Done with a Nail Set and Nut Pick }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Simple Still [170] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A still to distill water can be made from a test tube, some heavy rubber hose, and an ordinary bottle. Secure }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3442\absh-2731\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33217\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_17a91388.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Distilling Water }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 a stopper for the test tube, and bore a hole through the center, into which fit a small piece of tube. The bottle is also fitted with a stopper containing a piece of tube, and both bottle and test tube connected with a rubber tube. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The test tube is partly filled with water and supported or held over an alcohol lamp. The bottle should stand in a basin of cold water. When the water in the test tube begins to boil the steam passes over to the bottle, where it condenses. The basin should
 be supplied with cold water as fast as it begins to get warm. The rubber tube will not stand the heat very long and if the still is to be used several times, a metal tube should be supplied to con\-nect the test tube and bottle. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Mariner's Compass [170] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magnetize an ordinary knitting needle, A, and push it through a cork, B, and place the cork exactly in the middle of the needle. Thrust a pin, C, through the cork at right angles to the needle and stick two sharpened matches in the sides of the cork so tha
t they will project downward as shown. The whole arrangement is balanced on a thimble with balls of wax stuck on the heads of the matches. If the needle is not horizontal, pull it through the cork to one side or the other, or change }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3422\absh-1925\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16577\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_mde7f92b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magnetized Needle Revolving on a Pin }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the wax balls. The whole device is placed in a glass berry dish and cov\-ered with a pane of glass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Brighten White Paint [170]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Add aluminum bronze to a white or light paint that is to be used for letter\-ing on a dark ground. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Quartz Electrodes Used in Receiving Wireless Messages [170] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex50{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \'b7}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3442\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_mbab9db3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Receiving Instrument }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Wireless messages have been re\-ceived at Washington, D.C.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90\f4 , }{\charscalex109 from Key West, Florida, a distance of 900 miles, through a receiving instrument in which two pieces of quartz of different composition were used on the elec\-trodes. In making an instrument of this 
kind the quartz can be purchased from a dealer in minerals. One piece must contain copper pyrites and the other zincites. The electrodes are made cupping to hold the minerals and each should have a screw adjust\-ment to press the pieces of quartz in contact
 with each other. Connect as }{\charscalex107 shown in the illustration, using a high resistance receiver. --Contributed by Edwin L. Powell, Washington, D. C. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex107 H}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex109 ow to Make a Glider [171]}}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 By {\charscalex110 Carl }Bates }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A gliding machine is a motorless aeroplane, or flying-machine, propelled by gravity and designed to carry a pass\-enger through the air from a high point to a lower point some distance away. Flying in a glider is simply coasting down hill on the air, and is
 the most in\-teresting and exciting sport imagin\-able. The style of glider described in this article is known as the "two-sur\-face" or "double-decked" aeroplane, and is composed of two arched cloth sur\-faces placed one above the other. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 In building a glider the wood mate\-rial used should be straight-grained spruce, free from knots. First prepare from spruce planks the following strips of wood. Four long beams 3/4 in. thick, 1-1/4 in. wide and 20 ft. long; 12 cross\-pieces 3/4 in. thick, 3/
4 in. wide and 3 ft. long; 12 uprights 1/2 in. thick, 1-1/2 in. wide and 4 ft long; 41 strips for the bent ribs 3/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. thick, 1/2}{\charscalex52 - }{\charscalex107 in. wide and 4 ft. long; 2 arm sticks 1 in. thick, 2 in. wide and 3 ft. long; the rudder sticks 3/4 in. square and 8 ft lon
g; several strips 1/2 in. by 3/4 in. for building the vertical and horizontal rudders. The frames for the two main surfaces should be constructed first, by bolting the crosspieces to the long beams at the places shown by the dimensions in Fig. 1. If 20-ft.
 lumber cannot be pro\-cured, use 10-ft. lengths and splice them, as shown in Fig. 3. All bolts used should be 1/8 in. in diameter and fitted with washers on both ends. These frames formed by the crosspieces should be braced by diagonal wires as shown. All 
wiring is done with No. 16 piano wire. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The 41 ribs may be nailed to the main frames on the upper side by using fine flat-headed brads 7/8 in. long. These ribs are spaced 1 ft. apart and extend 1 ft. beyond the rear edges of the main frames, as shown in Fig. 1. After nailing one end of a rib to 
the front long beam, the rib is arched by springing down the loose end and nailing to the rear beam. The ribs should have a curve as shown in Fig. 2, the amount of curvature being the same in all the ribs. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The frames of the main surfaces are now ready to be covered with cloth. Cambric or bleached muslin should be used for the covering, which is tacked to the front edge, stretched tightly over the bent ribs and fastened securely with tacks to the rear ends of
 the ribs. The cloth should also be glued to the ribs for safety. In the center of the lower plane surface there should be an open\-ing 2 ft. wide and 4 ft. long for the body of the operator. Place the two main surfaces 4 ft. apart and connect with the 12 u
prights, placed in the cor\-ner of each crosspiece and beam. The uprights are fastened by bolting to the crosspieces, as shown in Fig. 2. The whole structure is made strong and rigid by bracing with diagonal wires, both laterally and longitudinally. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The vertical rudder is to keep the machine headed into the wind and is not movable. This rudder is made of cloth stretched over a light wooden frame, which is nailed to the rudder sticks connecting to the main frame. The horizontal rudder is also made of c
loth stretched over a light wooden frame, and arranged to intersect the vertical rudder at its center. This rud\-der is held in position and strengthened by diagonal wires and guy wires. The horizontal rudder is also immovable and its function is to prevent
 the machine from diving, and also to keep it steady in its flight. The rudders are fastened to the glider by the two rud\-der sticks, and these sticks are held rigid by diagonal wire and also by guy wires leading to the sides of the main frames as shown in
 Fig. 1. The two arm sticks should be spaced about 13 in. apart and bolted to the long beams in the center of the opening in the lower plane where the operator is to take his position. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The glider should be examined to see }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 that the frame is not warped or twisted. The surfaces must be true or the ma\-chine will be hard to balance when in flight. To make a glide, take the glider to the top of a hill, get in between the arm sticks and lift th
e machine up un\-til the arm sticks are under the arms as shown run a few steps against the wind and leap from the ground. You will find that the machine has a surprising amount of lift, and if the weight of the body is in the right place you will go shooti
ng down the hillside in free flight. The landing is made by pushing the weight of the body backwards. This will cause the glider to tip up in front, slacken speed and settle. The operator can then land safely and gently on his feet. Of course, the beginner
 should learn by taking short jumps, gradually increasing the distance as he gains skill and experience in balancing and land\-ing. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6970\absh-11213\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26977\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1c8a161e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex131{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Glider }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The proper position of the body is slightly ahead of the center of the planes, but this must be found by ex\-perience. The machine should not be used in winds blowing faster than 15 miles an hour. Glides are always made against the wind, and the balancing i
s done by moving the legs. The higher the starting point the farther one may fly. Great care should be exercised in making landings; otherwise the opera\-tor might suffer a sprained ankle or perhaps a broken limb. The illustra\-tion shows two lines of flight
 from a hilltop, the glider travels on the upper line caused by the body of the operator taking a position a little back of the proper place, and on the lower line he changes his position from front to back while flying, which causes the dip in the line. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Boys Representing the Centaur [173]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This is a diversion in which two boys personate a Centaur, a creature of Greek mythology, half man and half horse. One of the players stands erect and the other behind him in a stooping position with his hands upon the first player's hips, as shown in Fig.
 1. The }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3374\absh-6835\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert5281\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m22243b15.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex126{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Making Up the Centaur }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 second player is covered over with a. shawl or table cover which is pinned around the waist of the first player. A tail made of strips of cloth or paper is pinned to the rear end of the cover. The first player should hold a bow and arrow and have a cloak t
hrown loosely over his shoulder as shown in Fig. 2. Imitation hoofs of pasteboard may be made and fastened over the shoes. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Ladle for Melting Babbitt [173] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Secure a large sized old bicycle bell and rivet a heavy wire or strap iron on one side for a handle. When heated a little, hammer out the edge on one side for a lip to pour from. This makes a good ladle for melting small amounts of }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20babbit or lead{\charscalex105 . --Contri
buted by L. M. Olson, Bellingham, Wash }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Flash Lamp [174]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Indoor photographs are made much better with the use of a flashlight than by depending on light from windows. The lighting can be made from any direction to suit the operator. If light\-ing flash powder when not in a regular flash lamp the flash cannot be d
epended upon and in some instances is danger\-ous. To make a simple and inexpen\-sive flash lamp, first secure from your druggist an empty salve box about 3 in. in diameter. While at the drug store get 3 ft. of small rubber tubing; this will cost about 15 ce
nts. Now visit the tin shop and get a small piece of scrap tin 3 or 4 in. square; a piece of brass or steel wire, about the size of stove pipe wire, 14 in. long. These with a strip of light asbestos paper and some small iron wire, about the size of door sc
reen wire, will complete the material list. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Carefully punch a hole through the salve box on one side near the bottom with a 10-penny nail. Cut a strip of tin 2 in. long and about 3/8 in. wide and roll this around an 8-penny nail so as to form a small tube which will just fit the hole made in the sal
ve box. Next roll up a strip of tin 1/2 in. wide into a small cup about 3/8 in. in diameter at one end and 1/4 in. at the other. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place the tube in the nail hole so that one end comes almost to the center of the box inside and the other end pro\-jects about 1/2 in. outside the box. Cut out a little place for the tube to enter the cup at the small end and then solder the tube and cup t
o the bottom of the box as shown in the illustration. The tube and cup should be well sold\-ered on the seams to make them air\-tight. Bend a ring on one end of the larger piece of wire, making it 2-1/2 in. in diameter and form the remaining por\-tion of the 
wire into a spiral, soldering the end in the bottom of the box near the cup. Wrap the ring at the top of the spiral piece of wire all the way }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2842\absh-3173\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert55233\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1344dbd3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Made from a Tin Salve Box }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 around with the strip of asbestos paper, wrapping them together over and over until the entire ring is covered. Slip the end of the rubber tube over the tin tube on the side of the box and the flash lamp is complete. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make a flash with this lamp fill the little cup in the center with flash powder and moisten the asbestos ring with alcohol. When all is ready for the picture the alcohol is lighted and a quick blow of the breath through the rubber tube will force the fl
ash powder upward into the flame and cause the flash. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When through with the lamp place the cover over it, pushing the asbestos ring down inside the box. Wind the rubber tubing around the box and you have a neat outfit that can be carried in the pocket. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex111 Photographing the }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex121 New }{\charscalex111 Moon [174] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 To make a photograph of the moon is quite difficult and no good picture can be made without an expensive apparatus. At home and with your own hand camera you can make a good picture of the new moon by the use of a flash light on a tennis ball, the tennis b
all taking the part of the moon. The ball is suspended in front of a black cloth screen, the camera focused by holding a burning match near the ball and the exposure made by burning a }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20small quantity of flash powder at one side and a little below the ball. 
The light from the flash only striking one side of the ball gives the effect of the new moon. --Photo by M. M. Hunting, Dayton, O. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2933\absh-4349\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12609\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_120ae5ea.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tennis Ball Photographed }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Old-Time Magic- Part II [175] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing Scissors from a Cord [175]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A piece of strong cord is doubled and fastened to a pair of scissors with a slip knot, as shown in Fig. 1. After pass\-ing the ends of the cord through the thumb hole of the scissors they are tied fast to a chair, door knob or any other object that may be o
f sufficient size to make the ends secure. The trick is to release the scissors without cutting the cord. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take hold of the loop end of the cord in the lower handle and drawing it first }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3442\absh-1694\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert55681\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m77b15ff7.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 How the Scissors Are Removed }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 through the upper handle and then completely over the blades of the scis\-sors, as shown in Fig. 2. This is very simple when you know how, but puz\-zling when the trick is first seen. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Coin and Card on the First Finger [175] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This is a simple trick that many can do at the first attempt, while others will fail time after time. It is a good trick to spring upon a company casually if you have practiced it beforehand. A playing card is balanced on the tip of the forefinger and a pe
nny placed on top immediately over the finger end, as shown in the sketch. With the right \-hand forefinger and thumb strike the edge of the card sharply. If done properly the card will flyaway, leaving the penny poised on the finger end. }
\par 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1574\absh-1022\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert55713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4bf7b803.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Sealing Wax Hat Pins [175]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Select a stick of sealing wax of the desired color for the foundation of the hat pin. Hold the end of the stick over a flame until the wax is soft enough to drop; then put it on the hat-pin head. When sufficient wax has adhered to the pin, hold the lump ov
er the flame, re\-volving the pin at the same time so the wax will not drop and the head will form a round ball. The head can be made in any shape desired while warm. When the desired shape has been ob\-tained, cool thoroughly in cold water and dry carefully
. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stripes and designs may be put on the foundation by applying drops of other brilliant colored wax, and by care\-ful manipulation the wax when warm can be made to flow around the pin head and form pretty stripes and de\-signs. If a certain color is to be more
 prominent, the wax to make this color must be applied last and the pin put through the flame again. Cool in water and dry, as before, and pass once more through the flame to obtain the luster. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Old-Time Magic-Part III [176]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Disappearing Coin [176]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 While this is purely a sleight-of-hand trick, it will take very little practice to cause the coin to disappear instantly. Take a quarter of a dollar between the thumb and finger, as shown, and by a rapid twist of the fingers whirl the coin and at the same 
time close the hand, and the coin will disappear up your coat sleeve. On opening the hand the coin will not be seen. Take three quarters and hold one in the palm of the left hand, place the other two, one between the thumb and finger of each hand, then giv
e the coin in the right hand a }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex62 \-}{\charscalex105 whirl, as described, closing both hands quickly. The coin in the right hand will disappear up your sleeve, and the left hand on being unclosed will con\-tain two quarters, while the one in the right shall have disappeared. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1882\absh-1920\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57985\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m736705e2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Sticking a Coin Against the Wall [176] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut a small notch in a coin\emdash ten \-cent piece or quarter will do--so a small point will project. When this is pressed firmly against a wood casing or partition the coin will stick tightly. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Chinese Outdoor Game [176] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying illustration shows the "grand whirl," or the Chinese stu\-dents' favorite game. This game is played by five persons, four of them turning around the fifth or central figure}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3370\absh-1987\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56897\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_mfd22009.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chinese Doing the Grand Whirl }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 with their arms locked about each other and the two outside persons swinging in midair with their bodies almost horizontal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Photograph of a Light\-ning Flash [176] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 How many times has each amateur photographer tried to photograph the lightning's flash? Some good pictures have been obtained by a ceaseless effort on the part of the operator. Here is a method by which you can make a }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20pic{\charscalex114 ture of a }{\charscalex105 streak of light\-ning on a
 clear night in your own house. Paste two strips of black paper on a piece of glass that is 10 in. square so as to leave a clear space through the center 2-in. or more in width. Smoke this uncovered space over a can\-dle's flame until the soot is thick enou
gh to pre\-vent light pass\-ing through. Take a sharp lead pencil and outline a flash of lightning upon the smoked surface, using a fine needle to make the smaller lines, and then set the glass up against the back of two boxes which are set to have a space b
etween them of 4 or 5 in. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A lighted candle is held behind the glass so the light will shine through for focusing the camera. After darkening the room set your camera ready for the exposure and burn a small quantity of flash light powder in the same place in which the candle was hel
d. This will make an impression upon the plate of the flash drawn on the smoked glass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1901\absh-4973\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57281\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m9c85a3f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Static Machine [177] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Static electricity is produced by re\-volving glass plates upon which a num\-ber of sectors are cemented; these sec\-tors, passing through neutralizing brushes, distribute electric charges }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7330\absh-3331\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m426066a8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of a Homemade Static Machine }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 to collecting combs attached to dis\-charging rods. The glass selected for the plates must be clear white glass, free from wrinkles, and of a uniform thickness. Two plates are necessary to make this machine, and the glass should be of sufficient size to cut
 a cir\-cular plate 16-in. in diameter. A hole must be made exactly in the center of each plate, and this should be done before cutting the circle. One of the best ways to make the hole is to drill the glass with a very hard-tempered drill, the cutting edge
 of which should be kept moistened with 2 parts tur\-pentine and 1 part sweet oil while drilling. The hole is to be made 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex109 in. in diameter. The circle is then marked on each plate and cut with a glass cutter. The plates are trued up, after they are mounte
d, by holding a piece of emery wheel to the edges while they are turning. Water should be applied to the edges while doing the work. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The sectors are cut from tinfoil, 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex85\i  }{\charscalex109 in. wide at one end, 3/4}{\charscalex71\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. at the other, and 4 in. long. A thin coat of shellac varnish is applied to both sides of the plates, and 16 sectors put on one side of each plate, as shown in Fig. 1. The divisions can be
 marked on the oppo\-site side of the plate and a circle drawn as a guide to place the sectors at proper intervals. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sectors should lie flat on the glass with all parts smoothed out so that they will not be torn from their places as the plates revolve. The shel\-lac should be tacky when the pieces of tinfoil are put in place. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The collectors are made, as shown in Fig. 2, from about 1/4-in. copper wire with two brass balls soldered to the ends. The fork part is 6 in. long and the shank 4 in. Holes are drilled on the inside of the forks, and pins in\-serted and soldered. These pins
, or teeth, should be long enough to be very close to the sectors and yet not scratch them when the plates are turning. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The frame of the machine is made from any kind of finished wood with dimensions shown in Fig. 3, the side pieces being 24 in. long and the stand\-ards 3 in. wide. The two pieces, C C, Fig. 3, are made from solid, close\- grained wood turned in the shape show
n, with the face that rests against the plate 4 in. in diameter, and the outer end 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex85\i  }{\charscalex109 in. in diameter, the smaller end being turned with a groove for a round belt. Before turning the pieces a hole is bored through each piece for the center, and this hol
e must be of such a size as to take a brass tube }that has an internal diameter of 3/4 in. The turned pieces are glued to the glass plates over the center holes and on the same side on which the sectors are fast\-ened. Several hours' time will be re\-quired f
or the glue to set. A fiber washer is then put between the plates and a brass tube axle placed through the hole. The plates, turned wood pieces, and brass axle turn on a stationary axle, D. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The drive wheels, EE, are made from 7/8-in. material 7 in. in diameter, and are fastened on a round axle cut from a broom handle. This wood axle is cen\-trally bored to admit a metal rod tight\-ly, and extends through the standards with a crank attached to o
ne end. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two solid glass rods, GG, Fig. 4, 1 in. in diameter and 15 in. long, are fitted in holes bored into the end pieces of the frame. Two pieces of 1-in. brass tubing and the discharging rods, RR, are soldered into two hollow brass balls 2 or 2-1/2 in. in diame
ter. The shanks of the collectors are fitted in these brass balls with the ends extending, to which insulating handles are attached. Brass balls are soldered to the upper ends of the discharging rods, one having a 2-in. ball and the other one 3/4 in. in di
ameter. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Caps made from brass are fitted tightly on the ends of the stationary shaft, D, and drilled through their diameter to admit heavy copper rods, KK, which are bent as shown. Tinsel or fine wire such as contained in flex\-ible electric wire are soldered to the
 ends of these rods, and the brushes thus made must be adjusted so they will just touch the plates. The caps are fitted with screws for adjusting the brushes. These rods and brushes are called the neutralizers. A little experi\-menting will enable one to pr
operly locate the position of the neutralizers for best results. --Contributed by C. Lloyd Enos, Colorado City, Colo. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Concrete Swimming Pool [178] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Several boys from a neighborhood in the suburbs of a large city concluded to }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 make for themselves a swimming tank of concrete. The money was raised by various means to purchase the cement, and the work was done by themselves. The ground was selected in a secluded spot in a neighbor's back yard and a hole dug to a depth of 4 ft., 12 
ft. wide and 22 ft. long. The concrete was made by mixing 1 part cement, 4 parts sand and 10 parts gravel to\-gether and the bulk moistened with water. The bottom was made the same as laying a sidewalk, and forms were only used for the inside of the sur\-rou
nding wall. The tank may be hid\-den with shrubbery or vines planted to grow over a poultry wire fence. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7061\absh-3749\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1bed1b8a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex113 Home-Made Swimming }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 Pool }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 Old-Time {\charscalex122 Magic-Part }IV [179] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cutting a Thread Inside of a Glass Bottle [179] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This is a trick which can only be performed when the sun shines, but it }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3197\absh-2688\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56097\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_277726d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Glass Directs the Sun's Rays }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 is a good one. Procure a clear glass bottle and stick a pin in the lower end of the cork. Attach a thread to the pin and tie a small weight to the end of the thread so it will hang inside the bottle when the cork is in place. Inform your audience that you 
will sever the thread and cause the weight to drop without removing the cork. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 All that is required to perform the feat is to hold a magnifying glass so as to direct the sun's rays on the thread. The thread will quickly burn and the weight fall. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing a Key from a Double String [179]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tie the ends of a 5-ft. string to\-gether, making a double line on which a key is placed and the string held as shown by the dotted lines in the sketch. Turn the palms of the hands toward you and reach over with the little finger of the right hand and take 
hold of the inside line near the left-hand thumb. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7104\absh-1622\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert61345\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_b476c2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 "The Key Will Drop from the String" }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Reverse the operation and take hold of the inside line near right-hand thumb with the little finger of the left hand. You will then have the string as it appears in the sketch. Quickly let loose of the string with a little fin\-ger on one hand and a thumb o
n the other and pull the string taut. The key will drop from the string.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex106 H}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex122 ow to Bore a Square Hole [179]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 You would not consider it possible to bore a square hole in a piece of card\-board, yet such a thing can be done. Take a cardboard or a thin piece of wood, fold and place it between two pieces of board with the fold up; the boards are then put in a vise as 
shown. Start the bit with the screw point in the fold, using a 1-in. bit, and bore a }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3240\absh-3552\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3bce9458.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 hole 1/2 in. deep. When the cardboard is taken from the vise it will appear as shown at B and when unfolded, as at A}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex74 . }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b HOW TO MAKE COPPER TRAYS [180] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Copper trays such as are shown in the accompanying illustration are very useful as well as ornamental about the house. They can be used to keep pins and needles, pens and pencils, or cigar ashes, etc. They are easily made, re\-quire no equipment in the way 
of tools except what are usually found about the house, unless it would be the metal shears, and when the decorations are well designed and the metal nicely colored, they make attractive little pieces to have about. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The first thing to do in prep\-aration for making them is to prepare the design. Simple designs work out better than fussy ones and are more likely to be within the ability of the ama\-teur. Having determined the size of the tray, draw on paper an oblong to 
represent it. In\-side this oblong, draw another one to represent the lines along which the metal is to be bent up to form the sides. Inside this there should be drawn still another oblong to represent the margin up to which the background is to be worked. 
The trays shown are 5-3/4 by 6-3/4 in., the small ash tray 4 by 4 in., the long pen and pencil tray 4-3/4 by 9-1/2 in. The second oblong was 3/4 in. inside the first on all, and the third one 1/4 in. in\-side the second on all. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the decoration is to have two parts alike\emdash symmetrical--divide the space with a line down the middle. Draw one-half the design free hand, then fold along this line and trace the second half from this one. If the lines have been drawn with soft pencil, ru
bbing the back of the paper with a knife handle will force enough of the lead to the second side so that the outline can be determined. Four-part sym\-metry will require two lines and two foldings, etc. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 For the metal working there will be needed a pair of tin shears, two spikes, file, flat and round-nosed pliers, screw-driver and sheet copper of No. 23 gauge. Proceed as follows: }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex119 1. }{\charscalex106 Cut off a piece of copper so that it shall have 1/2 in. extra metal on eac
h of the four sides. 2. With a piece of carbon paper trace upon the copper lines that }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4090\absh-4330\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert61409\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5eb8364e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Articles Made from Copper }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 shall represent the margin of the tray proper and the lines along which the upturned sides of the tray are to be bent; also trace the decorative design. 3. With a nail make a series of holes in the extra margin, about 3/4-in. apart and large enough to take
 in a 3/4-in. slim screw. 4. Fasten the metal to a thick board by inserting screws in these holes. 5. With a 20-penny wire nail that has the sharpness of its point filed off, stamp the background promiscu\-ously. By holding the nail about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex55  }{\charscalex106 in. above the 
work and striking it with the hammer, at the same time striving to keep it at 1/4}{\charscalex55  }{\charscalex106 in. above the metal, very rapid progress can be made. This stamping lowers the background and at the same time raises the design. 6. Chase or stamp along the border of the de
sign and background, using a nail filed to chisel edge. This is to make a clean, sharp division between background and design. 7.}{\charscalex65\i  }{\charscalex106 When the }{\charscalex105 stamping is completed, remove the screws and the metal from the board and cut off the extra margin with the metal she
ars. File the edges until they are smooth to the touch. 8. With the flat pliers "raise" one side of the tray, then the other side. 9. Raise the ends, adjusting the corners as shown in the illustration. Use the round-nosed pliers for this purpose. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Copper is frequently treated chem\-ically to give it color. Very pretty effects may be obtained by covering the tray with turpentine, then moving it about over a flame such as a bunsen burner until the turpentine burns off. The copper will "take on" almost 
all the colors of a rainbow, and the effect will be most pleasing.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex105 P}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex114 hotograph of a Clown Face [181]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 At first glance the accompanying photograph will appear as if the per\-son photographed is wearing a false face or has his face painted like a clown. On close observation you will notice that the face is made on the bald head of the person sitting behind th
e table. The eyes, nose and mouth are cut from black paper and pasted on the bald spot. The subject's face is horizontal and resting upon his hands. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3302\absh-4051\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56513\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5b05bc6b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Bald Head Photographed }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex114\b Finger Mathematics [181]  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 By Charles C. Bradley }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 All machinists use mathematics. Ask a machinist what would be the product of 9 times 8 and his ready reply would be 72, but change the figures a little and say 49 times 48 and the chances are that instead of replying at once he will have to figure it out w
ith a pencil. By using the following method it is just as easy to tell at a glance what 99 times 99 are as 9 times 9. You will be able to multiply far beyond your most sanguine expectations. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the first numbering, begin by holding your hands with the palms toward the body and make imaginary numbers on the thumbs and fingers as follows: Thumbs, 6; first fingers, 7; second fingers, 8; third fingers, 9, and fourth fingers, 10. Suppose you desire
 to multiply 8 by 9, put the eighth finger on one hand against the ninth finger of the other hand as shown. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3379\absh-2443\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert21665\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2519f625.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 "8 Times 9" }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The two joined fingers and all the fingers above them (calling the thumbs fingers) are called the upper fingers and each has a value of ten, which tens are added. All the fingers below the joined fingers are termed the lower fingers, and each of the lower 
fingers represents a unit value of one. The sum of the units on one hand should be multiplied by the sum of the units on the other hand. The total tens added to this last named sum will give the prod\-uct desired. Thus: Referring to above picture or to your
 hands we find three tens on the left hand and four tens on the right, which would be 70. We also }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 find two units on the left hand and one on the right. Two times one are two, and 70 plus 2 equals 72, or the product of 8 times 9. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Supposing 6 times 6 were the figures. Put your thumbs together; there are no fingers above, so the two thumbs rep\-resent two tens or 20; below the thumbs are four units on each hand, which would be 16, and 20 plus 16 equals 36, or the product of 6 times 6.
 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7037\absh-2486\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32961\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m34564f00.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1\tx2472{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab   {\charscalex117 "6 Times 6" \tab "10 Times }{\charscalex79 7" }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex79\tx1\tx2472{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx180{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi172\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Supposing 10 times 7 is desired. Put the little finger of the left hand against the first finger of the right hand. At a glance you see seven tens or 70. On the right hand you have three units and on the left nothing. Three times noth\-ing gives you nothing
 and 70 plus noth\-ing is 70. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi172\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the second numbering, or numbers above 10, renumber your fingers; thumbs, 11; first fingers, 12, etc. Let us multiply 12 by 12. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Put together the tips of the fingers labeled 12. At a glance you see four tens or 40. At this point we leave the method explained in Case 1 and ignore the units (lower fingers) altogether. We go back to the upper fingers again }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-2573\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35073\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_797406c2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex125{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 "12 Times 12" }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and multiply the number of upper fingers used on the one hand by the num\-ber of upper fingers used on the other hand, viz., 2 times 2 equals 4. Adding 4 to 40 gives us 44. We now add 100 (because anything over 10 times 10 would make over 100) and we have 1
44, the product of 12 times 12. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi172\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The addition of 100 is arbitrary, but being simple it saves time and trouble. Still, if we wish, we might regard the four upper fingers in the above example as four twenties, or 80, and the six lower fingers as six tens, or 60; then returning to the upper 
fingers and multiplying the two on the right hand by the two on the left we would have 4; hence 80 plus 60 plus 4 equals 144; therefore the rule of adding the lump sum is much the quicker and easier method. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi172\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Above 10 times 10 the lump sum to add is 100; above 15 times 15 it is 200; above 20 times 20, 400; 25 times 25, 600, etc., etc., as high as you want to }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20go. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi172\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the third numbering to multiply above 15 renumber your fingers, begin\-ning the thumbs with 16, first finger 17, and so on. Oppose the proper finger tips as before, the upper fingers repre\-senting a value of 20. Proceed as in the first numbering and add 
200. Take For example 18 times 18. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 At a glance we see six twenties plus 2 units on left hand times 2 units on right hand plus 200 equals 324. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the fourth numbering the fingers are marked, thumbs, 21, first fingers 22, etc., the value of the upper fingers being 20. Proceed as in the second lumbering, adding 400 instead of 100. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3442\absh-2462\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert8161\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_mee4bd49.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex125{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 "18 Times 18" }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Above 25 times 25 the upper fingers represent a value of 30 each and after proceeding as in the third numbering you add 600 instead of 200. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This system can be carried as high as you want to go, but you must re\-member that for figures ending in 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 proceed as in the second numbering. For figures ending in 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 the third numbering ap\-plies. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Determine the value of the upper fingers whether they represent tens, twenties, thirties, forties, or what. For example, any two figures between 45 and 55, the value of the upper fingers would be 50, which is the half-way point between the two fives. In 82
 times 84 the value of the upper fingers would be 80 (the half-way point be\-tween the two fives, 75 and 85, being 80). And the lump sum to add. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Just three things to remember: }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Which numbering is to follow, whether the one described in second or third numbering; the value which the upper  fingers have; and, lastly, the lump sum to add, and you will be able to multi\-ply faster and more accurately than you ever dreamed of before. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Optical Illusions [183] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a person observes fixedly for some time two balls hanging on the end of cords which are in rapid revolution, not rotation, about a vertical axis, the direc\-tion of revolution will seem to reverse. In some experiments two incandescent "pills" of platinum
 sponge, such as an used for lighting gas-burners, were hung in tiny aluminum bells from a mica vane wheel which was turned con\-stantly and rapidly in one direction by hot air from a gas flame to keep the platinum in a glow. The inversion and reversion did
 not take place, as one might suppose, at the will of the ob\-server, but was compulsory and fol\-lowed regular rules. If the observer watches the rotating objects from the side, or from above or from below, the inversion takes place against his will; the co
ndition being that the image on the retina shall be eccentric. It takes place also, however, with a change in the convergence of the optical axes, whether they are parallel to each other or more convergent. Also when the image on the retina is made less di
stinct by the use of a convex or concave lens, the revolution seems to reverse; further, in the case of a nearsighted person, when he removes his spectacles, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6893\absh-3254\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert60897\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m78894f5d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex111 Illusions Shown }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20by {\charscalex111 Revolving Platinum Sponge "Pills" and Hat Pins }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  inversion results every time that the image on the retina is not sharp. But even a change in the degree of indistinctness causes inversion. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cause of this optical illusion is the same where the wings of windmills are observed in the twilight as a sil\-houette. It is then not a question of which is the front or the back of the wheel, but whether one of the wings or the other comes towards the
 observer. The experiment is made more simple by taking a hat pin with a conspicuous head, holding it firmly in a horizontal position, and putting a cork on the point. Looking at it in semi-darkness, one seems to see sometimes the head of the pin, sometime
s the point towards him, when he knows which direction is right. The inversion will be continued as soon as one observes fixedly a point at the side. Here it is a question of the perception of depth or distance; and this is the same in the case of the rota
t\-ing balls; the direction of seeming revo\-lution depends on which one of them one considers to be the front one and which the rear one. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 From the foregoing the following conclusion may be reached: When, in the case of a perception remitting two appearances, one fixedly observes one of these and then permits or causes change in the sharpness of the image on the retina, the other appearance a
sserts itself. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Steam Engine Made from Gas Pipe and Fittings [184] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Almost all the material used in the construction' of the parts for the small steam engine illustrated herewith was made from gas pipe and fittings. The cylinder consists of a 3-in. tee, the third opening being threaded and filled with a cast-iron plug turn
ed to such a depth that when the interior was bored out on a lathe the bottom of the plug bored to the same radius as the other part of the tee. The outside end of the plug extended about 1/4-in. and the sur\-face was made smooth for the valve seat. A flat 
slide valve was used. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The ports were not easy to make, as }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3322\absh-5155\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51233\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5b04e8e9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Engine Is About 20 Inches High }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 they had to be drilled and chipped out. The steam chest is round, as it had to be made to fit the round tee connection. The crosshead runs in guides made from a piece of gas pipe with the sides cut out and threads cut on both ends. One end is screwed into 
a rim turned on the cylinder head and the other is fitted into an oblong plate. Both ends of this plate were drilled and tapped to receive 1-1/2-in. pipe. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The main frame consists of one 1-1/2\-in. pipe 10 in. long and one made up from two pieces of pipe and a cross to make the whole length 10 in. These pipes were then screwed into pipe flanges that served as a base. The open part of the cross was babbitted to
 receive the main shaft. The end of the shaft has a pillow block to take a part of the strain from the main bearing. The eccentric is constructed of washers. While this engine does not give much power, it is easily built, inexpensive, and anyone with a lit
tle mechanical ability can make one by closely follow\-ing out the construction as shown in the illustration. --Contributed by W. H. Kutscher, Springfield, Ill. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Copper Bowl [185] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 To make a copper bowl, such as is shown in the illustration, secure a piece of No. 21 gauge sheet copper of a size sufficient to make a circular disk 6-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex71  }{\charscalex108 in. in diameter. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Cut the copper to the circular form and size just mentioned, and file the edge so that it will be smooth and free from sharp places. With a pencil com\-pass put on a series of concentric rings about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex71  }{\charscalex108 in. apart. These are to aid the eye in beating the bow
l to form. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The tools are simple and can be made easily. First make a round-nosed mal\-let of some hard wood, which should have a diameter of about 1-1/4 in, across the head. If nothing better is at hand, saw off a section of a broom handle, round one end and insert a 
handle into a hole bored in its middle. Next take a block of wood, about 3 by 3 by 6 in., and make in one end a hollow, about 2 in. across and 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex71  }{\charscalex108 in. deep. Fasten the block solidly, as in a vise, and while holding the copper on the hollowed end of the blo
ck, beat with the mallet along the concentric rings. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Begin at the center and work along the rings--giving the copper a circular movement as the beating proceeds\---out toward the rim. Continue the circular movement and work from the rim back toward the center. This operation is to be continued until the bowl 
has the shape desired, when the bottom is flattened by placing the bowl, bottom side up, on a flat surface and beating the raised part flat. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Beating copper tends to harden it and, if continued too long without proper treatment, will cause the metal to break. To overcome this hardness, heat the copper over a bed of coals or a Bunsen burner to a good heat. This process is called annealing, as it 
softens the metal. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The appearance of a bowl is greatly enhanced by the addition of a border. In the illustration the border design shown was laid out in pencil, a small hole was drilled with a band drill in each space and a small-bladed metal saw inserted and the part sawed 
out. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To produce color effects on copper, cover the copper with turpentine and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3302\absh-6130\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35233\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4ba255f8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shaping the Bowl and Sawing the Lace }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 hold over a Bunsen burner until all parts are well heated. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cleaning Furniture [185] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After cleaning furniture, the greasy appearance may be removed by adding some good, sharp vinegar to the furni\-ture polish. Vinegar, which is noth\-ing else than diluted acetic acid, is one of the best cleansers of dirty furniture. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Melting Lead in Tissue Paper [185] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Take a buckshot, wrap it tightly in one thickness of tissue paper, and, hold\-ing the ends of the paper in the fingers of each hand, place the part that holds the shot over the flame of a match just far enough away from the flame not to burn the paper. In a
 few seconds un}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 fold the paper and you will find that the shot has melted without even scorching the paper. --Contributed by W. O. Hay, Camden, S. C. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Principles of the Stereograph [185]}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Each of our eyes sees a different picture of any object; the one sees a trifle more to the right-hand side, the other to the left, especially when the object is near to the observer. The stereoscope is the instrument which effects this result by bringing t
he two pictures together in the senses. The stereograph produces this result in another way than by prisms as in the stereoscope. In the first place there is }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3374\absh-2774\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert60417\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7bbf516b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Looking Through the Colored Gelatine }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 only one picture, not two mounted side by side. The stereograph consists of a piece of card, having therein two cir\-cular openings about 1-1/4 in. diameter, at a distance apart corresponding to the distance between the centers of the pupils. The openings a
re covered with transparent gelatine, the one for the left eye being blue, that for the right, orange. The picture is viewed at a distance of about 7 in. from the stereo\-graph. As a result of looking at it through the stereograph, one sees a colorless blac
k and white picture which stands out from the background. Try looking at the front cover of Popular Mechanics through these colored gela\-tine openings and the effect will be produced. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If one looks at the picture first with the right eye alone through the orange }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 glass, and then with the left eye through the blue glass, one will under\-stand the principle on which the little instrument works. Looking through the blue glass with the left eye, one sees only those portions which are red on the picture. But they seem bl
ack. The reason is that the red rays are ab\-sorbed by the blue filter. Through the orange gelatine all the white portions of the picture seem orange, because of the rays coming from them, and which contain all the colors of the spectrum; only the orange ra
ys may pass through. The red portions of the picture are not seen, because, although they pass through the screen, they are not seen against the red ground of the picture. It is just as though they were not there. The left eye therefore sees a black pictur
e on a red background. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the same way the right eye sees through the orange screen only a black picture on a red background; this black image consisting only of the blue por\-tions of the picture. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Any other part of complementary colors than blue and orange, as for in\-stance red and green, would serve the same purpose. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The principle on which the stereo\-graph works may be demonstrated by a very simple experiment. On white paper one makes a picture or mark with a red pencil. Looking at this through a green glass it appears black on a green ground; looking at it through a r
ed glass of exactly the same color as the picture, it, however, disap\-pears fully. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Through the glass one will see only a regular surface of the color of the glass itself, and without any picture. Through a red glass a green picture will appear black. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 So with the stereograph; each eye sees a black picture representing one of the pictures given by the stereoscope; the only difference being that in the case of the stereograph the background for each eye is colored; while both eyes together see a white bac
kground. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the pictures the red and the green lines and dots must not coincide; neither can they be very far apart in order to produce the desired result. In order that the picture shall be "plastic," which increases the sense of depth and shows the effect of dist
ance in the picture, they must be a very trifle apart. The arrangement of the two pictures can be so that one sees the pictures either in front of or on the back of the card on which they are printed. In order to make them appear before the card, the left 
eye sees through a blue screen, but the red picture which is seen by it is a black one, and lies to the right on the picture; and the right eye sees the left\-hand picture. The further apart the pictures are, the further from the card will the composite ima
ge appear. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the manufacture of a stereoscope the difficulty is in the proper arrange\-ment of the prisms; with the stereo\-graph, in the proper choice of colors. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Mercury Make-and-Break Connec\-tions for Induction Coils [187] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Induction coils operating on low voltage have a make-and-break connec\-tion called the "buzzer" to increase the secondary discharge. Two types of make-and-break connection are used, the common "buzzer" operated by the magnetism of the core in the coil and t
he mercury break operated by a small motor. The sketch herewith shows how to make the motor-operated break. Two blocks of wood are nailed together in the shape of an L and a small motor fastened to the top of the vertical piece. The shaft of the motor is b
ent about 18 in. in the shape of a crank, so that in turning it will describe a circle 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex68  }{\charscalex105 in. in diameter. A small connecting bar is cut from a piece of brass 1/8 in. thick, 1/4}{\charscalex68  }{\charscalex105 in. wide and 1 in. long and a hole drilled in each end; one hole to fit the m
otor shaft and the other to slip on a No. 12 gauge wire. Two L-shaped pieces of brass are fastened to the side of the block and drilled with holes of such a size that a No.}{\i  }{\charscalex105 12 gauge wire will slip through snugly. Place a NO.12 gauge wire in these holes and
 bend the top end at right angles. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\fs20\lang1033\i 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3408\absh-4733\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert23585\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m63809fb6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Motor-Driven Make-and-Break }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Put the connecting brass bar on the motor shaft with washers fitted tight on each side and slip the other end over the bent end of the wire. Have the wire plenty long so it can be cut to the proper length when the parts are all in place. A small round bott
le about 1/2 in. in diameter is now fitted in a hole that has been previously bored into the middle of the bottom block and close up to the vertical piece. This should only be bored about half way through the block. The wire is now cut so at the length of 
the stroke the end will come to about one-half the depth, or the middle of the bottle. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fill the bottle with mercury to a point so that when the motor is run\-ning, the end of the wire will be in the mercury for about one-half of the stroke. Cover the mercury over with a little alcohol. A No. 14 gauge iron wire is bent and put into the side of
 the bottle with the end extending to the bottom. The other end of this wire is attached to one binding-post placed at the end of the bottom block. The other binding-post is connected to a small brass brush attached to the side of  the vertical piece, whic
h is placed with some pressure on the moving wire. The motor can be run with a current from a separate course or connected as shown on the same batteries with the coil. The proper height of the mercury can be regulated for best results. The motor must run 
continuous if the coil is used for writing code signals, wireless, etc.\- --Contributed by Haraden Pratt, San Francisco, Cal. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Barometer [188] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Atmospheric pressure is measured by the barometer. The weight of the air in round numbers is 15 lb. to the square inch and will support a column of water 1 in. square, 34 ft. high, or a column of mercury (density 13.6) 1 in. square, 30 in. high. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The parts neces\-sary to make a simple barometer are, a glass tube 1/8 in. in\-ternal diameter and about 34 in. long, a bottle 1 in. inside di\-ameter and 2 in. high. Seal one end of the tube by hold\-ing it in the flame of a gas burner, which will soon soften
 the glass so it can be pinched together with pliers. Put a little paraffin in the bottle and melt it by holding the bottle over a small flame. When cool the paraffin should cover the bottom about 1/16 in. thick. The tube is now to be filled with mercury. 
This may be accomplished with a paper funnel, but before attempting to put in the mer\-cury, place a large dish or tray be\-neath the tube to catch any mercury that may accidentally be spilled. Only redistilled mercury should be used, and the tube should be 
perfectly clean be\-fore filling. When the tube is filled to }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1243\absh-4483\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert60481\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3c6479c4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 within 1 in. of the open end place the forefinger over the hole and tilt the tube up and down so all the air will gather at the finger end. The filling is continued until the tube is full of mercury. The glass bottle containing the wax covered bottom is no
w placed over the end of the tube and pressed firmly to insure an airtight fit with the tube. The bottle and tube are in\-verted and after a few ounces of mer\-cury are put in the bottle the tube may be raised out of the wax, but be care\-ful not to bring its
 edge above the sur\-face of the mercury. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The instrument is put aside while the base is being made, or, if you choose, have the base ready to receive the parts just described when they are completed. Cut a base from a piece of 7/8-in. pine 3 in. wide and 40 in. long. In this base cut a groove to f
it the tube and the space to be occupied by the bottle is hollowed out with a chisel to a depth of 3/4 in., so the bottle rests on one-half of its diameter above the surface of the board and one-half below. The instru\-ment is made secure to the base with b
rass strips tacked on as shown in the sketch. After the instrument is in place put enough mercury in the bottle so the depth of the mercury above the bottom end of the tube will be about 1/2 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The scale is made on a piece or card\-board 2 in. wide and 4 in. long. The 4 in. are marked off and divided into sixteenths, and the inches numbered 27 up to 31. The scale is fastened to the base with glue or tacks and in the posi\-tion behind the tube as sh
own in the sketch. Before fastening the scale, the instrument should be compared with a standard barometer and the scale ad\-justed so both readings are the same. But if a standard barometer is not available, the instrument, if accurately constructed, will 
calibrate itself.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 In general, a drop in the mercury indicates a storm and bad weather, while a rise indicates fair weather and in winter a frost. Sudden changes in the barometer are followed by like changes in weather. The slow rise of }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20the mercury predicts fair weather, and
 a slow fall, the contrary. During the frosty days the drop of the mercury is followed by a thaw and a rise indicates snow. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex183{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Post or Swinging Light [189]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove the bottom from a round bottle of sufficient size to admit a wax or tallow candle. This can be done with a glass cut\-ter or a hot ring; the size of the outside of the bottle, which is slipped quickly over the end. Procure a metal can cover, a cover 
from a baking powder can will do, a lid fit it on the end where the bottom was removed. The cover is punched full of holes to admit the air and a cross cut in the center with the four wings thus made by the cutting turned up to form a place to insert the c
andle. The metal cover is fastened to the bottle with wires as shown in the sketch. This light can be used on a post or hung from a metal support. }
\par 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1978\absh-4886\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59041\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m772f608f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Checker Puzzle [189] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Cut a block from a board about 3 in. wide and {\charscalex108 10 }in. long. Sandpaper all the surfaces and round the edges slight\-ly. Mark out seven 1-in. squares on the surface to be used for the top and color the squares alternately white and black. Make six men by sawin
g a cur\-tain roller into pieces about 3/8 in. thick. Number the pieces 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7, and place them as shown in Fig. {\charscalex111 1. }The puzzle is to make the first three change places with the last three and }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-4709\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6635a1b6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Position of the Men }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 move only one at a time. This may be done as follows: }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 1-Move No. 3 to the center. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 2-Jump No. 5 over No. 3. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 3-Move No. 6 to No. 5's place. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 4-Jump No, 3 over No. 6. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 5-Jump No. 2 over No. 5. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 6-Move No. 1 to No. 2's place. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 7-Jump No. 5 over No. 1. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 8-Jump No. 6 over No. 2. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 9-Jump No. 7 over No. 3. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 10-Move No. 3 into No. 7's place. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move ll-Jump No. 2 over No. 7. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 12-Jump No, l over No. 6. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 13-Move No. 6 into No. 2's place. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 14-Jump No. 7 over No. 1. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Move 15-Move No. 1 into No, 5's place. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 After the 15 moves are made the men will have changed places. This can be done on a checker board, as shown in Fig. 2, using checkers for men, but be sure you so situate the men that they will occupy a row con\-taining only 7 spaces.-Contributed by W. L. Wo
olson, Cape May Point, N.J.{\charscalex135  }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Gold Railroad Signals [189]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Covering railroad signals with gold leaf has taken the place of painting on some roads. Gold leaf will stand the wear of the weather for {\charscalex108 15 }or 20 years, while paint requires recovering three or four times a year. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Bell Tent [190] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A bell tent is easily made and is nice for lawns, as well as for a boy's camp\-ing outfit. The illustrations show a plan of a tent 14-ft. in diameter. To make such a tent, procure unbleached tent duck, which is the very best ma\-terial for the purpose, says 
the Cleve\-land Plain Dealer. Make 22 sections, shaped like Fig. 3, each 10 ft. 6 in. long and 2 ft. 2 in. wide at the bottom, taper\-ing in a straight line to a point at the top. These dimensions allow for the laid or lapped seams, which should be }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7546\absh-3418\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62273\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_78d51ac7.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An Inexpensive Home-Made Tent}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 double-stitched on a machine. The last seam sew only for a distance of 4 ft. from the top, leaving the rest for an opening. At the end of this seam stitch on an extra gusset piece so that it will not rip. Fold back the edges of the opening and the bottom e
dge of the bell-shaped cover and bind it with wide webbing, 3 in. across and having eye\-lets at the seams for attaching the stay ropes. Near the apex of the cover cut three triangular holes 8 in. long and 4 in. wide at the bottom and hem the edges. These a
re ventilators. Make the tent wall of the same kind of cloth 2 ft. 2 in. high. Bind it at the upper edge with webbing and at the bottom with canvas. Also stitch on coarse canvas 6 in. wide at the bottom, and the space between the ground and the wall when t
he tent is raised, fill with canvas edging. Stitch the upper edge of the wall firmly to the bell cover at the point indicated by the dotted line, Fig. 2. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For the top of the tent have the blacksmith make a hoop of 1/4-in. round galvanized iron, 6-in. diameter. Stitch the canvas at the apex around the hoop and along the sides. Make the apex into a hood and line it with stiff canvas. Have the tent pole 3 in. i
n diameter, made in two sections, with a socket joint and rounded at the top to fit into the apex of the tent. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In raising the tent, fasten down the wall by means of loops of stout line fastened to its lower edge and small pegs driven through them into the ground, Fig. 5. Run the stay ropes from the eyelets in the circular cover to stakes (Fig. 5) stuck in the groun
d. Use blocks, as in Fig. 6, on the stay ropes for holding the ends and adjust\-ing the length of the ropes. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Simple X-Ray Experiment [190] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The outlines of the bones of the hand may be seen by holding a piece of rice paper before the eyes and placing the spare hand about 12 in. back of the rice paper and before a bright light. The bony structure will be clearly dis\-tinguishable. --Contributed 
by G.J. Tress, Emsworth, Pa. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Candle Shade [191] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Layout the pattern for the shade on a thin piece of paper, 9 by 12 in., mak\-ing the arcs of the circle with a pencil compass. As shown in the sketch, the pattern for this particular shade covers a half circle with 2-3/4 in. added. Allow\-ance must be made f
or the lap and as 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex78  }{\charscalex107 in. will do, a line is drawn parallel 1/4}{\charscalex78  }{\charscalex107 in. from the one drawn through the center to the outside circle that ter\-minates the design. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Nail a thin sheet of brass, about 9 in. wide by 12 in. long, to a smooth board of soft wood, then trace the de\-sign on the brass by laying a piece of carbon paper between the pattern and the brass. After transferring the de\-sign to the brass, use a small a
wl to punch the holes in the brass along the outlines of the figures traced. Punch holes in the brass in the spaces around the outlined figures, excepting the 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex78 -}{\charscalex107 in. around the outside of the pattern. When all the holes are punched, re\-move the brass shee
t from the board and cut it along the outer lines as traced from the pattern, then bend the brass carefully so as not to crease the figures appearing in relief. When the edges are brought together by bending, fasten them with brass-headed nails or brads. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a wood-turning lathe is at hand, the shade can be made better by turn\-ing a cone from soft wood that will fit the sheet-brass shade after it is shaped and the edges fastened together. The pattern is traced as before, but before punching the holes, cut o
ut the brass on the outside lines, bend into shape, fasten the ends together and place on the wood cone. The holes are now punched on the outlines traced from the pattern and the open spaces made full of holes. The holes being punched after the shade is sh
aped, the metal will stay and hold the perfect shape of a cone much better. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The glass-beaded fringe is attached on the inside of the bottom part with small brass rivets or brads placed about 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex107 in. apart. The thin sheet brass may be procured from the local hardware }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-7157\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59137\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7916eee5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Punching the Holes }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115\tx1157\tx4003{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Completed Shade                     Pattern}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 dealer and sometimes can be purchased from general merchandise stores.\- --Contributed by Miss Kathryn E. Corr, Chicago. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex114 A Putty }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex107 Grinder [191]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Having a large number of windows to putty each week, I found it quite a task to prepare the putty. I facili\-tated the work by using an ordinary meat cutter or sausage grinder. The grinder will soften set putty and will quickly prepare cold putty. It will n
ot, however, grind old putty or make putty from whiting and oil.  --Contrib\-uted by H. G. Stevens; Dunham, Que. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Small Churn [192] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many people living in a small town or in the suburbs of a city own one }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3322\absh-2774\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert60417\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_49bb660b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Making Butter }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 cow}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109  that supplies the family table with milk and cream. Sometimes the cream will accumulate, but not in sufficient quantities to be made into butter in a }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 large churn. A fruit jar usually takes the place of a churn and the work is exceedingly hard, the jar being shaken so the cream will beat against the ends in the process of butter-making. The accompanying sketch shows clearly how one boy rigged up a device
 having a driving wheel which is turned with a crank, and a driven wheel attached to an axle having a crank on the inner end. This crank is connected to a swinging cradle with a wire pitman of such a size as to slightly bend or spring at each end of the st
roke. The cradle is made with a cleat fastened to each end, between which is placed the fruit jar, partially filled with cream. The jar is wedged in between the cleats and the churning effected by turning the crank. --Contributed by Geo. E. Badger, Mayger,
 Oregon. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Round Swing [192]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Gas pipe and fittings were used wherever possible in the making of the swing as shown in the photograph. The d i a g ram drawing shows the construction. A 6-in. square cedar post is set in the ground about 3 ft., allowing }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs202 {\charscalex109 ft. to remain above the ground a
nd a 7/8-in. piece of shafting is driven into the top part of this post for an axle. A cast-iron ring, or, better still, a heavy wheel with four spokes of such a size as to be drilled and tapped for 1/2-in. pipe is used for the hub, or center on which the 
frame swings. If a wheel is selected, the rim must be removed and only the spokes and hub used. The hole in the hub must be 7/8 in. or less, so the hub can be fitted to the shafting that is driven in the post. A large washer is placed on top of the post an
d the hub or cast-iron ring set on the washer. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The drilled and tapped holes in the four spokes are each fitted with a 4-1/2 length of 1/2-in. pipe. These pipes are }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4704\absh-3912\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert30113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1c86aae4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Merry-Go-Round Complete }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 each fitted with a tee on the end and into this tee uprights of 1/2-in. pipe in suitable lengths are screwed, and also  short lengths with a tee and axle for the 6-in. wheel are fitted in the under side of the tee. The uprights at their upper ends are also
 fitted with tees and each joined to the center pipe with 1/2-in. pipe flattened on the inner end and fastened with bolts to a flange. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The bottom part of the cloth cover}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 ing is held in place by a 1/2-in. pipe, bent to the desired circle. Four braces made from 1/2-in. pipe connect each spoke and seat to the flange on the center pipe. An extra wheel 18 in. in diameter is fitted in between tw
o seats and used as the propelling wheel. This wheel has bicycle cranks and pedals and carries a seat or a hobby horse. The four seats are fastened to the four pipes with 1/2-in. pipe clamps. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4781\absh-3682\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert58849\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1584d2ef.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Swing }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Small miniature electric lights are fastened to the overhead braces and sup\-plied with electric current carried through wires to the swing by an ingenious device attached to the un\-der side of the cast-iron ring or hub of the wheel. A ring of fiber on whic
h two brass rings are at\-tached is fastened to the hub and connections are made to the two rings through two brushes fastened to the post with a bracket. The wires run under the sur\-face of the ground outside and con\-nected to the source of electricity. Th
e wires from the brass rings run through the center pipe to the top and are con\-nected to the lamp sockets. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Old-Time Magic-Part V [193] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Disappearing Coin [193]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 This is an uncommon trick, entirely home-made and yet the results are as startling as in many of the professional tricks. A small baking-powder can is employed to vanish the coin, which should be marked by one of the audi\-ence for identification. Cut a slo
t in the bottom on the side of the can, as shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 1. }{\charscalex107 This slot should be just large enough for the coin that is used to pass through freely, and to have its lower edge on a level with the bottom of the can. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The nest or series of boxes in which the coin is afterwards found should consist of four small sized flat paste\-board boxes square or rectangular shaped and furnished with hinged cov\-ers. The smallest need be no larger than necessary to hold the coin and e
ach succeeding box should be just large enough to hold the next smaller one which in turn contains the others. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A strip of tin about 1 by 1-3/4 in. is bent in the shape as shown in Fig. 2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex107 to serve as a guide for the coin through the various boxes. This guide is in\-serted about 1/8}{\charscalex65  }{\charscalex107 in. in the smallest box between the cover and the box and three rubber bands wrapped a
round the box as indicated. This box is then en\-closed in the next larger box, the guide being allowed to project between the box and the cover, and the necessary tension is secured by three rubber bands around the box as before. In like manner the remaini
ng boxes are }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-2352\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert58881\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_90df958.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Appliances for the Disappearing Coin }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 adjusted so that finally the prepared nest of boxes appears as in Fig. 3. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The coin can easily be passed into the inner box through the tin guide, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 then the guide can be withdrawn which permits the respective boxes to close and the rubber bands hold each one in a closed position. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The performer comes forward with the tin can in his right hand, the bot\-tom of the can in his palm with the slot at the right side. He removes the cover with the left hand and passes his wand around the inner part of the can which is then turned upside dow
n to prove that it contains nothing. The marked coin is dropped into the can by some one in the audience. The cover is replaced and the can shaken so the coin will rattle within. The shaking of the can is continued until the coin has slipped through the sl
ot into his palm. The can is then placed on the table with his left hand. Then apparently he looks for something to cover the can. This is found to be a handker\-chief which was previously prepared on another table concealing the nest of boxes. The coin in 
the right hand is quickly slipped into the guide of the nest of boxes, which was placed in an upright position, and the guide with\-drawn, and dropped on the table. The performer, while doing this, is explain\-ing that he is looking for a suitable cover for 
the can, but as he cannot find one he takes the handkerchief instead. The handkerchief is spread over the can and then he brings the nest of boxes. He explains how he will trans\-fer the coin and passes his wand from the can to the boxes. The can is then sh
own to be empty and the boxes given to one in the audience to be opened. They will be greatly surprised to find the marked coin within the innermost box. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Keep Film Negatives [194] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There are many devices for taking care of film negatives to keep them from curling and in a place easily ac\-cessible. Herewith is illustrated a method by which anyone can make a place for the negatives produced by his or her special film camera. The de\-vic
e is made up similar to a post card album with places cut through each leaf to admit each corner of the }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 negatives. The leaves are made from white paper and when the negatives are in place the pictures made on them can }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3264\absh-1574\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m661e3a2d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Negatives on White Paper Background }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 easily be seen through to the white paper background. These leaves can be made up in regular book form, or tied together similar to a loose-leaf book, thus adding only such pages as the negatives on hand will require.\- --Contributed by H. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20D. {\charscalex108 Harkins, St. L
ouis, Mo. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Match Safe [194] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3384\absh-3259\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert58657\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3f31e93d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Details }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 of }{\charscalex105 the Match Safe }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Cut a piece of tin in the shape and with the dimensions shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex120 1. }{\charscalex108 Bend the saw-toothed edges at right angles to the piece on the dotted lines. Bend the part that is marked  5-1/2}{\charscalex78  }{\charscalex108 in. in a half circle. Make a circle 3-1/2}{\i  }{\charscalex108 in. in diameter on another p
iece of tin, cut  out the circle and cut the disk in two as shown in Fig. 2. These half circle pieces are soldered to the sides of the teeth of the half circle made in the long piece of tin. Remove one end from the inside box containing matches and slip th
e back of the match safe through between the bottom of the in\-side box and the open end box that }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 forms the cover. The matches will fall into the half circle tray at the lower end of the box which will be kept full of matches until they are all used from the box. --Contributed by C. F. White, Denver, Colo. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Electric Post Card Projector [195]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A post card projector is an instru\-ment for projecting on a screen in a darkened room picture post cards or any other pictures of a similar size. The lantern differs from the ordinary magic lantern in two features; first, it requires no expensive condensin
g lens, and second, the objects to be projected have no need of being transparent. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two electric globes are made to cast the strongest possible light on the pic\-ture card set between them and in front of which a lens is placed to pro\-ject the view on the screen, the whole being enclosed in a light-tight box. The box can be made of selecte
d oak or mahogany. The lens to be used as a projector will determine the size of the box to some extent. The measure\-ments given in these instructions are for a lens of about 5 in. focal length. The box should be constructed of well\- seasoned wood and all 
joints made with care so they will be light-tight. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The portion shown carrying the lens in Fig. 1 is made to slide in the main body of the lantern for focusing. A box should first be made 5-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex108 in. wide, 5-1/2}{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex108 in. high and 11}{\charscalex112  }{\charscalex108 in. long. A hole is cut in the back of the box }4 {\charscalex108 by 6 in. represented by the dotte
d line in Fig. 2. This will be 3/4} {\charscalex108 in. from the top and bottom and 2-1/2}{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex108 in. from each end of the outside of the box. Two strips of wood 1/2}{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex108 in. wide and 6-1/2}{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex108 in. long are fastened along the top and bottom of the back. The door covering this hole in the b
ack, and, which is also used as a carrier for the post cards, is made from a board 4-1/2}{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex108 in. wide and 6-1/2}{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex108 in. long. The door is hinged to the lower strip and held in position by a turn button on the upper strip. The slides for the picture cards are made 
from strips of tin bent as shown, and tacked to the inside sur\-face of the door. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The runners to hold the part carry\-ing the lens are two pieces 2-1/4 in. wide by 5 in. long and should be placed  vertically, AA, as shown in Fig. 1, 3-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex108 in. from each end. An open space 4 in. wide and 5 in. high in the center is for the part carrying th
e lens to slide for focusing. The part carrying the lens is a shallow box 4 by 5 in. and 2 in. deep in the center of which a hole is cut to admit the lens. If a camera lens is used, the flange should be fastened with screws to the front part of this shallo
w box. The sides of this box should be made quite smooth and a good, but not tight, fit into the runners. Plumbago can be rubbed on to prevent sticking and to dull any rays of light. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3883\absh-4483\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert60481\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4468fd19.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Post Card Lantern }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Two keyless receptacles for electric globes are fastened to the under side of the top in the position shown and con\-nected with wires from the outside. Two or three holes about 1 in. in di\-ameter should be bored in the top be\-tween and in a line with the l
ights. These will provide ventilation to keep the pictures from being scorched or be\-coming buckled from the excessive heat. The holes must be covered over on the top with a piece of metal or wood to prevent the light from show\-ing on the ceiling. This pie
ce should not be more than 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex108 in. high and must }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-2952\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32001\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m31fa7029.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Post Card Lantern Complete }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 be colored dead black inside to cause no reflection. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The reflectors are made of sheet tin or nickel-plated metal bent to a curve as shown, and extending the whole height of the lantern. The length of these reflectors can be determined by the angle of the lens when covering the picture. This is clearly shown 
by the dotted lines in Fig. 1. The reflectors must not interfere with the light be\-tween the picture and the lens, but they must be sufficiently large to pre\-vent any direct light reaching the lens from the lamps. In operation place the post card upside do
wn in the slides and close the door. Sliding the shallow box carrying the lens will focus the picture on the screen. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Handy Calendar [196]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 "Thirty days hath September, April, June and November," etc., and many other rhymes and devices are used to aid the memory to decide how many days are in each month of the year. Herewith is illustrated a very simple method to determine the number of days i
n any month. Place the first finger of your right hand on the first knuckle of your left hand, calling that knuckle January; then drop your finger into the depression between the first and second knuckles, calling this Febru\-ary; then the second knuckle wi
ll be March, and so on, until you reach July on the knuckle of the little finger, then begin over again with August on the first knuckle and con\-tinue until December is reached. Each month as it falls upon a knuckle will have 31 days and those down between
 the knuckles 30 days with the exception of February which has only 28 days. --\-Contributed by Chas. C. Bradley, West Toledo, Ohio. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4666\absh-2045\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59809\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2b4d31a9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Knuckles Designate the 31 Day Months }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Fuming of Oak [196]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Darkened oak always has a better appearance when fumed with ammonia. This process is rather a difficult one, as it requires an airtight case, but the description herewith given may be en\-tered into with as large a case as the builder cares to construct. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Oak articles can be treated in a case made from a tin biscuit box, or any other metal receptacle of good propor\-tions, provided it is airtight. The oak to be fumed is arranged in the box so the fumes will entirely surround the piece; the article may be pro
pped up with small sticks, or suspended by a string. The chief point is to see that no part of the wood is covered up and that all surfaces are exposed to the fumes. A saucer of ammonia is placed in the bottom of the box, the lid or cover closed, and all j
oints sealed up by pasting heavy brown paper over them. Any leakage will be detected if the nose is placed near the tin and farther application of the paper will stop the holes. A hole may be cut in the cover and a piece of glass fitted in, taking care to 
have all the edges closed. The process may be watched through the glass and the article removed when the oak is fumed to the desired shade. Wood stained in this manner should }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 not be French polished or varnished, but waxed.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The process of waxing is simple: Cut some beeswax into fine shreds and place them in a small pot or jar. Pour in a little turpentine, and set aside for half a day, giving it an occasional stir. The wax must be thoroughly dissolved and then more turpentine 
added until the preparation has the consistency of a thick cream. This can be applied to the wood with a rag and afterward brushed up with a stiff brush. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex107\fs20{\b How to Make an Electrolytic Rectifier [197]}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex107\fs20\fs20 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3610\absh-2246\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert58721\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_52f92f88.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electrolytic Rectifier and Connections }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many devices which will change al\-ternating current to a direct current }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 have been put on the market, but prob\-ably there is not one of them which suits the amateur's needs and pocket\-book better than the electrolytic rec\-tifier. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 For the construction of such a rec\-tifier four 2-qt. fruit jars are required. In each place two electrodes, one of lead and one of aluminum. The im\-mersed surface of the aluminum should be about }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 15 }{\charscalex107 sq. in. and the lead 24 sq. in. The immersed surface of th
e lead being greater than that of the alumi\-num, the lead will have to be crimped as shown in Fig, }{\charscalex126 1. }{\charscalex107 In both Fig. }{\charscalex126 1 }{\charscalex107 and }2, {\charscalex107 the lead is indicated by L and the aluminum by A. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The solution with which each jar is to be filled consists of the following: }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Water \tab \tab \tab 2 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex123 qt. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sodium Carbonate \tab 2 tablespoonfuls }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Alum\tab \tab \tab 3 tablespoonfuls }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Care should be taken to leave the connections made as shown in Fig. 2. The alternating current comes in on the wires as shown, and the direct current is taken from the point indicated. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The capacity of this rectifier is from 3 to 5 amperes, which is sufficient for charging small storage batteries, run\-ning small motors and lighting small lamps. --Contributed by }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex91 J. }{\charscalex107 H. Craw\-ford, Schenectady, N. Y. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Rolling Marble [197]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take a marble and place it on a smooth surface, The top of a table will do. Ask someone to cross their first and second fin\-gers and place them on the marble as shown in the illustra\-tion. Then have the person roll the marble about and at the same time clo
se the eyes or look in another direc\-tion. The person will imagine that there are two marbles instead of one. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1901\absh-3710\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert58497\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1c48981a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Gas Cannon [197] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 If you have a small cannon with a bore of 1 or 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex87\i  }{\charscalex107 in., bore out the fuse hole large enough to tap and fit in a small sized spark plug such as used on a gasoline engine. Fill the cannon with gas from a gas jet and then push a }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3749\absh-1382\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19969\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3530d77.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gas Cannon Loaded }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 cork in the bore close up to the spark plug. Connect one of the wires from a battery to a spark coil and then to the spark plug. Attach the other wire to the cannon near the spark plug. Turn the switch to make a spark and a loud report will follow. --Contr
ibuted by Cyril Tegner, Cleveland, O. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Old-Time Magic-Part VI [198]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Handkerchief Mended after Being Cut and Torn}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two persons are requested to come forward from the audience to hold the four corners of a handkerchief. Then beg several other handkerchiefs from the audience and place them on the one held by the two persons. When several handkerchiefs have been accumulat
ed, have some one person draw out one from the bunch and examine for any marks that will determine that this handkerchief is the one to be mended after being mutilated. He, as well as others, are to cut off pieces from this handkerchief and to finally tear
 it to pieces. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The pieces are then all collected and some magic spirits thrown over the torn and cut parts; tie them in a small package with a ribbon and put them under a glass, which you warm with your hands. After a few seconds' time, you remove the glass, as you have 
held it all the time, and take the handker\-chief and unfold it; everyone will rec\-ognize the mark and be amazed not to find a cut or tear in the texture. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This trick is very simple. You have an understanding with some one in the company, who has two handker\-chiefs exactly alike and has given one of them to a person behind the curtain; he throws the other, at the time of re\-quest for handkerchiefs, on the han
d\-kerchiefs held for use in the perform\-ance of the trick. You manage to keep this handkerchief where it will be picked out in preference to the others, although pretending to thoroughly mix them up. The person selected to pick out a handkerchief naturally
 will take the handiest one. Be sure that this is the right one. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the handkerchief has been torn and folded, put it under the glass, on a table, near a partition or curtain. The table should be made with a hole cut through the top and a small trap door fitted snugly in the hole, so it will appear to be a part of the
 table top. This trap door is hinged on the under side and opens into the drawer of the table and can be operated by the person behind the curtain who will remove the torn handkerchief and replace it with the good one and then close the trap door by reachi
ng through the drawer of the table. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Magic Knot [198]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This is a very amusing trick which consists of tying one knot with two ends of a handkerchief, and pulling the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-2750\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32449\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4b2bd361.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tying and Untying a Knot }
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ends only to untie them again. Take the two diagonal corners of a handker\-chief, one in each hand and throw the main part of the handkerchief over the wrist of the left hand and tie the knot as shown in the illustration. Pull the ends quickly, allowing the
 loop over the left hand to slip freely, and you will have the handkerchief without any knot. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Good Mouse Trap [198] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 When opening a tomato or other small can, cut the cover crossways from side to side making four trian\-gular pieces in the top. Bend the four ends outward and remove the contents, wash clean and dry and then bend the four ends inward, leaving a hole about 3
/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex108 in. in diameter in the center. Drop in a piece of bread and lay the can down upon its side and the trap is ready for use. The mouse can get in but he cannot get out.--Contributed by E. J.}{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex108 Crocker, Victor, Colo. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Finishing Aluminum [198]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rubbing the surface of an aluminum plate with a steel brush will produce a satin finish. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Sailing Canoe [199] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A canvas canoe is easily made and light to handle, but in making one, it must be remembered that the cloth will tear, if any snags are encountered. Therefore such a craft cannot be used in all waters, but by being careful at shores, it can be used as safel
y as an ordinary sailing canoe. Be sure to select the best materials and when complete cover the seams well with paint. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6950\absh-5448\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert31649\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_ebb9220.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Completed Sailing Canoe }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The materials necessary for the con\-struction of a sailing canoe, as illus\-trated in the engraving, are as follows: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 keelson, 1 in. by 8 in. by 15 ft., selected pine. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 14 rib bands, 1 in. square by 16 ft., clear pine. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2 gunwales, 1 in. by 2 in. by 16 ft. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex116 1 piece for forms and bow pieces, 1 in. by 12 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex123 in. by 10 }ft. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4 outwales, 1/4 in. by 2 in. by 16 ft. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex116 1 piece, 3 in. wide and 12 ft. long, for cockpit }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 frame. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex116 1 piece, 2 in. wide and 12 ft. long, for center deck }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 braces.{\b  }}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 11 yd. of 1-1/2-yd. wide 12-oz. ducking. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 8 yd. of 1-yd. wide unbleached muslin. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 50 ft. of rope. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 mast, 9 ft. long. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paint, screws and cleats. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The keelson, Fig. 1, is 14 ft. long, 8 in. wide in the center and tapered down from a point 4 ft. from each end to 1 in. at the ends. Both ends are mor\-tised, one 6 in. for the stern piece, and the other 12 in. for the bow. Be sure to get the bow and stern
 pieces directly in the middle of the keelson and at right angles with the top edge. The stern and bow pieces are cut as shown in Fig. 2 and braced with an iron band, 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex71\i  }{\charscalex108 in. thick and 3/4 in. wide, drilled and fastened with screws. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Study the sketches showing the de\-tails well before starting to cut out the pieces. Then there will be no trouble experienced later in putting the parts together. See that all the pieces fit their places as the work proceeds and apply the canvas with care.
 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Two forms are made as shown in Figs. 3 and 4; the smaller is placed 3 ft. from the bow and the large one, 7 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20ft. {\charscalex109 3 in. from the stern. The larger mould is used temporarily while mak\-ing the boat, and is removed after the ribs are in place. The gunwales are 
now placed over the forms and in the notches shown, and fastened with screws, and, after cutting the ends to fit the bow and stern pieces, they are fastened with bolts put through the three pieces. The sharp edges on one side of each rib-band are removed a
nd seven of them fastened with screws to each side of the moulds, spacing them on the large mould 4 in. apart. The ribs are made of 28 good barrel hoops }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7637\absh-3998\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33057\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m67cb5d6a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of a Home-Made Sailing Canoe }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 which should be well soaked in water for several hours before bending them in shape. These are put in 6 in. apart and are fastened to the rib-bands with 7/8-in. wood screws. The ribs should be put in straight and true to keep them from pulling the rib-band
s out of shape. After the ribs are in place and fastened to the rib-bands, gunwales and keelson, put on the outwale strips and fasten them to the gunwales between every rib with 1-1/2-in. screws. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Before making the deck, a block for the mast to rest in must be made and fastened to the keelson. This block, Fig. 5, is a cube having sides 6 in. square and is kept from splitting by an iron band tightly fitted around the out\-side. The block is fastened t
o the keelson, 3-1/2 ft. from the bow, with bolts through countersunk holes from the under side. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There are three deck braces made as shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. Braces, Figs. 6 and 7, form the ends of the cock\-pit which is 20 in. wide. A 6-in. board is fitted into the mortises shown in these pieces; a center piece is fitted in the other mortises. The o
ther deck braces slope down from the center piece and are placed 6 in. apart. They are 1 in. square and are mortised into the center piece and fastened to the gun\-wales with screws. The main deck }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 braces are fastened to the gunwales with 4-in. corner braces and to the center piece with 2-in. corner braces. The mast hole on the deck is made as follows: Secure a piece of pine 1 in. thick, 6 in. wide and 3 ft. long. Cut this in halves and mortise for t
he cen\-ter piece in the two halves and fasten to the gunwales. A block of pine, 4 in. thick and 12 in. long, is cut to fit under the top boards, Fig. 9, and fastened to them with bolts. With an expansive bit bore a hole 3 in. in diameter through the block.
 Be sure to get the block and hole directly over the block that is fastened to the keelson. Put on a coat of boiled linseed oil all over the frame before proceeding farther. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Putting on the canvas may be a diff}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 icult piece of work to do, yet if the fol\-lowing simple directions are followed out no trouble will be encountered. The 11-yd. length of canvas is cut in the center, doubled, and a seam made joining the two pieces togethe
r. Fill the seam with thick paint and tack it down with copper tacks along the cen\-ter of the keelson. When this is well tacked commence stretching and pull\-ing the canvas in the middle of the gun\-wales so as to make it as even and tight as possible and wo
rk toward each end, tacking the canvas as it is stretched to the outside of the gunwale. Seam the canvas along the stern and bow pieces as was done on the keelson. The deck is not so hard to do, but be careful to get the canvas tight and even. A seam shoul
d be made along the center piece. The trimming is wood, 1/4 in. thick and 1/2 in. wide. A strip of this is nailed along the center piece over the canvas. The outwales are nailed on over the canvas. A piece of oak, 1 in. thick 1-1/2 in. wide and 14 in. long
, is fastened with screws over the canvas on the stern piece; also, a piece 1/4 in. thick, 1 in. wide and 24 in. long is well soaked in water, bent to the right shape and fastened over the can\-vas on the bow. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The rudder is made as shown in Fig. 10 with a movable handle. A strip 1 in. thick by 2 in. wide, is bolted to the keelson over the canvas for the outer keel. The keel, Fig. 11, is 6 in. wide at one end and 12 in. at the other, which is fastened to the oute
r keel with bolts having thumb nuts. The mast can be made of a young spruce tree having a diameter of 3 in. at the base with suffi\-cient height to make it 9 ft. long. The canoe is driven by a lanteen sail and two curtain poles, each 1 in. in diame\-ter and 
10 ft. long, are used for the boom and gaff, which are held together with two pieces of iron bent as shown in Fig. 12. The sail is a triangle, 9-3/4 by 9-3/4 by 8-1/2 ft. which is held to the boom and gaff by cord lacings run through eyelets inserted in th
e muslin. The eyelets are of brass placed 4 in. apart in the muslin. The mast has two side and one front stay, each fitted with a turnbuckle for tightening. A pulley is placed at the top and bottom of the mast for the lift rope. The sail is held to the mas
t by an iron ring and the lift rope at the top of the mast. The boom rope is held in the hand and several cleats should be placed in the cockpit for convenience. A chock is placed at the bow for tying up to piers. Several coats of good paint complete the b
oat. --Contributed by O. E. Tronnes, Wil\-mette, Ill. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Hand Vise [201] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very useful little hand vise can easily be made from a hinge and a bolt carrying a wing nut. Get a fast }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-1709\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59201\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m28711a24.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hand Vise Made from a Hinge }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 joint hinge about 2 in. or more long and a bolt about 1/2 in. long that will fit the holes in the hinge. Put the bolt through the middle hole of the hinge and replace the nut as shown in the drawing. With this device any small object may be firmly held by 
simply placing it between the sides of the hinge and tightening the nut. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Proper Design for a Bird House [201] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 This bird house was designed and built to make a home for the American martin. The house will accommodate 20 families. All the holes are arranged so they will not be }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20o{\charscalex108 pen to the cold winds from the north which often kill the birds which come in the early s
pring. Around each opening is an extra ring of wood to make a longer passage which assists the martin inside in fighting off the Eng}{\charscalex109 lish sparrow who tries to drive him out. The holes are made oval to al\-low all the little ones to get their heads out for fr
esh air. The long overhang\-ing eaves protect the little birds from the hot summer sun. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1862\absh-1901\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert18113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2e9a676a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The rooms are made up with parti\-tions on the inside so each opening will have a room. The inside of the rooms should be stained black. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Boomerangs and How to Make Them [202] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A boomerang is a weapon invented and used by the native Australians, who seemed to have the least intelli\-gence of any race of mankind. The }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3725\absh-4152\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17857\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m55319caa.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Three Boomerangs }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 boomerang is a curved stick of hard\-wood, Fig. 1, about 5/16 in. thick, 2-1/2 in. wide and 2 ft. long, flat on one side, with the ends and the other side round\-ing. One end of the stick is grasped in one hand with the convex edge for\-ward and the flat side
 up and thrown upward. After going some distance and ascending slowly to a great height in the air with a quick rotary motion, it suddenly returns in an elliptical orbit to a spot near the starting point. If thrown down on the ground the boom\-erang rebound
s in a straight line, pur\-suing a ricochet motion until the object is struck at which it was thrown.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two other types of boomerangs are illustrated herewith and they can be made as described. The materials necessary for the T-shaped boomerang are: One piece of hard maple 5/16 in. thick, 2-1/2 in. wide, and 3 ft. long; five 1/2-in. flat-headed screws. Cut t
he piece of hard maple into two pieces, one 11-1/2 in. and the other 18 in. long. The corners are cut from these pieces as shown in Fig. 2, taking care to cut exactly the same amount from each corner. Bevel both sides of the pieces, making the edges very t
hin so they will cut the air better. Find the exact center of the long piece and make a line 1-1/4 in. on each side of the center and fasten the short length between the lines with the screws as shown in Fig. 3. The short piece should be fastened perfectly
 square and at right angles to the long one. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The materials necessary for the cross-shaped boomerang are one piece hard maple 5/16 in. thick, 2 in. wide and 30 in. long and five 1/2-in. flat\- headed screws. Cut the maple- into two 14-in. pieces and plane the edges of these pieces so the ends will be 1
-1/2 in. wide, as shown in Fig. 4. Bevel these pieces the same as the ones for the T-shaped boomerang. The two pieces are fastened together as shown in Fig. 5. All of the boomerangs when completed should be given several coats of linseed oil and thoroughly
 dried. This will keep the wood from absorbing water and becoming heavy. The last two boomerangs are thrown in a similar way to the first one, ex\-cept that one of the pieces is grasped in the hand and the throw given with a quick underhand motion. A little
 practice is all that is necessary for one to become skillful in throwing them. --\-Contributed by O. E. Tronnes, Wil\-mette, Ill. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Water Wings [202] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Purchase a piece of unbleached mus\-lin, 1 yd. square. Take this and fold it over once, forming a double piece 1-1/2 ft. wide and 3 ft. long. Make a double stitch all around the edge, leaving a small opening at one corner. Insert a piece of tape at this cor
ner to be used for tying around the opening when the bag is blown up. The bag is then turned inside out, soaked with water and blown up. An occasional wetting all over will prevent it from leaking. As these wings are very large they will prevent the swimme
r from sinking. --\-Contributed by W. C. Bliss, St. Louis, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20Mo. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Ammeter [203] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The outside case of this instrument is made of wood taken from old cigar boxes with the exception of the back. If carefully and neatly made, the fin\-ished instrument will be very satis\-factory. The measurements here given need not be strictly followed out,
 but can be governed by circumstances. The case should first be made and var\-nished and while this is drying, the mechanical parts can be put together. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7637\absh-3154\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16289\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_27f17863.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of an Ammeter }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The back is a board 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex109 in. thick, 6-1/2 in. wide and 6-3/4 in. long. The outer edges of this board are chamfered. The other parts of the case are made from the cigar box wood which should be well sandpapered to remove the labels. The sides are 3-1/4 in. w
ide and 5 in. long; the top and bottom, 3-1/4 in. wide and 4-1/2 in. long. Glue a three\- cornered piece, A, Fig. 1, at each end on the surface that is to be the in\-side of the top and bottom pieces. After the glue, is set, fasten the sides to the pieces wi
th glue, and take care that the pieces are all square. When the glue is set, this square box is well sandpapered, then centered, and fast\-ened to the back with small screws turned into each three-cornered piece. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The front, which is a piece 5-1/4 in. wide and 6-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex109 in. long, has a circular opening cut near the top through which the graduated scale may be seen. This front is centered and fast\-ened the same as the back, and the four outside edges, as well as the edge
s around the opening, are rounded. The whole case can now be cleaned and stained with a light mahogany stain and varnished. Cut another piece of board, B, Figs. 2 and 3, to just fit in\-side the case and rest on the ends of the three-cornered pieces, A, and
 glue to this board two smaller pieces, C, 3 in. square, with the grain of the wood in alternate directions to prevent warp\-ing. All of these pieces are made of the cigar box wood. Another piece, D, 3/8} {\charscalex109 in. thick and 3 in. square, is placed on the other pi
eces and a U\--shaped opening 1-3/4 in. wide and 2-1/2 in. high sawed out from all of the pieces as shown. The piece D is at\-tached to the pieces C with four 1/2-in. pieces 2-5/8 in. long. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 A magnet is made from a soft piece of iron, E, about 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. thick, 1-1/4 in. wide and 2-3/4 in. long. Solder across each end of the iron a piece of brass wire, F, and make a turn in each end of the wires, forming an eye for a screw. These wires are about 
2-1/2}{\charscalex63\i  }{\charscalex109 in. long. Wind three layers of about No. 14 double cotton-covered copper wire on the soft iron and leave about 5 or 6 in. of each end unwound for connec\-tions. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The pointer is made as shown in Fig. 5 from 1/16-in. brass wire filed to make a point at both ends for a spindle. About 1/2 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex63\i  }{\charscalex109 in. from each end of this wire are soldered two smaller brass wires which in turn are soldered to a strip of light tin 1/4}{\charscalex73\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. wide
 and 2-5/8 in. long. The lower edge of this tin should be about 1/2}{\charscalex63\i  }{\charscalex109 in. from the spindle. The pointer is soldered to the spindle 1/4}{\charscalex73\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. from one end. All of these parts should be brass with the exception of the strip of tin. Another strip of tin, the same
 size as the first, is soldered to two brass wires as shown in Fig. 4. These wires should be about 1 in. long. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The spindle of the pointer swings freely between two bars of brass, G, 1/16 in. thick, 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex73\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. wide and 2-1/2}{\charscalex76\i  }{\charscalex109 in. long. A small hole is countersunk in one of the bars to receive one end of the spindle and a hole 1/8}{\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. in diameter is drilled in the other 
and a thumb nut taken from the binding-post of an old battery soldered over the hole so the screw will pass through when turned into the nut. The end of the screw is countersunk to receive the other end of the spindle. A lock nut is necessary to fasten the
 screw when proper ad\-justment is secured. A hole is drilled in both ends of the bars for screws to fasten them in place. The bar with the adjusting screw is fastened on the back so it can be readily adjusted through the hole H, bored in the back. The poin
ter is bent so it will pass through the U-shaped cut-out and up back of the board B. A brass pin is driven in the board B to hold the pointer from dropping down too far to the left. Place the tin, Fig. 4, so it will just clear the tin, Fig. 5, and fasten i
n place. The magnet is next placed with the ends of the coil to the back and the top just clearing the tin strips. Two binding screws are fitted to the bottom of the back and connected to the extending wires from the coil. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The instrument is now ready for cal\-ibrating. This is done by connecting it in series with another standard am\-meter which has the scale marked in known quantities. In this series is also connected a variable resistance and a battery or some other source o
f current supply. The resistance is now adjusted to show .5 ampere on the standard ammeter and the position of the pointer marked on the scale. Change your resistance to all points and make the numbers until the entire scale is complete. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 When the current flows through the coil, the two tinned strips of metal are magnetized, and being magnetized by the same lines of force they are both of the same polarity. Like poles repel each other, and as the part Fig. 4 is not movable, the part carryin
g the pointer moves away. The stronger the current, the greater the magnetism of the metal strips, and the farther apart they will be forced, showing a greater defection of the pointer. --Contributed by George Heimroth, Richmond Hill, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 L. I. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Equatorial [204] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex112 Condensed from article contributed by }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 J. }{\charscalex112 R. Chapman, F.R.A.S. Austwick Hall. W. Yorkshire. England }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 This star finder can easily be made by anyone who can use a few tools as the parts are all wood and the only lathe work necessary is the turned shoulder on the polar axis and this could be dressed and sandpapered true enough for the purpose. The base is a 
board 5 in. wide and 9 in. long which is fitted with an ordinary wood screw in each corner for leveling. Two side pieces cut with an angle equal to the colatitude of the place are nailed to the base and on top of them is fastened another board on which is 
marked the hour circle as shown. The end of the polar axis B, that has the end turned with a shoulder, is fitted in a hole bored in the center of the hour circle. The polar axis B is secured to the board }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 with a wooden collar and a pin under\-neath. The uppe
r end of the polar axis is fitted with a 1/4-in. board, C, 5-1/2 in. in diameter. A thin compass card divided into degrees is fitted on the edge of this disk for the declination circle. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The hour circle A is half of a sim\-ilar card with the hour marks divided into 20 minutes. An index pointer is fastened to the base of the polar axis. A pointer 12 in. long is fastened with a small bolt to the center of the declin\-ation circle. A}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 small open
ing is made in the pointer into which an ordinary needle is inserted. This needle is ad\-justed to the degree to set the pointer in declination and when set, the pointer is clamped with the bolt at the center. A brass tube having a 1/4-in. hole is fastened 
to the pointer. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The first thing to do is to get a true N and S meridian mark. This can be approximately obtained by a good compass, and allowance made for the magnetic declination at your own place. Secure a slab of stone or some other solid flat surface, level this and h
ave it firmly fixed facing due south with a line drawn through the center and put the equatorial on the surface with XII on the south end of the line. Then set the pointer D to the declin\-ation of the object, say Venus at the date of observation. You now w
ant to know if this planet is east or west of your meridian at the time of observa\-tion. The following formula will show how this may be found. To find a ce\-lestial object by equatorial: Find the planet Venus May }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 21, 1881, }{\charscalex107 at 9 hr. }{\charscalex106 10 }{\charscalex107 min. A. M. Subtract r
ight ascension of planet from the time shown by the clock, thus: }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 hour}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 minute}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 second}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 9 hr. 10 min. shows mean siderial.}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 0}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 0}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Add 12 hrs}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 12}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ---}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ---}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ---}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 13}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Right ascension of Venus }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 10}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ---}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ---}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ---}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Set hour circle to before meridian}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 10}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 50}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 0}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Again------------------}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 At 1 hr. 30 min. mean clock shows}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 20}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 0}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Right ascension of Venus}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 10}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 0}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ---}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ---}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ---}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trleft-113\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl108\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr108\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx4579\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx5474\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx6458\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalt\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Set hour circle to }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 10}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 0}
\cell\row\pard \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Books may be found in libraries that will give the right ascension and declination of most of the heavenly bodies. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The foregoing tables assume that you have a clock rated to siderial time, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3648\absh-4224\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16353\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6e6a23b5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Home-Made Equatorial }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 but this is not absolutely necessary. If you can obtain the planet's declination on the day of observation and ascertain when it is due south, all you have to do is to set the pointer D by the needle point and note whether Venus has passed your meridian or
 not and set your hour index. There will be no dif\-ficulty in picking up Venus even in bright sunlight when the plant is vis\-ible to the naked eye. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Electric Light Turned On and Off from Different Places [205] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 How nice it would be to have an electric light at the turn in a stairway, or at the top that could be turned on before starting up the stair and on reaching the top turned out, and vice }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3881\absh-1791\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39425\flyanchor1\flycntnt}
\par\pard
}{}{\lang1024}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Wiring Diagram }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 versa when coming down. The {\charscalex107 wiring diagram as shown in the illustration will make this a pleasant reality. This wiring may be applied in numerous like instances. The electric globe may be located at any desired place and the two point switches are connecte
d in series with the source of current as shown in the sketch. The light may be turned on or off at either one of the switches. --Contributed by Robert W. Hall, New Haven, Conn. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Bunsen Cell [206] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 This kind of a cell produces a high e.m.f.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex112\f4  }{\charscalex107 owing to the low internal resist\-ance. Procure a glass jar such as used for a gravity battery, or, if one of these cannot be had, get a glazed vessel of similar construction. Take a piece of sheet zinc large enoug
h so that when it is rolled up in the shape of a cylinder it will clear the edge of the jar by about 1/2 in. Solder a wire or binding-post to the edge of the cylinder for a con\-nection. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\fs20{\charscalex107  }}{\fs20\fs20{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3816\absh-2890\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20417\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_246de345.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cross Section and Completed Cell }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a small unglazed vessel to fit inside of the zinc, or such a recep\-tacle as used in a sal ammoniac cell, and fill it with a strong solution of nitric acid. Fill the outer jar with a solution of 16 parts water and 5 parts sulphuric acid. The connecti
ons are made from the zinc and carbon. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi153\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Optical Illusion [206]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi153\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Can you tell which of these three figures is the tallest? Make a guess, and then verify its correctness by measurement. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3629\absh-5443\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15745\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6fc3a70a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b One Way to Cook Fish [206]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 One of the best and easiest ways of cooking fish while out camping is told by a correspondent of Forest and Stream. A fire is built the size for the amount of food to be cooked and the wood allowed to burn down to a glow\-ing mass of coals and ashes. Wash a
nd season your fish well and then wrap them up in clean, fresh grass, leaves or bark. Then, after scraping away the greater part of the coals, put the fish among the ashes, cover up with the same, and heap the glowing coals on top. The fish cooks quickly--
15 or 20 minutes--according to their size. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If you eat fish or game cooked after this fashion you will agree that it can\-not be beaten by any method known to camp culinary savants. Clay also an\-swers the purpose of protecting. the fish or game from the fire if no other material is at hand, and for a
nything that requires more time for cooking it makes the best covering. Wet paper will answer, especially for cooking fish. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Hardening Copper [206]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A successful method of hardening copper is to add 1 lb. of alum and 4 oz. arsenic to every 20 lb. of melted copper and stir for 10 minutes. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Packing Cut from Felt Hats [206] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Felt from an old hat makes good packing for automobile water-circu\-lating pumps. Strips should be cut to fit snugly in the stuffing box. When the follower is screwed down, it will expand the felt and make a water\-tight joint. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Gasoline Engine [206] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The material used in the construc\-tion of the gasoline engine, as shown in the accompanying picture, was pieces found in a scrap pile that usually occupies a fence corner on almost every farm. The cylinder consists of  an old pump cylinder, 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, 
1-3/4 in. inside diameter and about 5 in. long. This was fastened between some wooden blocks which were bolted on the tool carriage of a lathe and then bored out to a diameter of about 2 in. The boring bar, Fig. 1, consisted of an old shaft with a hole bor
ed through the center and a tool inserted and held for each cut by a setscrew. A wood mandrel with a metal shaft to turn in the centers of a lathe was made to fit the bored-out cylinder. The cylinder was then placed on the mandrel, fastened with a }pin{\b , }{\charscalex108 and
 threaded on both ends. Flanges were next made from couplings discarded from an old horse\-power tumbling rod, to fit on the threaded ends of the cylinder cast\-ing. When these flanges were tightly screwed on the casting and faced off smooth the whole presen
ted the ap\-pearance of a large spool. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7382\absh-4358\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15777\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2a84bab5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Complete Homemade Gasoline Engine }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The back cylinder head was made from a piece of cast iron, about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex86\i  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, turned to the same diameter as the flanges, and with a small projection to fit snugly inside the cylinder bore. Two holes were then drilled in this head and tapped for 3/4-in. 
pipe. Two pieces of 3/4 -in. pipe were fitted to these holes so that, when they were turned in, a small part of the end of each pipe projected on the inside of the cylinder head. These pieces of pipe serve as valve cages and are reamed out on the inside en
ds to form a valve seat. The outlet for the exhaust and the inlet for the gas and air are through holes drilled in the side of each pipe respectively and tapped for 1/2-in. pipe. Two heads were then made to fit over the outer ends of the valve cages. These
 heads looked similar to a thread spool with one flange cut off, the remaining flange fitting on the }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7589\absh-3422\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64097\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_44f7895f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Steps in Making the Home-Made Gasoline Engine }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 end of the valve cage and the center extending down inside to make a long guide for the valve stems. These heads are held in place by a wrought-iron plate and two bolts, one of which is plainly shown in the picture. This plate also supports the rocker arms
, Fig. 2, and the guides for the rods that operate the valves. Both valves are mechan\-ically operated by one cam attached to a shaft running one turn to two of the crankshaft. The gears to run this shaft were cut from solid pieces on a small home-made gear
-cutting attach\-ment for the lathe as shown in Fig. 3. The gear on the crankshaft has 20 teeth meshing into a 40-tooth gear on the cam shaft. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The main part of the frame consists of a piece of 1/2-in. square iron, 30 in. long, bent in the shape of a U}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex123\i\f4 , }{\charscalex108 and on the outside of this piece is riveted a bent piece of sheet metal 1/8}{\charscalex88  }{\charscalex108 in. thick and 3 in. wide. The U-shaped iron is placed near one edge of
 the sheet metal. Two pieces of 2-1/2-in. angle iron are riveted vertically on the ends of the U-shaped iron and a plate riveted on them to close the open end and to form a face on which to attach the cylinder with bolts or cap screws. A hole was cut throu
gh the angle irons and plate the same size as the bore of the cylinder so the piston could be taken out with\-out removing the cylinder. A 1-in. angle iron was riveted to one side of the finished frame to make a support for the crankshaft bearing. The rough
 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 frame, Fig. 4, was then finished on an emery wheel. This long frame had to be made to accommodate the cross\-head which was necessary for such a short cylinder. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The piston and rod were screwed together and turned in one operation on a lathe. The three rings were made from an old cast-iron pulley. The cap screws were made from steel pump rods. A piece of this rod was centered in a lathe and turned so as to shape si
x or more screws, Fig. 5, then re\-moved and the first one threaded and cut off, then the second and so on until all of them were made into screws. The rod was held in a vise for this last operation. Studs were made by thread\-ing both ends of a proper lengt
h rod. Make-and-break ignition is used on the engine; however, a jump spark would be much better. The flywheel and mix\-ing valve were purchased from a house dealing in these parts. The water jacket on the cylinder is a sheet of cop\-per formed and soldered 
in place, and brass bands put on to co v e r the soldered joints. --Contributed by Peter  Johnson, Clermont, Iowa. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Dripping Carburetor [208]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If gasoline drips from the carburetor when the engine is not running, the needle valve connected with the float should be investigated. If the dripping stops when the valve is pressed down, the float is too high. If the valve keeps dripping, then it should
 be ground to a fit. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Merry-Go-Round Thriller [209] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4915\absh-3274\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert63361\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_77fa692a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Swinging on the Merry-Go-Round }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 As a home mechanic with a fond\-ness for amusing the children I have seen many descriptions of merry-go-\-rounds, but never one which required so little material, labor and time, and which gave such satis\-factory results, as the one illustrated herewith. It 
was erected in our back yard one afternoon, the materi\-als being furnished by an accommodating lum\-ber pile, and a little junk, and it has pro\-vided unlimited pleas\-ure for "joy-riders," little and big, from all over the neighborhood. It looks like a toy, 
but once seat yourself in it and begin to go around. and, no matter what your age or size may be, you will have in a minute enough thrill and excitement to last the balance of the day. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The illustration largely explains it\-self, but a few dimensions will be a help to anyone wishing to construct the apparatus. The upright is a 4 by 4-in. timber, set 3 ft. in the ground with 8 ft. extending above. It is braced on four sides with pieces 2 in
. square and 2 ft. long, butting against short stakes. The upper end of the post is wound with a few rounds of wire or an iron strap to prevent splitting. The cross\-piece is 2 in. square, 12 ft. long, strengthened by a piece 4 in. square and 5 ft. long. Th
ese two pieces must be securely bolted or spiked together. A malleable iron bolt, 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. in diameter and 15 in. long is the pivot. On this depends the safety of the contrivance, so it must be strong enough, and long enough to keep firmly in the post. Driv
e this bolt in a 3/8-in. hole bored in the post, which will make it a suf\-ficiently tight fit. Make the hole for the bolt very loose through the cross\-piece, so that there will be plenty of "wobble," as this is one of the mirth-making features of the machi
ne. Use a heavy washer at the head. The seats are regular swing boards, sup\-ported by a stout and serviceable rope. A 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex109 -in. rope is not too heavy. One set of ropes are passed through holes at the end of the crosspiece and knot\-ted on top. The other set 
should be provided with loops at the top and slid over the crosspiece, being held in posi\-tion by spikes as shown. This makes an easy adjustment. Seat the heavier of the riders on the latter seat, moving it toward the center until a balance with the lighte
r rider is reached. A rope tied to the crosspiece about 2 ft. from the center, for the "motive power" to grasp, completes the merry-go-\-round. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Put plenty of soap }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113\i\f4 qr }{\charscalex109 grease between the crosspiece and upright. Be sure to have room for the ropes to swing out at high speed, with no trees or build\-ings in the way. The "wobble" men\-tioned will give an agreeable undulat\-ing motion, which adds greatly to
 the flying sensation. This will be found surprisingly evident for so small a ma\-chine. As there is no bracing, care must be taken to have the two riders sit at the same moment, or the iron bolt will be bent out of line. If it is to be used for adults, str
ong clear ma\-terial only should be employed. --Con\-tributed by C. W. Nieman. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 How to Make and {\charscalex106 Fly }a Chinese Kite [210] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Chinese boy is not satisfied with simply holding the end of a kite string and running up and down the block or field trying to raise a heavy paper kite with a half pound of rags for a tail. He makes a kite as light as possible with\-out any tail which h
as the peculiar property of being able to move in every di\-rection. Sometimes an expert can make one of these kites travel across the wind for several hundred feet; in fact, I have seen boys a full block apart bring their kites together and engage }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7406\absh-4651\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3905\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7d25b2d9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Parts of a Chinese Kite }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 in a combat until one of their kites floated away with a broken string, or was punctured by the swift dives of the other, and sent to earth, a wreck. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Chinese boy makes his kite as follows: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 From a sheet of thin but tough tis\-sue paper about 20 in. square, which he folds and cuts along the dotted line, as shown in Fig. 1, he gets a perfectly square kite having all the properties of a good flyer, light and strong. He shapes two pieces of bamboo
, one for the backbone and one for the bow. The backbone is flat, 1/4 by 3/32}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50\i  }{\charscalex106 in. and }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 18 in. long. This he smears along one side with common boiled rice. Boiled rice is one of the best adhesives for use on paper that can be obtained and the Chinese have used it for centuries while we are just waking up to the fact that it makes fine photo p
aste. Having placed the backbone in position, paste two triangular pieces of paper over the ends of the stick to prevent tearing. The bow is now bent, and the lugs ex\-tending from the sides of the square paper are bent over the ends of the bow and pasted d
own. If the rice is quite dry or mealy it can be smeared on and will dry almost immediately, therefore no strings are needed to hold the bow bent while the paste dries. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the sticks are in position the kite will appear as shown in Fig. 2. The dotted lines show the lugs bent over the ends of the bow and pasted down. Figure 3 shows how the band is put on and how the kite is balanced. This is the most important part and 
cannot be explained very well. This must be done by experimenting and it is enough to say that the kite must balance perfectly. The string is fast\-ened by a slip-knot to the band and moved back and forth until the kite flies properly, then it is securely f
ast\-ened. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A reel is next made. Two ends--\-the bottoms of two small peach baskets will do--are fastened to a dowel stick or broom handle, if nothing better is at hand. These ends are placed about 14 in. apart and strips nailed between them as shown in Fig. 4, and the
 cen\-ters drawn in and bound with a string. The kite string used is generally a heavy packing thread. This is run through a thin flour or rice paste until it is thoroughly coated, then it is run through a quantity of crushed glass. The glass should be beat
en up fine and run through a fine sieve to make it about the same as No.2 emery. The particles should be extremely sharp and full of splinters. These particles ad\-here to the pasted string and when dry are so sharp that it cannot be handled without scratch
ing- the fingers, there\-fore the kite is flown entirely from the reel. To wind the string upon the reel, all that is necessary is to lay one end of the reel stick in the bend of the left arm and twirl the other end between the fingers of the right hand. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Chinese boy will be flying a gaily colored little kite from the roof of a house (if it be in one of the large cities where they have flat-roofed houses) and a second boy will appear on the roof of another house perhaps 200 ft. away. Both have large reels
 full of string, often several hundred yards of it. The first hundred feet or so is glass-covered string, the balance, com\-mon packing thread, or glass-covered string. As soon as the second boy has his kite aloft, he begins ma\-neuvering to drive it across 
the wind and over to the first kite. First, he pays out a large amount of string, then as the kite wobbles to one side with its nose pointing toward the first kite, he tightens his line and commences a steady quick pull. If properly done his kite crosses o
ver to the other and above it. The string is now payed out until the second kite is hanging over the first one's line. The wind now tends to take the second kite back to its paral\-lel and in so doing makes a turn about the first kite's string. If the secon
d kite is close enough, the first tries to spear him by swift dives. The second boy in the meantime is see-sawing his string and presently the first kite's string is cut and it drifts away. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is not considered sport to haul the other fellow's kite down as might be done and therefore a very interesting battle is often witnessed when the ex\-perts clash their kites.--Contributed by S. C. Bunker, Brooklyn, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Vise [211] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An ordinary monkey wrench that has been discarded is used in making this vise. The wrench is supported by two L-shaped pieces of iron fastened with }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3744\absh-2174\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3745\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_330e1bf1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Swivel Bench Vise }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 a rivet through the end jaw, and these in turn are bolted or screwed to the bench. The handle end is held down with a staple. The inside jaw is used in clamping and is operated with the thumb screw of the wrench. Two holes bored through the thumb piece wil
l greatly facilitate setting up the jaws tightly by using a small rod in the holes as a lever. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The vise may be made into a swing vise if the wrench is mounted on a board which is swung on a bolt at one end and held with a pin at the other as shown in the illustration. Various holes bored in the bench on an arc will permit the board to be set at any 
angle. --Contributed' by Harry S. Moody, Newburyport. Mass. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Changing Bag for Plate Holders [212] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good bag for changing plates and loading plate holders and one that the operator can see well to work in can }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3821\absh-4282\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16321\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3f3a3fb8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Made of Black Cambric }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 be made by anyone on a sewing ma\-chine. Ten yards of black cambric or other black cloth and a little ruby fabric will be required. Take the cam\-bric and fold it into 2-yd. lengths (Fig. 1) which will make five layers of cloth, tack or fasten the layers tog
ether so they will not slip and cut an 8-in. square hole in the middle of one half (Fig. 2) and sew the ruby fabric over the opening. Be sure and make the seam light-tight and have enough lay\-ers of ruby fabric so no white light can get in. Fold the cloth 
up so it will be 1 yd. square (Fig. 3) and sew up the edges to make a bag with one side open. Put a drawstring in the edge of the cloth around the open side and the bag is complete ready for use. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take the holders and plate boxes in the lap and put the bag over the head and down around the body, then draw the string up tight. A bag made up in this manner is for use only for a short time. If it is necessary to do consid\-erable work at a time, then a 
dust protector, such as mill men use, must be attached to a 3-ft. length of 2-in. rubber hose and the hose run through a hole in the bag. This will make it possible to work in the bag as long as you wish. --Contributed by Earl R. Hastings, Corinth, Vt. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Asbestos Table Pads [212] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Asbestos table pads to prevent the marring of polished table tops from heated dishes can be easily made at home much cheaper than they can be bought. Procure a sheet of asbestos from a plumbing shop and cut it in the shape of the top of your table. If the 
table is round, make the pad as shown in the illustration, cutting the circular piece into quarters. Cut four pieces of canton flannel. each the size of half the table top. Two of the asbestos pieces are used to make one-half of the pad. Place the two piec
es with their edges together so they will form half a circle disk and cover both sides with a piece of the flannel and pin them in place. A binding of white cotton tape is then basted around the edges to hold all the pieces together until they are stitched
 on a sewing machine. A line of machine stitching is made all around the outside and through the middle  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3792\absh-3773\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15489\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2ef9ccf5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pads Made of Asbestos }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 between where the edges of the asbestos sheets join together. This will form a hinge so the two quarters may be folded for putting away. Make the }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 other half circular disk in the same way. If leaves are wanted in extending the table, any number of pads can 
be made to cover them in the same manner with the hinge in the middle of each pad. The flannel is used with the nap side out so it will make the pad soft and noiseless. This kind of a pad furnishes perfect protection to the table from any heat or moisture.
-Contributed by H. E. Wharton, Oakland, Calif. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Ladies' Handbag [213]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make this bag, get a piece of Russian calf modeling leather. A shade of brown is the best as it does not soil easily and does not require coloring, which spoils the leather ef\-fect. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The dimensions of the full sized bag are: from A to B, 17-1/2 in. ; from C to D, 16-1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex108 in.; from E to F,9-1/4}{\i  }{\charscalex108 in.; G to H, 6-1/4 in., and E to G, 2-1/4}{\charscalex72\i  }{\charscalex108 in. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Enlarge the accompanying pattern to the given dimensions, trace this or some other appropriate design on it, and then cut the leather the size of the pattern. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Use a sponge to dampen the leather on the rough side, not so damp that the water will come through to the right side when working, but damp enough to allow the design to be well impressed }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3864\absh-3197\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert42945\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_53e2ef4f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pattern }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 on the leather. Use a smooth, non-\-absorbent surface to lay the leather on while at work. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now lay the pattern on the right side of the leather and with the smallest end of the leather tool or a sharp, hard pencil, trace the design carefully on the leather. Moisten the leather as }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-3552\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_267bd5a9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Design on the Leather }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 often as necessary to keep it sufficiently moist to work well. Trace the open\-ings for the handles, also lines A-G, H-B, and E-G, G-J, and corresponding lines on the other side. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove pattern and trace the design directly on leather with the round point of tool, until it is made distinct and in marked contrast to the rest of the leather. Do not make sharp marks but round the edges of the lines nicely, with the rounded sides of th
e tools. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To complete the bag, get something with which to make a lining. A piece of oozed leather is the most satisfac\-tory. Cut it the same size as the bag, place both together and with a leather punch, make holes all around the edge of the bag about 1/8 in. apart
. Cut out the leather for the handle openings. Care should be taken not to cut the holes too near the edge of the bag lest the lacing pull out. Now cut narrow thongs, about 1/8 in. wide, and lace through the holes, lacing the sides of the end pieces in wit
h the sides of the bag. Crease the lines A-G and B-H inward for ends of bag. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing Wire Insulation [213]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The claw of a hammer can be used for removing the insulation on copper wire, if not more than 1 in. is taken off at a time. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Small Electric Motor [214] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The drawing herewith shows a sim\-ple electric motor which can be easily constructed by any boy who is at all handy with tools. I made this motor }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3720\absh-4075\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28449\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2f96ef18.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electro-Magnet Motor }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 many times when a boy and can say that if carefully constructed it will run with greater rapidity than the more expensive ones. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A common magnet which can be purchased at any toy store is used. The one shown is 3-1/2 in. in length. The armature core is a strip of 1/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex88\f4  }{\charscalex108 by 1/4-in. iron, 2-1/4 in. long, bent U-shaped and fastened to the wood flywheel. Each leg of the armature is wound 
with 10 ft. of No. }24 {\charscalex108 gauge magnet wire. The commutator is made from an old 22 cartridge filed into two equal parts, each being a half circle, both of which are made fast to a collar on the shaft E. Each half of the commutator must be insulated from the ot
her half. The collar can be made by wrapping paper around the shaft until the re\-quired size is obtained. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The top end of the shaft runs in a hole bored in a brass support, B, which is screwed on the end of a piece of wood mortised in the base, as shown in Fig. 1. The lower end of the shaft runs in a glass bead, D, which is fastened to a small piece of brass wi
th sealing wax. The small brass piece is fastened to the base with screws. The bead should not have an eye larger in diameter than the shaft. The shaft is made from an old discarded knitting needle. The brushes are fastened to each side of the upright piec
e of wood supporting the brass bearing B. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The connections to the battery are shown in Fig. 2. Each half of the com\-mutator C is connected to the coils AA as shown in Fig. 1. --Contributed by J.M. Shannon, Pasadena, Calif. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Moving a Coin Under a Glass [214]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place a penny or a dime on a table\-cloth, towel or napkin and cover it over with a glass in such a way that the glass will rest upon two 25 or 50 \-cent pieces as shown in the sketch. The coin is made to come forth with\-out touching it or sliding a stick un
\-der the edge of the glass. It is only necessary to claw the cloth near the glass with the nail of the forefinger. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-3005\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16097\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_35356807.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Removing the Coin }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cloth will produce a movement that will slide the coin to the edge and from under the glass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Improving Phonograph Sound [214]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When playing loud and harsh records on a phonograph the music is often spoiled by the vibration of the metal horn. This may be remedied by buck\-ling a valise or shawl strap around the horn, near the center. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Paper Balloons [215] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Balloons made spherical, or designed after the regular aeronaut's hot-air bal\-loon, are the best kind to make. Those having an odd or unusual shape will not make good ascensions, and in most cases the paper will catch fire from the torch and burn before th
ey have flown very far. The following description is for making a tissue-paper balloon about 6 ft. high. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7661\absh-4061\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15521\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7e16573a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex115 Paper Balloon \tab \tab \tab Pattern and Parts to Make Balloon }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The paper may be selected in several colors, and the gores cut from these, pasted in alternately, will produce a pretty array of colors when the balloon is in flight. The shape of a good bal\-loon is shown in Fig. 1. The gores for a 6-ft. balloon should be 
about 8 ft. long or about one-third longer than the height of the balloon. The widest part of each gore is 16 in. The widest place should be 53-1/2 in. from the bot\-tom end, or a little over half way from the bottom to the top. The bottom of the gore is on
e-third the width of the widest point. The dimensions and shape of each gore are shown in Fig. 2. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The balloon is made up of 13 gores pasted together, using about 1/2-in. lap on the edges. Any good paste will do--one that is made up of flour and water well cooked will serve the pur\-pose. If the gores have been put together right, the pointed ends will c
lose up the top entirely and the wider bottom ends will leave an opening about 20 in. in diameter. A light wood hoop having the same diameter as the opening is pasted to the bottom end of the gores. Two cross wires are fastened to the hoop, as shown in Fig
. 3. These are to hold the wick ball, Fig. 4, so it will hang as shown in Fig. 5. The wick ball is made by wind\-ing wicking around a wire, having the ends bent into hooks as shown. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The balloon is filled with hot air in a manner similar to that used with the ordinary cloth balloon. A small trench or fireplace is made of brick having a chimney over which the mouth of the paper balloon is placed. Use fuel that will make heat with very l
ittle smoke. Hold the balloon so it will not catch fire from the flames coming out of the chimney. Have some alcohol ready to pour on the wick ball, saturating it thoroughly. When the balloon is well filled carry it away from the fireplace, attach the wick
 ball to the cross wires and light it. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In starting the balloon on its flight, take care that it leaves the ground as nearly upright as possible. --Contrib\-uted by R. E. Staunton. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Simple Steamboat Model [216]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The small boat shown in the accom\-panying sketch may have a length of 12 to 18 in. and is constructed in the following manner: A small steam boiler, A, is supported by two braces over an alcohol lamp in the middle of the boat. A small pipe is fastened to t
he top of the boiler in such a way that the open end will be opposite the open end of another pipe, B, somewhat larger in size. The pipe B}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex119\f4  }{\charscalex108 opens into the stern of the boat at C, as shown in Fig. 1. The steam, coming through the small pipe A, is driven forc
ibly through the larger pipe }B, {\charscalex108 and carries with it a certain amount of air out through the opening C into the water. As the boat is driven forward by this force, the steam arises to the surface in the form of bubbles. The boat soon attains considerable sp
eed, leaving a long wake behind. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3821\absh-3245\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16897\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_60c02575.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi556\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sectional View and Completed Boat }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Remove Grease from Machinery  [216]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good way to remove grease or oil from machinery before painting is to brush slaked lime and water over the surface, leaving the solution on over night. After washing, the iron is dried and the paint will stick to it readily. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In removing grease from wood, com\-mon whitewash may be left on for a few hours and then washed off with warm water, after which the paint will adhere permanently. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Game Played on the Ice  [216]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi244\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two lines are drawn parallel on the ice from 50 to 100 ft. apart and blocks of wood are placed every 6 ft. apart on these lines. The player opening the game skates to the line and delivers, in bowling form, a sliding block similar to the blocks that are pl
aced on the lines with the exception that it has a handle. The blocks are about 6 in. wide by 6 in. high and 8 in. long. The slid\-ing blocks should be at least 1 ft. long and each provided with a handle. The handle is attached by boring a hole near one end
 in the middle of the block and driving in a wood pin. The hole is bored slanting so as to in\-cline the handle. Two of these blocks are provided for the reason that when a player bowls one of the opposing player's blocks over the line he is en\-titled to an
other throw. The side wins that bowls over all of the opposing }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5261\absh-3504\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2c5c13a5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bowling Over the Opponent's Blocks }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 players' blocks first. This will prove an interesting and enjoyable pastime for skaters.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Making Photo Silhouette Brass Plaques [217]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi168\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a brass plate having a smooth surface the right size for the photograph and cover it with a coat of paraffin. This is done by heating the paraffin in a vessel hot enough to make the wax run freely, then pouring the liquid over the entire surface of 
the brass. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the paraffin has cooled suffi\-ciently the outlines of the photograph must be drawn upon its surface. There are three ways of doing this:  First, the photograph can be traced on tissue paper and then retraced on the paraffin surface. The exact outlines
 of the photograph can be obtained this way without destroying the print. Second, if you have several copies of the photograph, one can be utilized by tracing direct to the surface of the paraffin. In using either of the two methods described, carbon paper
 must be placed on the paraffin before the tis\-sue paper or photograph is laid upon it. Third, cut out the outlines of the photograph and lay it on the paraffin surface, then trace around the edges with the point of a needle or sharp point of a knife. The 
outlines drawn by the first method are cut through the paraffin in the same way. The paraffin is carefully removed from the inside of the lines, leaving the brass sur\-face perfectly clean, as is shown in Fig. 1. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi168\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The exposed part of the plate is now ready to be e}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex156 t}{\charscalex106 ched}{\charscalex118  }{\charscalex106 or eaten away to the right depth with aci}d. {\charscalex106 The acid solution is made up of 1-1/2 }{\charscalex73\i  }{\charscalex106 parts muriatic acid and 2 parts water. The mixture should be placed in a glass or earthenware }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi168\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2266\absh-3130\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3649\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_40f3ece4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi456\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex121 Fig. 1 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 Waxed Brass Plate }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi456\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 vessel. If the plate is a small one a saucer will do for the acid solution. Pour the acid on the plate where the paraffin has been removed and allow it time to etch. The }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex118 aci}{\charscalex106 d should be removed every five minutes to exam\-ine the etching. If any places show 
up where the paraffin has not been en\-tirely re\-moved they must be cleaned so the acid will eat out the metal. When the acid solution becomes weak new solution must be added until the proper depth is secured. Rinse the plate in cold water, stand in a tray 
and heat it sufficiently to run off all the paraffin. Polish the plate by rubbing it with a piece of flannel. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2707\absh-3442\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57441\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m42a586de.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex121 Fig. 2 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 Finished Plaque }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The plaque can be given a real an\-tique finish by painting the etched part with a dull black paint. Drill a small hole in each of the four corners, being careful not to dent the metal. The plaque is backed with a piece of wood 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex106 in. thick, the dimensions
 of which should exceed those of the brass plate sufficiently to harmonize with the size of the plaque. The wood should}{\charscalex122  }{\charscalex106 be painted black with the same paint used in the plaque. Paint the heads of four thumb tacks black and use them in fastening the plaque 
to the board. The finished silhouette will appear as shown in Fig. 2. --Contributed by John A. Hellwig, Albany, N. Y. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Aligning Automobile Headlights [217]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Automobile headlights should be set to throw the light straight ahead, not pointed down at the road at an angle. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Telescope Stand and Holder [218] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With the ordinary small telescope it is very difficult to keep the line of sight fixed upon any particular object. To meet the situation I constructed the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3581\absh-2818\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26561\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m647022a3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex50{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex135 Fig. 1 \tab \tab Fig. 2 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Made of a Camera Tripod }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 device illustrated herewith. A circular piece of wood, B, 6 in. in diameter, is fastened to a common camera tripod, A, with a set screw, S. Corner irons, CC}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i\f4 , }{\charscalex109 are screwed to the circular piece. These corner irons are also screwed to, and supported in a vert
ical position by the wood standard D, which is 4 in. wide and of any desired height. To this standard is secured the wood shield-\-shaped piece E by the screw G upon which it turns. A semi-circular slit is cut in the piece G, through which passes the set sc
rew S. The telescope is secured to the piece G by means of the pipe straps FF. Rubber bands are put around the telescope to prevent rubbing at the places where the straps enclose it. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The wood pieces were made of m}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20ahogany well rubbed with linseed oil to give them a finish. The corner irons and set screws or bolts with thumb-nuts can be purchased at any hardware store. The pipe straps of  {\charscalex109 different sizes can be obtained from a plumber's 
or gas and steam fitter's store. With this device, either a ver\-tical or a horizontal motion may be secured, and, after bringing the desired object into the line of sight, the set screws will hold the telescope in posi\-tion. Anyone owning a tripod can cons
truct this device in three or four hours' time at a trifling cost. In Fig. 1 is shown the side view of the holder and stand, and Fig. 2 the front view. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It may be of interest to those owning telescopes without solar eyepieces to know that such an eyepiece can be ob\-tained very cheaply by purchasing a pair of colored eyeglasses with very dark lenses and metal rims. Break off the frame, leaving the metal rim
s and nibs at each end. Place these over the eyepiece of the telescope and se\-cure in place with rubber bands looped over the nibs and around the barrel of the instrument. --Contributed by R. A. Paine, Richmond, Va.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex109\fs20{\b How to Make an Electrical Horn}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex109\fs20\fs20 [218] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Secure an empty syrup or fruit can, any kind having a smooth flat bottom will do. If the bottom is not perfectly flat, it will interfere with the regular tone vibrations, and not produce the right sound. Remove the label by soaking it in hot water. Take an
 ordi\-nary electrical bell and remove the gong, clip off the striking ball and bend the rod at right angles. Cut a block of wood 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. thick, 5 in. wide and 8 in. long for the base. Fasten the can on it with a piece of sheet brass or }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3571\absh-2477\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57473\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1be0c0cc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tin Can and Bell Parts }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 tin as shown in the sketch. Mount the bell vibrator on the base, using a small block of wood to elevate it to the level of the center of the can, and solder the end of the vibrator rod to the metal.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Connect two dry cells to the bell vi\-brator, and adjust the contact screw until a clear tone is obtained. The rap\-idly moving armature of the bell vi\-brator causes the bottom of the can to vibrate with it, thus producing sound waves. The pitch of the tone 
depends on the thickness of the bottom of the can. This horn, if carefully adjusted and using two cells of dry battery, will give a soft pleasant tone that can be heard a block away. If the two pro\-jecting parts of the vibrator are sawed off with a hacksaw
, it can be mounted on the inside of the can. This will make a very compact electric horn, as only the can is visible.-Contributed by John Sidelmier, La Salle, Ill.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Driving a Washing Machine with Motorcycle Power [219] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The halftone illus\-tration shows how 1 rigged up my washing machine to be driven by the power from my motorcycle. I made a wheel 26 in. in diameter of some 1-in. pine boards, shrunk an iron band on it for a tire, and bolted it to the wheel on the washing m
a\-chine. A long belt the same width as the mo\-torcycle belt was used to drive the machine. The motorcycle was lined up and the engine started, then the mo\-torcycle belt thrown off and the long belt run on, connecting the engine and washing machine wheel. -
1. R. Kidder, Lake Preston, S. D. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5126\absh-4123\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36641\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_58546073.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Machine Belted to the Motorcycle }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Aquarium [219] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good aquarium can be made from a large-sized street lamp globe and a yellow pine block. Usually a lamp globe costs less than an aquarium globe of the same dimensions. Procure a yellow pine block 3 in. thick and 12 in. square. The more uneven and twisted 
the grain the better for the purpose, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3571\absh-2083\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m22edd339.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lamp Globe as an Aquarium }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 it is then less liable to develop a con\-tinuous crack. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut out a depression for the base of the globe as shown in Fig. 1. Pour in aquarium cement and embed the globe in it. Pour more cement inside of the globe until the cement is level with the top of the block. Finish with a ring of cement around the outside 
and sprinkle with fine sand while the ce\-ment is damp. Feet may be added to the base if desired. The weight of the pine block makes a very solid and sub\-stantial base for the globe and renders it less liable to be upset. --Contributed by James R. Kane, Doy
lestown, Pa }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Protect Your Lathe [219]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Never allow lard oil to harden on a lathe. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Frame for Displaying Both Sides of Coins [220] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is quite important for coin collec\-tors to have some convenient way to }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3710\absh-3374\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36833\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_13cd651e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Holding Coins between Glasses }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 show both sides of coins without touch\-ing or handling them. If the collection consists of only a few coins, they can be arranged in a frame as shown in Fig. 1. The frame is made of a heavy card, A, Fig. 2, the same thickness as the coins, and covered over
 on each side with a piece of glass, B. Holes are cut in the card to receive the coins C. The frame is placed on bearings so it may be turned over to examine both sides. If there is a large collection of coins, the frame can be made in the same manner and 
used as drawers in a cabi\-net. The drawers can be taken out and turned over. --Contributed by C. Purdy, Ghent, O. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Lantern Slides [220] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A great many persons who have magic lanterns do not use them very much, for after the slides have been shown a few times, they become unin\-teresting, and buying new ones or even making them from photographic nega\-tives is expensive. But by the method descr
ibed in the following paragraph anyone can make new and interesting slides in a few minutes' time and at a very small cost. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a number of glass plates of the size that will fit your lantern and clean them on both sides. Dissolve a piece of white rosin in a half-pint of gasoline and flow it over one side of the plates and allow to dry. Place the dried plate over a picture y
ou wish to reproduce and draw the outline upon the thin film. A lead pencil, pen and ink or colored crayons can be used, as the rosin and gasoline give a surface that can be written upon as easily as upon paper. When the slide becomes uninteresting it can 
be cleaned with a little clear gasoline and used again to make another slide. A slide can be made in this way in five minutes and an in\-teresting outline picture in even less time than that. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This solution also makes an ideal re\-touching varnish for negatives. --Con\-tributed by J.E. Noble, Toronto, Canada. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Developing Box [220] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A box for developing 3-1/4 by 4-1/4 -in. plates is shown in detail in the accom\-panying sketch. It is made of strips of wood  1/4-in. thick, cut and grooved, and then glued together as indicated. If desired, a heavier piece can be placed on the bottom. Coa
t the inside of the box with paraffin or wax, melted and applied with a brush. Allow it to fill all crevices so that the developing box will be watertight. It will hold 4 oz. of developer. Boxes for larger plates }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3778\absh-2395\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert25601\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m694c0d82.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Developing Box }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 can be made in the same manner. Use a small wooden clip in taking the plates out of the box, being careful not to scratch the sensitive film. --Contrib\-uted by R.J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex107 Smith, Milwaukee, Wis. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Staining Wood [221] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very good method of staining close-grained woods is to use muriatic acid. The acid is put on with a brush like any ordinary stain. The colors thus obtained are artistic and most beautiful, and cannot be duplicated by any known pigment. The more coats app
lied the darker the color will be. This method of staining has the advan\-tage of requiring no wiping or rubbing.  --Contributed by August T. Neyer, One Cloud, Cal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Sheet-Metal Whisk-Broom Holder [221] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A whisk-broom holder such as is shown in the accompanying picture may be easily made by the amateur. The tools needed are few: a pair of tin shears, a metal block of some kind upon which to pound when riveting, a hammer or mallet, several large nails, and 
a stout board upon which to work up the design. A rivet punch is desir\-able, though not absolutely necessary. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The material required is a sheet of No. 24 gauge copper or brass of a size equal to that of the proposed holder, plus a 3/8-in. border all around, into which to place the screws that are to be used to hold the metal to the board while pounding it. The desi
gn shown in the picture is 6 by 8 in. at the widest part and has proven a satisfactory holder for a small broom. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Carefully work out the design de\-sired on a piece of drawing paper, both outline and decoration, avoiding sharp curves in the outline because they are hard to follow with the shears when cutting the metal. If the design is to be of two-part symmetry, like 
the one shown, draw one part, then fold on a center line and duplicate this by insert\-ing double-surfaced carbon paper and tracing the part already drawn. With this same carbon paper transfer the design to the metal. Fasten the metal to the board firmly, u
sing 1/2-in. screws placed about 1 in. apart in holes pre\-viously punched in the margin with a nail set or nail. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To flatten the metal preparatory to fastening it to the board, place a block of wood upon it and pound on this block, never upon the metal directly, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3667\absh-7325\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert737\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5f80d348.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Completed Holder }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Brass Fastened to Board-Method of Riveting }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 or the surface will be dented and look bad in the finished piece. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take the nail, a 10 or 20-penny wire or cut, and file it to a chisel edge, rounding it just enough to take the sharpness off so that it will not cut the metal. This tool is used for indenting the metal so as to bring out the out\-line of the design on the s
urface. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There are several ways of working up the design. The simplest way is to take the nail and merely "chase" the outlines of holder design. Remove the screws, cut off the surplus metal and file the edges until they are smooth. Make a paper pattern for the meta
l band that is to hold the broom. Trace around this pattern on the metal and cut out the shape. Punch rivet holes in holder and band, also a hole by which to hang the whole upon the wall. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rivet the band to the holder. Punch the rivet holes with a nail set and make the holes considerably larger than the diameter of the rivet, for in flattening the raised edges the holes will close. Do the riveting on a metal block and keep the head of the ri
vet on the back of the holder. Round up the "upset" end of the riveted part as shown in the picture. Do not bend it over or flatten it. This rounding is done by pounding around the outer edge of the rivet end and not flat upon the top as in driving a nail.
 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Clean the metal by scrubbing it off with a solution composed of one-half water and one-half nitric acid. Use a rag tied to a stick and do not allow the acid to touch either your hands or clothes. A metal lacquer may next be applied to keep the metal from e
arly corrosion. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Camp Stool [222]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The stool, as shown in Fig. 1, is made of beech or any suitable wood }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3576\absh-2419\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_d9ccfcb.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Camp Stool Details }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 with a canvas or carpet top. Provide four lengths for the legs, each 1 in. square and 18-1/2 in. long; two lengths, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20l-1/8 {\charscalex108 in. square and 11 in. long, for the top, and two lengths, 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. square, one 8-1/2 and the other 10-1/2 in. long, for the lower rails
. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The legs are shaped at the ends to fit into a 5/8-in. hole bored in the top pieces as shown in Fig. 2, the distance between the centers of the holes being 7-5/8 in. in one piece and 9-5/8 in. in the other. The lower rails are fitted in the same way, using 
a 1/2-in. hole bored into each leg 2-1/2 in. up from the lower end. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Each pair of legs has a joint for folding and this joint is made by bor\-ing a hole in the middle of each leg, inserting a bolt and riveting it over washers with a washer placed be\-tween the legs as shown in Fig. 3. The  entire length of each part is rounde
d off for the sake of neatness as well as lightness. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 About 1/2 yd. of 11-in. wide material will be required for the seat and each end of this is nailed securely on the under side of the top pieces. The woodwork may be stained and var\-nished or plain varnished and the cloth may be made to have a pleasing effe
ct by stencilling in some neat pattern. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Small Home-Made Electric Motor  [222]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying photographs show the construction of a very unique electric motor, the parts consisting of the frame from an old bicycle pedal wrapped with insulated wire to make the armature and three permanent magnets taken from an old telephone magneto
. The pedal, being ball bear\-ing, rotated with very little friction and at a surprisingly high rate of speed. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3610\absh-1920\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57985\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_79a3b218.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Motor Complete }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The dust cap on the end of the pedal was removed and a battery connection, having quite a length of threads, was soldered to it as shown in the photo\-graph. The flanges were removed from an ordinary spool and two strips of brass fastened on its circumferen
ce for the commutator. The spool was held in position by a small binding }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_55dc082e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Commutator Parts }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 post nut. The shape of this nut made a good pulley for a cord belt. --Con\-tributed by John Shahan, Attalla, Ala. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-105\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-105\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Rocker Blocks on Coaster Sleds [223] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch shows a coasting sled with rocker blocks at\-tached on both front and rear runners. The runners and the other parts of the sled are made in the usual way, but in\-stead of fastening the rear runners solid to the top board and the fron
t runners to turn on a solid plane fifth wheel, they are pivoted so each pair of runners will rock when going over bumps. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The illustration will explain this construction without going into detail and giving dimensions for a certain size, as these rocker blocks can be at\-tached to any coaster or toboggan sled. It will be noticed that the top board may bend as much as it will u
nder the load without causing the front ends of the rear runners and the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7613\absh-1954\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1473\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m37061d03.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Coaster Sled with Rocker Runners }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 rear ends of the front runners gouging into the snow or ice. --Contributed by }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20W. {\charscalex108 F. Quackenbush, New York City. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Watch Fob [223] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1219\absh-4128\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62721\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1f74c82.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 This novelty watch fob is made from felt, using class, college or lodge colors combined in the making with emblems or initials colored on the texture. Two pieces of felt, each 1-1/4 in. wide and 4-1/4 in. long, are cut V-shaped on one end of each piece abo
ut 1 in. in depth, and 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. in from the other end of one piece cut a slit 1/2}{\charscalex58  }{\charscalex108 in. long; the end of the other piece is folded over, making a lap of about 1 in., and a slit is cut through the double thickness to match the one cut in the first piece. The d
esired em\-blem, initial, or pennant is stenciled on the outside of the folded piece with class, college or lodge colors. The strap is made from a strip of felt 3/16 in. wide and 8-1/4 in. long; stitched on both edges for appearance. Make a hole with a punc
h 1-1/4 in. from one end, and two holes in the other, one about 1 in. and the other 2-3/4 in. from the end. Purchase a 1/2-in. buckle from a harness maker and you will have all the parts necessary for the fob. Assemble as shown in the sketch. The end of th
e strap having the two holes is put through the slots cut in the wide pieces and the tongue of the buckle is run through both holes. The other end is passed through the ring of the watch and fastened in the buckle as in an ordinary belt. --Contributed by }C
. {\charscalex108 D. Luther. Ironwood. Mich. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Drill Lubricant [223]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A good lubricant for drilling is made by dissolving 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 to 1 lb. of sal-soda in one pailful of water.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b New Way to Remove a Bottle Stopper [224]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take a bottle of liquid, something that is carbonated, and with the aid of a napkin form a pad which is applied }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-3264\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34721\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m57f5dcc3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Removing the Stopper }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 to the lower end of the bottle. Strike hard with repeated blows against the solid surface of a wall, as shown in the sketch, and the cork will be driven out, sometimes with so much force that a part of the liquid comes with it and deluges the spectators, i
f desired by the operator.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Imitation Fancy Wings on Hinges [224] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The accompanying sketch shows how I overcame the hardware troubles when I was not able to find ready-made hinges in antique design for a mission sideboard and buffet. This method al\-lows a wide range of designs, which can be made at home with ordinary tool
s. The wings are made of copper or brass and finished in repouss}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20\'e9{\charscalex108 , or can be tarnished and the high places bur\-nished with 000 sandpaper or steel wool, then lacquered with white shellac or banana bronzing liquid. --Contributed by John H. Scha{\ul tz, Ind}ianapol
is, Ind. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-2395\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert25601\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5b64b754.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fancy Hinge Wings }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Child's Rolling Toy [224] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Secure a tin can, or a pasteboard box, about 2 in. in diameter and 2 in. or more in height. Punch two holes A, Fig. 1, in the cover and the bottom, 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex81  }{\charscalex108 in. from the center and opposite each other. Then cut a curved line from one hole to the other, as shown
 at B. A piece of lead, which can be procured from a plumber, is cut in the shape shown in Fig. 2, the size being 1 by 1-1/8 by 1-1/4 in. An ordinary rubber band is secured around the neck of the piece of }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-3710\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert58497\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4a65d9d0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rolling Can Toy }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 lead, as shown in Fig. 3, allowing the two ends to be free. The pieces of tin between the holes A, Fig. 1, on both top and bottom, are turned up as in Fig. 4, and the ends of the bands looped over them. The flaps are then turned down on the band and the ca
n parts put together as in Fig. 5. The can may be decorated with brilliant colored stripes, made of paper strips pasted on the tin. When the can is rolled away from you, it winds up the rubber band, thus storing the propelling power which makes it return. 
--Contributed by Mack Wilson, Columbus, O. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Portfolio [225] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a piece of Russian modeling calf leather of a size equal to 12 by 16 in. Make a paper pattern of the size indicated in the accompanying drawing, putting in the design. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The necessary tools consist of a stick with a straight edge and a tool with an end shaped like that of a nutpick. A nutpick with a V-\-shaped point will do if the sharpness is smoothed off by means of a piece of emery paper, so that it will indent without c
utting the leather. These tools can be bought for this special purpose, but are not essential for this piece if the nut\-pick is at hand. There }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5150\absh-4109\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert545\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4b0ee7f0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Portfolio Design }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 will also be needed a level, non-absorbent surface upon which to lay the leather while working it. A piece of thick glass, metal, or marble will serve. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Begin work by moistening the leather on the back side with a sponge or cloth. Moisten as much as you dare and still not have the moisture show on the face side. Next place the leather on the glass, face up, and, hold\-ing the pattern firmly in place so that
 it will not slip--if possible get some one to hold the pattern for you--place the straight edge on the straight lines and mark out or indent. After this has been done, mark over the design. A pencil may be used the first time over. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The pattern is now to be removed and all the lines gone over with the tool to make them deep and uniform. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The surplus stock around the edges may not be cut off. A neat way to finish the edges is to punch a series of holes entirely around through which a thin leather thong may be laced. If it is desired to "line" the inside, this should be done before the holes
 are punched or the lacing done. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Gear for Model Work [225]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When a gear is needed to drive a small pinion and there is none of the right size at hand, one can be made in the following manner: Turn up a wood }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 disk to the proper diameter and 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex108 in. thicker than the pinion, and cut a flat bottom groove 3/16}{\charscalex88  }{\charscalex108 in. deep in its face. The edges should be about 1/8}{\charscalex64\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. or more thick on each side. Measure the distance between centers of two adja\-cent teeth in the pinion
 and step this off around the periphery in the bottom of the groove. Drill holes into the wood on each point stepped off and in\-sert steel pins made of wire, allowing }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3749\absh-1978\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3522d522.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Steel Pins in Wood }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the end of each to protrude just far enough to act as a tooth. In this way a good gear for light work can be quickly and cheaply constructed. --Con\-tributed by Henry Schaefer, New York City. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Vise [226]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 While making a box I had some dovetailing to do, and as there was no }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3629\absh-2674\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2465\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1d2fcbaf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Vise on Bench }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 vise on the bench I rigged up a sub\-stitute. I secured a board 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex109 in. thick, 3 in. wide and 20 in. long and bored a 1/2-in. hole through it, 1 in. from each end. The board was then attached to the bench with two screws passing through washers and the two 
holes in the board into the bench top. The screws should be of a length suitable to take in the piece to be worked. --\-Contributed by A. M. Rice, Syracuse, New York.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cardboard Spiral Turned by Heat [226] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A novel attraction for a window dis\-play can be made from a piece of stiff cardboard cut in a spiral as shown in Fig. 1. The cardboard should be about 7 or 8 in. in diameter. Tie a piece of string to the center point of the spiral }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3614\absh-2438\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert50369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_56d188a2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Spiral Cut from Cardboard }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and fasten it so as to hang over a gas jet, Fig. 2. A small swivel must be put in the string at the top or near the cardboard, if it is desired to have the spiral run for any length of time. The cardboard will spin around rapidly and present quite an attra
ction. --Contribu\-ted by Harry Szerlip, Brooklyn, N. Y.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Workbench for the Amateur [226] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying detail drawing shows a design of a portable work\-bench suitable for the amateur wood\-worker. This bench can be made easily by anyone who has a few sharp tools and a little spare time. If the stock is purchased from the mill ready planed an
d cut to length, much of the hard labor will be saved. Birch or maple wood makes a very good bench and the following pieces should be or\-dered : }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li-14\ri0\lin-14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4 legs, 3 by 3 by 36. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li-14\ri0\lin-14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 2 side rails, 3 by 3 by 62-1/2{\i  }in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li-14\ri0\lin-14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2 end rails, 3 by 3 by 20 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 back board, 1 by 9 by 80 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 top board, 2 by 12 by 77 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 top board, 1 by 12 by 77 in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li-14\ri0\lin-14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 2 crosspieces, 1-1/2{\i  }by 3 by 24 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 1 piece for clamp, 1-1/2 by 6-1/2{\i  }by 12 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 1 piece for clamp, 1-1/2 by 6-1/2{\i  }by 14 in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li-14\ri0\lin-14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4 guides, 2 by 2 by 18 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 screw block, 3 by 3 by 6 in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 1 piece, 1-1/2{\i  }by 4-1/2 by 10-1/2 in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Make the lower frame first. Cut tenons on the rails and mortise the posts, then fasten them securely to\-gether with 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex109 by 5-in. lag screws as shown. Also fasten the 1-1/2 }{\charscalex74\i  }{\charscalex109 by 3 by 24-in. pieces to the tops of the posts with screws. The heads should be cou
ntersunk or else holes bored in the top boards to fit over them. Fasten the front top board to the crosspieces by lag screws through from the under side. The screws can be put in from the top for the 1-in. thick top board. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Fasten the end pieces on with screws, countersinking the heads of the vise end. Cut the 2-in. square holes in the 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex74\i  }{\charscalex109 by 4-1/2}{\charscalex74\i  }{\charscalex109 by 10-in. pieces for the vise slides, and fit it in place for the side vise. Also cut square holes in the one end piece for the
 end vise slides as shown. Now fit up the two clamps. Fasten the slides to the front pieces with screws. Countersink the heads of the screws so they will not be in the way of the hands when the vise is used. The two clamp screws should be about 1-1/2}{\charscalex74\i  }{\charscalex109 in. i
n diameter. They can be pur\-chased at a hardware store. A block }{\charscalex106 should be fitted under the crosspiece to hold the nut for the end vise. After }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7570\absh-5194\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39937\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5256dd77.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of the Bench }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 you have the slides fitted, put them in place and bore the holes for the clamp screws. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The back board can now be fastened to the back with screws as shown in the top view. The bench is now com\-plete, except for a couple of coats of oil which should be applied to give it a finish and preserve the wood. The ama\-teur workman, as well as the pat
tern maker, will find this a very handy and serviceable bench for his workshop. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 As the amateur work\-man does not always know just what tools he will need, a list is given which will answer for a general class of work. This list can be added to as the workman be\-comes more proficient in his line and has need for other tools. Only }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the long run. If each tool is kept in a certain place, it can be easily found when wanted. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 bench plane or jointer; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 jack plane or smoother; }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex113 1 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 cross cut saw, }{\charscalex113 24 }{\charscalex117 in.; }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex113 1 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 rip saw, }{\charscalex113 24 }{\charscalex117 in.; }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex113 1 claw ham}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 mer; }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex168 1 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 set gimlets; }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 brace and set of bits; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2 screw\-drivers, 3 and 6 in.; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 countersink; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 compass saw; }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex117 1 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 set }{\charscalex117 chisels; }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 wood scraper; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 monkey wrench; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 2-ft. rule; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 marking gauge; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 pair pliers; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 nail set; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 pair dividers; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 pocket level; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 6-in. try square; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 oilstone; }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 No.1, 2 and 00 sandpaper. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5285\absh-3667\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m618ce929.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Workbench Complete }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Repairing a Worn Knife Blade [228] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the blade of a favorite pocket knife, after constant use, becomes like A, Fig. 1, it is more dangerous than }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3840\absh-4728\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert13537\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7ab1010.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Blade Is Cut Down }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 useful. To cut down the already worn blade would leave only a stump, but if the blade is fastened in a vise and the point B filed off until it is like C, Fig. 2, the projecting point A, Fig. 1, will sink into the handle as shown at D, Fig. 3, and the knife
 will be given a new lease of usefulness. ---Contributed by James M. Kane, Doylestown, Pa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Leather Spectacle Case [228] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The spectacle case shown in the accompanying illustration may be made of either calf or cow skin. The calf skin, being softer, will be easier to work, but will not make as rigid a case as the cow skin. If calf skin is to be used, secure a piece of modeling
 calf. The extreme width of the case is 2-3/8 in. and the length 6-5/8 in. Two pieces will be required of this size. Put on the design before the two parts are sewed together. First draw the design on paper, then prepare the leather. Place the leather on a
 small non-ab\-sorbent surface, such as copper or brass, and moisten the back side with as much water as it will take and still not show on the face side. Turn the leather, lay the design on the face, and hold it in place while both the outline and decorati
on are traced on the sur\-face with a pencil or some tool that will make a sharp line without tearing the paper. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the outlines are traced, go over the indentations a second time so as to make them sharp and distinct. There are special modeling tools that can be purchased for this purpose, but a V-shaped nut pick, if smoothed with emery paper so that it will not 
cut the leather, will do just as well. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take a stippling tool--if no such tool is at hand, a cup-pointed nail set will do--and stamp the background. It is intended that the full design shall be placed on the back and the same design placed on the front as far as the ma\-terial will allow. Be care
ful in stamp\-ing not to pound so hard as to cut the leather. A little rubbing on the point with emery will take off the sharpness always found on a new tool. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Having prepared the two sides, they may be placed together and sewed around the edges.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If cow hide is preferred, the same method of treatment is used, but a form will need to be made and placed inside the case while the leather is drying to give it the right shape. The form can be made of a stick of wood. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-3571\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert61281\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7ff5e8b2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two Designs of Cases }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Waterproofing a Wall [229] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The best way to make a tinted wall waterproof is to first use a material composed of cement properly tinted and with no glue in it--one that will not require a glue size on the wall. After this coating of cement is applied directly to the plaster, cover it
 com\-pletely with water enamel and, when dry, give the surface a thorough coat\-ing of varnish. This will make a per\-fectly impervious covering, which steam, water or heat will not affect.\- --Contributed by Julia A. White, New York City.}
\par 
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Polishing Flat Surfaces [229] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1824\absh-2400\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert6049\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_mf3c253d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The work of finishing a number of brass castings with flat sides was ac\-complished on an ordi\-nary polishing wheel, from which the first few layers of cloth were removed and replaced with emery cloth. The emery surface of the cloth was placed outward and t
rimmed to the same diameter as the wheel. This made a sanding and polishing wheel in one. --Contrib\-uted by Chester L. Cobb, Portland, Maine. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107\sl-1\slmult0{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\sl-1\slmult0{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Rubber Tip for Chair Legs [229] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1421\absh-1642\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert38369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_49dd7f31.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An inexpensive method of prevent\-ing a chair from scratching the floor is to bore a hole of the proper size in the bot\-tom end of each chair leg and then procure four rubber stoppers of uniform size and press them into place. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This cushion of rub\-ber eliminates vibra\-tions, and they will not slip nor mar the finest surface upon which they rest. --Contributed by W. A. Jaquythe, Richmond, Cal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Adjusting a Plumb-Bob Line [229]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1803\absh-2611\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19649\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6b1d679f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 When plumbing a piece of work, if there is no help at hand to hold the overhead line, it is common practice to fasten the plumb line to a nail or other suit\-able projection. On coming down to the lower floor it is often found that the bob has been secured 
either too high or too low. When fastening the line give it plenty of slack and when the lower floor is reached make a double loop in the line, as shown in the sketch. Tightening up on the parts AA will bind the loop bight B, and an adjustable friction-hel
d loop, C, will be had for adjusting the bob accurately either up}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 or down. --Contributed by Chas. Herrman, New York City. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\sl-1\slmult0{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li360\ri0\lin360\rin0\fi-360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Drier for Footwear [229] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A drier for footwear can be readily made by a tinner, or anyone that can shape tin and solder. The drier con\-sists of a pipe of sufficient length to enter the long\-est boot leg. Its top is bent at right angles and the other end is riveted to a base, an inv
erted stew\-pan, for instance, in whose bottom a few perforations have been made to let air in. The boot or stocking to be dried is placed over the pipe and the whole set on a heated surface. The heat will cause a rapid circulation of air which will dry the
 article quickly. --Contributed by Wm. Roberts, Cambridge, Mass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1925\absh-1843\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert6657\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_mc17a198.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Repairing A Roller Shade [229]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very satisfactory repair can be made by using a good photographic paste to fasten a torn window shade to its roller. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Shot Scoop [230] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the ammunition department of our hardware store the shot was kept in regular square bins and dished out }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-4306\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert58497\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_160c97d4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Small Square Scoop Made of Tin for Dipping Up Shot Stored in a Square Bin }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 with a round-bottom scoop. This was very difficult, especially when the bot\-tom of the bin was nearly reached, as the round scoop would roll over them and only pick up a few at a time. To overcome this difficulty I constructed a square-shaped scoop that ga
ve entire satisfaction. The scoop can be used for other purposes as well. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A thick piece of tin, 6-1/4 by 9-3/4 in., was marked out as shown, the pattern being cut on the full lines and bent on the dotted ones. The strip for the handle was riveted to the end of the scoop. --Contributed by Geo. B. Wright, Middletown, Conn. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing Grease Stains from the Leaves of a Book [230] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Happening to get a grease spot on a page of a valuable book, I found a way to remove it without injury to the paper, which has been tried out several times with success. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi259\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Heat an iron and hold it as near as possible to the stain without discolor\-ing the paper, and the grease will disappear. If any traces of the grease are left, apply powdered calcined magnesia. Bone, well calcined and powdered, and plaster of Paris are also
 excellent absorbents of grease. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A beautifully bound book, and quite new, had oil from a lamp spilled over it. There was no quicklime to be had, so some bones were quickly calcined, pulverized and applied. The next morning there was no trace of oil, but only an odor which soon vanished.\- 
--Contributed by Paul Keller, Indian\-apolis, Ind. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Tightening Cane in Furniture [230] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Split cane, used as part of furniture, such as chair seats, often becomes loose and the threads of cane pull out. This can be prevented by sponging with hot water, or by applying steam\-ing cloths to the cane. This process also tightens the shreds of cane a
nd does not injure ordinary furniture. If the article is highly polished, care should be taken to prevent the hot water from coming in contact with any\-thing but the cane. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cleaner for a Stovepipe [230] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A long horizontal pipe for a stove soon fills with soot and must be cleaned. The usual method is to beat the pipe after taking it down to be cleaned, but a much better device for the purpose is shown in the sketch. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A scrub brush is procured and cut in two, the parts being hinged to a cross\-piece fastened to a long broom handle. The brushes are pressed outward against the inside surfaces of the pipe with a wire and spring, as shown. --\-Contributed by C. L. Herbert, Ch
icago, Illinois. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-1598\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert11329\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6c5c98f0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Mounting Photo Prints on Glass [231] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photograph prints can be mounted on glass with an adhesive made by soaking 1 oz. of sheet gelatine in cold water to saturation, then dissolving in 3-1/2 oz. of boiling water. Let the solu\-tion cool to about 110 deg. F., then im\-merse the print in it and sq
ueegee, face down, on a clear piece of glass. When dry, take a damp cloth or soft sponge and wipe off any surplus gelatine on the glass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Dropping Coins in a Glass Full of Water [231] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Take a glass and fill it to the brim with water, taking care that the sur\-face of the water is raised a little above the edge of the glass, but not running over. Place a number of nick\-els or dimes on the table near the glass and ask your spectators how ma
ny coins can be put into the water with\-out making it }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20overflow{\charscalex109 . }No {\charscalex109 doubt the reply will be that the water will run over before two coins are dropped in. But it is possi\-ble to put in ten or twelve of them. With a great deal of care the coins may be made to
 fall without disturbing the water, the surface of which will be\-come more and more convex before the water overflows. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1766\absh-2746\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14273\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3f64baa.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Hollow-Grinding Ice Skates [231]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch illustrates a practical method of clamping ice skates to hold them for grinding the small arc of a circle so much desired. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The U-shaped clamps are made of 3/4-in. soft steel with the opening 6 in. deep and 5 in. high and are bolted to a block of wood, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs202 {\charscalex109 in. thick, 6 in. wide and }12 {\charscalex109 in. long. The skate runner is a}djusted to the proper height by 1/2-in.. set and thumbscrews. The
 block }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3653\absh-3446\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40737\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6827ff0e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Skate Runner Fastened in Clamp }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 of wood holding the clamp and skate can be pushed along on the emery-\-wheel table in front of the revolving wheel. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If properly adjusted, a slight con\-cave or hollow can be made full length of the runner, true and uniform which will hold on the ice sideways and not retard the forward movement. --Con\-tributed by Geo. A. Howe, Tarrytown, New York. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Bicycle Coasting Sled [231] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying drawing and sketch illustrate a new type of coasting sled built on the bicycle principle. This coaster is simple and easy to make, says Scientific American. It is con\-structed of a good quality of pine. The pieces marked S are single, and 
should be about 1 by 1-1/2 in.; the pieces }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3149\absh-2045\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59809\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_75698f71.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Has the Lines of a Bicycle }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 marked D are double or in duplicate, and should be 1/2 by 1-1/2 in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3629\absh-4051\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56513\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2c8035e3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Coasting}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The run}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 ners are shod with iron and are pivoted to the uprights as shown, double pieces being secured to the uprights to make a fork. The seat is a board, to the un\-derside of which is a block, which drops down between the two top slats and is secured with 
a pin. A footrest is provided consisting of a short cross\-piece secured to the front of the frame and resting on the two lower slats. The frame and front fork are hinged together with four short eyebolts, E, with a short bolt through each pair as shown. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Spelling Names with Photo Letters [232] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There are, no doubt, many amateur photographers who make only occa\-sional trips afield or through the more traveled thoroughfares with their cameras during the winter months. Each one is generally interested in working up the negatives that he or she made 
during the summer or on that last va\-cation into souvenir post cards, albums and the like, for sending to friends. Il\-lustrated herewith is something differ\-ent from the album or photographic calendar. The letters forming part of the word POPULAR are good 
exam\-ples of this work. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The masks which outline the letters are cut from the black paper in which plates come packed. Their size de\-pends on the plate used. A sharp knife, a smooth board and a straightedge are all the tools needed, says Camera Craft. If the letters are all cut th
e same height, they will look remarkably uni\-form, even if one is not skilled in the work of forming them all in accord\-ance with the rules. Be sure to have the prints a little larger than the let\-ters to insure a sufficient margin in trimming, so as to ha
ve a white margin around the finished letters. The best method is to use a good pair of scissors or a sharp knife. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Many combinations can be made of these letter pictures to spell out the recipient's name or the season's greet\-ing. During the holidays the letters may be made from winter scenes to spell "A Merry Christmas" or "A Hap\-py New Year." An Easter greeting may h
ave more spring-like subjects and a birthday remembrance a fitting month. The prints are no more dif\-ficult to make than the ordinary kind. In cutting out an 0, for example, do not forget to cut out a piece to corre\-spond to the center. This piece can be }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 p
laced on the printing paper after the outline mask has been laid down, using care to get it in the right position, and closing the frame carefully so that the small piece will not be disturbed. The letters should be of the kind to give as large an area of 
surface to have as much of the picture show as possible. What the printer calls black face let\-ters are the most suitable. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7507\absh-2626\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_74781538.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Letters Made from photographs }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 By cutting the letters out of black paper in a solid form, and using these as a mask for a second printing after printing the full size of the negatives, these letter pictures can be made with a black border. So made, they can be trimmed to a uniform black
 line all around; and, mounted on a white card and photographed down to post card size, the greeting so spelled out makes a most unique souvenir. Another ap\-plication of the letters in copying is to paste them on a white card as before, trim the card even 
with the bottoms of the letters, stand the strip of card on a mirror laid flat on a table, and then photograph both the letters and their reflections so as to nicely fill a post card. Still another suggestion is to cut out the letters, after, pasting the p
rints on some thin card, and then arrange them in the desired order to spell out the name or greeting, but with flowers interspersed and forming a back\-ground, photographing them down to the desired size. A third means of se\-curing a novel effect by photog
raphing down an arrangement of the letters is to have them cut out in stiff form as in the last method; mount them on short pieces of corks, in turn fastened to a white card forming the background. So arranged, the letters will stand out from the card abou
t 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72\i\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. If they are now placed in a light falling from the side and slightly in front, each letter will cast a shadow upon the back\-ground, and in the finished print the letters will look as if suspended in the air in front of the surface of the card.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Holding a Loose Screw [233]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A piece of sheet lead put on each side of a screw will fill up and hold the threads in a too large hole. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Checker Board Puzzle [233] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place eight checker men upon the checker board as shown in the first row in the sketch. The puzzle is to get }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3864\absh-3907\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6e01b292.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Placing the Checkers }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 them in four piles of two men each without omitting to jump over two checker men every time a move is made. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The first move is to jump 5 over 4 and 3 on 2 which is shown in the second row, then jump 3 over 4 and 6 on 7 and the positions will appear as shown in the third row; jump 1 over 2 and 5 on 4 to get the men placed like the fourth row and the last move is t
o jump 8 over 3 and 7 on 6 which will make the four piles of two men each as shown in the fifth row.-Contributed by I. G. Bayley, Cape May Point, N.J. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Rabbit Trap [233]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_45db4e09.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rabbit in the Trap }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 A }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 good serviceable rabbit trap can be made by sinking a common dry goods box in the ground to within 6 in. of its top. A hole 6 or 7 in. square is cut in each end level with the earth's sur\-face and boxes 18 in. long that will just fit are set in, hung on 
pivots, with the longest end outside, so they will lie horizontal. A rabbit may now look through the two tubes, says the Ameri\-can Thresherman. The bait is hung on a string from the top of the large }{\charscalex110 box so that it may be seen and smelled from the outside. 
The rabbit naturally goes into the holes and in this trap there is nothing to awaken his suspi\-cion. He smells the bait, squeezes along past the center of the tube, when it tilts down and the game is shot into the pit, the tube righting itself at once for 
another catch. The top and sides of the large box may be covered with leaves, snow or anything to hide it. A door placed in the top will enable the trapper to take out the animals. By placing a little hay or other food in the bottom of the box the trap nee
d not be visited oftener than once a week. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Old-Time Magic - Changing a Button into a Coin [234] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi297\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place a button in the palm of the left hand, then place a coin between the second and third fingers of the right hand. Keep the right hand faced down and the left hand faced up, so as to conceal the coin and expose the button. With a quick motion bring the
 left hand under the right, stop quick and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-2467\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert53217\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m368c8d3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Making the Change}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the button will go up the right-hand coat sleeve. Press the hands together, }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 allowing the coin to drop into the left hand, then expose again, or rub the hands a little before doing so, saying that you are rubbing a button into a coin. --Contributed by L. E. Parker, Pocatello, Idaho. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Buttonhole Trick [234] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This trick is performed with a small stick having a loop attached that is too small for the stick to pass through. Spread out the string and place it each side of the buttonhole, then draw the cloth around the hole through the string until it is far enough
 to pass the stick through the hole. Pull back the cloth and you have the string looped in }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1886\absh-2818\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26561\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_54686c40.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the hole with a hitch the same as if the stick had been passed through the string. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The stick may be removed by pulling up the loop as if you were passing the stick through it, putting the stick in the hole and leaving the string on the outside, then spread the string, pulling up the cloth and passing the stick through the hole as before.
 --Contrib\-uted by Charles Graham, Pawtucket, Rhode Island.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Remove Paper from Stamps [234] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Old stamps as they are purchased usually have a part of the envelope from which they are taken sticking to them and in removing this paper many valuable stamps are torn or ruined. Place all the stamps that are stuck to pieces of envelopes in hot water and 
in a short time they can be separated without injury. Dry the stamps be\-tween two white blotters. Stamps re\-moved in this way will have a much better appearance when placed in an album. --Contributed by L. Szerlip, Brooklyn, N. Y. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 Imitation Arms and Armor {\charscalex117 PART I [235]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Genuine antique swords and armor, as used by the knights and soldiers in the days of old, are very expensive and at the present time practically impos\-sible to obtain. The accompanying illustration shows four designs of swords that anyone can make, and if 
carefully made, they will look very much like the genuine article. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The drawings are so plain that the amateur armorer should have very little difficul\-ty, if any, in building up his work from the illus\-trations, whether he re\-quires a single sword only, or a complete suit of armor, full size. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The pieces. or designs in this article are from authentic sources, says the English Mechanic, so that where names are given the amateur can so label them, and will thereby greatly add to their interest and value. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 An executioners' sword of the fifteenth century is shown in Fig. 1. The blade should be about 27 in. long with a handle of sufficient length to be grasped by both hands. The width of the blade near the handle is about 2-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72\i  }{\charscalex108 in., taper\-ing down to 1-1/2}{\charscalex72\i  }{\charscalex108 in.
 near the point end. Several ridges are cut around the handle to permit a firm grip. The cross guard is flat and about 1 in. in width. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Mark out the shape and size of the blade on a piece of wood 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, using a straightedge and a pencil, and allowing a few inches more in length on which to fasten the handle. Cut out the wood with a scroll saw or a key\-hole saw, trim the edges down 
thin and smooth both surfaces with fine sandpaper. The end for the handle is cut about 1 in. wide and 2 in. long. The cross guard is cut out and a hole made in the center through which to pass the handle end of the blade. The handle is next made, and if th
e amateur does not possess a lathe on which to turn the shape of the handle, the ridges around the wood may be imitated by gluing and tacking on pieces of small rope. The handle is then mortised to receive the 1 by 2-in. end of the blade. The cross guard i
s now glued and placed }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5083\absh-4574\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19137\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2f084b4f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex121 Fig. 1 \tab \tab Fig. 2 \tab \tab  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex116 Fig. 3 \tab \tab }{\charscalex121 Fig. 4 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 on the blade, then the hole in the handle is well glued with glue that is not too thick and quite hot. The blade with the cross guard is inserted in the handle and allowed to set. When the glue is thoroughly dry, remove the sur\-plus with a sharp knife and 
paint the handle with brown, dark red, or green oil paint. The blade is covered with tinfoil to give it the appearance of steel. Secure some pieces of tinfoil and cut one strip  1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72\i  }{\charscalex108 in. wider than the blade and the other 1/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. narrower. Quickly paint the
 blade well with thin glue on one side., then lay evenly and press on the narrow strip of tinfoil. Glue the other side of the blade, put on the wider strip of tinfoil and glue the overlapping edge and press it around and on the surface of the narrow strip.
 The cross guard must be covered with tinfoil in the same manner as the blade. When the whole is quite dry, wipe the blade with light strokes up and down several times, using a soft and dry piece of cloth. The sword is then ready to hang in its chosen plac
e as a deco\-ration, not for use only in cases of tableaux, for which this article will be especially useful to those who are ar\-ranging living pictures wherein swords and armor are part of the parapher\-nalia. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A Chinese scimitar is shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs202. {\charscalex108 The handle of this sword is oval and covered with plaited cord. In making this scimitar, follow the direc\-tions as for Fig. 1, except that the handle has to be covered with a round black cord. If it is found difficult
 to plait the cord on the handle as in the illustration, wind it around in a contin\-uous line closely together, and finish by fastening with a little glue and a small tack driven through the cord into the handle. The pommel is a circular piece of wood, 1/8}
{\charscalex74  }{\charscalex108 in. thick and 5 in. in diameter. The length of the handle, allowing for a good hold with both hands, should be about 9 in., the length of the blade }{\charscalex105 28 }{\charscalex108 in., the width near the pommel 1-1/2 in. and 3 in. in the widest part at the lower end. The sharp or cut
ting edge is only on the short side, the other is flat or half-round. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Turkish sabre of ancient manufac\-ture from Constantinople is shown in Fig. 3. The handle is painted a dull creamy white in imitation of ivory. The enamel paint sold in small tins will answer well for this purpose. The cross guard and blade are covered as
 described in Fig. 1. The sharp edge is on the longer curved side, the other is flat or half-round. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A two-handed sword used in the 14th and 15th centuries is shown in Fig. 4. This sword is about 68 in. long, has a cross guard and blade of steel with a round wood handle painted black. The ball or pommel on top of the handle is steel. Both edges of the bla
de are sharp. This sword is made in wood the same as described for Fig. 1. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Dovetail Joint Puzzle [236] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A simple but very ingenious example in joinery is illustrated. In the fin\-ished piece, Fig. 1, the dovetail appears on each side of the square stick of }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-3816\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26305\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m770677a8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 How the Joint Is Cut }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 wood, the illustration, of course, shows only two sides, the other two are identi\-cal. The joint is separable and each part is solid and of one piece. In mak\-ing, take two pieces of wood, prefer\-ably of contrasting colors, such as cherry and walnut or maho
gany and boxwood, about 1-1/2 in. square and of any length desired. Cut the dovetail on one end of each stick as shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs202, {\charscalex108 drive together and then plane off the triangular corners marked A. The end of each piece after the dove\-tails are cut appear a
s shown in Fig. 3, the lines marking the path of the dove\-tail through the stick. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Radiator Water [236]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Pure rain water is the best to use in a cooling system of an automobile en\-gine, as it is free from the mineral sub\-stances which are deposited in the ra\-diator, piping and jackets by hard }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20water.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Springboard for Swimmers [237]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good springboard adds much to the fun of swimming. The boards are generally made so that the plank will bend, being dressed down thin at one end and fastened. The thinness of the plank, or an insecure fas\-tening, causes many a plank to snap in two or com
e loose from its fas\-tenings in a short time. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch shows the method of constructing a spring\-board that does not depend upon the bending of the wood for its spring. It is made of a plank, 2 in. thick and from 14 to 16 ft. long, one end of which is secured with a hinge arrangement ha
ving a U-shaped rod whose ends are held with nuts. On each edge of the board, at the lower end, are fastened two pieces of strap iron, each about 1 ft. long and with the lower ends drilled to fit the hori\-zontal of the U-shaped rod. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a pair of light buggy springs from a discarded rig and attach them }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 to the ends of a square bar of iron hav\-ing a length equal to the width of the plank. Fasten this to the plank with bolts, as shown in the sketch. Should the springs be too high they can be moved forward. --Contributed by John Blake, Franklin, Mass. }
\par 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4666\absh-4531\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36257\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m14a96412.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Buggy Springs Used beneath the Board }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Taking Button from a Child's Nostril [237]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A three-year-old child snuffed a but\-ton up its nostril and the mother, in an attempt to remove it, had caused the button to be pushed farther up the channel. Doctors probed for the but\-ton without success. The distracted mother happened to think of snuff,
 and, as there was some at hand, took a pinch of snuff between the thumb and forefinger and held it close to the child's nose. The violent sneezing caused the button to be blown out. Such an accident may come under the observation of any parent, and if so,
 this method can be used to relieve the child when medical assistance is not at hand. --Contributed by Katharine D. Morse, Syracuse, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex108 Brass Frame in Repouss}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20\'e9{\charscalex108   [237]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Punches can be purchased, as can the pitch bed or block. Both can be made easily, however. Several punches of different sizes and shapes will be needed. A piece of mild steel, about 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex108 in. square, can be easily worked into tools shaped as desired. A cold 
chisel will be needed to cut the metal to length; a file to reduce the ends to shape, and a piece of emery paper to smooth and polish the end of the tool so that it will not scar the metal. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A small metal box must be secured to hold the pitch. The illustration shows an iron receptacle. The pitch is prepared by heating the following materials in these proportions: pitch, 5 lb.; plaster of Paris, 5 lb.; tallow, 1/2}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3864\absh-3926\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33793\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5592bf2b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Design for the Frame }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 lb. To put it in another way, use pitch and plaster in equal parts with 1/10 part tallow. See that the pitch and plaster are dry so that the moisture will not cause the pitch to boil over. Keep stirring the mass so that it never boils. Melt the pitch first
 and add the plaster by degrees. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 For a piece of repouss}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20\'e9{\charscalex107  such as the frame shown, secure a piece of brass of about No. 18 gauge. With carbon paper trace the design on the brass. Place the metal on the pitch bed and work over the outline of the design. Use the chisel-edged tool and try to 
}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3662\absh-3595\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34625\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2e0b500.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Working Out The Design}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 make the lines continuous. When this has been done, heat the pitch slightly }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and place the metal, design down, on the pitch, and with the raising punches work up the shape as desired after the pitch has hardened. When the desired form has been obtained, turn the metal over and "touch up" any places im\-properly raised. The metal wil
l proba\-bly be warped somewhat. To remedy this, place a board on the metal and pound until the metal assumes a flat shape again. Next drill a hole in the center waste and saw out for the open\-ing, using a small metal saw. Trim up the edges and file them sm
ooth. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Clean the metal thoroughly, using powdered pumice with lye. Cotton bat\-ting fastened to the end of a stick will make a good brush. Upon the cleansed metal put a lacquer to prevent tarnish\-ing. Metal clips may be soldered to the back to hold the picture in 
place and also a metal strip to hold the frame upright. These should be placed be\-fore the metal is lacquered.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Finding the Horsepower of Small Motors  [238]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A small motor often excites curi\-osity as to its true horsepower, or frac\-tion of a horsepower. Guesses in this direction vary remarkably for the same motor or engine. It is comparatively easy to determine the horsepower put out by almost any machine by th
e fol\-lowing method which is intended for small battery motors and small steam }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex107 engines. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Before giving the description, it may be well to know what horsepower means. Horsepower is the rate of work and a unit is equal to 33,000 ft. lb. per minute, or 550 ft. lb. per second. That is lifting 33,000 lb. 1 ft. in one minute or 550 lb. 1 ft. in one 
second. This may be applied to the problem of finding the horsepower of a motor by fastening a piece of twine about 25 ft. long to the shaft of the engine or motor to be tested in such a way that when the shaft revolves it will wind up the string similar t
o a windlass. Place the motor in such a position that the twine will hang freely without touching anything: out of a high window will do. Fasten a weight to the other end of the line as heavy as the motor or engine can lift and still run. It must weigh eno
ugh to slow the power down a little, but not to stop it. Mark the position of the weight and start the motor, at the same time ac\-curately measuring time in minutes and seconds it takes to lift the weight from the lowest point to the highest. Next measure 
accurately the distance in feet covered by the weight in its ascent and obtain the correct weight in pounds of the weight. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Multiply the weight by the distance covered and divide the result by the number of minutes or fraction of a minute obtained and divide this last result by 33,000 and the quotient will be the horsepower of the motor or engine. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Perhaps an illustration will make this solution much plainer. Suppose the motor will lift a weight of 1 lb. and still revolve, 30 ft. in 10 seconds or 1/6 of a minute. Multiplying 1 by 30 we get 30, which divided by 1/6 gives 180. This in turn divided by 3
3,000 equals in round numbers 1/200 part of a horsepower. --Contributed by Harold H. Cutter. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Illusion for Window Attraction [239] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gold fish and canary birds, living to\-gether in what seems like one recepta\-cle, make an unusual show window attraction. Secure two glass vessels having straight sides of the same height, one 18 in. in diameter (Fig. 1) and the other 12 in. in diameter (Fi
g. 2). The smaller is placed within the larger, the bottoms being covered with moss and aquarium decorations which can be purchased at a bird store. Fill the 3-in. space between the vessels with water. Cut a piece of galvanized screen into circular form to
 cover the larger vessel, and hang a bird swing, A, Fig. 3, in the center. Place the screen on top of the vessels so that the swing will hang in the center of the inner ves\-sel. A weight--a box filled with sand will do--should be placed on top of the scree
n, over the smaller vessel, to keep it from floating. Moss should be put over the top of the screen so that the two separate vessels can not be seen. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3677\absh-2333\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40257\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_76a1ea4f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tqc\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab 18 in. Diameter\tab 12 in. Diameter}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 1\tab \tab \tab Fig. 2}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex140\tqc\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3658\absh-2573\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35073\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2ee199ec.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex140{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig.3 \tab \tab \tab Fig.4 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Birds and Fish Apparently Together }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Place the birds in the inner vessel and the fish in the water. The effect is surprising. To complete the effect and aid the illusion the vessels can be set in a box lined with black velvet, or on a pedestal. --Contributed by J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex107 F. Campbell, Somerville, Mas
s. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cleaner for White Shoes [239] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Finely ground whiting mixed with water to the consistency of paste makes a very good coating for white shoes. A brush can be used in apply\-ing the mixture which will dry in a few minutes. It is best to mix only as much paste as required for immediate use. 
--Contributed. by L. Szerlip, Brooklyn, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Crossing Belt Laces [239]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Belt laces should never cross on the side next to the pulley as they will cut themselves in two. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Candlestick Holder [240] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A candlestick of very simple con\-struction and design can be made as follows: Secure a piece of brass or }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3610\absh-1877\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40289\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1af66d14.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Candle Holder Complete }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 copper of No. 23 gauge of a size suf\-ficient to make the pieces detailed in the accompanying sketch. A riveting hammer and a pair of pliers will be needed, also a pair of tin shears and a piece of metal upon which to rivet. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Cut out a piece of metal for the base to a size of  5-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82  }{\charscalex109 by 5-1/2}{\charscalex82  }{\charscalex109 in. Trim the sharp corners off slightly. Draw a pencil line all around the margin and 5/8}{\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. away from the edge. With the pliers shape the sides as shown in the illustration. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Next lay out the holding cup accord\-ing to the plan of development shown, and cut out the shape with the shears. Polish both of these pieces, using any of the common metal polishes. Rivet the cup to the base, and then, with the pliers, shape the sides as s
hown in the photograph. The manner of making and fas\-tening the handle is clearly illustrated. Use a file to smooth all the cut edges so that they will not injure the hands. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In riveting, care should be taken to round up the heads of the rivets nicely as a good mechanic would. Do not be content merely to bend them over. This rounding is easily accomplished by striking around the rivets' outer cir\-cumference, keeping the center 
high. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good lacquer should be applied after the parts have been properly cleaned and polished, to keep the metal from tarnishing. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4704\absh-2563\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39041\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6058f52.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Candle Holder }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Duplicator [240]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The usual gelatine pad, which is the principal part of the average hecto\-graph or duplicator, is, as a rule, un\-satisfactory, as it is apt to sour and mold in the summer and freeze in the winter, which, with other defects, often render it useless after a f
ew months service. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A compound that is almost inde\-structible is the preparation sold at art stores as modeling clay. This clay is as easily worked as a putty and is spread into the tray, which may be of wood or tin, and the surface leveled by pounding with a mallet or hammer
, then by drawing a straightedge over it. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The surface of the pad is now sat\-urated with pure glycerine. This is poured upon the surface after it is slightly warmed, covering the same and then laying a cloth over the pad and allowing it to stand long enough for the clay to absorb the glycerine, aft
er which it is ready for use. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The original copy is written with a copying pencil or typewritten through a hectograph ribbon. A sheet of newspaper is laid upon the pad and a round stick or pencil is passed over it to make the surface level and smooth. Remove the newspaper and place the 
original copy face down on the leveled surface and smooth it out in the same way so that every part touches the pad. Remove the copy in about five minutes and place the clean sheets of paper one after another on the surface and remove them. From 50 to }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex87 75 }{\charscalex109 c
opies of the original can be made in a short time. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This compound is impervious to water, so the negative print is removed by simply washing with a damp sponge, the same as removing writing from a slate. This makes it possible to place another original on the pad immediately without waiting for the ink to v
anish by chemical action as in the original hectograph. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The action of the weather has no effect upon this compound and it is proof against accident, for the tray may be dropped and the pad dented or cut into pieces, and the clay can be pressed back and leveled. The only caution is to keep it covered with a clot
h saturated in glycerine while not in use. --Contributed by A. A. Hough\-ton, Northville, Mich.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Paper-Clip Bookmark [241]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The combination of a paper clip and a calling card makes a good bookmark. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2510\absh-2242\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40129\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7fd275b0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  The clip and card can be kept to\-gether by piercing the card and bend\-ing the ends of the wire to stick through the holes. The clip is attached to a page as shown in the sketch. --Contributed by Thos. DeLoof, Grand Rapids, Mich.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Aerating Water in a Small Tank [241] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi180\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A simple way of producing air pres\-sure sufficient to aerate water is by the use of a siphon as shown in Fig. 1. The siphon is made of glass tubes, the longer pieces being bent on one end as shown. The air receiver and regulat\-ing device are attached to th
e top end of the lower tube, as shown in Fig. 2. The receiver or air inlet is the most important part. It is made of a glass tube, 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. in diameter and 5 in. long. A hole is filed or blown through one side of the glass for the admission of air. The ends
 of the smaller glass tubes are passed through corks having a diameter to fit the ends of this larger tube. The ends of these tubes should be so adjusted that the continuous drops of water from the upper will fall into the tube below. The succes\-sion of ai
r bubbles thus imprisoned are driven down the tube and into the tank below. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The regulator is placed in the tube or siphon above the air receiver. Its purpose is to retard the flow of water from the siphon above and make it drop rapidly. It consists of a rubber connecting tube with two flat pieces of wood clamped over the center an
d ad\-justed with screws. The apparatus is started by clamping the rubber tube tightly and then exhausting the air in the siphon tube, then placing the end in the upper reservoir and releasing the clamp until the water begins to drop. If the reservoir is ke
pt filled from the tank, the device will work for an indefinite time. --Contributed by John T. Dunlop, Shettleston, Scotland. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-4819\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert37537\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1f447e79.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114\tx801\tx2625{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 FIG.1 \tab FIG.2 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Forcing Air Through Water }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Imitation Arms and Armor-Part II [242] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Imitation swords, stilettos and battle-\-axes, put up as ornaments, will look well if they are arranged on a shield which is hung high up on a wall of a room or hall, says the English }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3682\absh-3538\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36609\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1ef86711.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex118 FIG 1 \tab FIG }{\charscalex131 2 \tab }{\charscalex118 FIG 3 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Three Fifteenth Century Swords }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Mechanic, London. The following de\-scribed arms are authentic designs of the original articles. A German sword of the fifteenth century is shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 1. }{\charscalex106 This sword is 4 ft. long with the crossguard and blade of steel. The imitation sword is made of wood
 and covered with tinfoil to produce the steel color. The shape of the sword is marked out on a piece of wood that is about 1/8}{\charscalex69  }{\charscalex106 in. thick with the aid of a straightedge and pencil, allowing a little extra length on which to fasten the handle. Cut the sword
 out with a saw and make both edges thin like a knife blade and smooth up with sand\-paper. The extra length for the handle is cut about 1 in. in width and 2 in. long. The handle is next carved and a mortise cut in one end to receive the handle end of the b
lade. As the handle is to represent copper, the ornamentations can be built up of wire, string, small rope and round-headed nails, the whole finally having a thin coat of glue worked over it with a stiff bristle brush and finished with bronze paint. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The crossbar is flat and about 1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex154\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. in width. Cut this out of a piece of wood and make a center hole to fit over the extra length on the blade, glue and put it in place. Fill the hole in the handle with glue and put it on the blade. When the glue is thoro
ughly dry, remove all the surplus with a sharp knife. Sheets of tinfoil are secured for covering the blade. Cut two strips of tinfoil, one about 1/2}{\charscalex80\i  }{\charscalex106 in. wider than the blade and the other 1/4}{\charscalex55\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. narrower. Quickly cover one side of the blade with a thin co
at of glue and evenly lay on and press down the narrow strip of tinfoil. Stick the wider strip on the other side in the same way, allowing equal margin of tinfoil to overlap the edges of the blade. Glue the overlap\-ping edges and press them around on the s
urface of the narrow strip. The crossguard must be covered in the same manner as the blade. When the whole is quite dry, wipe the blade up and down several times with light strokes using a soft rag. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sword shown in Fig. 2 is a two-handed Swiss sword about 4 ft. in length, sharp on both edges with a handle of dark wood around which is wound spirally a heavy piece of brass or copper wire and held in place with round-headed brass nails. The blade and 
crossbar are in imitation steel. The projecting ornament in the center of the crossguard may be cut from heavy pasteboard and bent into shape, then glued on the blade as shown. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 In Fig. 3 is shown a claymore, or Scottish sword of the fifteenth century. This sword is about 4 ft. long and has a wood handle bound closely around with heavy cord. The crossbar and blade are steel, with both edges sharp. A German poniard is shown in Fig.
 4. This weapon is about 1 ft. long, very broad, with wire or string' bound handle, sharp edges on both sides. An\-other poniard of the fourteenth century is shown in Fig. 5. This weapon is also about 1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex145\f4  }{\charscalex106 ft. long with wood handle and steel embossed blade. A 
sixteenth century German poniard is shown in Fig. 6. The blade and ornamental }{\charscalex107 crossbar is of steel, with both edges of the blade sharp. The handle is of wood. A German stiletto, sometimes called cuirass breakers, is shown in Fig. 7. This stiletto has a woo
d handle, steel crossbar and blade of steel with both edges sharp. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 In Fig. 8 is shown a short-handled flail, which is about 2-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex80  }{\charscalex107 ft. long with a dark handle of wood, studded with brass or steel nails. A steel band is placed around the handle near the top. The imitation of the steel band is made by gluing a piece of tinfo
il on a strip of cardboard and tacking it to the handle. A large screw-eye is screwed into the top of the handle. The spiked ball may be made of wood or clay. Cover the ball with some pieces of linen, firmly glued on. When dry, paint it a dark brown or bla
ck. A large screw-eye must be inserted in this ball, the same as used on the end of the handle, and both eyes connected with a small piece of rope twisted into shape. The rope is finished by covering with tinfoil. Some short and heavy spike-\-headed nails a
re driven into the ball to give it the appearance shown in the illustration. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A Russian knout is shown in Fig. 9. The lower half of the handle is of wood, the upper part iron or steel, which can be imitated by covering a piece of wood that is properly shaped with tinfoil. The whole handle can be made of wood in one piece, the lower 
part painted black and the upper part covered with tinfoil. A screw-eye is screwed into the upper end. A length of real iron or steel chain is used to connect the handle with the ball. The ball is made as de\-scribed in Fig. 8. The spikes in the ball are ab
out 1 in. in length. These must be cut from pieces of wood, leav\-ing a small peg at the end and in the center about the size of a No.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105\i\f4  }{\charscalex107 20 spike. The pegs are glued and inserted into holes drilled into the ball. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In Fig. 10 is shown a Sclavonic horseman's battle-axe which has a handle of wood painted dark gray or light brown; the axe is of steel. The blade is cut from a piece of 1/4-in. wood with a keyhole saw. The round part is made thin and sharp on the edge. The
 thick hammer side of the axe is built up to the necessary thickness to cover  the handle by gluing on pieces of wood the same thickness as used for the blade, and gradually shaping off to the middle of the axe by the use of a chisel, finishing with sandpa
per and covering with tinfoil. Three large, round-headed brass or iron nails fixed into the front side of the handle will complete the axe. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 At the beginning of the sixteenth century horseman's battle-axes shaped as shown in Fig. 11 were used. Both handle and axe are of steel. This axe is made similar to the one described in Fig. 10. When the woodwork is finished the handle and axe are covered 
with tinfoil.}
\par 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-3235\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36641\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_107261df.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ancient Weapons }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex111 How to Make a Round Belt Without }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex116 Ends [243] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very good belt may be made by laying several strands of strong cord, such as braided fishline, together as shown in Fig. 1 and wrapping them as }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3576\absh-1339\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert37345\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1f7a1834.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Method of Forming the Belt }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 shown in Fig. 2. When wrapped all the way around, the ends are tied and cut off. This will make a very good flexible belt; will pull where other belts slip, and as the tension members are all protected from wear, will last until the wrapping member is worn
 through without being weakened. --Contributed by E. W. Davis, Chicago. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex107 Old-Time Magic - }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex115 The Growing Flower [244]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This trick is performed with a wide-\-mouthed jar which is about 10 in. high. If an earthen jar of this kind is not at hand, use a glass fruit jar and cover it with black cloth or paper, so the contents cannot be seen. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-3638\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59297\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_15f03dd7.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flower Grows Instantly }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two pieces of wire are bent as shown in Fig. 1 and put together as in Fig. 2. These wires are put in the jar, about one-third the way down from the top, with the circle centrally located. The wires can be held in place by carefully bending the ends, or usi
ng small wedges of wood. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut a wire shorter in length than the height of the jar and tie a rose or several flowers on one end. Put a cork in the bottom of the jar and stick the opposite end of the wire from where the flowers are tied through the circle of the two wires and into th
e cork. The dotted lines in Fig. 3 show the position of the wires and flowers. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make the flowers grow in an in\-stant, pour water into the jar at one side of the wide mouth. The cork will float and carry the wire with the flowers attached upward, causing the flowers to grow, apparently, in a few seconds' time. Do not pour in too muc
h water to raise the flowers so far that the wire will be seen. --Contributed by A. S. Macdonald, Oakland, Calif. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Water and Wine Trick [244]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This is an interesting trick based on the chemical properties of acids and alkalies. The materials needed are:  One glass pitcher, filled with water, four glass tumblers, an acid, an alkali and some phenolphthalein solution which can be obtained from your 
local drug\-gist. Before the performance, add a few drops of the phenolphthalein to the water in the pitcher and rub a small quantity of the alkali solution on the sides of two of the tumblers and repeat, only using as large a quantity of the acid as will e
scape notice on the re\-maining tumblers. Set the tumblers so you will know which is which and pro\-ceed as follows: Take hold of a pre\-pared tumbler with the left hand and pour from the pitcher, held in the right hand, some of the liquid. The liquid turned 
into the glass will become red like wine. Set this full tumbler aside and take the pitcher in the left hand and pour some of the liquid in one of the tumblers containing the acid as it is held in the right hand. There will be no change in color. Repeat bot
h parts in the same order then begin to pour the liquids contained in the tumblers back into the pitcher in the order reversed and the excess of acid will neutralize the alkali and cause it to lose its color and in the end the pitcher will contain a colorl
ess liquid. -Contributed by Kenneth Weeks, Bridgeton, N.J.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cheap Nails are Expensive [244]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The life of iron shingle nails is about 6 years. An iron nail cannot be used again in putting on a new roof. Solid zinc nails last forever and can be used as often as necessary. As zinc is much lighter than iron, the cost of zinc nails is only about 2-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex67  }
{\charscalex107 times that of iron nails. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cutting Lantern Slide Masks [245] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It has long been a puzzle to me why round cornered masks are almost in\-variably used for lantern slides, when most works of art are included within rectangu\-lar spaces, says a correspond\-ent of Photo Era. Certainly the present commer\-cial masks are in very
 poor taste. The worker who wishes to make the most of every slide will do well to cut his own masks, not only be\-cause of the fact just men\-tioned, but also because he can suit the size of the opening to the require\-ments of each slide. Slides can be work
s of art just as much as prints; so that masking a slide be\-comes just as important as trimming a print, and equally worthy of individ\-ual treatment. It is folly to give each slide a mask opening of uniform size and shape. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When many slides are to be masked, it becomes tedious work to treat each one separately, unless some special de\-vice is used. The accompanying draw\-ing shows a way to mark masks which is simple, practical and costs nothing. The drawing is exactly lantern s
lide size. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lay the slide over such a guide and note the size of the opening best suited to the picture. This will be de\-termined by the intersection of the ruled lines, which are numbered for convenience in working. If the size wanted is No. 4 for width and No. 2}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 for height, place the guide over a piece of black mask paper and prick through the proper intersections with the point of a pin. This outlines the desired opening, which may then be cut out easily with a knife and straight edge. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The black paper from plate boxes and film rolls is excellent for making masks. It should be cut up in pieces 3-1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex87  }{\charscalex108 by 4 in. and kept ready for use at any time. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5885\absh-5131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59329\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6e38cea1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Form for Marking Out Rectangular Lantern Slide Masks }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Relieving the Weight of a Talking \-Machine Reproducer [245]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Too loud reproduction from a rec\-ord, the scratching noise sometimes heard and the forcing of the needle into a soft record, because the exten\-sion arm and reproducer are too heavy, can be remedied in the following man\-ner: Attach a small ring to the under
 side of the horn and use a rubber band to lift the extending arm slightly. --\-Contributed by W. A. Jaquythe, Rich\-mond, Cal. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex113 How to }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex108 Make a Thermometer Back in Etched Copper [246] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Etching copper is not a very difficult process. Secure a sheet of No. 16 gauge copper of the width and length }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3046\absh-5614\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59361\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1e779f83.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Copper Thermometer Holder }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 wanted for the back of the thermom\-eter. In the design shown the extreme width is 3-1/2{\charscalex84  }in. and the extreme length 7 in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Draw a design. The one shown is merely suggestive. The worker may change the outline or proportions as desired. The decoration, too, may be changed. The essential thing is to keep a space upon which to place the thermometer. This design is in what is known
 as two-part symmetry. A line is drawn down the paper and one-half of the outline and decoration worked out. This done, the paper is folded along the center line, a piece of carbon paper is inserted between the folds and the design transferred on the inner
 surfaces by tracing with a pencil over  the half of the outline previously drawn. Trace the design and outline upon the metal, using the carbon paper. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut out the outline with metal shears and file the edges smooth. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With a small brush and ordinary asphaltum or black varnish, paint the design, the margin and the entire back of the metal. When this coat has dried put on a second and then a third. The asphaltum is to keep the acid into which the metal is to be immersed l
ater from eating any part of the metal but the background. Two coats or more are needed to withstand the ac\-tion of the acid. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The acid bath is composed of nitric acid and water, about half and half, or, possibly, a little less acid than water, the mixture being made by pouring the acid into the water, not the water into the acid, which is dangerous. Keep this solution off the han
ds and clothes, and do not inhale the fumes. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Put the asphalt-coated metal in the bath and allow it to remain for four or five hours, depending upon the thick\-ness of the metal and the strength of the acid. With a stick, or a pair of old tongs, take the metal out of the acid occasionally and examine i
t to see how deep the acid has eaten it\emdash 1/32 in. is about right for the No. 16 gauge. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When etched to the desired depth, remove the piece and with an old knife' scrape off the asphaltum. Finish the cleaning by scrubbing with turpentine and a brush having stiff bristles. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the metal is first covered with turpentine and then heated over a flame, all the colors of the rainbow will appear on its surface. These colors fade away in the course of a long time, but they can be easily revived. An\-other way to get these colors is t
o heat the metal and then plunge it into the acid bath quickly. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 A green finish is obtained by paint\-ing the background with an acid stain composed as follows: 1 part ammonia muriate; 3 parts ammonia carbonate; 24 parts water. If one coat does not give the depth of color desired, repeat {\charscalex107 as many times as is necessary, al
low\-ing each coat time to dry before apply\-ing the next.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To "fix" this color so that it will not rub off, and to keep the metal from tar\-nishing, apply a coat of banana oil or lacquer. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Thermometers of suitable size can be bought in either brass or nickel. They have holes through their top and bottom ends through which metal pa\-per fasteners can be inserted, and these in turn put through holes punched in the copper back. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Make an Electric Piano [247]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Make or buy a table, about 3 ft. long and 1 ft. or more wide, and about 2-1/2 ft. high. Nail a board, A, Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 1, }{\charscalex107 about 8 in. wide and of the same length as the table, to the table, as shown in the illustration. Paint the table any color desired. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Purchase a dozen or so battery elec\-tric bells (they are cheaper if bought by the dozen) and screw them to the board, as in Fig. 2. Arrange the bells in the scale shown at B, Fig. 2. Bore two holes near the posts of each bell for the wires to pass through.
 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Buttons for the bells may be purchased, but it is cheaper to make them in the following way: Take a piece of  wood and cut it round, about 2-1/2 in. in diameter and 1/4 in. thick, Fig. 3, and bore two holes, C and D, through it. Then get two posts, about 1
 in. long, (battery posts will do) and put them through the holes as in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 4. }{\charscalex107 Cut out a piece of tin, 3/8}{\charscalex71  }{\charscalex107 in. wide, punch a hole through it and put in under post E, so that when it is pressed down, it will touch post F. It may be either nailed or screwed
 down. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6907\absh-4306\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert58497\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m46e7cd69.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 How the Electric Piano is Constructed }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Make two holes in the table for each button and its wires, as at H, Fig. 2. Nail or screw the buttons to the table, as shown in Fig. 5, with the wires un\-derneath. The connections are simple: I, Fig. 5, is a wire running from one end of the table to the ot
her end, at\-tached to a post at each end; J}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex88  }{\charscalex107 is an\-other wire attached in the same way; L is the carbon wire running from the batteries to I; M is the zinc wire run\-ning from the batteries to wire J;}{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex107 0 indicates the batteries; P is a wire run\-ning from J to
 one post of a button; Q is another wire running from the other post of the button to one of the posts of the bell; R is a wire running from I to one post of the bell. When the but\-ton S is pressed, the bell will ring. Each button should be connected with 
its bell in the same way. --Contributed by Vincent de Ybarrondo. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 Imitation Arms and Armor - {\charscalex110 PART III [248] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Maces and battle-axes patterned after and made in imitation of the ancient weapons which were used from the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7550\absh-5414\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert38593\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5019902c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ancient Weapons}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 fourteenth to the sixteenth century produce fine ornaments for the hall or den, says the English Mechanic. The imitation articles are made of wood, the steel parts represented by tinfoil stuck on with glue and the ornaments carved out with a carving tool. 
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An English mace used about the mid\-dle of the fifteenth century is shown in Fig. 1. The entire length of this weapon is about 24 in.; the handle is round with a four-sided sharp spike ex\-tending out from the points of six tri\-angular shaped wings. Cut the 
handle and spike from one piece of wood and glue the wings on at equal distances apart around the base of the spike. The two bands or wings can be made by gluing two pieces of rope around the handle and fastening it with tacks. These rings can be carved ou
t, but they are somewhat difficult to make. After the glue is dry, remove all the surplus that has been pressed out from the joints with the point of a sharp knife blade and then sandpaper the surface of the wood to make it smooth. Secure some tinfoil to c
over the parts in imitation of steel. A thin coat of glue is quickly applied to the surface of the wood and the tinfoil laid on evenly so there will be no wrinkles and without making any more seams than is necessary. The entire weapon, handle and all, is t
o appear as steel. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 An engraved iron mace of the fif\-teenth century is shown in Fig. 2. This weapon is about 22 in. long, mounted with an eight-sided or octagonal head. It will be easier to make this mace in three pieces, the octagonal head in one piece and the handle in two 
parts, so that the circular shield shown at the lower end of the handle can be easily placed between the parts. The circular piece or shield can be cut from a piece of wood about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. thick. The circle is marked out with a compass. A hole is made throug
h the center for the dowel of the two handle parts when they are put together. A wood peg about 2 in. long serves as the dowel. A hole is bored in the end of both handle pieces and these holes well coated with glue, the wood peg in\-serted in one of them, t
he shield put on in place and handle parts put to\-gether and left for the glue to set. The head is fastened on the end of the handle with a dowel in the same man\-ner as putting the handle parts to\-gether. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The head must have a pattern sketched upon each side in pencil marks, such as ornamental scrolls, leaves, flowers, etc. These ornaments must be carved out to a depth of about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. with a sharp carving tool. If such a tool is not at hand, or the amateur 
cannot use it well, an excellent substitute will be found in using a sharp-pointed and red-hot poker, or pieces of heavy wire heated to burn out the pattern to the desired depth. The handle also has a scroll to be engraved. When the whole is finished and c
leaned }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7618\absh-4176\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert7905\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2a3e6d64.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex50\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Battle Axes of the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex111 Up, i}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 t is covered with tinfoil in imita\-tion of steel. The tinfoil should be applied carefully, as before mentioned,  and firmly pressed into the engraved parts with the finger tips or thumb. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A French mace used in the sixteenth century is shown in Fig. 3. This weapon is about 22 in. long and has a wood handle covered with dark red cloth or velvet, the lower part to have a gold or red silk cord wound around it, as shown, the whole handle finishe
d off with small brass-headed nails. The top has six ornamental carved wings which are cut out, fastened on the handle and covered with tinfoil, as de\-scribed in Fig. 2. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Figure 4 shows a Morning Star which is about 26 in. long. The spiked ball and the four-sided and sharp-\-pointed spike are of steel. The ball may be made of clay or wood and cov\-ered with tinfoil. The spikes are cut out of wood, sharp-pointed and cone\--shap
ed, the base having a brad to stick into the ball. The wood spikes are also covered with tinfoil. The handle is of steel imitation, covered in the middle with red cloth or velvet and studded with large-headed steel nails. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A war hammer of the fifteenth cen\-tury is shown in Fig. 5. Its length is about 3 ft. The lower half of the handle is wood. covered with red velvet, with a golden or yellow cord wound spirally over the cloth. The upper half of the handle is steel, also, the
 hammer and spike. The entire handle should be made of one piece, then the hammer put on the base of the spike. The spike made with a peg in its lower end and well glued, can be firmly placed in position by the peg fit\-ting in a hole made for its reception
 in the top of the handle. Finish up the steel parts with tinfoil. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The following described weapons can be constructed of the same mate\-rials and built up in the same way as described in the foregoing articles: A horseman's short-handled battle-axe, used at the end of the fifteenth century, is shown in Fig. 6. The handle i
s of wood and the axe in imitation steel. Figure 7 shows an English horseman's battle-axe used at the beginning of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The handle and axe both are to be shown in steel. A German foot soldier's poleaxe used, at the end of the fourt
eenth century is shown in Fig. 8. The handle is made of dark wood and the axe covered with tinfoil. Figure 9 shows an English foot soldier's jedburgh axe of the six\-teenth century. The handle is of wood, studded with large brass or steel nails. The axe is 
shown in steel. All of these axes are about the same length. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Playing Baseball with a Pocket Knife [250] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An interesting game of baseball can be played by two persons with a com\-mon pocket knife on a rainy day or in }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7526\absh-2861\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22753\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4f70632a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Positions of the Knife Indicate the Plays }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the winter time when the regular game cannot be played outdoors. The knife is opened and loosely stuck into a board, as in Fig. 1, and with a quick }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 upward movement of the forefinger it is thrown into the air to fall and land in one of the positions shown. The plays are determined by the position of the knife after the fall. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A foul ball is indicated by Fig. 2, the knife resting on its back. The small blade sticking in the board which holds the handle in an upright position, as shown in Fig. 3, calls for a home run. Both blades sticking in the board (Fig. 4), a three-base hit. 
A two-base hit is made when the large blade sticks in the board, Fig. 5. A one-base hit is se\-cured when the large blade and the end of the handle touch the board as in Fig. 6. The knife falling on its side (Fig. 7) calls for one out. Each person plays unt
il three outs have been made, then the other plays, and so on for nine innings. --Contributed by Herbert Hahn, Chicago. }
\par 
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Remove Paper Stuck to a Negative [250]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 When making photographic prints from a negative, sometimes a drop of moisture will cause the print to stick to the gelatine film on the glass. Re\-move as much of the paper as can be readily torn off and soak the negative in a fresh hypo bath of 3 or 4 oz. 
hypo to 1 pt. of water for an hour or two. Then a little gentle rubbing with the finger-not the finger nail will remove anything adhering to the film. It may be found that the negative is not colored. If it is spotted at all, the nega\-tive must be washed f
or a few minutes and placed in a combined toning and }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 fixing bath, which will remove the spots in a couple of hours. The nega\-tive must be well washed after going through the solutions to take away any trace of hypo. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex109 Old-Time Magic - }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex108 A Sack Trick [251]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The magician appears accompanied by his assistant. He has a sack similar to a meal bag only on a large scale. The upper end of this bag is shown in Fig. 1, with the rope laced in the cloth. He then selects several people from the audience as a committee to
 examine the sack to see that there is absolutely no deception whatever in its makeup. When they are satisfied that the bag or sack is all right, the magician places his assistant inside and drawing the bag around him he allows the committee to tie him up 
with as many knots as they choose to make, as shown in Fig. 2. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bag with its occupant is placed in a small cabinet which the committee surround to see that there is no outside help. The magician then takes his watch and shows the audience that in less than 30 seconds his assistant will emerge from the cabinet with 
the sack in his hand. This he does, the sack is again examined and found to be the same as when it was first seen. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-4728\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert13537\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5d9924ea.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sack Trick-Holding the Rope Inside the Bag }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The solution is when the assistant enters the bag he pulls in about 15 in. of the rope and holds it, as shown in Fig. 3, while the committee is tying him up. As soon as he is in the cabinet he merely lets out the slack thus mak\-ing enough room for his body
 to pass through. When he is out of the bag he quickly unties the knots and then steps from his cabinet.-Contributed by J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex109 F. Campbell, Somerville, Mass. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex115\b The Invisible Light [251] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The magician places two common wax candles on a table, one of them burning brightly, the other without a light. Members of the audience are allowed to inspect both the table and the candles. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The magician walks over to the burn\-ing candle, shades the light for a few }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 seconds, turns to the audience with his hands a few inches apart, showing that there is nothing between them, at the same time saying that he has a light between his hands, invisible to them (the audience), with which he is going to light the other candle.
 He then walks over to the other candle, and, in plain sight of the audience lights the candle apparently with nothing. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In reality the magician has a very fine wire in his hand which he is heat\-ing while he bends over the lighted candle, and the audience gaze on and see nothing. He turns to the other candle and touches a grain of phos\-phorus that has been previously con\-cea
led in the wick with the heated wire, thus causing it to light. --Contributed by C. Brown, New York City. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Using the Sun's Light in a Magic Lantern [251] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The light furnished with a small magic lantern does very well for even\-ing exhibitions, but the lantern can be used in the daytime with good results by directing sunlight through the lens instead of using the oil lamp. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 A window facing the sun is selected }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 and the shade is drawn almost down, the remaining space being covered by a piece of heavy paper. A small hole is }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3749\absh-1445\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert38657\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_63c4bf69.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 cut in the paper and the lantern placed on a table in front of the hole, the lamp having been removed and the back opened. The lantern must be arranged so that the lens will be on a horizontal line with the hole in the paper. A mir\-ror is then placed just 
outside of the window and at such an angle that the beam of light is thrown through the hole in the paper and the lens of the lantern. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The shades of the remaining win\-dows are then drawn and the lantern is operated in the usual way. --Contrib\-uted by L. B. Evans, Lebanon, Ky.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Handy Drill Gauge [252] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The accompanying sketch shows a simple drill gauge which will be found very handy for amateurs. The gauge consists of a piece of hard wood, 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, with a width and length that will be suitable for the size and number of drills you have on hand. Dri
ll a hole through the wood with each drill you have and place a screw eye in one end to be used as a hanger. When you want to drill a hole for a pipe, bolt, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3821\absh-1003\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert55201\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_167f3772.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Drill Gauge }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 screw, etc., you take the gauge and find what size drill must be used in drilling the hole.-Contributed by Andrew G. Thome, Louisville, Ky. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Stove Polish [252]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good stove polish can be made by mixing together 1 lb. of plumbago, 4 oz. of turpentine, 4 oz. of water and 1 oz. of sugar. Mix well and apply with a cloth or brush. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Daniell Cell [252]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An effective Daniell galvanic cell may be constructed from material cost\-ing very little money. A common tin tomato can with a copper wire soldered to the top forms the jar and positive electrode. A piece of discarded stove zinc rolled into an open cylinde
r of about 1-1/2-in. diameter, 5 in. long, with a copper wire soldered at one end forms the negative electrode. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make the porous cell, roll a piece of heavy brown wrapping paper, or blotting paper, into a tube of several thicknesses, about 5 in. long with an internal diameter of 2 in. Tie the paper firmly to prevent unrolling and close up one end with plaster of p
aris 1/2 in. thick. It is well to slightly choke the tube to better retain the plaster. The paper used must be unsized so that the solution scan mingle through the pores. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Two liquids are necessary for the cell. Make a strong solution in a glass or wooden vessel of blue vitriol in water. Dilute some oil of vit\-riol (sulphuric acid) with about 12 times its measure of water and keep in a bottle when not in use. In making up th
e solution, add the acid to the water with constant stirring. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i Do not add water to the acid. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cell is charged by placing the zinc in the paper tube and both placed into the tin can. Connect the two wires and pour the dilute acid into the porous cell around the zinc, and then immediately turn the blue vitriol solution into the can outside the pa
per cup. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A current generates at once and metallic copper begins to deposit on the inside of the can. It is best to let the action continue for a half hour or so before putting the cell into use. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1954\absh-3062\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27041\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m466747b3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Several hours working will be required before the film of copper becomes suf\-ficiently thick to protect the tin from corrosion when the cell stands idle. For this reason it will be}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex73\i  }{\charscalex107 necessary to pour out the blue vitriol solution into another receptacle imm
ediately after through using, as otherwise the tin would be soon eaten full of holes. The porous cup should always be emptied after using to prevent the diffusion of the blue vitriol solution into the cup, and the paper tube must be well rinsed before putt
ing away to dry. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This makes one of the most satisfac\-tory battery cells on account of the constancy of its current, running for hours at a time without materially los\-ing strength, and the low cost of main\-tenance makes it especially adapted for amateurs' use. Its current 
strength is about one volt, but can be made up into any required voltage in series. A battery of a dozen cells should cost not to exceed 50 cts. for the material, which will give a strong, steady cur\-rent, amply sufficient for all ordinary experimental wor
k. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A strong solution of common salt may be used in place of the oil of vit\-riol in the porous cup, but is not so good. --Contributed by C. H. Dennis\-ton, Pulteney. N. Y.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex107 A Home-Made Equatorial [253]  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex112 By Harry Clark }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The ordinary equatorial is designed and built for the latitude of the ob\-servatory where it is to be used. This is necessary since the hour axis must point to the north pole of the heavens whose elevation above the horizon is equal to the latitude of the o
bserver's station. The final adjustment of an ordinary equatorial is very tedious so that when once set up it is not to be moved. This calls for a suitable house to protect the instrument. It has been the aim of the writer to build a very simple instrument
 for amateur work which would be adjustable to any lati\-tude, so easily set up ready for work and so portable that it need not be left out of doors from one evening until the next. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3461\absh-4354\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1c87f396.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi816\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Instrument for Locating Stars }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The instrument is mounted on a tripod or piece of iron pipe carrying a short vertical rod of 3/8-in. steel. A rectangular wooden frame with suit\-able bearings rotates about this shaft. The frame has also two horizontal bear\-ings carrying a short shaft to t
he end of which the frame carrying the hour axis is firmly clamped. By this ar\-rangement of two perpendicular shafts the hour axis may be directed to any point in the heavens without care as to how the tripod or pipe is set up. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The frame for the hour axis is about 12 in. long with a bearing at each end. The shaft which it carries is 1/4-in. steel, carrying the hour circle at one end, and at the other the frame for the declina\-tion axis which is similar to the other, but somewhat 
lighter. The declination axis is also of  1/4-in. steel, carrying at one end the declination circle and the pointer at the other. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The entire frame of the instrument is made of cherry and it will save the builder much time if he will purchase cherry "furniture" which is used by printers and can be obtained from any printers' supply company. It is best quality wood free from imperfecti
ons in straight strips one yard long and of a }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 uniform width of}{\charscalex88  }{\charscalex109 about 5/8}{\charscalex88  }{\charscalex109 in. As to thickness, any multiple of 12-point (about 1/8}{\charscalex119  }{\charscalex109 in.) may be obtained, thus saving much work in fitting up joints. Fifty cents will buy enough wood for an entire instrument. A
ll corners are carefully mortised and braced with small brass angle-pieces. The frame is held together by small brass machine screws. After much experimentation with bearings, it was found best to make them in halves as metal bearings are usually made. The
 loose half is held in place by guides on all four sides and is tightened by two screws with milled nuts. A great deal of trouble was experienced in boring out the bearings until the following method was devised. One hole was bored as well as possible. The
 bearing was then loosened and a bit run through it to bore the other. Finally, a piece of shafting was roughened by rolling it on  a file placed in both bearings and turned with a brace. The bearings were gradually tightened until perfect\-ly ground.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The declination axis must be per\-pendicular to both the hour axis and the line of sight over the pointer. To insure this, a positive adjustment was provided. The end of the shaft is clamped in a short block of wood by means of a bearing like the ones descr
ibed. One end of the block is hinged to the axis frame, while the other end is attached by two screws, one drawing them together, the other holding them apart. The axis is adjusted by turning these screws. Each shaft, save the one in the pipe, is provided 
with this ad\-justment. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The pointer is of two very thin strips placed at right angles and tapered slightly at each end. The clamp is attached as shown in the illus\-tration. The eye piece is a black iron washer supported on a small strip of wood. The aperture should be 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex109 in., si
nce the pupil of the eye dilates very much in darkness. The error due to large aperture is reduced by using a very long pointer which also makes it possible to focus the eye upon the front sight and the star simultaneously. The forward sight is a bright br
ass peg illuminated by a tiny electric lamp with a reflector to shield the eye. The pointer arranged in this way is a great improvement over the hollow tube sometimes used, since it allows an un\-obstructed view of the heavens while indicating the exact poi
nt in question. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The circles of the instrument are of aluminum, attached to the shafts by means of wooden clamps. They were nicely graduated by a home-made dividing engine of very simple con\-struction, and the figures were en\-graved with a pantograph. The read\-ing is indic
ated by a cut on a small aluminum plate attached to a pointer. The hour circle is divided into 24 parts and subdivided to every four minutes. The figures are arranged so that when the instrument is set up, the number of hours increases while the pointer tr
avels oppositely to the stars. The declination circle is graduated from zero to 90 deg. in each direction from two points 180 deg. apart. It is, ad\-justed to read zero when the pointer and two axes are mutually perpendicu\-lar as shown in the picture. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To adjust the instrument it is set up on the iron pipe and the pointer directed to some distant object. All set screws, excepting those on the dec\-lination axis, are tightened. Then the pointer is carefully turned through 180 deg. and if it is not again di
rected to the same point, it is not perpendicular to the declination axis. When properly  set it will describe a great circle. With the declination axis in an approxi\-mately horizontal position the place where the pointer cuts the horizon is noted. The dec
lination axis is then turned through 180 deg., when the pointer should again cut at the same place. Proper adjustment will cause it to do so. It is desirable that the hour circle should read approximately zero when the declination axis is horizontal, but t
his is not necessary for a reason soon to be explained. All these ad\-justments, once carefully made, need not be changed.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In using the instrument the hour axis can be directed to the north pole by the following method. Point it approximately to the north star. The pole is 1 deg. and 15 min. from the star on a straight line from the star to "Mizar," the star at the bend of the
 handle in the Big Dipper. Turn the hour circle into a position where the pointer can describe a circle through "Mizar." Only a rough setting is necessary. Now turn the pointer so that a reading of 88 deg. 45 min. shows on the declination circle on that si
de of 90 which is toward "Mizar." When this is done, clamp both axes and turn the shafts in the base until the pointer is directed accurately to the north star. It is evident from a study of the picture that the position of the small pointer which indicate
s the reading on the hour circle is not independent of the way in which the tripod or pipe is set up. It would then be useless to adjust it carefully to zero when the pointer cuts the "zenith" as is done with a large equatorial. Instead, the adjust\-ment is
 made by setting the clock or watch which is part of the outfit. The pointer is directed to Alpha, Cas\-siopiae, and the hour reading sub\-tracted from 24 hours (the approximate right ascension of the star) gives the time which the clock should be set to ind
icate. All of these settings should require not more than five minutes. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To find a star in the heavens, look up its declination and right ascension in an atlas. Set the declination circle to its reading. Subtract the clock time from the right ascension (plus 24 if necessary) and set the hour circle to the result. The star will 
then be seen on the tip of the pointer. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To locate a known star on the map, turn the pointer to the star. Declina\-tion is read directly. Add the clock time to the hour reading to get right ascension. If the result is more than 24 hours, subtract 24. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Ground Glass Substitute [255]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Ordinary plain glass coated with the following mixture will make a good ground glass substitute: Dissolve 18 gr. of gum sandarac and 4 gr. of gum mastic in 3-1/2 dr.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90 . }{\charscalex109 of ether, then add 1 2-3 dr. benzole. If this will be too transparent, add a little more 
benzole, taking care not to add too much. Cover one side of a clear glass and after dry\-ing it will produce a perfect surface for use as a ground glass in cameras. -\-Contributed by Ray E. Strosnider, Plain City, Ohio. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Miniature War Dance [255]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A piece of paper, 3 or 4 in. long, is folded several times, as shown in the sketch, and the first fold marked out to represent one-half of an Indian. Cut out all the folds at one time on the dotted line and you will have as many men joined together as ther
e were folds in the paper. Join the hands of the two end men with a little paste so }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 as to form a circle of Indians holding }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20hands. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The next thing to do is to punch holes in heavy cardboard that is large enough to cover a pot or stew pan, and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2885\absh-1930\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3329\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m38c4a0d1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Indian War Dance }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 partially fill the vessel with water. Set this covered vessel over a heat and bring the water to a boiling point and then set the miniature Indians on the perforated cover. The dance will be\-gin. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the Indians are decked out with small feathers to represent the head gear and trailing plumes, a great effect will be produced. --Contributed by Maurice Baudier, New Orleans, La. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Saving an Engine [255]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Turning the water on before starting the gas engine may prevent breaking a cylinder on a cold day. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b OLD-TIME MAGIC [256] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Removing 36 Cannon Balls from a Handbag }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The magician produces a small handbag and informs the audience that he has it filled with 20-lb. cannon balls. He opens up the bag and takes out a ball which he passes to the audience }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3494\absh-1637\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56033\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m17ef0666.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex115 Balls Made of Spring Wire }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 for examination. The ball is found to be the genuine article. He makes a few passes with the wand and pro\-duces another ball, and so on until 36 of them lie on the floor. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In reality the first ball, which is the one examined, is the real cannon ball, the others are spiral-spherical springs covered with black cloth (Fig. 1). These balls can be pressed together in flat disks and put in the bag, Fig. 2. without taking up any gr
eat amount of space. When the spring is released it will fill out the black cloth to represent a cannon ball that cannot be dis\-tinguished from the real article.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108  --Con\-tributed by J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex108 F. Campbell, Somerville, Mass. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Rising Card Trick [256]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 A {\charscalex108 rising card trick can be accom\-plished with very little skill by using the simple device illustrated. The only }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3307\absh-2021\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert45089\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7d9788d3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Card Slips from the Pack }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 things needed are four ordinary play\-ing cards and a short rubber band. Pass one end of the rubber band through one card and the other end through the other card, as shown in the illustration, drawing the cards close together and fastening the ends by putt
ing a pin through them. The remaining two cards are pasted to the first two so as to conceal the pins and ends of the rubber band. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Put the cards with the rubber band in a pack of cards; take any other card from the pack and show it to the aud\-ience in such a way that you do not see and know the card shown. Return the card to the pack, but be sure and place it between the cards tied to
\-gether with the rubber band. Grasp the pack between your thumb and fin\-ger tightly at first, and by gradually loosening your hold the card pre\-viously shown to the audience will slowly rise out of the pack. --Contrib\-uted by Tomi O'Kawara, San Fran\-cisco,
 Cal. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Sliding Box Cover Fastener [256] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1954\absh-1176\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert31937\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2a543ddc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 While traveling through the country as a watchmaker I found it quite con\-venient to keep my small drills, taps, small brooches, etc., In boxes having a sliding }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20\tab {\charscalex108 cover. To keep the contents from spilling or getting mixed in my case I used a small fastener a
s shown in the accompanying illustration, The fastener is made of steel or brass and fastened by means of small screws or tacks on the out\-side of the box. A}{\charscalex113\f4  }{\charscalex108 hole is drilled on the upper part to receive the pin that is driven into the sliding cover. This p
in should not stick out beyond the thickness of the spring, which is bent up at the point so the pin will freely pass under it. The pin can be driven through the cover to prevent it from being pulled entirely out of the box. --\-Contributed by Herm Grabeman
n, Mil\-waukee, Wis.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Chain a Dog [257]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good way to chain a dog and give him plenty of ground for exercise is to stretch a clothesline or a galvanized }
\par 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7459\absh-3528\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2817\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_82d930c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Dog Has Plenty of Room for Exercise }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 wire between the house and barn on which is placed a ring large enough to slide freely. The chain from the dog's collar is fastened to the ring. This method can also be used for tethering a cow or horse, the advantage being the use of a short tie rope elim
inating the possibility of the animal becoming entangled. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Water-Color Box [257] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There are many different trays in the market for the purpose of holding water colors, but they are either too expensive for the average person or too small to be convenient. I do a great deal of water-color work and always felt the need of a suitable color
 dish. At last I found something that filled my want and suited my pocket\-book. I bought 22 individual salt dishes and made a box to hold them, as shown in the illustration. This box has done good service. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Some of the advantages are: Each color is in a separate dish which can be easily taken out and cleaned; the dishes are deep enough to prevent spill\-ing the colors into the adjoining ones, and the box can be made as big or as small as individual needs requi
re. The tray containing the color dishes and brushes rests on 1/4-in. round pieces 2-1/4 in. from the bottom of the box, thus giving ample store room for colors, prints, slides and extra brushes. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-2976\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m660d5c46.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Color Trays Made of Salt Dishes }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -Contributed by B. Beller, Hartford, Connecticut. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Saving Ink Pens [257]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ink usually corrodes pens in a short time. This can be prevented by plac\-ing pieces of steel pens or steel wire in the ink, which will absorb the acid and prevent it from corroding the pens.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Plant-Food Percolator [258]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Obtain two butter tubs and bore a large number of 1/4-in. holes in the bottom of one, then cover the perfor\-ated part with a piece of fine brass }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex118 g}{\charscalex107 auze (Fig. }{\charscalex118 1), }{\charscalex107 tacking the gauze well at the corners. The other tub should be fitted with a faucet of some kin
d -a wood faucet}{\charscalex133 , }{\charscalex107 costing 5 cents, will answer the pur\-pose. Put the first tub on top of the other with two nar\-row strips between them (Fig. 2). Fill the upper tub, about three-fourths full, with well packed horse manure, and pour water on it until it is 
well soaked. When the water has percolated through into the lower tub, it is ready to use on house and garden plants and is better than plain water, as it adds both fertil\-izer and moisture. --Contributed by C. O. Darke, West Lynn, Mass. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2131\absh-2366\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2849\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7badf13b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex90{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 FIG.I }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2246\absh-4066\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert61953\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_598be0bd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Lathe Safety [258]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 A{\charscalex107 lways caliper the work in a lathe while it is standing still. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Never use the ways of a lathe for an anvil or storage platform. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Folding Quilting-Frames [258] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The frame in which the material is kept stretched when making a quilt is usually too large to be put out of the way conveniently when other duties must be attended to; and especially are the end pieces objectionable. This can be remedied by hinging the end
s so they will fold underneath to the center. The end pieces are cut in two at one-fourth their distance from each end, a hinge screwed to the under side to hold them together, and a hook and eye fastened on the other side to hold the parts rigid when they
 are in use. When the ends are turned under, the frame is narrow enough to be easily carried from one room to another, or placed against a wall.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Drip Shield for the Arms [258] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When working with the hands in a pan of water, oil or other fluid, it is very disagreeable to have the liquid run down the arms, when they are raised from the pan, often to soil the sleeves of a clean garment. A drip shield which will stop the fluid and ca
use it to run back into the pan can be easily made from a piece of sheet rubber or, if this is not available, from a piece of the inner tube of a bicycle tire. Cut a washer with the hole large enough to fit snugly about the wrist, but not so tight as to st
op the  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3264\absh-2683\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4ef98be9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shields for the Arms }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 circulation of the blood. A pair of these shields will always come in handy. --\-Contributed by L. M. Eifel, Chicago. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Cane Chairs [259] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There are but few households that do not have at least one or two chairs without a seat or back. The same households may have some one who would enjoy recaning the chairs if he only knew how to do it, and also make considerable pin money by repairing chair
s for the neighbors. If the fol\-lowing directions are carried out, new cane seats and backs can easily be put in chairs where they are broken or sagged to an uncomfortable position. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The first thing necessary is to re\-move the old cane. This can be done by turning the chair upside down and, with the aid of a sharp knife or chisel, cutting the cane between the holes. After this is done the old bottom can be pulled out. If plugs are foun
d in any of the holes, they should be knocked out. If the beginner is in doubt about finding which holes along any curved sides should be used for the cane run\-ning nearly parallel to the edge, he may find it to his advantage to mark the holes on the under
 side of the frame before removing the old cane. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The worker should be provided with a small sample of the old cane. At any first-class hardware store a bundle of similar material may be secured. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cane usually comes in lengths of about 15 ft. and each bundle contains }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7546\absh-3154\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16289\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m52fae9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Three Stages of Weaving }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 enough to reseat several chairs. In addition to the cane, the worker should provide himself with a piece of bacon rind, a square pointed wedge, as shown in Fig. 1, and 8 or 10 round wood plugs, which are used for temporarily hold\-ing the ends of the cane i
n the holes. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Untie one of the strands which has been well soaked, put about 3 or 4 in. down through the hole at one end of what is to be the outside strand of  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 one side and secure it in this hole by means of one of the small plugs men\-tioned. The plug should not be for
ced in too hard nor cut off, as it must be  removed again. The other end of the strand should be made pointed and passed down through the hole at the opposite side, and, after having been pulled tight, held there by inserting another plug. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3864\absh-2866\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17409\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_b4c3bec.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 First Layer of Strands }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3494\absh-2645\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62625\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7d4b2558.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex126{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 First Two Layers in Place }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pass the end up through the next hole, then across and down, and hold while the second plug is moved to the last hole through which the cane was drawn. In the same man\-ner proceed across the chair bottom. Whenever the end of one strand is reached, it shoul
d be held by a plug, and a new one started in the next hole as in the beginning. No plugs should be permanently removed until another strand of cane is through the same hole to hold the first strand in place. After laying the strands across the seat in one
 direction, put in another layer at right angles and lying entirely above the first layer. Both of these layers when in place appear as shown in one of the illustrations. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After completing the second layer, stretch the third one, using the same holes as for the first layer. This will make three layers, the first being hidden by the third while the second layer is at right angles to and between the first and third. No weaving
 has been done up to this time, nothing but stretching and threading the cane through the holes. The cane will have the appearance shown in Fig. 3. The next thing to do is to start the cane across in the same direction as the second layer and begin the wea
ving. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The top or third layer strands should be pushed toward the end from which the weaving starts, so that the strand being woven may be pushed down be\-tween the first and third layers and up again between pairs. The two first strands of the fourth layer are sh
own woven in Fig. 3. During the weaving, the strands should be lubricated with the rind of bacon to make them pass through with ease. Even with this lubrication, one can seldom weave more than half way across the seat with the pointed end before finding it
 advisable to pull the remainder of the strand through. After finishing this fourth layer of strands, it is quite probable that each strand will be about midway between its two neighbors instead of lying close to its mate as desired, and here is where the 
square and pointed wedge is used. The wedge is driven down between the proper strands to move them into place. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Start at one corner and weave diag\-onally, as shown in Fig. 4, making sure that the strand will slip in between the two which form the corner of the square in each case. One more weave across on the diagonal and the seat will be finished except for the bin
ding, as shown in Fig. 5. The binding consists of one strand that covers the row of holes while it is held down with an\-other strand, a loop over the first being made every second or third hole as de\-sired. It will be of great assistance to keep another ch
air with a cane bottom at hand to examine while re\-caning the first chair. --Contributed by }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 M. R. W.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex109 R}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex108 epairing a Cracked Composition Developing Tray [260] }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fill the crack with some powdered rosin and heap it up on the outside. Heat a soldering-iron or any piece of metal enough to melt the rosin and let it flow through the break. When cool, trim off the surplus rosin. If handled with a little care, a tray repa
ired in this manner will last a long time. The chemicals will not affect the rosin. -\-Contributed by E. D. Patrick, Detroit, Michigan. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Lay Out a Sundial [261] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sundial is an instrument for measuring time by using the shadow of the sun. They were quite common in ancient times before clocks and watches were invented. At the present time they are used more as an ornamenta\-tion than as a means of measuring time, 
although they are quite accurate if properly constructed. There are several different designs of sundials, but the most common, and the one we shall describe in this article, is the horizontal dial. It consists of a flat circular table, placed firmly on a 
solid pedestal and having a triangular plate of metal, Fig. 1, called the gnomon, ris\-ing from its center and inclined toward the meridian line of the dial at an angle equal to the latitude of the place where the dial is to be used. The shadow of the edge 
of the triangular plate moves around the northern part of the dial from morning to afternoon, and thus supplies a rough measurement of the hour of the day. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The style or gnomon, as it always equals the latitude of the place, can be laid out as follows: Draw a line AB, Fig. 1, 5 in. long and at the one end erect a perpendicular BC, the height of which is taken from table No. 1. It may be necessary to interpolat
e for a given latitude, as for example, lat. 41{{\*\updnprop5801}\up8 \'b0}-30'. From table No. 1 lat. 42\'b0 is 4.5 in. and for lat. 40\'b0, the next smallest, it is 4.2 in. Their difference is .3 in. for 2\'b0, and for 1\'b0 it would be .15 in. For }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex112 30' }{\charscalex105 it would be 1/2 of }1\'b0 or .075 in. {\charscalex105 All ad
ded to the les\-ser or 40\'b0, we have }4.2+.15+.075 in.{\charscalex129 = }{\charscalex105 4.42 in. as the height of the line BC for lat. 41 }{\charscalex112 \'b0-30'. }{\charscalex105 If you have a table of natural functions, the height  of the line BC, or the style, is the base (5 in. in this case) times the tangent of the degr
ee of latitude. Draw the line AD, and the angle BAD is the correct angle for the style for the given }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-2266\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6acee702.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Dial }
\par 
\par \trowd\trql\trrh-182\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clvertalc\cellx1736\clvertalc\cellx5141\clvertalc\cellx7450
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri38\lin0\rin38\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 TABLE No. 1. }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-230\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clvertalc\cellx7450
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li28\ri0\lin28\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Height of stile in inches for a 5in. }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-235\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clvertalc\cellx7450
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li28\ri0\lin28\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 base, for various latitudes }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-249\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1915\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3618\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5534\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li9\ri0\lin9\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Latitude }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Height }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Latitude }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri24\lin0\rin24\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Height }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-288\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1915\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3618\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5534\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri129\lin0\rin129\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 25\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.33 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri144\lin0\rin144\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 42\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li14\ri0\lin14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.50 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-288\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1915\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3618\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5534\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri129\lin0\rin129\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 26\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.44 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri144\lin0\rin144\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 44\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li14\ri0\lin14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.83 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-278\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1915\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3618\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5534\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri129\lin0\rin129\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 27\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.55 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri144\lin0\rin144\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 46\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex92{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li14\ri0\lin14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.18 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-278\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1915\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3618\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5534\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri129\lin0\rin129\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 28\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.66 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri144\lin0\rin144\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 48\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li14\ri0\lin14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.55 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-288\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1915\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3618\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5534\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri129\lin0\rin129\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 30\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.89 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri144\lin0\rin144\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 50\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li14\ri0\lin14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.96 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-288\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1915\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3618\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5534\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri129\lin0\rin129\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 32\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex92{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.12 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri144\lin0\rin144\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 52\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li14\ri0\lin14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 6.40 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-278\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1915\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3618\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5534\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri129\lin0\rin129\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 34\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.37 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri144\lin0\rin144\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 54\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex92{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 6.88 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-278\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1915\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3618\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5534\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri129\lin0\rin129\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 36\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.63 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri144\lin0\rin144\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 56\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li14\ri0\lin14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 7.41 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-268\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1915\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3618\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5534\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri129\lin0\rin129\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 38\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex85{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.91 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri144\lin0\rin144\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 58\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li14\ri0\lin14\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 8.00 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-259\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1915\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3618\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5534\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri129\lin0\rin129\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex131 40}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 \'b0 }{\charscalex131  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri9\lin0\rin9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.20 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri144\lin0\rin144\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 60\'b0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 8.66 }
\cell\row\pard \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 latitude. Its thickness, if of metal, may be conveniently from 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex66\f4  }{\charscalex105 to 1/4}{\charscalex77\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. ; or if of stone, an inch or two, or more, ac\-cording to the size of the dial. Usually for neatness of appearance the back of the style is hollowed as shown. The upper edges whic
h cast the shadows must be sharp and straight, and for this size dial (10 in. in diameter) they should be about 7-1/2 in. long. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 To layout the hour circle, draw two parallel lines AB and CD, Fig. 2, which will represent the base in length and thickness. Draw two semi-circles, using the points A and C as centers, with a radius of 5 in. The points of intersection with the lines AB and
 CD will be the 12 \-o'clock marks. A line EF drawn through the points A and C, and perpendicular to the base or style, and intersecting the semi\-circles, gives the 6 \-o'clock points. The point marked X is to be used as the center of the dial. The in\-termed
iate hour and half-hour lines can be plotted by using table No. 2 for given lati}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 tudes, placing them to the right or left of the 12-o'clock points. For latitudes not given, interpolate in the same man\-ner as for the height of the style. The 1/4-hour and the
 5 and 10-minute divi\-sions may be spaced with the' eye or they may be computed. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clvertalc\cellx462\clvertalc\cellx885\clvertalc\cellx1329\clvertalc\cellx1763\clvertalc\cellx3527\clvertalc\cellx3959\clvertalc\cellx4403\clvertalc\cellx6802\clvertalc\cellx7463
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex92{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li124\ri0\lin124\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Table NO. 2. }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex92{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex92{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex92{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex92{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clvertalc\cellx462\clvertalc\cellx6802\clvertalc\cellx7463
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri48\lin0\rin48\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chords in inches for a 10 in. circle Sundial. }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx462\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1133\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1606\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2361\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4912\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5668\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6235\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6802\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li105\ri0\lin105\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lat}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li124\ri0\lin124\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 HOURS OF DAY }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx472\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1133\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1606\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2361\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3023\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3590\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4251\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4912\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5668\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6235\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6802\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li105\ri0\lin105\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 12-30{\charscalex72  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri4\lin0\rin4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1-30 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li19\ri0\lin19\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2-30 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex125{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri24\lin0\rin24\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex126{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3-30 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li62\ri0\lin62\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4-30 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex125{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li4\ri0\lin4\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-33\lin0\rin-33\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5-30 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx462\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1133\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1606\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2361\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3023\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3590\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4251\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4912\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5668\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6235\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6802\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex85{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li105\ri0\lin105\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 11-30{\charscalex79\i  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex146{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri4\lin0\rin4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 11}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 10-30 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li19\ri0\lin19\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 10{\charscalex76  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 9-30 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri24\lin0\rin24\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 9 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 8-30 {\charscalex90  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex123{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li62\ri0\lin62\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 8 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 7-30{\charscalex90  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li4\ri0\lin4\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 7 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-33\lin0\rin-33\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 6-30 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx462\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1133\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1606\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2361\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3023\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3590\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4251\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4912\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5668\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6235\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6802\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li105\ri0\lin105\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 20 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .28 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri4\lin0\rin4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  .56 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  .87 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.19 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.57}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 1.99 {\charscalex87  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.49 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri4\lin0\rin4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 3.11 {\charscalex84  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.87 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.82 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-33\lin0\rin-33\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.93 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx462\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1133\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1606\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2361\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3023\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3590\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4251\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4912\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5668\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6235\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6802\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li105\ri0\lin105\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 30 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .33 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri4\lin0\rin4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  .66 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 1.02 {\charscalex90  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.40 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.82 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.30 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.85 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.49 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.26 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.14 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-33\lin0\rin-33\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 6.10 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx462\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1133\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1606\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2361\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3023\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3590\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4251\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4912\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5668\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6235\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6802\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li105\ri0\lin105\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 35 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .38 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri4\lin0\rin4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  .76 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.16 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.59 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.06 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.57 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.16 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.81 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.55 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.37 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-33\lin0\rin-33\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 6.23 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx462\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1133\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1606\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2361\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3023\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3590\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4251\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4912\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5668\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6235\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6802\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li105\ri0\lin105\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 40 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .42 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri4\lin0\rin4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  .85 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.30 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 1.77 {\charscalex90  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.27 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 2.82 {\charscalex92\i  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.42 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.07 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.79 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.55 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-33\lin0\rin-33\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 6.32}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx462\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1133\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1606\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2361\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3023\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3590\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4251\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4912\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5668\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6235\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6802\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li105\ri0\lin105\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 45 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .46 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri4\lin0\rin4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  .94 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.42 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.93 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.46 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.03 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.64 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.29 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.97 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.68 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-33\lin0\rin-33\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 6.39 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx462\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1133\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1606\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2361\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3023\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3590\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4251\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4912\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5668\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6235\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6802\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li105\ri0\lin105\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 50 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .50 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri4\lin0\rin4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 1.01 {\charscalex90  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.53 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.06 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.68 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.21}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.82 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.46 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.12 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.79 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex124{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-33\lin0\rin-33\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 6.46 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx462\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1133\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1606\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2361\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3023\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3590\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4251\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4912\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5668\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6235\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6802\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex125{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li105\ri0\lin105\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 55}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .54 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri4\lin0\rin4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.08 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.63 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.19 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.77 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.37 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.98 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.60 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.24 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.87 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-33\lin0\rin-33\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 6.49 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx462\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1133\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx1606\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2361\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3023\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx3590\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4251\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4912\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5668\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6235\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6802\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex123{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li105\ri0\lin105\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 60}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 .57 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri4\lin0\rin4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 1.14 {\charscalex90  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1.71 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.30 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-9\lin0\rin-9\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2.89 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-4\lin0\rin-4\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3.49 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.10 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 4.72 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-19\lin0\rin-19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.34 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 5.93 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri-33\lin0\rin-33\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 6.52 }
\cell\row\pard \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \trowd\trql\trrh-328\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clvertalc\cellx5246\clvertalc\cellx6498\clvertalc\cellx7453
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri168\lin0\rin168\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Table No. 3 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-196\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clvertalc\cellx7453
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri153\lin0\rin153\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Corrections in minutes to change. }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-182\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clvertalc\cellx7453
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri153\lin0\rin153\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sun time to local mean time,- add }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-182\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clvertalc\cellx7453
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li28\ri0\lin28\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 those marked + subtract those }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-264\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clvertalc\cellx6498\clvertalc\cellx7453
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li28\ri0\lin28\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Marked - from Sundial lime. }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\fs20\lang1033\i 
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-259\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li81\ri0\lin81\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Day of month }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri230\lin0\rin230\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li33\ri0\lin33\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 10}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri19\lin0\rin19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex109\fs20 20{\f6  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex109\fs20 30{\f6  }}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-268\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 January }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +3}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +7 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri19\lin0\rin19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +11 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +13 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-259\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 February }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +14 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +14 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri19\lin0\rin19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +14 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-259\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 March }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +13 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +11 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri19\lin0\rin19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 +8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex130\f6  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +5 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-268\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 April }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +4 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +2 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri211\lin0\rin211\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 -1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex200\f4  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 -3}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex121\f6  }}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-268\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 May }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -3 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -4 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri19\lin0\rin19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 -4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex145\f6  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -3 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-268\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 June }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -3}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 +1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex200\f4  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri211\lin0\rin211\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +1}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 +3}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex121\f6  }}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-268\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 July }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 +3}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex130\f6  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 +5}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f6  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri19\lin0\rin19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 +6}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f6  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 +6}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex121\f6  }}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-259\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 August }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +6}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +5 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri19\lin0\rin19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 +3}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex130\f6  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 +1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex121\f6  }}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-259\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 September }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +0 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 -3}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex135\f6  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri19\lin0\rin19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 -5}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex135\f6  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex133{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -10 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-268\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 October }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -10}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -13 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri19\lin0\rin19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -15 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -16 }
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-268\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 November }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -16 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -16 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri19\lin0\rin19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -14 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 -11}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex200\f4  }}
\cell\row\pard \trowd\trql\trrh-240\trpaddft3\trpaddt0\trpaddfl3\trpaddl0\trpaddfb3\trpaddb0\trpaddfr3\trpaddr0\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx2981\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx4099\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx5246\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx6498\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw1\brdrcf1\clvertalc\cellx7474
\pard\intbl\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li192\ri0\lin192\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 December }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li110\ri0\lin110\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 -11}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex200  }}
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex145{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li115\ri0\lin115\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -7 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex145{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri19\lin0\rin19\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 -3 }
\cell\pard\plain \intbl\ltrpar\s16\charscalex135{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li48\ri0\lin48\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 +2 }
\cell\row\pard \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 When placing the dial in position, care must be taken to get it perfectly level and have the style at right angles to the dial face, with its sloping side pointing to the North Pole. An ordi\-nary compass, after allowing for the declination, will enable one
 to set the dial, or it may be set by placing it as near north and south as one may judge and comparing with a watch set at standard time. The dial time and the watch time should agree after the watch has been corrected for the equa\-tion of time from table
 No. 3, and for the difference between standard and lo\-cal time, changing the position of the dial until an agreement is reached. Sun time and standard time agree only four times a year, April 16, June 15, Sept. 2 and Dec. 25, and on these dates the dial n
eeds no correction. The cor\-rections for the various days of the month can be taken from Table 3. The + means that the clock is faster, and the - means that the dial is faster than the sun. Still another correction must be made which is constant for each g
iven locality. Standard time is the correct time for longitude 75{{\*\updnprop5801}\up8 0} New York, 90{{\*\updnprop5801}\up8 0} Chicago, 105{{\*\updnprop5801}\up8 0} Denver and 120{{\*\updnprop5801}\up8 0} for San Francisco. Ascertain in degrees of longitude how far your dial is east or west of the nearest standard me\-ridian and divide this by 15, r
educing the answer to minutes and seconds, which will be the correction in min\-utes and seconds of time. If the dial is east of the meridian ch}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex145 o}{\charscalex109 sen, then the watch is slower; if west, it will be faster. This correction can be added to the values in table N
o. 3, making each value slower when it is east of the standard meridian and faster when it is west. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The style or gnomon with its base can be made in cement and set on a cement pedestal which has sufficient base placed in the ground to make it solid. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The design of the sundial is left to the ingenuity of the maker. --Contrib\-uted by J. E. Mitchell, Sioux City, Iowa. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Imitation Arms and Armor-Part IV [263] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The ancient arms of defense as shown in the accompanying illustrations make good ornaments for the den if they are cut from wood and finished in imitation of the real weapon. The designs shown represent original arms of the sixteenth and seventeenth centur
ies. As they are the genuine reproductions, each article can be labelled with the name, adding to each piece interest and value, says the English Mechanic, London. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Each weapon is cut from wood. The blades of the axes and the cutting edges of the swords are dressed down and finished with sandpaper and the steel parts represented by covering the wood with tinfoil. When putting on the tin\-foil, brush a thin coat of glue
 on the part to be covered and quickly lay on the foil. If a cutting edge is to be covered the tinfoil on one side of the blade must overlap the edge which is pasted on the opposite side. The other side is then covered with the tinfoil of a size that will 
not quite cover to the cut\-ting edge. After laying the foil and allowing time for the glue to dry, wipe the surface with light strokes up and down several times using a soft piece of cloth. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3955\absh-3619\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1729\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m45a00152.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Partisan, Fork and Halberd }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A French partisan of the sixteenth century is shown in Fig. 1. The weapon is 6-1/2 ft. long with a round handle having the same circumference for the entire length which is covered with crimson cloth or velvet and studded all over with round-headed }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-4128\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62721\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_356fd045.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Spontoon. Glaive and Voulge }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 brass nails. The spear head is of steel about 15 in. long from the point where it is attached to the handle. The widest part of the blade from spear to spear is about 8 in. The length of the tassel or fringe is about 4 in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Figure 2 shows a German military fork of the sixteenth century, the length of which is about 5 ft. with a handle of wood bound with heavy cord in a spiral form and the whole painted a dark color. The entire length of the fork from the handle to the points 
is about 10 in., and is coveted with tinfoil in imitation of steel. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A Swiss halberd of the sixteenth century is shown in Fig. 3. This com\-bination of an axe and spear is about 7 ft. long from the point of the spear to the end of the handle, which is square. The spear and axe is of steel with a handle of plain dark wood. Th
e holes in the axe can be bored or burned out with red-hot iron rods, the holes being about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex81  }{\charscalex108 in. in diameter. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Figure 4 shows an Austrian officers' spontoon, used about the seventeenth century. It is about 6 ft. long with a round wooden handle. The spear head }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 from its point to where fixed on the handle is about 9 in. long. The edges are sharp. The cross bar which r
uns through the lower end of the spear can }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3864\absh-3840\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2273\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m70273bb6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Halberd. Ranseur and Lance }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 be made in two pieces and glued into a hole on each side. The length of this bar is about 5 in. The small circular plate through which the bar is fixed can be cut from a piece of cardboard and glued on the wooden spear. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A gisarm or glaive, used by Italians in the sixteenth century, is shown in Fig. 5. The entire length is about 6-1/2 ft. The blade is engraved steel with a length of metal work from the point of the spear to where it joins the handle or staff of about 18 in
. It has a round wooden handle painted black or dark brown. The engraved work must be carved in the wood and when putting the tinfoil on, press it well into the carved depressions. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Figure 6 shows a Saxon voulge of the sixteenth century, 6 ft. long, with a round wood handle and a steel axe or blade, sharp on the outer edge and held to the handle by two steel bands, which are a part of the axe. The bands can be made of cardboard and gl
ued on to the wood axe. These bands can be made very strong by reinforcing the cardboard with a piece of canvas. A small curved spear point is carved from a piece of wood, covered with tinfoil and fastened on the end of the handle as shown. The band of met
al on the side is cut from cardboard, covered with tinfoil and fastened on with round-\-headed brass or steel nails. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very handsome weapon is the Ger\-man halberd of the sixteenth century which is shown in Fig. 7. The entire length is about 6-1/2 ft., with a round wooden handle fitted at the lower end with a steel ornament. The length of the spear point to the lower end 
where it joins on to the handle is 14 in. The extreme width of the axe is 16 or 17 in. The outer and inner edges of the crescent-shaped part of the axe are sharp. This axe is cut out with a scroll or keyhole saw and covered with tinfoil. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An Italian ranseur of the sixteenth century is shown in Fig. 8. This weapon is about 6 ft. long with a round staff or handle. The entire length of the metal part from the point of the spear to where it joins the staff is 15 in. The spear is steel, sharp on
 the outer edges. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Figure 9 shows a tilting lance with vamplate used in tournaments in the sixteenth century. The wood pole is covered with cloth or painted a dark color. At the end is a four-pronged piece of steel. The vamplate can be made of cardboard covered with tinfoil 
to represent steel and studded with brass nails. The extreme length is 9}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 ft. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The tassels or fringe used in decorat\-ing the handles can be made from a few inches of worsted fringe, about 4 in. long and wound around the handle or staff twice and fastened with brass-\-headed nails. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 An {\charscalex107 Emergency Babbitt }Ladle [264] }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi292\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take an old stove leg and rivet a handle on it and then break the piece off which fastens on the stove. The large and rounding part of the leg makes the bowl of the ladle. This ladle will be found convenient for melting babbitt or lead.-Contributed by R. H
. Work\-man, Loudonville, Ohio. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1934\absh-1354\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64033\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_66e37b68.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Japanese Portieres [265]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 These very useful and ornamental draperies can be easily made at home by anyone possessing a little ingenuity. They can be made of various materials, the most durable being bamboo, al\-though beads of glass or rolled paper will produce good results. Substan
ces such as straw, while readily adaptable and having a neat appearance, are less durable and will quickly show wear. The paper beads are easily made as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. In Figs. 1 and 2 are shown how the paper is cut tapering, and as it appears 
after rolling \-and gluing down the ends. A straight paper bead is shown in Fig. B. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The first step is to}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex122\i\f4  }{\charscalex108 select the kind }of {\charscalex108 beads desired for stringing and then procure the hanging cord. Be sure to get a cord of such size that the beads will slip on readily and yet have the least possible lateral movement. This is important to secure neat
ness. One end of each cord is tied to a round piece of wood, or in holes punched in a leather strap. Iron or brass rings can be used if desired. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut all the cords the same length, making allowance for the number of knots necessary to produce the design selected. Some designs require only one knot at the bottom. It is best to make a rough sketch of the design on paper. This will greatly aid the make
r in carrying on the work. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7618\absh-4018\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert48609\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6fdba646.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bamboo and Straw Portieres }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the main part of the screen is finished, the cross cords, used for spacing and binding the whole together, are put in place. This is done with a needle made from a piece of small wire, as shown in Fig. 4. The cross cords are woven in as shown in Fig. 
5. As many of these cross cords can be put in as desired, and if placed from 6 to 12 in. apart, a solid screen will be made instead of a portiere. The twisted cross cords should be of such material, and put through in such manner that they will not be read
ily seen. If paper beads are used they can be colored to suit and hardened by varnishing. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The first design shown is for using bamboo. The cords are knotted to hold the bamboo pieces in place. The fin\-ished portiere will resemble drawn work in cloth. Many beautiful hang\-ings can be easily fashioned. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The second design is to be con\-structed with a plain ground of either straw, bamboo or rolled paper. The cords are hung upon a round stick with rings of metal to make the sliding easy. The design is made by stringing beads of colored glass at the right }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 pla
ces between the lengths of ground material. One bead is placed at the extreme end of each cord. The rows of twisted cord placed at the top keep the strings properly spaced. --Contrib\-uted by Geo. M. Harrer, Lockport, New York. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Makeshift Camper's Lantern [266]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 While out camping, our only lantern was accidentally smashed beyond re\-pair, and it was necessary to devise something that would take its place.  We took an empty tomato can and cut out the tin, 3 in. wide, for a length extending from a point 2 in. below t
he top to within 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. of the bottom. Each side of the cut-out A was bent inward in the shape of a letter S, in which was placed a piece of glass. Four V-shaped notches were cut, as shown at B, near the top of the can and their points turned outward. A s
lit was cut in the bottom, shaped as shown at C, and the pointed ends thus formed were turned up to make a place for holding the base of a candle. A}{\charscalex112\f4  }{\charscalex109 larger can was secured and the bot\-tom perforated. This was turned over }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the top of the other can. A heavy wire was run through the perforations and a short piece of broom handle used to make a bail. --Contributed by Mau\-rice Baudier, New Orleans, La. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3682\absh-4973\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57281\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m387a1f44.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lantern Made of Old Cans }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b New Tires for Carpet-Sweeper Wheels [266]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The rubber tires on carpet-sweeper wheels often become so badly worn and stretched that they fail to grip the carpet firmly enough to run the sweeper. To remedy this, procure some rubber tape a little wider than the rims of the old wheels, remove the old r
ubber tires and wind the tape on the rims to the proper thickness. Trim the edges with a sharp knife and rub on some chalk or soapstone powder to prevent the tape from sticking to the carpet. A sweeper treated in this man\-ner will work as well as a new one
. --\-Contributed by W. H. Shay, New\-burgh, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Gauntlets on Gloves [266]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the fingers or palms of gloves with gauntlets wear out, do not throw away the gloves, but cut off the gaunt\-lets and procure a pair of gloves with short wrists to which the old gaunt\-lets can be sewn after the wrist bands have been removed from the ne
w gloves. The sewing may be done either by hand or on a machine, gather\-ing in any fullness in the bellows of the cuff on the under side. A pair of gauntlets will outwear three or four pairs of gloves. --Contributed by Joseph H. Sanford, Pasadena, Cal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Ornamental Brass Flag [266]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The outlines of the flag--which may be of any size to suit the metal at hand--and the name are first drawn on a sheet of thin paper and then transferred to the brass by tracing through a sheet of carbon paper. The brass should be somewhat larger than the d
esign. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The brass is fastened to a block of soft wood with small nails driven }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 through the edges. Indent the name and outline of the flag with a small chisel with the face ground flat, about 1/16}{\charscalex83  }{\charscalex107 in. wide. This should be done gradually, sinking the lines deeper and
 deeper by going over them a number of times. After this is finished, the brass is loosened from the block, turned over but not fastened, and the whole outside of and between the letters is indented with the rounded end of a nail, giving the appearance of 
ham\-mered brass. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The edges are now cut off and four holes drilled, two for the chain by which to hang the flag to the wall, and two along the side for attaching the staff. The staff is a small brass rod with a knob attached to the top end. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It would be well to polish the brass at first, if the finished work is to be }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3322\absh-3379\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29217\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6c6b7ef6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Finished Flag }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 bright, as it cannot be done after the flag is completed. A coat of lacquer is applied to keep it from tarnishing. This is done by heating the brass and quickly applying a coat of shellac. --\-Contributed by Chas. Schaffner, May\-wood, Ill. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Adjustable Punching-Bag Platform [267]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A punching-bag platform, suitable for the tall athlete as well as the small boy}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i , }{\charscalex107 is shown in the accompanying sketch. The platform is securely fastened to two strong wooden arms or braces, which in turn are nailed to a 2 by 12-in. plank as long as the di\-a
meter of the platform. This plank, as shown in the small drawing at the upper left-hand corner of the sketch, is placed in grooves or slots fastened against the side of a wall. The plank with the platform attached may be raised or lowered to the desired he
ight and held there by a pin or bolt put through the bolt-hole of the plank and into a hole in the wall. --Contributed by W. A. Jaquythe, Richmond, Cal. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3571\absh-3494\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22945\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_16a2d267.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Adjustable Platform }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Clasp for Holding Flexible Lamp Cords [267]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A very easily made drop-light ad\-juster is shown in the illustration. It consists of a piece of cop\-per wire 7/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex107 in. in diame\-ter, bent as shown. This clasp is cap\-able of stand\-ing a strong pull and will hold the lamp and socket with a glass shade. --\-E. 
K. Marshall, Oak Park, Ill. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2232\absh-1982\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert54625\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3e9c1f22.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Protect Camel Hair Brushes [267]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi450\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Camel hair brushes for painters' use should never be allowed to come in contact with water. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Electric Clock [268]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The clock illustrated herewith is driven by means of electromagnets act\-ing directly on the pendulum bob. Un\-like most clocks, the pendulum swings }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3552\absh-3826\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert48929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2dc1537a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magnetic Clock }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 forward and backward instead of later\-ally. The construction is very simple, and the result is not only novel but well worth while, because one does not have to bother about winding a clock, such as this one, says the Scientific Ameri\-can. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The clock is mounted on a wooden base measuring 3-3/4 by6-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex70  }{\charscalex107 in., by 1-5/16 in. thick. Secured centrally on this base is a 1/8 by 3/4-in. bar, }6 {\charscalex107 in. long and at each side of this, 5/16 in. away, is an electromagnet, 3/4 in. in diameter and 1-7/16 in. high
. Two uprights, 7-1/2}{\charscalex70  }{\charscalex107 in. high and 1/4 in. in diameter, are secured in the base bar, and are connected at the top by a brass yoke piece on which the clock frame is supported. Just be\-low the yoke piece a hole is drilled in each upright to receive the pivot
 pins of the crosspiece secured to the upper end of the pendulum rod. The pendu\-lum bob at the lower end is adjusted to swing just clear of the electromag\-nets. Mounted at the right-hand side of the base are three tall binding-posts, the center one being 2
-3/4 in. high, and the other two 2-5/8 in. high. Each is fitted with a piece of copper wire pro- }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 vided with a small brass spring tip. These springs lie in the plane of the pendulum, which serves to swing the central tip first against one and then against the other of the side tips, there\-by closing the circuit of first one mag\-net and then the other. 
Each magnet attracts the pendulum until its circuit is broken by release of the center tip, and on the return swing of the pen\-dulum the circuit of the other magnet is similarly closed. Thus the pendulum is kept in motion by the alternate mag\-netic impulse
s. The clock train is taken from a standard clock and the motion of the pendulum is imparted to the escape wheel by means of a pawl, bearing on the latter, which is lifted at each forward stroke of the pendulum by an arm projecting forward from the pivotal
 end of the pendulum rod. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Method of Joining Boards [268]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The amateur wood-worker often has trouble in joining two boards together so that they will fit square and tight. The accompanying sketch shows a sim\-ple and effective method of doing this. Secure a board, A, about 12 in. wide that is perfectly flat. Fasten
 another board, B, about }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs206 {\charscalex107 in. wide, to the first one with screws or glue. Now place the board to be joined, C, on the board B, letting it extend over the inside edge about 1 in. and fasten\-ing it to the others with clamps at each end. Lay the plane on its
 side and }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 plane the edge straight. Place the second board in the clamps in the same manner as the first, only have the opposite side up. If the cutting edge of the blade is not vertical, the boards planed in this manner will fit as shown in the upper sketch. In us\-i
ng this method, first-class joints can be made without much trouble. --Con\-tributed by V}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20. {\charscalex107 Metzech, Chicago.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1843\absh-1133\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert48961\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m51515506.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex109 Toy }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex92 Gun }{\charscalex109 for Throwing Cardboard Squares [269]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The parts of the gun are attached to a thin piece of wood 1 in. wide and 5 in. long. It is best to use a piece of wood cut from the side or cover of a cigar box. A rectangular hole 3/16 in. wide and 1 in. long is cut in the wood longitudinally along its ax
is and 1-3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. from one end, as shown at A, Fig. 1. A small notch is made with the point of a knife blade at B and notches are cut in the end of the wood as shown at C. Rubber bands are fas\-tened in these notches as shown in Fig. 2. The trigger, whose di
mensions are given in Fig. 3, is fastened in the hole A, Fig. 1, by driving a pin through the wood. The assembled parts are shown in Fig. 4. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place the cardboard square in the nick B, attach the rubber bands and pull the trigger. The top rubber band will fly off and drive the cardboard }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3821\absh-2290\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert47713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_53cdbc60.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Toy Gun }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 square 75 ft. or more. The cardboard should be about 1/2 in. square. These can be cut from any old pasteboard box. --Contributed by Elmer A. Van\-derslice, Phoenixville, Pa.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Photographic Developing Tray [269]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Plates developed in an ordinary tray must be removed from the bath occa\-sionally for examination. The film when in a chemical-soaked condition is easily damaged. The tray illustrated herewith was made for the purpose of developing plates without having to 
take hold of them until the bath had completed its work, the examination being made through the plate and the bottom of the tray.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 A pocket is provided for the liquid developer in one end of the tray when }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 it }{\charscalex109 is turned up in a vertical position. A tray for developing 5 by 7-in. plates should be made 8 in. square inside. The side pieces with the grooves for the glass are shown in Fig. 1
. Two of each of these pieces are made with mitered ends. The short groove shown in the top piece of the illustration is for in\-serting the plate covering on the pocket end of the tray. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3840\absh-3950\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert54529\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m53bc9588.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Developing Tray with Glass Bottom }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two blocks, one-half the length of the side pieces, are put in between the glass plates to hold the plate being developed from dropping down. when the tray is tipped up in a vertical posi\-tion. The glass bottom of the tray is 8-1/2 in. square, which allows
 1/4 in. on all edges to set in the grooves of the side pieces. The wood pieces should be well soaked in hot paraffin, and the mitered corners well glued and nailed. -Contributed by J.A. Simonis, Fos\-toria, Ohio.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Iron Putty [269]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good filler used as a putty on iron castings may be made as follows: Take, by weight, 3 parts of stiff keg lead, 5 parts of black filler, 2 parts of whiting, 5 parts of pulverized silica and make into a paste with a mixture of one part each of coach japa
n, rubbing varnish and turpentine. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Rubber Bands in Kite Balancing Strings [270]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kite flyers will find it to their ad\-vantage to place rubber bands of  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3442\absh-4018\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert48609\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_25043d38.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bands in String }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 suitable size in the balancing strings to the kite, as shown in the illustration. This will prevent a "break-away" and also make the right pull, if only two bands are put in the lower strings. --Contrib\-uted by Thos. DeLoof, Grand Rapids, Michigan. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex108\fs20{\b An Aid in Sketching}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex108\fs20\fs20 [270]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sketching requires some little train\-ing, but with the apparatus here il\-lustrated an inexperienced person can obtain \tab excellent results. The apparatus is made of a box 8 in. deep, 8 in. wide and about 1 ft. long. A double convex lens, G, is fitted in a br
ass tube which should have a sliding fit in another shorter and larger tube fastened to the end of the box. A mirror, II, is set at an angle of 45 deg. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2131\absh-1805\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14881\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_mc6ac184.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 in the opposite end of the box. This reflects the rays of light passing through the lens to the surface K, which may be either of ground or plain glass. The lid or cover EF pro\-tects the glass and. keeps the strong light out when sketching. The inside of t
he box and brass tube are painted a dull black. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In use, the device is set with the lens tube directed toward the scene to be painted or sketched and the lens focused so the reflected picture will be seen in sharp detail on the glass. Select your colors and put them on the respective colors depicted on t
he glass. If you wish to make a pencil drawing, all you have to do is to fill in the lines in the picture on the ground glass. If a plain glass is used, place tracing paper on its surface, and the picture can be drawn as described. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Miniature Electric Lamp Sockets [270]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A socket for a miniature lamp can be made as shown in the sketch. A brass spring wire is wound around the base of the threads on the lamp and an eye turned on each end to receive a screw and a binding-post, as shown in Fig. 1. A piece of metal, preferably 
copper, is attached to a wood base as shown in Fig. 2 and the coil-spring socket fastened across it in the opposite direc\-tion. Bend the wire so that the spring presses the lamp against the metal. If the wire fits the lamp loosely, remove the lamp and pres
s the sides of the coil closer together. The metal parts can }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3552\absh-1574\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_20e9413d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wire Socket }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 be attached to any smooth surface of wood without making a regular base.  --Contributed by Abner B. Shaw, No. Dartmouth, Mass. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Imitation Arms and Armor-Part V [271]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The preceding chapters gave de\-scriptions of making arms in imitation of ancient weapons, and now the am\-ateur armorer must have some helmets to add to his collection. There is no limit to the size of the helmet, and it may be made as a model or full sized
. In constructing helmets, a mass of clay of any kind that is easily workable and fairly stiff, is necessary, says the Eng\-lish Mechanic, London. It must be kept moist and well kneaded. A large }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7594\absh-4440\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19777\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_124690ea.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Making the Clay Model and Three Helmet Designs }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Board or several planks, joined closely together, on which to place the clay, will be necessary. The size of this board will depend on the size of the work that is intended to be modeled }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20upon {\charscalex111 it. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The way to make a helmet is de\-scribed in the following method of pro\-ducing a German morion, shown in Fig. 1. This helmet has fleur-de-lis in embossed\'b7 work, and on each side is a badge of the civic regiment of the city of Munich. The side view of the hel
met is shown in Fig. 1.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The clay, is put on the board and modeled into the shape shown in Fig. 2. This is done with the aid of a pair of compasses, a few clay-modeling tools, and the deft use of the fingers. The fleur-de-lis are slightly raised, as in bas-relief. To aid in gettin
g the helmet in correct proportion on both sides, and over the crest on top, cut out the shape from a piece of wood, as shown in Fig. 3, with a keyhole saw. This wood being passed carefully and firmly over the clay will bring it into shape, and will also s
how where there may be any deficiencies in the model\-ing, which can then be easily remedied by adding more clay. The cut-out pattern shown in Fig. 4 is the side out\-line of the helmet. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Scraps of thin, brown, wrapping paper are put to soak in a basin of water to which has been added about a tablespoonful of size melted and well stirred, or some thin glue, and left over night to soak. The paper should be torn in irregular shapes about as l
arge as the palm of the hand. After the clay model is finished, give it a thin coat of oil-sweet or olive oil will answer the purpose very well. All being ready, the clay model oiled, and the basin of soaked paper near to hand, take, up one piece of paper 
at a time and very carefully place it upon the model, pressing it well on the clay and into and around any crevices and patterns, and continue until the clay is completely covered. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This being done, give the paper a thin and even coating of glue, which must be quite hot and put on as quickly }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7546\absh-2774\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert60417\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2d41f24a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 as possible. Put on a second layer of paper as carefully as before, then an\-other coating of glue, and so on, until there are from four to six coats of glue and paper. When dry, the paper coating should be quite stout and strong enough for the helmet to be
 used for ornamental purposes. Before taking it off the model, which should be no difficult matter, owing to the clay being oiled, trim off any ragged edges of paper with a sharp knife, and smooth and finish all over with some fine sandpaper. The paper is 
then given a thin coat of glue and sections of tinfoil stuck on to give it a finished appearance. When the helmet is off the model, make holes with a small awl at equal distances, through which to insert some fancy brass nails, bend\-ing the points over and
 flat against the inside of the helmet. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A vizor helmet is shown in Fig. 5. This helmet has a movable vizor in the front that can be lifted up, a crest on top, and around the neck a narrow gorget which rests upon the wearer's shoulders. The whole helmet. with the exception of the vizor, should be
 modeled and made in one piece. The vizor can then be made and put in place with a brass-headed nail on each side. The oblong slits in front of the vizor must be carefully marked out with a pencil and cut through with a knife or chisel. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In Fig. 6 is shown an Italian casque of a foot soldier of the sixteenth cen\-tury. This helmet may have the ap\-pearance of being richly engraved as shown in one-half of the drawing, or, a few lines running down, as seen in the other part of the sketch, will
 make it look neat. The band is decorated with brass studs. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An Italian cabasset of the sixteenth century is shown in Fig. 7. This hel\-met is elaborately decorated with fancy and round-headed nails, as shown: in the design. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In Fig. 8 is shown a large bassinet with a hinged vizor which comes very much forward, so as to allow the wearer to breathe freely. This helmet was worn about the sixteenth century, and was probably used for tilting and tournaments. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A burgonet skull-cap of the seven\-teenth century is shown in Fig. 9. The vizor is composed of a single bar of metal, square in shape, which slides up and down in an iron socket attached to the front of the helmet, and is held in any position by a thumbscre
w as shown in the illustration. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A hole in the peak of the helmet allows it to hang in front of the wearer's face. This contrivance should be made of wood, the helmet to be modeled in three pieces, the skullcap, peak and lobster shell neck guard in one piece, and the ear guards in two pie
ces, one for each side. The center of the ear guards are perforated. All of the helmets are made in the same manner as described for Fig. 1. They are all covered with tinfoil. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Repair Linoleum [273]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A deep crack or fissure right in front of the kitchen cabinet spoiled the ap\-pearance of the new linoleum. The damaged spot was removed with a sharp knife and from a left-over scrap a piece was cut of the same outline and size. The edges were varnished and
 then the patch was set in the open space. The linoleum was given a good coat of varnish making it more durable. When perfectly dry, the piecing could not be detected. --Con\-tributed by Paul Keller, Indianapolis, Indiana. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex109\fs20{\b How to Make an Electric Stove}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex109\fs20\fs20 [273]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi180\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The parts necessary for making an electric stove are: Two metal pie plates of the same size; 4 lb. of fire clay; two ordinary binding posts; about 1 lb. of mineral wool, or, if this cannot be obtained, thick sheet asbes\-tos; one oblong piece of wood, 1 in.
 thick, 12 in. wide and 15 in. long; one small switch; one fuse block; about 80 ft. of No. 22 gauge resistance wire, \-German-silver wire is better, as it stands a higher temperature; two mid\-dle-sized stove bolts with nuts; one glass tube, about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex55\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. in
 diameter and 9 in. long, which can be bought from a local druggist, and two large 3-in. screws. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a neat appearance is desired, the wood can be thoroughly sandpapered on one side and the corners and edges rounded off on the upper side. Punch holes in one of the pie plates, as shown in Fig. 1. The two holes, E and F, are on the rim and should be exac
tly on a line with the hole D punched in the center. The holes B and C are about 3 in. apart and should be at equal dis\-tances from the center hole D. The rim of the second plate is drilled to make two holes, AA, Fig. 2, that will match the holes E and F i
n the first plate, Fig. 1. A round collar of gal\-vanized iron, FF, Fig. 4, 3 in. high, is made with a diameter to receive the first plate snugly. Two small flaps are cut and turned out and holes  punched in their centers, AA, to re\-ceive screws for holding
 it to the base. Two bolts are soldered in the holes E and F, Fig. 1, and used to hold the }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-3552\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m358775c1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Electric Stove }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 rims of both plates together, when they are placed in opposite positions, as shown in Fig. 4. This will make an open space between the plates. The collar is then screwed to one end of the base, as shown in Fig. 2. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Two holes are bored through the base to correspond with the holes D and A in the bottom plate. The glass tube is cut to make two pieces, each 4-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex74\i  }{\charscalex109 in. long. This can be done easily by filing a nick in the tube at the proper point and breaking it. These tu
bes are forced into the holes bored in the base, and, if the measurements are correct, should extend about 1/4}{\charscalex55  }{\charscalex109 in. above the collar. The mineral wool, JJ}{\i , }{\charscalex109 Fig. 4, is then packed down inside the collar, until it is within 1 in. of the top. This will allow t
he plate, Fig. 1, to rest on the wool and the ends of the glass tubes, GG, Fig. 4, to project through the holes D and A of the plate, Fig. 1. The rim of the plate should be level with the top edge of the collar. If asbestos is used, the sheets should be cu
t into disks having the same diameter as the inside of the collar, and holes cut to coincide with the holes D and A of the plate. The small scraps should be dampened and made into pulp to fill the space H, Fig. 4. The plate, Fig. 1, is held to the base by 
two screws which are run through the holes BC and take the position shown by DD, Fig. 4. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The two binding-posts are attached on the base at D, Fig. 2, also the switch B and the fuse block C, holes being bored in the base to make the wire connections. The reverse side of the base, with slits cut for the wires, is shown in Fig. 3. The points mark
ed BB are the glass tubes; AA, the holes leading to the switch; and C, the fuse block. The wires run through the glass tubes GG, Fig. 4, are allowed to project about 1 in. for connections. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The best way to find the correct length of the resistance wire is to take a large clay or drain tile and wind the wire tightly around it, allowing a space between each turn. The tile is then set on its side with a block or brick under each end. It should n
ot be set on end, as the turns of the wires, when heated, will slip and come in contact with each other, causing a short circuit. When the tile is in place, a short piece of fuse wire is fastened to each of its two ends. A 5-ampere fuse wire is about stron
g enough. A con\-nection is made to these two wires from an electric-light socket. The wire will get hot but probably remain the same color. If this is the case, one of the feed wires is disconnected from the fuse wire and gradually moved farther down the c
oil until a point is found where the resistance wire glows a dull red. This point marks the proper length to cut it, as the wire should not be allowed to become any hotter. If the wire gets bright hot when the current is turned on, more wire should be adde
d. The wire is then made into a long coil by winding it around a large wire nail. The coils should be open and about 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex109 in. apart. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Next, the fire clay is moistened and well mixed, using care not to get it too wet. It should have the proper con\-sistency to mould well. The clay, II, Fig. 4, is then packed in the first plate to a height of about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82  }{\charscalex109 in. above the rim. While the clay is d
amp, one end of the coil is connected with the wire in the central glass tube, and the coil laid in a spiral winding on the damp clay, KK, and pressed into it. When this is done, the other end is connected to the wire projecting from the outer glass tube. 
As these connections can\-not be soldered, the ends of the wires should be twisted closely together, so that the circuit will not become broken. Make sure that the coils of wire do not touch each other or the top plate. The fuse wire (about 5 amperes) is pu
t into the fuse block, and wires with a socket adapter connected to the two binding-posts. The top plate is put in place and screwed down. This completes the stove. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It should be set aside in a warm place for a few days to dry out the packing. If it is not thoroughly dry, steam will form when the current is applied. It should not be left heated in this condition. The top plate is used when cooking and removed when maki
ng toast. --Contributed by R. H. Cnonyn, St. Catherines, Can. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Weights for Athletes [274]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many times boys would like to make their own shots and weights for }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3816\absh-1886\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1c5278ff.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Mold for the Lead }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 athletic stunts, but do not know how to go about it to cast the metal. In making a lead sphere as shown in the illustra\-tion, it is not necessary to know the method of molding. The round lead weight for shot-putting or hammer \-throwing can be cast in a hol
low card\-board or pressed-paper ball, sold in department and toy stores for 10 cents. Cut a 1/2-in. hole in the ball as shown in Fig. 1 and place it with the hole up }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 in damp sand and press or tamp the sand lightly around the ball as shown in the section, F
ig. 2. Cover over about 1 in. deep. A wood plug in\-serted in the hole will prevent any sand falling inside. When the sand is tamped in and the plug removed, it leaves a gate for the metal. Pour melted lead into the gate until it is full, then, when cool, s
hake it out from the sand and remove the charred paper. A file can be used to remove any rough places. The dry paper ball prevents any sputtering of the hot lead. --Con\-tributed by W. A. Jaquythe, Rich\-mond, Cal. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing Pies from Pans [275]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sometimes the juices from a hot pie make it stick to the pan so tightly that a knife blade must be run under to cut it loose. If a knife with a flexible blade is not used, the pie will be damaged.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3629\absh-1152\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert5249\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m61fb173.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Separating Pies from Pans }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the pie pans are provided with the simple attachment shown in the accompanying sketch, the baked dough can be separated from the tin with one revolution of the cutter. The cutter is made from a piece of heavy tin, bent to the same outline as the in\-side
 of the pan and pivoted at its center.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Stretcher for Drying Photograph Prints [275]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A quick and convenient way to dry prints is to place them on a cheese\-cloth stretcher. Such a stretcher can be made on a light wood frame, con\-structed of 3/4-in. square material in any size, but 12 by 24 in. is large enough. The end pieces B are fast\-ened
 on top of the long side pieces A, and the cheesecloth C stretched and tacked over them, as shown. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The prints should be placed face up on the cloth, and the frame set near a window. If the stretcher is made in }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-2770\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert61409\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3c5bee49.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cloth on the Frame }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 this way, the air can enter from both top and bottom, and the prints will dry rapidly. Several of these frames can be stacked and a large number of prints thus dried at the same time.\- --Contributed by Andrew G. Thorne, Louisville, Ky. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Temporary Funnel [275]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The amateur photographer often has some solution which he desires to put into a bottle which his glass funnel will not fit, says the Photographic Times. The funnel made by rolling up a piece of paper usually allows half of the solution to run down the out\-
side of the bottle, thereby causing the amateur to be dubbed a "musser," A better way is to take an ordinary en\-velope and cut it off as shown by the dotted lines. Then clip a little off the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3053\absh-1834\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27297\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_mf81cf29.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paper Funnel }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 point, open out, and you have a funnel that will not give any trouble. It is cheap and you can afford to throw it away when dirty, thereby saving time and washing. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 An {\charscalex108 Electric Engine [276]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The parts of this engine are sup\-ported on a base 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, }{\f4 4 }{\charscalex108 in. wide and 7}{\charscalex50\i\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. long. The upright B, Fig. }{\charscalex116 1, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi90\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3658\absh-1238\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28161\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4f1ad4c2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shaft Turned by Magnetism }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 which is 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex60  }{\charscalex108 in. thick and 3 in. high, is secured across the base about one-third of the distance from one end and fas\-tened with a wood screw put through from the under side. The magnet core C is made of a carriage bolt, 2-1/2 in. long, which is fastened 
in a hole in the top part of the upright B so that the end C will protrude slightly. Be\-fore placing the bolt in the hole of the upright, slip on two cardboard wash\-ers, each 1 in. in diameter, one at the head end and the other against the upright B. Wrap 
a thin piece of paper around the bolt between the washers and wind the space full of No. 22\- gauge magnet wire, allowing each end to project for connections. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The driving arm D, Figs. 1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex151  }{\charscalex108 and 3, is made of a piece of soft sheet iron, 1/2}{\charscalex59  }{\charscalex108 in. wide and 3 in. long. A small block is fastened to the lower end of the metal and pivoted between two uprights, 1/2 }{\charscalex60  }{\charscalex108 in. high, which are fastened to the base. The uprights on e
ach side of the block are better shown in Fig. 3. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Two supports, each 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82\i  }{\charscalex108 in. thick and 3 in. high, are fastened with screws about half way between the end of the base and the upright B, Fig. }{\charscalex116 1. }{\charscalex108 The end view of these supports is shown in Fig. 2, at GG. A 1/8-in. hole is bored through the top part of each s
upport so they will be in a line for the axle. The axle is made of a piece of steel 1/8 in. in diameter and about 4 in. long. An offset is bent in the center, as shown, for the crank. A small fly\-wheel is attached to one end of the shaft. The connecting ro
d E, Fig. }{\charscalex123 1, }{\charscalex108 is made of wood and fastened to the upper end of the driving arm D with a small screw or nail. The contact F is made of a strip of copper, 14 in. wide. This is to open and close the circuit when the engine is running. The con\-nections are made
 as shown in Fig. }{\charscalex116 1. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Connect two dry cells to the bind\-ing-posts and turn the flywheel. The current passing through the magnet pulls the driving arm toward the bolt head, which gives the shaft a half turn. The turning of the shaft pulls the arm away from the copper piece F, ca
us\-ing a break in the current. As the shaft revolves, the arm is again brought back against the copper strip F, thus the current is broken and ap\-plied at each revolution of the shaft.\- --Contributed by S. W. Herron, Le Mars, Iowa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Child's Home-Made Swing Seat [276]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very useful swing or seat for chil\-dren can be made from a box or pack\-ing case. Procure a box of the right size and saw it out in the shape shown in the illustration. The apron or board in front slides on the two front ropes. The board can be raised to 
place the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2880\absh-3974\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29313\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_31f0176f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Made of a Box }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 child in the box and to remove him. The ropes are fastened to the box by tying knots in their ends and driving staples over them. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Clay Flower Pots Used for Bird Houses [277]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A novel use of the common garden flower pot may be made by enlarging the small opening at the bottom with a pair of pliers, and carefully breaking the clay away until the opening is large enough to admit a small bird. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place the pot, bottom side up, on a board, 3 in. wider than the diameter of the largest pot used, and fasten it to the board with wood cleats and brass screws. Fit the cleats as close as possible to the sides of the pot. One or more pots may be used, as sh
own in the sketch. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The board on which the pots are fastened is nailed or screwed to a post or pole 10 or 12 ft. in height. The board is braced with lath or similar strips of wood, making a framework suitable for a roost. In designing the roost, the lath can be arranged to ma
ke it quite attractive, or the braces may be of twigs and branches of a tree to make a rustic effect. --Contributed by William F. Stecher, Dorchester, Mass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3614\absh-5189\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28705\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5344e410.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pots Fastened to the Board }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Location of a Gas Meter [277]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The gas meter should not be located in a warm place or the gas will expand before the meter measures it and the gas bill will be proportionately in\-creased. Gas expands by about 1/491 part of its volume for each deg. F. that it is heated. If the meter is w
armed 10 deg. F., it will make the gas cost over 2 per cent more, without any corre\-sponding benefit. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Rope Grills [277]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Beautiful and useful household orna\-ments, grills and gratings for doors, windows, shelves, odd corners, etc., can be made by the following method at a slight cost and by anyone pos\-sessing a little ingenuity. The mate\-rials required are rope or, preferabl
y, common window cord (called sash cord) about 5/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex109 in. in diameter; ordi\-nary glue, paraffin and paint or varnish. A few strips of wood or molding are very handy to use around the edges. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The design must be considered first and when one is selected, if it is other than straight lines, adopt the method described. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take a smooth flat board and layout the design or designs which, when combined, will produce the pattern desired. Drive finishing nails at the angle points or along curves as re\-quired. Coat the board along the lines of the patterns with melted paraffin, u
sing an ordinary painter's brush to prevent the ropes from sticking to the boards after they are soaked in glue and run around the nails. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Soak the sash cord in common glue sizing for a short time, then bend or twist it along or around the lines de\-sired, as shown in Fig. 1, and give it time to dry. The bottom part of the sketch, Fig. 1, shows a method of winding the rope on a round stick to 
make circular objects. Wind the }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7550\absh-3374\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36833\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2f0e79b3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 2-Designs for Grills }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 de}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex110 sired number of turns and when dry, cut and glue them together. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-6106\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28737\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4435b1d9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3154\absh-1070\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3f3eeba2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex116 Fig. I-Method of Forming the }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20Rope }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In Fig. 2, six designs are shown. These suggest ideas in making up com\-binations or in plain figures and the number is limited only by the ingenu\-ity of the designer. --Contributed by Geo. M. Harrer, Lockport, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Simple and Effective Filter [278]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 Procure an ordinary lamp chimney and fit two or three thicknesses of cheese \-cloth over the end of it. Press a tuft of absorbent cotton into the small part of the neck to a }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20dep{\charscalex149\f4 t}h of {\charscalex110 about 3 in. Insert the chimney in a hole cut in a wood shelf used as a sup
port. Pour the water in until the filter is filled, when it will be observed that any organic matter, chips of iron rust, etc., will be retained by the cotton. The fine organic matter may penetrate the cotton for about }{\charscalex142 1 }{\charscalex110 in., but no farther. The resultant 
filtered water will be clear and pure. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2280\absh-2971\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert13729\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6ccd45be.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cutting Tools [278]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cutting point of a tool should never be below the centers. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Imitation Arms and Armor-Part VI [279]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A mass of any kind of clay that is easily modeled and fairly stiff must be prepared and kept moist and well kneaded for making the models over which paper is formed to make the shape of the articles illustrated in these sketches. A modeling board must be m
ade of one large board or several pieces joined closely together upon which to work the clay, says the English Mechanic, London. The size of the board depends upon the size of the work to be made. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7363\absh-3864\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert65377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5208eebb.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Armor and Clay Models }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An open chamfron of the fifteenth century is shown in Fig. 1. This piece of horse armor, which was used in front of a horse's head, makes a splendid center for a shield on which are fixed the swords, etc., and is a good piece for the amateur armorer to try
 his hand on in the way of modeling in clay or papier mache work. The opening for the animal to put his head into is semicircular, and the sides do not cover the jaws. As the main part of this armor is worn in front of the head the extreme depth is about 4
 in. The entire head piece must be modeled in clay with the hands, after which it is covered with a thin and even coating of sweet or pure olive oil. A day be\-fore making the clay model some pieces of thin, brown wrapping paper are torn in irregular shapes
 to the, size of the palm of the hand and put to soak in a basin of water in which a table\-spoonful of size has been dissolved. If size cannot be obtained from your lo\-cal painter, a weak solution of glue will do equally well. All being ready, and the clay
 model oiled, take up one piece of paper at a time and very care\-fully place it on the surface of the model, pressing it on well and into and around any crevices and patterns. Con\-tinue this operation until the clay model is completely covered on every par
t. This being done, give the paper a thin and even coating of glue, which must be quite hot and laid on as quickly as possible. Lay on a second layer of paper as carefully as before, then another coat of glue, and so on until there are five or six coats of
 glue and paper. When this is dry it will be strong enough for all ornamental purposes. The ragged edges of the paper are trimmed off with a sharp knife and the whole surface smoothed with fine sandpaper. Then carefully glue on sections of tinfoil to give 
the armor the appearance of steel. The armor is now removed from the model. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 A mitten gauntlet of the fifteenth century is shown in Fig. 2. This can be made in one piece, with the exc}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20eption of the thumb shield, which is separate. The thumb shield is at\-tached to the thumb of an old glove which is fastened with round headed nails on
 the inside of the gauntlet. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3576\absh-2803\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26177\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6bd640d9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Corrugated Breastplate and Former }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The part covering the wrist is a cir\-cular piece, but the back is not neces\-sary, as it would not be seen when the gauntlet is hanging in its place. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In Fig. 3 is shown a gauntlet of the seventeenth century with separately articulated fingers. This gauntlet may be molded in one piece, except the thumb and fingers, which must be made separately and fastened with the thumb shield to the leather glove that
 is at\-tached to the inside of the gauntlet, the same as in Fig. 2. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A breastplate and tassets of the sixteenth century are shown in Fig. 4. The tassets are separate and at\-tached to the front plate with straps and buckles, as shown in the sketch. There is a belt around the waist which helps to hold the back plate on. At\-ta
ched to the back of the plate would be two short straps at the shoulder. These are passed through the buckles shown at the top right and left-hand corners of the front plate. For decor\-ative purposes the back plate need not be made, and therefore it is not
 de\-scribed. The method of making armor is the same as of making helmets, but as larger pieces are formed it is well to use less clay owing to the bulk and weight. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An arrangement is shown in Fig. 5 to reduce the amount of clay used. This triangular-shaped support, which can be made in any size, is placed on the modeling board or bench and cov\-ered with clay. This will make the model light and easy to move around, and
 will require less clay. It is not necessary to have smooth boards; the rougher the better, as the surface will hold the clay. The clay forms modeled up ready to receive the patches of brown paper on the surface are shown in Figs. 6 and 7. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A German fluted armor used at the beginning of the sixteenth century is shown in Fig. 8. The breastplate and tassets of this armor are supposed to be in one piece, but for convenience in making it will be found best to make them separately and then glue th
em together after they are taken from the model. A narrow leather belt placed around the armor will cover the joint. Fluted armor takes its name from a series of corrugated grooves, 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex74  }{\charscalex108 in. in depth, running down the plate. A piece of board, cut into the s
hape shown in Fig. 9, will be very useful for marking out the fluted lines. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Hand Vise [280]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A vise for holding small articles while filing can be made as shown in the illustration. The vise consists of  three pieces of wood, two for the jaws and one a wedge. The hinge for connecting the two jaws is made of four small screw eyes, two in each jaw. 
When locating the place for the screw eyes, place the two in one jaw so they will fit between the two of the other jaw. Put a nail through the eyes when the jaws are matched to\-gether and they are ready for the wedge in clamping the article to be filed. --
\-Contributed by John G. Buxton, Re\-dondo Beach, Calif. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2266\absh-1949\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert46529\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1b7b039.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex108 Detector for}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex108 Slight Electrical Charges [281]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A thin glass bottle is thoroughly cleaned and fitted with a rubber stop\-per. A hole is made through the center of the stopper large enough to admit a small brass rod. The length of this rod will be governed by the shape of the bottle, but 3-1/2 in. will be
 about right. The bottom of the rod is bent and two pieces of aluminum foil, each about 1/4 in. wide and 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. long, are glued to it. The two pieces of foil, fastened to the rod, are better shown in Fig. 2. Fasten a polished brass ball to, the top of the
 rod, and the instrument is ready for use. Place the article which you wish to test near the ball, and if it holds a }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-4128\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62721\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7f7a4f5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Aluminum Foil in a Bottle }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 slight electrical charge, the two pieces of foil will draw together. If it does not hold a charge, the foils will not move. --Contributed by Ralph L. La Rue, Goshen, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Fishing through Ice with a Tip-Up [281]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The tip-up, used for signaling the fisherman when a fish is caught, is made of a 1/4-in. pine board, about 15 in. long, 2-1/2 in. wide at one end and narrowing down to about 1 in at the other. At a point 6 in. from the smaller end, the board should be cut 
slightly wider and a 1/2-in. hole bored through it. Two or three wrap\-pings of fine copper wire may be wound around the board on each side of the hole to give added strength. Both ends of the board should be notched deeply.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A long gash is cut in the ice and then a round hole is made with a chisel, as this will cut under the water without splashing. The chipped ice can be removed with a pail. A rod or round stick of wood is passed through the hole in the tip-up and placed acro
ss the round hole, as shown in the illustration. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-1464\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62721\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_614562b8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tip-Up in Place}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The fishhook is baited in the usual way and hung on a line from the short end of the tip-up. When a fish is hooked, the other end will tip up and signal the fisherman. Any number of holes can be cut in the ice and a tip-up used in each, thus enabling one p
erson to take care of as many lines. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Candle Holder [281]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The candlestick or holder shown in the illustration is made of an ordi\-nary tin can, such as is used for canning salmon or potted ham. Three triangular cuts are made in the cover or bottom of the can and the points turned up about the can die. The can may 
be bronzed, silvered, enameled or other\-wise decorated, thus making it orna\-mental as well as useful. --Contributed by Mrs. A. M. Bryan, Corsicana, Texas. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Match Holder of Wood and Metal [282]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi278\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very simple piece of art craft work is easily made, as follows: Secure a piece of paper and upon it draw the outline and design, as indicated in the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3658\absh-6173\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert25569\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_eaddc02.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Match Holder }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 accompanying sketch. The size may be made to suit the taste of the worker. A good size is 5 in. wide by 6 in. long over all. The metal holder should be proportioned to this size, as shown. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Having completed the drawing, take a piece of thin wood, 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex109 or 1/4 in. thick, and trace upon it the design and out\-line, using a piece of carbon paper. A couple of thumb tacks should be used to fasten the paper and design in place. Put the tacks in the li
nes of the de\-sign so that the holes will not show in the finished piece. Any kind of wood will do. Basswood or butternut, or even pine, will do as well as the more expensive woods. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Next prepare the metal holder. This may be made of brass or copper and need not be of very heavy gauge-No. 22 is plenty heavy enough. The easiest way to get the shape of the metal is to make a paper pattern of the develop\-ment. The illustration shows how t
his will look and the size of the parts for the back dimensioned above. Trace this shape on the metal with the carbon paper and cut it out by means of metal shears. Polish the metal, using pow\-dered pumice and lye, then with a nail, punch the holes, throug
h which small round-head brass screws are to be placed to hold the metal to the wood back. Carefully bend the metal to shape by placing it on the edge of a board and putting another board on top and over the lower edge so as to keep the bending true. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The wood back may be treated in quite a variety of ways. If soft wood, such as basswood or pine was used, it may be treated by burning with the pyrography outfit. If no outfit is at hand a very satisfactory way is to take a knife and cut a very small V-sha
ped groove around the design and border so as to keep the colors from "running." Next stain the leaves of the conven\-tional plant with a little green wood dye and with another dye stain the petals of the flower red. Malachite and mahogany are the colors to
 use. Rub a coat of weathered oil stain over the whole back and wipe dry with a cloth. The green and red are barbarously bril\-liant when first put on, but by covering them at the same time the background is colored brown, they are "greyed" in a most pleasi
ng manner. When it has dried over night, put a coat or two of wax and polish over the wood as the directions on the can suggest. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The metal holder may next be fas\-tened in place. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If one has some insight in carving, the background might be lowered and the plant modeled, the whole being fin\-ished in linseed oil. If carving is con\-templated, hard woods such as cherry or mahogany should be used. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Protecting the Fingers from Chemicals [283]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The finger nails and fingers may be easily protected from stains of chem\-icals by coating them with a wax made up as follows: Melt white wax in the same manner as melting glue. This may be done by cutting the wax into small pieces, placing them in a vessel
 and setting the vessel in boiling water. To each ounce of melted wax thor\-oughly stir in 1 dr. of pure olive oil. The fingers should be dipped into the wax while it is in a liquid state. This will form a coating that will permit the free use of the finger
s, yet pro\-tects the skin from the chemicals. It is useful for photographers. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Combined Turning Rings and Swings [283]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This trapeze, with rings for the large boys and a swing for the smaller ones, can be made on the same standards. Instead of the usual two short ropes, tied and bolted through the top cross\-timber bore two holes large enough for the ropes to pass through ea
sily. Pass the rope along the crosspiece and down the post and tie it to cleats nailed at a height that can be easily reached. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 At the ends of the crosspiece drive two nails, allowing them to project 1 or 2 in. This will keep the rope from slipping off when the rings and swing are raised and lowered. All sharp edges should be sandpapered to prevent }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3643\absh-2506\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_67e5378.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rings and Swing }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the rope from being cut. A board with notches cut in the ends will make a good swing board which can be re\-moved instantly. --Contributed by W. A. Jaquythe, Richmond, Cal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Telegraph Key [283]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3749\absh-1997\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24737\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m36de8255.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Key and Connections }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 A piece of wood, 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex77\i  }{\charscalex109 in. thick, 2 in. wide and 5 in. long, is used for the base of this instrument. Two wire nails, each 1 in. long, are used for the cores of the magnets. Each nail is wound with three or four layers of fine insulated magnet wire, about No
. 25 gauge, similar to that used in elec\-tric bells, leaving about 1/4}{\charscalex79\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. of the end bare so that they may be driven into the wood base. The connections for the coils are shown in the sketch, }{\charscalex120 at }{\charscalex106 A.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 About 1 in. behind the coils is fas\-tened a small block of wood, the top of which is just even with the top of the nails in the coils. A piece of tin, cut in the shape of the letter T, is fastened with two screws to the top of this block, and the end bent 
slightly so as to clear the top of the nails about 1/32 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The key lever is cut from a thin piece of wood, in the shape shown in the sketch, and pivoted in a slotted block which is used as a base for the key. A piece of bare copper wire is fastened along the under side of the key, as shown by the dotted lines. A r
ubber band, passing over the end of the key and attached to the base with a tack, acts as a spring to keep the key open. A small piece of tin is fastened to the base under the knob of the key. This is for making the contact between the copper on the key an
d the wires from the coils, when the key is pushed down. --Contributed by W. H. Lynas. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Protecting Sleeves [283]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bicycle trousers-guards make excel\-lent sleeve bands when the cuffs are turned back and rolled above the elbows. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Imitation Arms and Armor-Part VII [284]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The helmets, breastplates and gaunt\-lets described in parts V and VI can be used in making up a complete model for a full suit of armor of any size, as shown in Fig. 1. All of the parts for the armor have been described, except that for the legs. Figure 2 
shows how the armor is modeled on the side of the left leg. The clay is modeled as described in previous chapters, the paper covering put on, and the tinfoil applied in imitation of steel. The chain mail seen between and behind the tas\-sets is made by sewi
ng small steel rings on a piece of cloth as shown in Fig. 3. These rings may be purchased at a hardware store or harness shop. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The whole figure when completed is placed on a square box covered with red or green baize. The armor should be supported by a light frame of wood built up on the inside, says the English Mechanic, London. Two vertical pieces are firmly attached to the box 
so they will extend up inside the legs, and at the top of them is attached a crosspiece on which is placed a verti\-cal stick high enough to carry the hel\-met. The two lower pieces must be built up and padded out with straw, then covered with red. cloth or 
baize to represent the legs. }
\par 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3514\absh-6941\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert60129\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6cf0bb07.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Full Suit of Armor }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In making up the various pieces for a full model it will be found very con\-venient to use rope, a stout cord or strings in making up the patterns on the parts. Instead of using brass \-headed nails, brass paper fasteners will be found useful. These can be p
ur\-chased at a stationery store. Secure the kind having a round brass head from which hang two brass tongues. These are pushed through a hole and spread out flat on the opposite side. Other materials can be used in the place of tinfoil to represent steel. 
Silver paper will do very well, but if either the tinfoil or silver paper are found difficult to manipulate, go over the armor with a coat of silver paint put on with a brush. When dry give the surface a coat of varnish. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Tripod Holder [284]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An inexpensive tripod holder, one that will prevent the tripod from slip\-ping on a smooth floor, and prevent the points from doing damage to the polished surface or puncturing an ex\-pensive rug or carpet, can be made in a few minutes' time, says Camera Cra
ft. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure two strips of wood, or ordi\-nary plaster laths will do, and plane them down to a thickness of 3/16 in., for the sake of lightness. Cut them to a length or 40 in. and round off the ends to improve their appearance. Take the piece shown in Fig. 1 and 
drill a 1/4-in. hole in the center, and eight small holes, 1 in. apart, at each end. In one end of the piece, Fig. 2, make the same series of eight small holes and, in the other end, drill six 1/4-in. holes, 3 in. apart. A 1/4-in. flat \-headed carriage bol
t, about 1 in. long, completes the equipment. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The two pieces are bolted together, not too tight, and the points of the tripod legs inserted in their respective small holes. So set up, there is abso\-lutely no danger of one of the legs slipping out of position. By moving the position of the bolt from, o
ne to another of the larger holes in the strip, Fig. 2, almost any desired inclination of the camera can be secured. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The same sort of simple apparatus built slightly stronger, and with a }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 small caster under each of the three series of small holes, makes an  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3624\absh-2918\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert45601\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6b63589e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Tripod Cannot Slip}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 excellent tripod clamp for use when the camera has to be shifted about, as in portraiture and the like. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Weave a Shoestring Watch Fob [285]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Having procured a pair of ordinary shoestrings, take both ends of one of them and force the ends through the middle of the other, leaving a loop 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex75\i  }{\charscalex108 in. long, as shown in Fig. 2. In this sketch, A is the first string and B is the second, doubled and run 
through the web of A. Take hold of the loop and turn it as shown in Fig. 2, allow\-ing the four ends to hang in four di\-rections. Start with one end, the one marked A, in Fig. }{\charscalex115 1, }{\charscalex108 for instance, and lay it over the one to the right. Then take B and lay it ove
r A, and the one beneath C; lay Cover B and the one under D, and then lay D over C and stick the end under A. Then draw all four ends up snugly. Commence the next layer by laying the end A back over B and D; D over A and C; C over D and B, then B over C an
d the end stuck under A. Proceed in the same manner and keep on until about 1-1/2}{\charscalex82  }{\charscalex108 in. of the ends remain unwoven. Four pins stuck through each corner and into the layers will hold the ends from coming apart. The ends of the strings are raveled out so as to
 make a tassel. This will make a square fob which will appear as shown in Fig. 4. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A round fob is made in a similar way, taking the same start as for the square fob, but instead of reversing }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3715\absh-4358\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15777\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5ee60478.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fobs Made from Shoestrings }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 the ends of each alternate layer, always lap one string, as at A in Fig. 3. over the one to its right, as B, slipping }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 the last end of the four strings under and tightening all, as in making the square fob. Fasten the ends with pins and ravel out for a tass
el. The round fob is shown in Fig. 5. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A fob in the shape of a horseshoe can be made by taking four shoestrings and tying a small string around the middle of them, then weaving the lay\-ers both ways from the point where the strings are tied. A loop, 1-1/2 in. long, is left out at the center bef
ore }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 starting on one side. The loop is for attaching the fob to the watch. After the weaving is complete and the tassel ends made, a small stiff wire is forced through the center to form the shape of a horseshoe. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Other designs can be made in the same manner. Strings of different colors will make up a very pretty fob, especially if silk strings are used. --Con\-tributed by John P. Rupp, Monroe\-ville, Ohio. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Table Mat of Leather [286]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The table mat, the design of which is shown herewith, is to be made of leather. It may be made of Russian calf and the background modeled down }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3552\absh-4277\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert45857\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_384db6b2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pattern for the Table Mat }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 as has been described in several previ\-ous articles dealing with leather work. To do this the leather is moistened on the back side just enough to make the leather take the impression of the tool, but not enough to make the mois\-ture show through on the fa
ce. Any smooth piece of steel, such as a nut pick, that will not cut or scratch the leather and will make a V-shaped de\-pression will do. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A second method is to secure a piece of sheepskin and, using the reverse }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 side, outline the design by means of a pyrographer's outfit. This manner of treating leather is so common that it needs no description. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A third method is to secure a piece of sheep or goat skin, trace the design on the reverse side by means of carbon paper, and put the outline and design in with brush and stains such as are sold for this purpose. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying pattern shows but one-fourth of the mat. Draw the one-fourth on paper to the size desired and then fold on lines A and B, tracing this one-fourth on the other parts by the insertion of double-surfaced carbon paper. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 On the calfskin the pattern is to be held on the leather and the tool worked over the pattern to get the outline transferred. After this the pattern is to be removed and the leather modeled. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Sad Iron Polisher [286]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A small amount of wax is necessary on an iron for successful work. The wax is usually applied by hand to the heated sur\-face of the iron. A much better and handier way is to bore five or six holes in one end of the ironing board to a depth of half  its thi
ckness, filling them with wax, beeswax or paraffin, and covering them over with two thicknesses of muslin. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2131\absh-1536\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert45025\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m60e8d93d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The rubbing of the hot iron over this cloth absorbs just enough of the wax to make the iron work smoothly. When the supply of wax is exhausted, it can be easily renewed. --Contribut\-ed by A. A. Houghton, Northville, Mich. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Making Coins Stick to Wood by Vacuum [287]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take a quarter and place it flat against a vertical surface of wood such }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1709\absh-2419\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_41131a75.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 as the side of a book\-case, door facing or door panel, and strike it hard with a down\-ward sliding motion, pressing it against the wood. Take the hand away and the coin will remain on the woodwork. The striking and pressure expel the air be\-tween the quart
er and the wood, thus forming a vacuum sufficient to hold the coin. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Simple and Safe Method for Sending Coins by Mail [287]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sending coins by mail is not as a rule advisable, but sometimes it }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m67f53bc7.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 How the Paper is Folded }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 becomes necessary, and usually a regular coin mailer is not available. A very simple and secure way to wrap a coin or coins for mailing is as follows: Pro\-cure a piece of heavy paper, nearly as wide as the envelope is long, and about 12 in. long. Fold on t
he dotted lines shown by A and B in the sketch, and slip the coin in the pocket thus formed. Fold together on lines C, D, E and F, making the last two folds wide enough to fit snugly in the envelope. This method holds the coin in the center of the envelope
 where it cannot work around and cut through the edges.\- --Contributed by O. J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex107 Thompson, Pe\-tersburg, Ill. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Mounting Photographs in Plaster Plaques [287]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Purchase a few pounds of plaster of paris from your local druggist and se\-lect a dish of the desired shape in which to make your cast. The size of the dish will depend on the size of the print to be mounted. Select the print you wish to mount, those on mat
te pa\-per will work best, and after wetting, place it face down in the dish, press into place and remove all drops of water with a soft cloth. Be sure and have the print in the center of the dish. Earthen dishes will be found more convenient, although tin 
ones can be used with good success, says Photo\-graphic Times. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Mix same of the plaster in clear water so it will be a little thick. Enough plaster should. be mixed to cover the bottom of the dish about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex77\i  }{\charscalex107 in. thick. Pour the plaster into the dish over the print and allow to stand until it becomes quite hard. The cast
 can then be removed and the print should be fast to it. If the print or plaster is inclined to stick, take a knife and gently pry around the edges and it can be removed without breaking. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Prints of any size may be used by having the mold or dish large enough to leave a good margin. This is a very important point as it is the margin that adds richness to all prints. Platinum or blueprint papers work well, but any }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 kind that will not stick may
 be used. After the plaster has thoroughly dried, any tint may be worked on the margin by the use of water colors; if blueprints are used, it is best to leave a plain white margin. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Iron Rest for an Ironing Board [288]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 A flatiron rest can be made on an ironing-board by driving a number of large tacks into one end of the board. The tacks should}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex105 be about 1 in. apart and driven in only part way, leaving about 1/4}{\charscalex63  }{\charscalex105 in. remaining above the sur\-face of the board. The hot iron w
ill not burn the wood and it cannot slip off the tacks. This iron rest is always with the board and ready when wanted.  --Contributed by Beatrice Oliver, New York, N. Y. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2170\absh-1440\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9697\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6873a703.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Instantaneous Crystallization [288] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dissolve 150 parts of hyposulphite of soda in 15 parts of water and pour the solution slowly into a test tube which has been warmed in boiling water, filling the same about one\-half full. Dis\-solve in another glass 100 parts of acetate of soda in 15 parts 
of boiling water. Pour this solu\-tion slowly on top of the first in such a way that it forms an up\-per layer, with\-out mixing the solutions. The two solutions are then covered over with a thin layer of boil\-ing water and allowed to cool. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lower into the test tube a wire, at }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1891\absh-2698\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert8961\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4d50a5dc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the extremity of which is fixed a small crystal of hyposulphite of soda. The crystal traverses the solution of acetate without causing trouble, but crystalli\-zation will immediately set in as soon as it touches the lower hyposulphite of soda solution, as s
hown at the left in the sketch. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the hyposulphite of soda solu\-tion becomes crystallized, lower in the upper solution a crystal of acetate of soda suspended by another wire, as shown in the right of the sketch, and this will crystallize the same as the other solution. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Decoloration of Flowers by Fumes of Sulphur [288]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dissolve some sulphur in a small dish which will inflame by contact with air thus forming }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 sulphuric acid fumes. Cover the dish with a conical chimney made of tin and expose to the up\-per opening the flowers that are to be decolored. The action is very rapid and in a short time myrtle, violets, bell flowers, roses, etc., will be rendered perfect
ly white. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1805\absh-1920\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57985\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6ce7c909.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Preserve Egg Shells [288]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many naturalists experience diffi\-culty in preserving valuable egg shells. One of the most effective ways of pre\-serving them is as follows: After the egg is blown, melt common beeswax and force it into the shell with a dis\-carded fountain pen filler. Set 
in a cool place until the wax hardens. The most delicate shells treated in this man\-ner can be handled without fear of breaking, and the transparency of the wax will not alter the color, shading, or delicate tints of the egg. --Contrib\-uted by L. L. Shabin
o, Millstown, South Dakota. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 Homemade {\charscalex107 Phonograph [289]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Make a box large enough to hold four dry cells and use it as a base to mount the motor on and to support the revolving cylinder. Anyone of the various battery motors may be used to supply the power. The support for the cylinder is first made and located on
 the cover of the box in such a position that it will give ample room for the motor. The motor base and the sup\-port are fastened by screws turned up through the cover or top of the box. The location of these parts is shown in }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 Fig. 1. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The core for holding the cylindrical wax records is 4-1/2 in. long and made of wood, turned a little tapering, the diameter at the small or outer end be\-ing 1-5/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex86  }{\charscalex107 in., and at the larger end, }{\charscalex86 1-7/8 }{\charscalex107 in. A wood wheel with a V-shaped groove on its edge is nail
ed to the larger end of the cylinder. The hole in the core is fitted with a brass tube, driven in tightly to serve as a bearing. A rod that will fit the brass tube, not too tightly, but which will not wobble loose, is threaded and turned into the upper end
 of the support. The core with its attached driving wheel is shown in Fig. 3. The dotted lines show the brass bearing and rod axle. The end of the axle should be provided with a thread over which a washer and nut are placed, to keep the core from com\-ing o
ff in turning. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The sound box, Fig. 2, is about 2-1/2 in. in diameter and 1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex154\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. thick, made of heavy tin. The diaphragm, which should be of thin ferrotype tin, should be soldered to the box. The needle is made of a piece of sewing needle, about 1/8}{\charscalex65 s }{\charscalex107 in. long, and soldered
 to the center of the diaphragm. The first point should be ground blunt, as shown in the sketch. When soldering these parts together, take care to have the diaphragm lie perfectly flat and not made warping by any pressure applied while the solder is coolin
g. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The tin horn can be easily made, at\-tached to the sound box with a piece of rubber hose and held so it will swing the length of the record by a rod at\-tached to the top of the box, as shown. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The motor can be controlled by a small three or four-point battery rheostat.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-5266\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert65089\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4d1e3c39.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Phonograph and Construction of Parts }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex115 --}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 Contributed by Herbert Hahn, Chi\-cago, Ill. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Substitute for a Compass [289]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An easy way to make a pencil com\-pass when one is not at hand, is to take a knife with two blades at one end, open one to the full extent and the other only halfway. Stick the point end of the fully open blade into the side of a lead pencil and use the hal
f-open blade as the center leg of the compass. Turn with the knife handle to make the circle.-Contributed by E. E. Gold. Jr. Victor, Colo. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-1954\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1473\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_19c169ac.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pencil on the Knife Blade }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Novel Rat Trap [290]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2352\absh-2928\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12545\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1bc001a3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 A boy, while playing in the yard close to a grain house, dug a hole and buried an old-fashioned fruit jug or jar that his mother had thrown away, says the Iowa Homestead. The top part of the jug was left un\-covered as shown in the sketch, and a hole was b 
r }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex151 0 }{\charscalex109 ken in it just above the ground. The boy then placed some shelled corn in the bottom, put a board on top, and weighted it with a heavy stone. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The jug had been forgotten for sev\-eral days when a farmer found it, and, wondering what it was, he raised the board and found nine full-grown rats and four, mice in the bottom. The trap has been in use for some time and is opened every day or two and neve
r fails to have from one to six rats or mice in it. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Nut-Cracking Block [290]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-3528\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2817\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_78ee32fd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Holes in Block for Nuts}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the sketch herewith is shown an appliance for cracking nuts which will prevent many a bruised thumb. To anyone who has ever tried to crack but\-ternuts it needs no further recommen\-dation. The device is nothing more than a good block of hardwood with a f
ew holes bored in it to fit the different sized nuts. There is no need of holding the nut with the fingers, and as hard a blow may be struck as desired. Make the depth of the hole two-thirds the height of the nut and the broken pieces will not scatter. --C
ontributed by Al\-bert O'Brien, Buffalo, N. Y. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Jelly-Making Stand [290]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Every housewife who makes jelly is only too well acquainted with the in\-convenience and danger of upsets when using the old method of balancing a }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3283\absh-3907\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_66fbe90c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cheesecloth Strainer on Stand }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 jelly-bag on a couple of chairs stood on the kitchen table, with the additional inconvenience of having a couple of chairs on the kitchen table out of com\-mission for such a length of time. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch shows how a stand can be made from a few pieces of boards that will help jelly makers and prevent the old-time dan\-gers and disadvantages. The stand can be stood in the corner of the kitchen, or under the kitchen table where it will
 be out of danger of being upset. --Con\-tributed by Lyndwode, Pereira, Ot\-tawa, Can. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Egg-Beater [291]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There is no reason why any cook or housewife should be without this egg\-beater, as it can be made quickly in any size. All that is needed is an ordi\-nary can with a tight-fitting cover-a baking-powder can will do. Cut a round piece of wood 3 in. longer tha
n the length of the can. Cut a neat hole in the cover of the can to allow the stick to pass through, and at one end of the stick fasten, by means of a flat\-headed tack, a piece of tin, cut round, through which several holes have been punched. Secure anothe
r piece of heavier tin of the same size, and make }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3638\absh-3509\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert13089\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5df9f678.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Made Like a Churn }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 a hole in the center to pass the stick through. Put a small nail 2 in. above the end of the dasher, which allows the second tin to pass up and down in the opposite direction to the dasher. This beater will do the work in less time than the regular kitchen 
utensil. --Con\-tributed by W. A. Jaquythe, Rich\-mond, Cal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cart Without an Axle [291]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The boy who has a couple of cart wheels is not always lucky enough to have an axle of the proper length to fit the wheels. In such a case the cart can be constructed as shown in the il\-lustration. This cart has no axle, each wheel being attached with a sho
rt pin for an axle, on the side and at the lower edge of the box. The outer end of the }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 pin is carried on a piece of wood ex\-tending the full length of the box and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-2270\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20385\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m68cfda95.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wheels Fastened to the Box }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 supported by crosspieces nailed to the ends, as shown. --Contributed by Thos. De Loof, Grand Rapids, Mich. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Illuminated Target [291]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 My youthful nephews some time ago were presented with an air rifle and it worked so well that it became neces\-sary for me to construct a target that would allow the fun to be carried on at night. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 I reversed a door gong, screwed it on the inside of a store box, and fitted two candles on the inside to illuminate the bullseye. The candles, of course, were below the level of the bullseye. The position of the candles and gong are shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex116 1. }{\charscalex108 At nig
ht the illumi\-nated interior of the bell could be }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3643\absh-2486\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32961\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4d8732cd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig.1;  Fig. 2;  Target for Night Shooting }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 plainly seen as shown in Fig. 2. --Con\-tributed by James M. Kane, Doyles\-town, Pa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Sawing Sheet Metal [291]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sheet metal placed between two boards in the jaws of a vise and clamped tightly, can be sawed easily with a hacksaw. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 Feed {\charscalex109 Box for Chickens [292]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sketch shows the construction of a feed box designed to prevent the scat\-tering of feed and give the coward }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3648\absh-1795\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert65441\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4e03072c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chicken Feed Box }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 rooster as much chance to fatten as the game cock. The base may be made of a 1/2-in. board, 1 ft. wide and 3 ft. long, although any of the dimensions may be varied to suit special require\-ments. The ends are semi-circular pieces with a notch, 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex84  }{\charscalex109 in. deep 
and 3 in. wide, cut in the center of the round\-ing edge. The ends are connected together with a piece of wood set in the notches. The strip of wood is 1/4}{\charscalex81  }{\charscalex109 in. thick, 2 in. wide and as long as the box. Notches 1/8 in. wide and 1/8 in. deep are cut on the un
der side of this piece of wood, 1-1/2 in. apart. Heavy pieces of wire are bent in the form of a semi-circle, as shown. The wires are set in the 1/8-in. notches cut on the under side of the top piece of wood. The ends of the wires are set in holes in wood p
ieces joining the bases of the end pieces. The baseboard and top are separable. --\-Contributed by Maurice Baudier, New Orleans, La. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Book Rest [292]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A book that does not open flat is rather inconvenient to write in when one of its sides is in the position shown in Fig. 2. A wedge-shaped piece of }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3586\absh-1507\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert7745\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m23cfced3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Book Back Holders}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 metal, stone or wood, as shown in Fig. 1, will, when placed as in Fig. 3, raise the sloping half to the level of the other pages. Cover the block with rubber, wide rubber bands or felt, to prevent its scratching the desk top. The block can also be used as 
a paperweight. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Window Shelf for Flower Pots [292]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 On the ledge formed by the top part of the lower sash of the window I fitted a board 7 in. wide into each side of the casing, by cutting away the ends. I placed a small bracket at each end of the shelf, so that it would fit solidly against the lower window
 sash to sup\-port the weight of the plants. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3667\absh-2683\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_44fd0e56.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shelf in Window }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 One of the brackets I nailed to the shelf and the other I held in place with a hinge, the reason being that if both were solid, the shelf could not be put on the window, as one end must be dropped in place before the other. Such a shelf will hold all the p
lants a person can put on it. When not in use, it can be removed without marring the cas\-ing. --Contributed by G. A. Wood, West Union, Ia. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Magnet for the Work Basket [292]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tie a ribbon or strong string to the work basket and fasten a large magnet to the other end. Needles, scissors, etc., can be picked up without any trouble. This device is very conven\-ient for invalids. --Contributed by Nellie Conlon, Worcester, Mass. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Knife Made from a Hack-Saw Blade [293]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very serviceable knife with excel\-lent cutting qualities can be made easily from a discarded hack-saw blade. The dimensions given in the sketch make a knife of convenient size. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The saw teeth are ground off on an emery wheel or grindstone to a smooth edge parallel with the back edge. For the handle, take two pieces of hard wood, dressing one surface of each piece, and cut a groove as wide and thick as the saw blade. Place the blad
e in the groove and glue the two dressed sides of the wood together. After the glue has dried, the blade can be pulled out of the groove and the wood shaped to any desired form. A small wood-screw is put through one side of the handle to prevent the blade 
from sliding. After completing the handle, the blade is put back into the groove and sharpened to a cutting edge.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --Contributed by H. A. Hutch\-ins, Cleveland, Ohio. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-2040\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m66c6018c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Handle }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Killing Mice and Rats [293]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A simple and inexpensive means for killing mice and rats is to leave yeast cakes lying around where they can eat them. --Contributed by Maud McKee, Erie, Pa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Roller Coaster Illusion Traveling Up an Incline [293]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A toy car with a paddle wheel and a shaft on both ends traveling upward on a chute in which water is flowing down, is shown in the accompanying sketch. The paddle wheels travel in a reverse direction causing the ends of the axles to roll on the edge of the
 chute, thus carrying the car up the in\-cline. If a rack is used on each side of the chute and a small pinion on the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-3106\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15521\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1ebad0ab.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Car Travels Uphill }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 ends of the axles, a positive upward movement of the car will be obtained. --Contributed by W. S. Jacobs, Mal\-den; Mass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Block for Planing Octagonal Wood Pieces [293]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The little device shown in the illus\-tration will be found very useful in any workshop. Two or three of them will be necessary for planing long pieces. Each one is made of a hardwood block, 1 in. square and 4 in. long. A notch is cut in one side, as shown 
in Fig. 1, so a piece of wood which has been planed square will fit in it. Put a screw in the end of each piece and fasten it down to the bench. If desired, a tenon may be made on the bottom of each block, as shown in Fig. 2, to fit a mor\-tise cut in the b
ench. Place the blocks far enough apart so the board to be planed will rest firmly in the notches. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-1181\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5e38d543.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Notch Holds the Wood }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Plane the board square first and then place it in the notches and plane the corners down to the proper dimen\-sions. --Contributed by Willie Wool}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex125 \-}{\charscalex109 sen, Cape May Point, N.J.}{\charscalex88  }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Letter Holder of Pierced Metal [294]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The letter holder shown in the illus\-tration will be found convenient for holding out-going letters that await the postman's coming. It can be made of either copper or brass and need not }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3840\absh-2597\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_615ae9d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Finished Letter Holder }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 be of very heavy material. Gauge 22 will be sufficiently heavy. One sheet of metal, 6 by 9-1/2 in., a board on which to work it, and an awl and hammer, will be needed. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Prepare a design for the front. If one such as is shown is to be used, }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3240\absh-4733\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert23585\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_240cb0ae.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Layout for the Metal }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 make one-quarter of it first, and then get the other parts by folding on the center lines and tracing. This will insure having all parts alike. The letters can be put on afterward. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Fasten the metal to the board, using tacks and nailing outside of the required space, in the waste metal. Trace the design on the metal with carbon paper; or,}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex108 if desired, paste the paper design right on the metal. With an awl pierce the metal between the m
arginal line and the design, as shown. The holes should be uniform along the outlines but should be pierced promiscuously otherwise. On the back, only the mar\-ginal line is to be pierced. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove the metal, together with the paper if the latter was pasted to the metal, and trim off the surplus metal where the tacks had been placed. File off any sharpness so that the hand may not be injured in handling it. Place the metal on the edge of a tab
le or between two boards, and bend on the two lines indicated in the drawing, to right angles. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good finish is obtained by just let\-ting the copper age with its natural color. If any polishing is required, it should be done before the metal is fastened to the board and pierced.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Imitating Ground Glass [294]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Make a mixture of white lead in oil, 1 part; varnish, 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 part; turpentine, 1/4}{\charscalex61  }{\charscalex108 part, and add sugar of lead as a dryer. Make a very thin paint of this and use a broad, flat brush, says Master Painter. With care you may succeed in getting the paint on quite
 evenly all over, which is desirable. One coat will do. If it becomes necessary to remove this coating for renewal, it may be effected by an application of potash lye, or the old may be renewed by a coating of a mixture of 2 parts hydro\-chloric acid, 2 par
ts white vitriol, 1 part sulphate of copper (blue vitriol) and 1 part of gum arabic, applied by means of a brush. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Draw before Cutting [294]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A detail drawing made of a piece of furniture before starting the work will often save time and mistakes. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Making "Spirits" Play a Violin [295]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very pretty trick, that can be worked in your own parlor, will pro\-duce as much sensation as a fake "medium." In all appearance, a violin, mandolin or guitar, placed on a table, will begin to produce music simply through stamping the foot and a few passe
s of the hand. The music will not sound natural, but weird and dis\-tant. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 The trick is done by placing the end of a small stick on a music box in the basement of the house and allowing the other end to pass up through the floor and table top so it will project about 1/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex85\f4  }{\charscalex110 in. The stick may be placed by the side of, behind or thro
ugh the center of a table leg. Be careful not to have any obstruction in the way of the stick. The instrument is placed sideways on the protruding end of the stick. The "fake" work of invoking the "spirit" is performed and ended by stamping the foot, which
 signals the operator in the basement to start the machine, and the violin seemingly produces music without anyone touch\-ing it. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 So impressive are the results, that many people really think the spirits of the departed are playing the violin with unseen hands. The music is transmitted through the stick from the music box to the violin. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3667\absh-6566\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_311a3637.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex118 The Music Produced }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111\f4 by }{\charscalex118 the Phonograph is Trans\-mitted to the Viohn on the Second Floor by the Aid of a Long Stick }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Sizing a Threaded Hole [295]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It sometimes becomes necessary to transfer the size of a threaded hole from some out-of-the-way place to the shop in order to make a piece to fit it. With proper tools this is easy; with\-out them, it might be difficult. One thing is always at hand and that
 is wood. Whittle a stick tapering until it starts in the hole. Then turn it into the hole and a fair thread will be made on the wood. The stick can be car\-ried in the pocket without risk of   changing the size, as would be the case with ordinary calipers.
 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-96\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Leaded-Glass Fire Screen [295]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 The main frame of the fire screen shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex153 1 }{\charscalex110 is made from two pieces of 1/2-in. square bar iron. The longest piece, which should be about 5-1/2}{\i  }{\charscalex110 ft. long, is bent square so as to form two uprights, each 28}{\f4  }{\charscalex110 in. long and measuring 26}{\f4  }{\charscalex110 in. across the top. 
The bottom crosspiece can be either riveted or welded to the uprights. Two pairs of feet, each 6 in. long and spread about 8 in. apart, are shaped as shown in Fig. }2. {\charscalex110 These are welded to the lower end of the uprights. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 The ornamental scrollwork on the }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 frame is simple and effective, and is easy to construct, says Work, London. The scrolls are attached to the frame by means of 3/16-in. round-head machine screws. The leaf ornament at the termination of the scroll is shaped 
and embossed as shown in Fig. 3. The metal used for the scrolls is 3/16} {\charscalex108 in. thick by 1/2}{\charscalex85  }{\charscalex108 in. wide. The leaf ornament is formed by turning over the end of a piece of metal and working it together at a welding heat, and then shaping out the leaf with' a chis
el and files, after which they are embossed with a ball\-peen hammer. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3749\absh-7373\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m27879312.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Completed Fire Screen and Parts}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The center is made from colored glass of special make for leaded work. The design is formed in the lead, of which a cross section is shown in Fig. 4. Use care to give the lead a sym\-metrical outline. The design should be drawn full size on a large sheet of
 heavy paper and the spaces to be occu\-pied by the lead cut out so as to leave the exact size and shape of each piece of paper the same as wanted for each piece of glass. These are used as pat\-terns in marking the glass for cutting. The glass is cut the sa
me as ordinary window glass. The glass, lead, border and special flux can be purchased from an art glass shop. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the glass is cut, the work of putting the pieces together with the lead between them is begun. Secure a board as wide as the screen--several narrow boards put together will do \-and begin by placing one vertical side border, A, Fig. 5, and the base bo
rder, B, on it as shown. Place the corner piece of glass, C, in the grooves of the borders, cut a long piece of lead, D, and hold it in place with two or three brads or glazier's points. The piece of lead E is cut and a small tenon joint made as shown in F
ig. 6. While the piece of lead D, Fig. 5, is held by the brads, the piece E can be fitted and soldered. The soldering is done with a hot soldering iron and wire solder, using rosin as a flux, or, better still, special flux pur\-chased for this purpose. Afte
r the joints are soldered, the piece of glass F is put in place and the lead held with brads as before until the cross leads are fitted and soldered. The brads are then removed, the glass piece as shown by the dotted lines put in, and the leads around it h
eld with brads until the crosspieces are put in and soldered. This method is pursued until the glass is complete, then the two remaining vertical and top pieces of border are put on and all corners soldered. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The leaded glass is held in the iron frame by means of eight U-shaped clips, as shown in Fig. 7. A hole is drilled in the frame for the retaining screw, the latter being tapped to the base of the clip. Special screws may be made with ornamental heads, as s
hown in Fig. 8, and used for securing the side scrolls and clips together. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Revolving Teeter Board [297]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5131\absh-4790\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17729\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5ab063e7.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Teeter Board }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex108\fs20 The accompanying sketch shows the details of a revolving teeter board for the children's playground that can be constructed in a few hours. Secure a post, not less than 4 in. square and of the length given in the drawing, and round the corners of one end f
or a ring. This ring can be made of  1-in. strap iron and it should be shrunk on the post. Bore a 3/4-in. hole in the end of the post for the center pin to rest in. Make three washers 3-in. in diameter and 1/4 in. thick and drill 3/4-in. holes through thei
r cen\-ters. Drill and counter\-sink two smaller holes for 2-in. wood screws in{\i  }each washer. Fasten one of these washers to the top of the post as shown. The post is now ready to be set in the ground. Coarse gravel should be packed tightly about it to make i
t solid. Concrete is much better if it can be secured. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 To make the swivel you will need two 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 by 5 by 8-in. plates, rounded at the top as shown, and two wood blocks, A}{\charscalex116\f4  }{\charscalex108 and B, each 3-1/2 by 5 by 10 in. Drill the lower ends of the plates for four 2-1/2-in. lag screws and the upper ends for a 5/8-in. bolt. Fast
en the plates to the block B, then drill a 3/4-in. hole as shown and fasten the two remain\-ing washers to the block, one on each side and central with the hole. Bore a 5/8-in. hole lengthwise through the block A for the 5/8-in. rocker bolt. This bolt shoul
d be 11-1/2 in. long. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The teeter board is made of a 2 by 12-in. plank about 12 ft. long. It should be slightly tapered from the center to the ends. Two styles of hand holds are shown, but the one on the left is the one most generally used. The handles are rounded at the ends an
d are fastened to the board with lag screws or bolts. The block A is fast\-ened to the board with lag screws and should be a working fit between the }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 wo plates where it is held by means of the 5/8-in. bolt. The center pin is 3/4-in. in diameter and about 9 in. long. --Contributed by W. H. Dreier, Jr., Camden, N. J. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Pot Covers [297]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Empty thread spools and the tins used as extra inside covers in lard cans are usually thrown away, but these can be put to good use as kettle cov\-ers, if they are made up as fol\-lows: Saw the spool in half as shown, make a hole in the center of the tin and
 run a screw or nail through the spool and the tin; then flatten its end on the under side. This will make an excel\-lent cover for a pot. --Contributed by Maurice Baudier, New Orleans, La. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2208\absh-902\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert11009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m253ad661.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-67\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 An Outdoor Gymnasium {\charscalex113 Part I-The Horizontal Bar [298]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-67\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gymnastic apparatus costs money and needs to be housed, because it will not stand the weather. Gymnasiums are not always available for the average boy who likes exercise and who would like to learn the tricks on horizontal and parallel bars, horse and ring
s, which all young athletes are taught in regular gymnastic courses. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Any small crowd of boys--even two--having a few simple tools, a will to use them and the small amount of money required to buy the necessary }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7526\absh-3754\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17793\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6efe462a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Adjustable Horizontal Bar }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 wood, bolts and rope, can make a first \-class gymnasium. If trees are conven\-ient, and some one can swing an axe, the money outlay will be almost noth\-ing. The following plans are for ma\-terial purchased from a mill squared and cut to length. To substitute
 small, straight trees for the squared timbers requires but little changes in the plans. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The most important piece of appara\-tus in the gymnasium is the horizontal bar. Most gymnasiums have two: one adjustable bar for various exercises and a high bar for gymnastic work. The outdoor gymnasium combines the two. The material required is as fol\-low
s: 2 pieces of wood, 4 in. square }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex91 by }{\charscalex108 9-1/2 ft. long; 4 pieces, 2 by 4 in. by 2 }ft. {\charscalex108 long; 4 pieces, 1 by 7 in. by 6-1/2 ft. long; 4 filler pieces, 3/4 by 3 in. by 3 ft.}{\b  }{\charscalex108 9 in. long and 1 piece, 2-1/2 in. square by 5 ft. 7 in. long. This latter piece is for t
he bar and should be of well seasoned, straight-grained hickory. It makes no difference what kind of wood is used for the other pieces, but it is best to use cedar for the heavy pieces that are set in the ground as it will take years for this wood to rot. 
Ordinary yellow pine will do very well. The four 7-in. boards should be of some hard wood if pos\-sible such as oak, hickory, maple, chestnut or ash. The other material neces\-sary consists of 2 bolts, 1/2}{\charscalex84\i  }{\charscalex108 in. in diam\-eter and 7 in. long; }{\charscalex109 16 }{\charscalex108 screws, 3 in. lo
ng; 4 heavy screw eyes with two 1/2-in. shanks; 50 ft. of heavy galvanized wire: 80 ft. of 1/4-in. manila rope and 4 pulley blocks. Four cleats are also required but these can be made of wood at home. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Draw a line on the four 7-in. boards along the side of each from end to end, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex143 1-1/4-}{\charscalex108 in. from one edge. Beginning at one end of each board make pencil dots on this line 5 in. apart for a distance of 3 ft. 4 in. Bore holes through the boards on these marks wi
th a 9/15-in. bit. Fasten two of these boards on each post with the 3-in. screws, as shown in the top view of the post Fig. 1,}{\b  }{\charscalex108 forming a channel of the edges in which the holes were bored. Two of the filler pieces are fastened in each channel as shown, so 
as to make the space fit the squared end of the bar snugly. The ends of the boards with the holes should be flush with the top of the post. This will make each pair of holes in the 7-in. boards coincide, so the 1/2-in. bolt can be put through them and the 
squared end of the bar. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Select a level place where the appara\-tus is to be placed and dig two holes 6 ft. apart, each 3 ft. deep and remove all loose dirt. The ends of the posts not covered with the boards are set in these holes on bricks or small stones. The channels formed by t
he boards must be set facing each other with the inner surfaces of the posts parallel and 5 ft. 8 in. apart. The holes around the posts are filled with earth and well tamped. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The hickory piece which is to form the bar should be planed, scraped and sandpapered until it is perfectly smooth and round except for 3 in. at each end. Bore a 9/16-in. hole through each square end 1-1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. from the end. The bar may be fastened at any de
sired height by slipping the 1/2-in. bolts through the holes bored in both the bar and chan\-nel. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Each post must be well braced to keep it rigid while a person is swing\-ing on the bar. Four anchors are placed in the ground at the corners of an imaginary rectangle 9 by 16 ft., in the center of which the posts stand as shown in Fig. 2. Each anchor is mad
e of one 2-ft. piece of wood, around the center of which four strands of the heavy galvanized wire are twisted, then buried to a depth of 2 ft., the extending ends of the wires coming up to the surface at an angle. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The heavy screw eyes are turned into the posts at the top and lengths of ropes tied to each. These ropes or guys pass through the pulley blocks, which are fastened to the projecting ends of the anchor wire, and return to the posts where they are tied to cl
eats. Do not tighten the guy ropes without the bar in place, as to do so will strain the posts in the ground. Do not change the elevation of the bar without slacking up on the ropes. It takes but little pull on the guy ropes to make them taut, and once tig
htened the bar will be rigid. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-2755\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3776e652.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ground Plan }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Oil the bar when it is finished and remove it during the winter. It is well to oil the wood occasionally during the summer and reverse the bar at times to prevent its becoming curved. The wood parts should be well painted to protect them from the weather. 
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Electrostatic Illumination [299]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Anyone having the use of a static machine can perform the following ex\-periment which gives a striking result. A common tumbler is mounted on a revolving }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2021\absh-3504\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2f62aa4b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 platform and a nar\-row strip of tin\-foil is fastened with shellac var\-nish to the sur\-face of the glass as follows: Start\-ing beneath the foot of the glass from a point im\-mediately below the stem, it is taken to the edge of the foot; it follows the edge f
or about 1 in. and then passes in a curve across the base, and ascends the stem; then it passes around the bowl in a sinuous course to the rim, which it follows for about one\--third of its circumference; after which it descends on the inside and termin\-ate
s at the bottom. The tinfoil on the outside of the glass is divided by cut\-ting with a knife every 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82\i  }{\charscalex108 in., the parts inside and beneath the glass being left undivided. Current is then led from a static machine to two terminals, one terminal being connecte
d to one end of the tinfoil strip, and similarly the sec\-ond terminal makes contact with the other end. As soon as the current is led into the apparatus, a spark is seen at each place where the knife has cut through the tinfoil. If the tumbler is rotated, 
the effect will be as shown in the illustration. A variety of small and peculiar effects can be obtained by making some of the gaps in the tinfoil larger than others, in which case larger sparks would be produced at these points. The experiment should be c
ar\-ried out in a darkened room, and under these circumstances when nothing is visible, not even the tumbler, the effect is very striking. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 Balloon Ascension Illusion [300]  {\charscalex116 By C. W. }{\charscalex112 Nieman }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In these days of startling revelations in air-craft flight we are prepared to see any day some marvelous machine\- driven bird cutting figure-eights all over the sky above our heads. One boy recently took advantage of this state of expectancy to have an eve
ning's harmless amusement, through an illu\-sion which deceived even the most incredulous. He caused a whole hotel-full of people to gaze open mouthed at a sort of "Zeppelin XXIII," which skimmed along the distant horizon, just visible against the dark even
ing sky, disap\-pearing only to reappear again, and working the whole crowd up to a frenzy of excitement. And all he used was a black thread, a big piece of card\-board and a pair of field glasses. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 He stretched the thread between two buildings, about 100 ft. apart, in an endless belt, passing through a screw\-eye at either end. On this thread he fastened a cardboard "cut-out" of a dirigible, not much to look at in day\-time, but most deceptive at dusk.
 By pulling one or the other string he moved the "airship" in either direction. He took the precaution of stretching his thread just beyond a blackberry hedge and thus kept over-inquisitive persons at a safe distance. He also saw to it that there was a bla
ck background at either end so that the reversing of the direction of the craft would not be noticed. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In attracting the crowd he had a confederate stand looking at the mov\-ing ship through a field glass, which at once gave the suggestion of distance, and materially heightened the illusion. When the interest of the crowd, which at once gathered, was at its 
height, the "aeronaut" pulled his craft out of sight and let the disillusion come when the light of day laid bare his fraud. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Cork Extractor [300]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The device shown in the sketch is for removing a cork or stopper from a bottle whether full or empty where the cork has been pushed inside. A wire about No. 14 gauge is bent as shown at B, Fig. 1, to fit the index finger and the other end filed to a point 
C, and turned in a}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex66  }{\charscalex108 spir\-al D, so the point will be on top. Insert this tool}{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex108 in the bottle as shown in Fig. 2 and place the end D under the cork and pull up. The cork will come out easily. --Contributed by Maurice Baudier. New Orleans. La. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1805\absh-3058\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19361\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5a841d16.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex106 An Outdoor }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20Gymnasium {\charscalex108 Part II-Parallel Bars [301]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Parallel bars hold a high place in the affection of those who frequent gym\-nasiums as the best apparatus for development of the back and shoulder muscles, as well as a promoter of ease and grace of movement. The outdoor "gym" can have a set of these bars w
ith very little more labor than was required for the horizontal bar. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The material required is as follows: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7570\absh-3533\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert45793\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_238be62b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of the Parallel Bars }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  4 posts, preferably cedar, 4 in. square and 6 ft. long; 2 base pieces, 4 in. square and 5-1/2 ft. long; 2 cross braces, 2 by 4 in. by 2 ft. 2 in. long; 2 side braces, 2 by 4 in. by 7 ft. 8 in. long; 4 knee braces, 2 by 4 in. by 3 ft. 8 in. long; 2 bars of
 straight grained hickory, 2 by 3 in. by 10 ft. long; 4 wood screws, 6 in. long; 4 bolts, 8 in. long; 8 bolts, 7 in. long and 1 doz. large spikes. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make the apparatus, lay off the bases as shown in the end view and bevel the ends at an angle of 60 deg. Chisel out two notches 4 in. wide and 1 in. deep, beginning at a point 9 in. from either side of the center. These are to receive the lower ends of 
the posts. Bevel two sides of one end of each post down to the width of the finished bar--a little less than 2 in. Cut notches in these ends to receive the oval bars. Bevel the ends of the knee braces, as shown in the diagram, and fasten the lower ends to 
the beveled ends of the bases with the spikes. Fasten the up\-per ends of the knee braces to the up\-rights with the 8-in. bolts put through the holes bored for that purpose, and countersinking the heads. Lay the whole end flat on the ground and make a mark 
2-1/2 ft. from the bottom of the base up along the posts, and fasten the end braces with their top edges flush with the marks, using four of the 7-in bolts. Finally toe-nail the base into the ends of the posts merely to hold them in position while the whol
e structure is being handled. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two endpieces must be made. These sets or ends of the apparatus are to be buried in trenches dug to the depth of 2-1/2 ft., with the distance between the two inner surfaces of the posts, which face each other, of 7 ft. After the trenches are dug, additiona
l long, shallow trenches must be made connect\-ing the posts to receive the side braces. The function of these side braces is to hold both ends together solidly. It is necessary to bury these braces so they will be out of the way of the performer. The side 
braces are bolted to the posts just below the cross braces, so the bolts in both will not meet. The bars are dressed down so that a cross sec\-tion is oval as shown in the end view. They are to be screwed to the notched ends of the uprights with the 6-in. s
crews. The holes should be counter\-sunk so they can be filled with putty after the screws are in place. The bars should be well oiled with linseed oil to protect them from the weather, and in the winter they should be removed and stored. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Every piece of wood in this appara\-tus can be round and cut from trees, except the bars. If using mill-cut lumber, leave it undressed, and if using round timber leave the bark upon it as a pro\-tection from the weather. It is well to paint the entire appara
tus, save the bars, before burying the lower part of the end pieces. The wood so treated will last for years, but even unpainted they are very durable. Be sure to tamp down the earth well about the posts. A smooth piece of ground should be selected on whic
h to erect the ap\-paratus. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 ( {\i To be Continued.) }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ai\loch\fs20\lang1033\i 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex108\fs20{\b Combined Ladle and Strainer}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex108\fs20\fs20 [302]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When using a strainer in connection with a ladle the operation requires both }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-2602\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24097\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_bc7aadb.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ladle and Strainer }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 hands. A convenient article where a ladle and strainer are needed is to swing a cup-shaped strainer under the bowl of a ladle as shown in the illus\-tration. The strainer can be held in place with small bands that fit loosely over the handle and a small tip
 sol\-dered to the ladle. These will allow the ladle to be turned, leaving the strainer always in position. A large sized ladle, equipped with a strainer, is just the thing for painters to dip and strain paint, while a small one is of great assistance to th
e housewife for dipping and straining soups, jellies, etc. --Contributed by W. A. Jaquythe, Richmond, Cal.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cleaning Gloves [302]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A solution consisting of 1 dr. of so\-dium carbonate and 1 qt. of milk makes an excellent cleaner for motorists' }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20gloves. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex108 Turpentine in Cutting }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20Oil [302]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When cutting steel or wrought iron in a lathe, milling machine, drill press or planer, it is sometimes necessary to leave a smooth surface. Oil, or various cutting compounds of oil, is used for this purpose and to keep the surface cool. If a little turpent
ine is added to the oil, it will greatly assist in leaving a smooth surface. A proportion of one-quarter turpentine is good. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Center of Gravity Experiment [302]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This experiment consists of suspend\-ing a pail of water from a stick placed upon a table as shown in the accompa\-nying sketch. In order to ac\-complish this experiment, which seems impossible, it is necessary to place a stick, A, of sufficient 1ength, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2179\absh-2333\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40257\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m54356bcc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 between the end of the stick on the table and the bottom of the pail. This makes the center of gravity somewhere near the middle of the stick on the table, thus holding the pail as shown.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Lathe Accuracy [302]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A heavy lathe cut will not do accurate work. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex105 An Outdoor Gymnasium }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex107 PART III-The Horse [303]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The German horse is that peculiar piece of apparatus which is partly a horizontal obstruction to leap over, partly a barrier for jumps, partly a smooth surface of long and narrow dimensions over and about which the body may slide and swing, and partly an a
rtificial back for the purpose of a peculiar style of leap frog. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7570\absh-5395\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert57313\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6309418d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The German Horse }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 To make a horse for the outdoor "gym" requires no difficult work save the preparation of the top or body of the horse. The making of the regular gymnasium horse requires a very elab\-orate wood-working and leather uphol\-stering plant, but the one used for o
ut\-door work can be made of a log of wood. Procure from a saw mill, wood yard or from the woods, one-half of a tree trunk from a tree 9 to 15 in. in diam\-eter--the larger the better. The length may be anywhere from 4 to 7}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex50\i  }{\charscalex107 ft., but 5 ft. is a good length. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The round part of this log must be planed, scraped and sandpapered until it is perfectly smooth, and free from knots, projections and splinters. Hand holds must be provided next. These are placed 18 in. apart in a central position on the horse. Make two pa
ral\-lel saw cuts 2 in. apart, straight down in the round surface of the horse until }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 each cut is 9 in. long. Chisel out the wood between the cuts and in the mor\-tises thus made insert the hand holds. Each hand hold is made of a 9-in. piece of 2 by 4-in. stud cut rounding on one edge. These are well nailed in place. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The body of the horse is to be fast\-ened on top of posts so that it may be adjusted for height. It is not as difficult to make as the horizontal and parallel bars. The material required is as follows: Two posts, 4 in. square by 5 ft. long; 2 adjusting piec
es, 2 by 4 in. by 3 ft. 3 in. long; 1 cross brace, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 2 by 4 in. by 3 ft. long; 2}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 bases, 4}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. square by 5-1/2 ft. long; }4 {\charscalex108 knee braces, 2}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 by 4}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. by 3 ft. long; two 1/2-in. bolts, 1 in. long, to fasten the knee braces at the top; ten 1/2-in. bolts, 7 in. lon
g, 4{\f4  }to fasten the knee braces at the bottom, 2}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 to fasten the cross brace and 4}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 to be used in fastening the adjusting pieces to the posts. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To construct, layout the bases as shown in the drawing, making the mor\-tises to receive the bottom ends of the posts exactly in the center, and cut a slanting mortise 6 in. from each end to receive the ends of the knee braces. Bevel the ends of the knee br
aces and fasten the upper ends of each pair to the post with one 9-in. bolt. Fasten the lower ends to the base with the 7-in. bolts. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The upper end of each post should have 5/8-in. holes bored through it paral\-lel to the base at intervals of 3 in., be\-ginning 1-1/2 in. from the top and ex\-tending down its length for }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs202 {\charscalex108 ft. 4-1/2}{\charscalex87  }{\charscalex108 in. The adjusting pieces are to be bored in a similar manner
 after which they are to be mortised into the under side of the horse top 15 in. from each end, and secured with screws put through the top and into the end of the adjusting pieces. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The bases with their posts and knee braces are buried }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4 2 }{\charscalex108 ft. }{\f4 4 }{\charscalex108 in. in the ground, parallel to each other and the same distance apart as the adjusting pieces are mortised in the horse top. When the ground has been filled in and tamped hard, the cross brace s
hould be bolted in position with its lower edge resting on the ground and connecting the two posts. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The height of the horse from the ground is adjusted by changing the bolts in the different holes connecting the two adjusting pieces with the two posts. Much pleasant and healthful gymnastic exercise can be had in competitive horse jumping and leaping, the
 handles providing a way to make many different leaps through, over and around, including not only those made to see who can go over the horse from a standing or running start at the greatest height, but who can go over at the greatest height when starting
 from the "toeing off mark" farthest away from the horse. This horse should be located on level ground having smooth space about it for several feet. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Spoon Rest for Kettles [304]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A rest for keeping spoons from slipping into kettles can be made from }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2419\absh-2486\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32961\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5ed10dbe.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 a strip of metal bent as shown in the illustra\-tion. The spring of the metal will make it easy to apply to the kettle. The spoon placed in the rest will drain back into the kettle. The cover can be placed on without removing the spoon.--Contributed by W. A
. Jaquythe, Richmond. Cal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Reason for Bursting of Gun Barrels [304]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gun barrels do not burst without a cause and usually that cause is one of which the shooter is entirely ignorant, but nevertheless, no one is responsible but himself, says the Sporting Goods Dealer. Gun barrels can only burst by having some obstruction in 
the barrel or by overloading with powder. Any gun barrel can be burst by misuse or by carelessly loading smokeless powder, but no barrel will burst by using factory loaded ammunition, provided there is no obstruction or foreign substance in\-side the barrel
. When a gun barrel bursts at the breech or chamber, it is caused by an overloaded shell, and when it bursts in the center or near the muzzle, it is caused by some obstruc\-tion, such as a dent, snow, water, etc. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Hand Sled Made of Pipe and Fittings [305]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch shows how an ordinary hand sled can be made of  3/4-in. pipe and fittings. Each runner is made of one piece of pipe bent to the proper shape. This can be accomplished by filling the pipe with melted rosin or lead, then bend\-ing to t
he shape desired, and afterward removing the rosin or lead by heating. Each joint is turned up tightly and well pinned or brazed. One of the top crosspieces should have right-hand and left-hand threads or be fitted with a union. Also, one of the top pieces
 connecting the rear part to the front part of each runner must be fitted in the same way. The top is fastened to the two crosspieces. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Such a hand sled can be made in a }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-1930\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3329\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7798b7c9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Parts Made of Pipe Fittings }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 few hours' time and, when complete, is much better than a wood sled. --Con\-tributed by James E. Noble, Toronto, Ontario. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Emergency Magnifying Glass [305]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When in need of a microscope in the study of botany, one may be made in the following manner: Bend a small wire or the stem of a leaf so as to form a small loop not larger than the ordinary drop of water.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-821\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28961\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3d97d5fc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Loop Inclosing a Drop of Water }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When this is done place a drop of clear water in the loop and the microscope is complete. This temporary device will prove val\-uable where a strong magnifying glass is not at hand. --Contributed by Arthur E. Joerin, Paris, France. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Bent-Iron Pipe Rack [305]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Strips of soft iron, 1/4 or 3/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex108 in. in width and 1/32}{\charscalex115  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, are used in making the pipe rack shown in Fig. 1. This material can be obtained from any local hardware dealer who carries bar iron in stock. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Draw a full-size sketch of the design on paper, then run a string over each part, which, when straightened out, will give the length. The scrolls are bent with a pair of round-nose pliers. These, with a pair of flat-nose pliers, are all the tools necessary
. The part for holding the pipes is shown in Fig. 2. The end elevation, at E and F, shows how the rack is fastened to the main frame of the rack. --Contributed by J. W.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 Vener, Boston, Mass. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3662\absh-3907\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1b9f2d98.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Design of a Rack }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Clean Silver [305]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good method to clean silver of any kind is to place the articles in an alu\-minum vessel and add a few pieces of zinc. Hot water is added and the silver boiled until clean. It is best to use soft water. The tarnish is removed by the electrolytic action of
 the zinc on the aluminum and the silver, and the latter will take on a bright luster. This method of cleaning will not in\-jure oxidized or black silver, nor that which is partly oxidized. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Sharpening Skates with a File [306}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two methods are shown in the sketches for filing skates-one for hol\-low filing and the other for filing flat }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3792\absh-2995\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert45761\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_19cf5898.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Filing a Flat Surface }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and straight across the blade. The method shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is for filing the blade flat. The device for holding the skates consists of a board on which four blocks, AA and BB, are nailed. These blocks are fastened on the board in the relative positio
ns of the heel and sole on a shoe. The skates are clamped on them in the same man\-ner as on a shoe. A flat file is drawn across both blades of the skates as shown. After the roundness is cut down on the edges of the blades the skates are removed and the fi
le is drawn along the sides to remove the  burr. Skates filed in this way have flat surfaces with sharp edges. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Some skaters like a hollow-ground skate and the method shown in Figs. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3 and 4 can be used for filing a slightly curved surface in the blade. A piece of tin or sheet metal is shaped over a round file as shown in Fig. 3. The manner of filing the curves is shown in Fig. 4. The piece of metal is held over the file and blade of t
he skate as the file is worked. }
\par 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-3240\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36353\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_f496abb.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Filing a Curved Surface}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Lines and Letters Made with a Carpenter's Pencil [306]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The sketch shows some unusual work made with a carpenter's pencil. If the flat lead is notched with a three-cor\-nered file (Fig. 1), two parallel lines may be drawn at one stroke, or various rulings may be made, as shown in Fig. 2. Broad lines can be made,
 as shown in Fig. 3, or unequal widths as in Fig. 4. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3749\absh-2755\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_133995f0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pencil Points and Their Work }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In Figs. 2, 5 and 6 are shown lines especially adapted for the bookkeeper or draftsman. If one lacks the ability to draw old English letters with a pen, the letters may be first drawn with a car\-penter's pencil (Fig. 7) and the outlines marked with ink and
 finally filled in. Narrow lines are made with points cut as in Figs. 8 and 9. A little practice with the carpenter's pencil in making these letters will enable the student to finally produce them with the pen used for the purpose. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Insulating Aluminum Wire [306]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Aluminum wire plunged hot into a cold solution of carbonate of soda be\-comes coated with a strong layer of oxide which forms an excellent insu\-lator to electricity. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex106\b How to Build an Ice-Yacht  [307]   }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 Condensed from an article by H.}{\charscalex89\f4  }{\charscalex107 Percy Ashley in Rudder. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The plans and specifications shown in the illustrations are for making a 400-ft. class ice-yacht, having a double cockpit to accommodate four persons. The weight of the persons in the for\-ward cockpit keeps the boat from rear\-ing when in a stiff breeze. Th
e forward cockpit can be removed if necessary. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The materials used are: backbone, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7570\absh-6350\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert46049\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_673d2713.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice-Yacht Complete }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 white pine; center, clear spruce; sides, white oak caps; runner plank, bass\-wood, butternut or oak; cockpit, oak; runners, chocks, etc., quartered white oak. All the iron work should be first-\-grade Swedish iron, with the excep\-tion of the runners, which a
re soft cast iron. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 It is not necessary to go into detail with the measurements as they are plainly shown in the sketches. The backbone is 37-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82\i  }{\charscalex106 ft. over all, 12 in. in the center, 5 in. stern, 3-1/2}{\charscalex88\i  }{\charscalex106 in. at the nose; width 4-1/2{\i  }in. All wood should be selected from the best 
grades, well seasoned and free from checks. In Fig. 1 is shown the complete ice-yacht with general dimensions for the sail and main parts. Other dimensions are shown in Fig-, 2. The backbone is capped on the upper and lower edges full length with strips of
 oak, 4-1/4 in. wide and 5/8}{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex106 in. thick. The lengthwise side strips of spruce are 1-1/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. thick. The filling-in pieces placed between the side pieces are of seasoned white pine, leaving the open places as shown in Fig. 2. The parts are put together with h
ot glue and brass screws. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The runner plank should be placed }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7594\absh-11587\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert46081\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_64f588a5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 Details }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex123 of the Ice-Yacht }{\charscalex110 Parts }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 with the heart of the wood up, so as to give the natural curve from the ice so}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex109 that it will act as a spring. The plank is 16 in. wide in the center, 14 in. at the ends; 4-1/8}{\charscalex87\i  }{\charscalex109 in. thick at the center and 2-3/4 in. at the ends. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Details of the runners are shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. The cast iron shoes are filed and finished with emery paper, making the angle on the cutting edge 45 deg. on both sides. The runners are 7-1/4 in. wide over all and 2-1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex84\i  }{\charscalex109 in. thick. The soft
 iron cast\-ing is 2-1/4 in. deep. The shoes are fast\-ened by 5/8-in. machine bolts. These are shown in Figs. 3 and 9. The rud\-der is 2-3/4 in. thick, 5 in. deep, including wood and iron, and 3 ft. long. The cast iron shoe is 1-7/8 in. deep and fastened on 
with four 1/2-in. machine bolts. A brass plate, 1/4 in. thick, 2 in. wide and 7 in. long, is inserted on each side of the runners as shown in Fig. 9. Three holes are drilled through for a 3/4-in. riding bolt that can be shifted as de\-sired for rough or smo
oth ice. The runner chocks and guides are 1-7/8 in. thick and 4-1/2 in. deep. They are set in the runner plank 1/4 in. and fastened with glue and 1/2-in. lag screws. These are shown in Figs. 6 and 7. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The aft cockpit is stationary, while the fore or passenger cockpit can be re\-moved at will. Both cockpits are the same size, 42 in. wide and 7 ft. long over all. Each one has a bent rail, 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex60\i  }{\charscalex109 in. by 4 in., grooved 1/2}{\charscalex82\i  }{\charscalex109 in. by 7/8 in. before bending. The f
looring is of oak, 1-1/2 in. thick and 4 in. wide, tongue-and\- grooved. The forward cockpit is made in halves and hung on the backbone with wrought-iron straps and bolts. These are shown in Figs. 41, 43 and 44. Two pieces of oak, 1/2 in, by 4 in. are faste
ned with screws to the flooring, parallel with the backbone in the for\-ward cockpit. The runner plank which passes under this cockpit gives it sta\-bility. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The spars should be hollow and have the following dimensions: Mast, 23 ft. 3 in.; heel, 3-3/4 in. ; center, 5-1/4 in.; tip, 4 in. ; boom 23-1/2 ft.; heel, 3-3/4 in.; cen\-ter, 4 in. ; tip, 2-7/8 in. at ends; gaff, 12-1/2 ft.; center, 3-1/2 in.; ends, 2-1/2 
in.; jib- }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 boom, 10-1/2 ft.; 1-3/4 in. at the ends, 2-1/8 in. at the center. The gaff is furnished with bent jaws of oak, Fig. 17, and the main boom with gooseneck, Fig. 12. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Galvanized cast-steel yacht rigging, 5/16 in. in diameter, is used for the shrouds; jibstay, 3/8 in. in diameter; runner plank guys, 5/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex188\i\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. in diameter; bobstay, 3/8 in. in diameter; martingale stay, 1/4 in. in diameter. The throat,and peak halyards are 
3/8 in. in diameter; jib halyards, 1/4 in. in diameter. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The main sheet rigging is 9/16-in. Rus\-sian bolt rope; jibs, 7/16-in. manila bolt rope, 4-strand; jib-sheet, 3/8-in. manila bolt rope. Four 1/2-in. bronze turn\-buckles, Fig. 34, are used for the shrouds; one 5/8-in. turnbuckle for the jibstay and one for t
he bobstay; four 3/8-in. turnbuckles for the runner plank stays, and one for the martingale stay. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two rope blocks for 3/8-in. wire rope, Fig. 10, are used for the peak and throat, and one block for the wire rope 1/4 in. in diameter for the jib halyard. Four 6-in. and one 7-in. cleats, Fig. 18, are used. The blocks shown in Fig. 11 are used for the main
 and jib sheets. The steering arrangement is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The tiller is 3-1/2 ft. long; rudder post, 1-1/4 in. in diameter; shoulder to lower end of jaws, 4 in.; depth of jaws, 2-7/8 in.; length of post including screw top, 12 in. The rubber was
her acts as a spring on rough ice. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16 are shown metal bands for the nose of the back\-bone, and Figs. 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 show the saddles that fit over the back\-bone and hold the runner plank in place. There are two sets of these. A chock should be sunk in the runn
er plank at each side to connect with the backbone to keep it from slipping sidewise as the boat rises in the air. The martingale spreader is shown in Figs. 24 and 25. Straps through which the ring bolts for the shrouds pass on the ends to fasten the turnb
uckles for the runner plank guys are shown in Figs. 26 and 27. The bobstay spreaders are shown in Figs. 28, 29 and 30. In Fig. 31 is shown the top plate for the rudder post and in Figs. 32 and 33, the lower plate for same. The mast step is shown in Figs. 3
5, 36 and 37. Two positions of the jib traveler are shown in Fig. 38. The anchor plate for the bobstay under the cockpit is shown in Figs. 39 and 40. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 At the nose and heel the runner plank guys end in a loop. The bobstay has a loop at the nose and ends in a turnbuckle that fastens to the anchor plate under the cockpit, aft. The\- shrouds, jibstay and martingale have loops at the masthead and are spliced b
are over solid thimbles. The loops are finished in pigskin and served with soft cotton twine over the splice and var\-nished. The parceling is done with in\-sulating tape. Serve the tiller with soft cotton twine and ride a second serving over the first. For 
the halyards hoisting use a jig shown in Fig. 46.  The thimble shown in Fig. 47 is made by splicing the rope to the thimble at running part of halyard and passing back and forth through cleat and thimble. This gives a quick and strong purchase and does awa
y with cumber\-some blocks of the old-fashioned jig. The jib-sheet leads aft to the steering cockpit. The main-sheet ends in a jig of a single block and a single block with becket. Be sure that your sail covers are large enough--the sail maker al\-ways makes
 them too tight. The cock\-pit covers must fit tightly around the cockpit rail. Many boats have sail and cockpit covers in one piece. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The woodwork may be finished as desired by the builder. The dimen\-sions of the sails are given in the gen\-eral drawing, Fig. 1. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex113 Turning Lights }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20On {\charscalex113 and Off from Any Number of Places [310]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This can be done by the use of any number of reversing switches such as }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-1997\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24737\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_48fb80cd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wiring Diagram }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 those shown at Band C. These are inserted between the two-way switches A and D. Turning such a switch up or down connects the four contact pieces either diagonally as at C, or length\-wise as at B. The diagram shows con\-nection from A to D, when the lamps w
ill be on, but by turning either of these four switches into its alternative position, shown by the dotted lines, the circuit will be broken and the lights extinguished. When this has been done, the circuit may be restored and the lamps lighted again by al
tering either of the four switches in exactly the same way, and so on. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 It will be observed that a reversing switch used in this way practically undoes whatever is done by the other switches. In the accompanying dia\-gram only two reversing switches are shown and the lights can be independ\-ently controlled from four distinct po
sitions. Any number of reversing switches can be placed between the two-way switches A and D to increase the number of places from which the lights could be turned on}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex109 and off.\- --Contributed by J.}{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex109 S. Dow, Mayfield, London. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Electric Pendant Switch [310]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 It is often desired to use a pendant switch for controlling clusters of in\-candescent lamps. When such a switch is not at hand, a very good substitute can be made by screwing a common fuse plug into a key socket and connecting the socket in series with the
 lamps to be controlled. In this way you get a safe, reliable, fused switch. --Contributed by C. C. Heyder, Hansford, W.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex71  }{\charscalex109 Va. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Measure [310]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Never guess the length of a piece of work--measure it. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Water Motor  [311]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The small water motor shown in the illustration is constructed in the same manner as a German toy steam tur\-bine. The wheel, which is made of aluminum 1/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex78  }{\charscalex108 in. thick and 7 in. in di\-ameter, has }24 {\charscalex108 blades attached to it. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The lugs or extensions carrying the rim must be made from the metal of the wheel, therefore a circle 8 in. in di\-ameter must be first described on the aluminum plate, then another circle 7 in. in diameter within the first and then a circle for the base of 
the blades, 3-1/2 in. in diameter. Twenty-four radial lines at equal distances apart are drawn between the two smaller circles and a 1/4-in. hole drilled at the intersecting points of the radial lines and the inner\-most circle. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Centrally between each pair of ra\-dial lines and between the two outer circles, 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex108 by 3/8-in. lugs are marked out and the metal cut away as shown in Fig. }{\charscalex116 1. }{\charscalex108 A 1/8-in. hole is then drilled in the center of each lug. Each division is separated by cutting do
wn each radial line to the 1/4-in. hole with a hacksaw. Each arm is then given a quarter turn, as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. }2, {\charscalex108 and the lug bent over at right angles to receive the rim. The rim is made of the same material as the disk and con\-tains 
twenty-four 1/8 in.}{\i  }{\charscalex108 holes corre\-sponding to those in the lugs to re\-ceive brass bolts 1/4-in. long. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The disks PP were taken from the ends of a discarded typewriter platen, but if these cannot be readily obtained, they can be turned from metal or a heavy flat disk used instead. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The casing was made from two alu\-minum cake pans whose diameter was 8 in. at the base, increasing to 9 in. at the rim. The centers of these were lo\-cated and a 1/4 -in. hole drilled for the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2395\absh-730\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert46465\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3b40ee03.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex116 shaf}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex119 t. }{\charscalex116 The }{\charscalex108 disks P are the same as used on the wheel. Six holes 1/8-in. in diameter were drilled through the flat part of the rims while the two halves were held together in a vise. Bolts were placed through these holes to join the casing when ready for as
sembling. One side of the casing was then bolted to two 4-in. or\-dinary metal shelf brackets which were }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-3859\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m298dcc3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Motor }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 screwed to a substantial wood base. This kept one-half of the casing inde\-pendent of the main structure so that the wheel is easily accessible. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The nozzle was made of 1/2-in. brass pipe which was first filled with molten babbitt metal. When the metal was cool, a 1/4-in. hole was drilled halfway through the length of the tube, the hole being continued through to the other end by means of a 1/8-in. 
drill. The lower orifice was then slightly en\-larged with a small taper reamer, and the upper portion of the bore was reamed out almost to the brass to make a smooth entrance for the water. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A fixture to hold this nozzle is shown in Fig. 3. It was cast of babbitt metal in a wood mold. The hole for the noz\-zle was drilled at an angle of }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs2020 {\charscalex108 deg. to the plate part. An alternative and perhaps easier way would be to insert the nozzle in the mold at
 the proper angle and cast the metal around it. A hole was then cut in one of the sides of the casing at a point 2-7/8 in. along a horizontal line from the center. The nozzle fixture was then bolted on with }{\charscalex109 the exit orifice of the nozzle pointing downward 
and through the hole in the casing. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Six 1/8-in. holes were drilled through the flat portions of the rims while the two halves of the casing were held se\-curely together in a vise. Bolts were used in these holes to join the casing. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The wheel was used on the drip\-board of a kitchen sink and no pro\-vision was made to carry off the spent water except to cut two 1/2-in. holes in the bottom of the casing and allowing the waste to flow off directly into the sink. --Contributed by Harry F. 
Lowe, Washington, D. C. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Device for Baseball Throwing Practice [312]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Anyone training to be a baseball player will find the device shown in the accompanying illustration a great help }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3619\absh-3139\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert46849\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3c193afe.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ball Bounding on Concrete Slabs }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 when practicing alone. It consists of two cement slabs, one flat and upright, the other curved and on the ground. The vertical slab is fastened securely against a fence, barn or shed. The barn or the shed is preferable, for if the slab is fastened to a fen
ce, the ball will bound over a great many times and much time will be lost in finding it. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The player stands as far as he cares from the slabs and throws the ball against the lower slab. The ball im\-mediately rebounds to the upright slab and returns with almost as great a force as it was delivered. If the thrower does not throw the ball ex\-actly
 in the same spot each time, the ball will not rebound to the same place, consequently the eye and muscles are trained to act quickly, especially if the player stands within }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs2015 {\charscalex109 or }20 {\charscalex109 ft. of the slabs and throws the ball with great force. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This apparatus also teaches a person to throw accurately, as a difference in aim of a few inches on the lower slab may cause the ball to flyaway over the player's head on the rebound. --Con\-tributed by F. L. Oilar, La Fayette, Indiana. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Mail Photographs [312]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Cut a piece of cardboard 1 in. longer and }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex143 1 }{\charscalex109 in. wider than the mount of the photograph and lay the picture on it in the center. This allows a 1/2-in. border on all sides of the photograph. Punch two holes 1 in. apart at A, B, C and D, Fig. }{\charscalex119 1, }{\charscalex109 in the cardbo
ard border close to the edge of the picture. Put a string up through the hole B, Fig. }2, {\charscalex109 then across the corner of the photograph and down through the hole C and up through hole D, then to E, etc., until the starting point A is reached, and tie the ends. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The photograph will not get dam\-aged, if it is covered with tissue paper and placed with the face to the card\-board. The extension border of cardboard prevents the edges of the mount from being damaged and the corners }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-1622\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert61345\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1c5b3e7f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Back for Mailing Photo }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 from wearing. Both cardboard and photograph are wrapped together in paper, and the package is ready for mailing. --Contributed by Earl R. Hastings, Corinth, Vt. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Mystifying Watch Trick [313]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Borrow a watch from one of the audience and allow the owner to place it in the box, as shown in Fig. 1. This box should be about 3 in. long, 4 in. wide and 2-1/2 in. deep, says the Scien\-tific American. It should be provided with a hinged cover, M, with a 
lock, N. The tricky part of this box is the side S, which is pivoted at T by driving two short nails into it, one through the front side and\'b7 the other through the back, so that when S is pushed in at the top, it swings around as shown in Fig. 1 and allows
 the watch to slide out into the performer's hand. The side S should fit tightly when closed, so that the box may be examined without}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex116\i\f4  }{\charscalex108 betraying the secret. As the side S extends down to the bottom of the box, it facilitates the use of the fingers in pullin
g outward at the lower pan while the thumb is pressing inward at the top part. The side of the box op\-posite S should be built up in the same way, but not pivoted. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Use a flat-bottom tumbler, A, Fig. 2, containing an inner cone, B, for the reproduction of the watch. The cone is made of cardboard pasted to\-gether so it fits snugly inside of the tumbler. The cone is closed except at the bottom, then bran is pasted on th
e outside surfaces to make the tum\-bler appear as if filled with bran when it is in place. Place the tumbler with the cone inside on a table somewhat in the background. Put some loose bran on top of the cone and allow the cork, attached as shown in B, Fig.
 2, to hang down on the outside of the tumbler, away from the audience. A large hand\-kerchief should be laid beside the tum\-bler. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the watch has been placed in the box, Fig. 1, the performer takes the box in his left hand, and while in the act of locking it with his right hand secures possession of the watch as pre\-viously explained. Tossing the key to the owner of the watch, th
e per\-former places the box on a chair or table near the audience and, with the watch securely palmed, walks back to get the tumbler. Standing directly in front of the tumbler with his back to\-ward the audience, the performer }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3787\absh-4987\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert54241\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m16f93f30.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Parts for the Watch Trick }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 quickly raises the cone with his right hand, lays the watch in the bottom of the tumbler and replaces the cone. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The loaded tumbler and the hand\-kerchief are then brought forward, and the former is placed in full view of the audience with the cork hanging down behind it. The performer calls atten\-tion to the tumbler being full of bran and picks up some of it from the
 top to substantiate his statement. He then spreads the handkerchief over the tumbler, commands the watch to pass from the box into the tumbler and the bran to disappear. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The box is then handed to the owner of the watch so that he may unlock it with the key he holds. As soon as the box is found to be empty, the per\-former grasps the handkerchief spread over the tumbler, also the cork tied to the cone. Raising the handkerchi
ef, he carries up the cone within it, leav\-ing the watch in the bottom to be re\-turned to its owner. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Locking Several Drawers with One Lock [314]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex110\fs20 A{\b  }series or row of drawers can be secured with one lock by using the  }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2395\absh-4200\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert54785\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3cea21e0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex110\fs20 device shown in the sketch. This method takes away several dangling locks and the carry\-ing of many keys. A{\f4  }rod is used through the various staples over the hasps. The rod is upset on one end and flattened to make sufficient metal for drilling a hole large
 enough to insert the bar of a padlock. If the bar is made of steel and hardened, it is almost impossible to cut it in two. --Contributed by F. W. Bentley, Huron, S. Dak. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Testing Small Electric Lamps [314]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch shows the construction of a handy device for testing miniature electric lights. The base is made to take in an electric flash lamp battery. Two strips of brass, C and D, are connected to the battery. The lamp is tested by  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3888\absh-1954\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1473\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_142ee7ba.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lamp Tester }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex110\fs20 putting the metal end on the lower brass strip and the side against the upper one. A{\f4  }great number of lamps can be tested in a short time by means of this device. --Contributed by Abner B. Shaw, North Dartmouth, Mass.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Pin Ball [314]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 The pin ball shown in the illustra\-tion is made of calfskin modeling leather and saddler's felt. Two pieces of leather are used, and one piece of felt, all three being cut circular to a diameter of about 3 in. The felt may be about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex110 in. thick, and leath
er of a deep brown color is recommended. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Moisten the leather on the back side with as much water as it will take with\-out showing through the face. Lay it on a sheet of heavy glass or copper, or other hard, smooth, nonabsorbent ma\-terial. Place the design, which has been previously prepared, over
 the face of the leather. Indent the outline of the design with a nutpick or any other pointed tool that will not cut the leather. Remove the pattern, and go }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-2909\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert55201\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4a0dc9f7.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Made of Leather and Felt}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 over the outline again to}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex86  }{\charscalex110 deepen the tool marks. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The space between the border and the design is now stamped with a cup\-pointed nail set, care being taken not to cut the leather, especially if the tool be new. Rubbing the edges of the nail set over a piece of emery paper will serve to dull them, if they a
re too sharp. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the designs have been worked on the leather, paste or glue the leather to the two sides of the belt, and punch a hole in the center through which to place a cord for hanging up the ball. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cleaning Woodwork [315]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An easy method of removing the dirt and old varnish at the same time around a kitchen sink is told by a correspondent of National Magazine as fol\-lows: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make a soft soap from common yellow laundry soap, and when it is almost cold stir in one tablespoonful of concen\-trated lye and one-half cupful of kerosene. When the mixture becomes a heavy paste, it is ready to be spread over the wood\-work with a paint br
ush. Allow the soap to remain for a day and a half, then wash it off with plenty of hot water. The wood\-work will be clean and ready for var\-nishing when it dries out. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Bill File Made of Corkscrews [315]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An ordinary corkscrew makes a con\-venient file for small bills or memo\-randa. It may be thrown in any position without danger of the papers slip\-ping off. A rack to hold a number of files can be made of a wood strip (Fig. 1) fitted with hooks or screw eyes
 cut in a hook shape, as shown in Fig. 2, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3816\absh-2995\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert45761\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_268d133e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bill File }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Single bills may be separated from the others and will remain separated as in Fig. 3. --Contributed by James M. Kane,}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106  }{\charscalex109 Doylestown, Pa. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Ornamental Metal Inkstand [315]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The metal required for making this stand is 3/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex109 in. in width and may be }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4949\absh-3154\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16289\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1fb6a231.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Inkstand and Details of Frame }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 steel, brass or copper. The shaping is done as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. There are, in all, eight pieces to be bent. The two supports are each formed of one piece of metal with the exception that the end scroll pieces on the under side are made separately. E
ight rivets are required to fasten the two horizontal rings to the supports. The glass receptacle can be purchased at a station\-ery store.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Holding Eyeglasses Firm [315]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Persons who wear noseglasses and who are troubled with excessive per\-spiration, should chalk the sides of the bridge of the nose before putting on the glasses. The latter will then never slip, even in the warmest weather. If the chalk shows, use a pink sti
ck, which can be purchased from any art school or supply store. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Substitute for Gummed Paper [315]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gummed paper is a great conven\-ience in the home especially for labels, but it is not always found among the household supplies. The gummed por\-tions of unsealed envelopes in which circulars are received can be utilized for this purpose. Quite a large labe
l may be made from these envelope flaps. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Repairing a Broken Phonograph Spring  [316]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 As I live a great distance from a railroad station, I did not care to pay the price, and await the time neces\-sary to deliver a new phonograph spring to replace one that broke in my machine, and I repaired the old one in a creditable manner as follows: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 I forced the two ends of the break out where I could get at them, then heated each end separately with a pair of red hot tongs and turned a hook or }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 lap on them the same as the joints in knock-down stovepipes. When the ends were hooked together, the spring worked as good as new. The heated portion did not affect the strength of the spring. --Contributed by Marion P. Wheeler, Greenleaf, Oregon.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Calls While You Are Out [316]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 If you wish to know whether or not the door or telephone bell rings dur\-ing your absence, place a little rider of paper or cardboard on the clapper in such a way that it will be dislodged if}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex79  }{\charscalex108 the bell rings. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Small Bench Lathe Made of Pipe Fittings [316]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The most important machine in use in the modern machine or wood-work\-ing shop is the lathe. The uses to which this wonderful machine can be put would be too numerous to describe, but there is hardly a mechanical oper\-ation in which the turning lathe does n
ot figure. For this reason every ama\-teur mechanic and wood-worker who has a workshop, no matter how small, is anxious to possess a lathe of some }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7459\absh-5083\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3942a9f9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex126{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 1-Details of Lathe }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 sort. A good and substantial home\-made lathe, which is suitable for wood\-turning and light metal work, may be constructed from pipe and pipe fit\-tings as shown in the accompanying sketch. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The bed of this lathe is made of a piece of  1-in. pipe, about 30 in. long. It can be made longer or shorter, but if it is made much longer, a larger size of pipe should be used. The head\-stock is made of two tees, joined by a standard long nipple as shown
 in Fig. 1. All the joints should be screwed up tight and then fastened with 3/16-in. pins to keep them from turning. The ends of the bed are fixed to the base\-board by means of elbows, nipples and flanges arranged as shown. The two bearings in the headsto
ck are of brass. The spindle hole should be drilled and reamed after they are screwed in place in the tee. The spindle should be of steel and long enough to reach through the bearing and pulley and have enough end left for the center point. The point shoul
d extend about 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex108 in. out from the collar. The collar can be turned or shrunk on the spindle as de\-sired. The end of the spindle should be threaded to receive a chuck. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The tailstock is also made of two tees joined by a nipple. The lower tee should be bored out for a sliding fit on the bed pipe. The upper one should be tapped with a machine tap for the spindle which is threaded to fit it. The }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1910\absh-1286\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33057\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_24d0ade6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 spindle has a handle fitted at one end and has the other end bored out for the tail stock center. Both the tail stock and the headstock centerpoints should be hardened. A clamp for holding the tail stock spindle is made of a piece of strap iron, bent and d
rilled as shown. It is held to\-gether by means of a small machine screw and a knurled nut. The tee should have a slot cut in it about one-\-half its length and it should also have one bead filed away so that the clamp will fit tightly over it. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The hand rest is made from a taper\-ing elbow, a tee and a forging. The forging can be made by a blacksmith at a small expense. Both the lower }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi86\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1618\absh-802\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert43937\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m171e482a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 tees of the hand\-rest and the tail\-stock should be provided with screw clamps to hold them in place. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The pulley is made of hardwood pieces, 3/4 or }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex142 1 }{\charscalex108 in. thick as desired. It is fastened to the spindle by means of a screw, as shown in Fig. 2, or a key can be used as well. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Care must be taken to get the tailstock center vertically over the bed, else taper turning will result. To do this, a straight line should be scratched }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-2064\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62241\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_20a1ef2b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 4-Chuck }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 on the top of the bed pipe, and when the tail stock is set exactly vertical, a corresponding line made on this. This will save a great deal of time and trouble and possibly some errors. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The two designs of chucks shown in Figs. 3 and 4 are very easy to make, and will answer for a great variety of work. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 As the details are clearly shown and the general dimensions given on the accompanying sketches, it should not be a difficult matter for the young me\-chanic to construct this machine.\- --Contributed by W. M. Held, Laporte, Indiana.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Holder for Flexible Lamp-Cord [317]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The holder is made of a round stick--a piece of a broom handle will do--as shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex124 1. }{\charscalex108 It is about }{\charscalex124 1 }{\charscalex108 in. long with two notches cut out for the strands of the cord. These holders are easily made and will answer the purpose al\-most as well as the ones m
ade in porce\-lain. Painting or enameling will im\-prove not only their appearance, but also their insulating properties. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-1397\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1121\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_44cd27b8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ceiling-Cord Holder }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Several of them can be used along a line, as shown in Fig. 2. --Contributed by M. Musgrove, Boissevain, Man. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Support for Double Clotheslines [318]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Anyone using a double clothesline over pulleys will find the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 for supporting the  lower line quite convenient. The sup\-port is made of a piece of 3/4-in. square or round wood which has a screw-eye turned into each end. The line i
s run through these screw-eyes as shown in Fig. 2. --Contributed by W. W. Up\-DeGraff, Fruitvale, Cal. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3864\absh-3552\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1d319804.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Holder on a Clothesline }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Hot Pan or Plate Lifter  [318]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Unless a person uses considerable caution, bad burns may be suffered when taking hot pies from an oven. If one reaches in and takes hold of the pie pan with a cloth, the arm is liable to touch the oven door and receive a }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-1843\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert6657\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2cafb409.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lifter on Pie Pan }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 burn. To obviate this, I made the de\-vice shown in the sketch for lifting hot pie pans and plates. The handle is of pine about 18 in. long, and the two loops are made of heavy wire. The ends of the first loop of wire are put through the handle from the bac
k, as shown, and then bent so as to stand out at an angle. The second loop is hinged to swing free on the opposite side of the handle. In use, the hinged side of the loop is dropped under one edge of a plate or pan and the rigid loop is then hooked under t
he oppo\-site side. The weight of the pan or dish draws the loops together and there is little or no danger of a spill. The same lifter will pick up any size of plate or pan from a saucer to the largest pie plates. --Contributed by E. J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex109 Cline, Ft. Smith, A
rk.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Weighting Indian Clubs  [318]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1440\absh-3485\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17825\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6fd7269a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An ordinary Indian club can be fixed so that different weights may be had }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 without changing clubs. Each club is bored to receive lead washers which are held in place by a spiral spring. A bolt is run through from the handle end and fastened with a round nut. The lead washers and spring slip over the bolt as shown in the illustra\-
tion. Changing the number of washers changes the weight of the club. --Contributed by Walter W. White, Denver, Colo. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Venting a Funnel  [318]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When using a tight-fitting funnel in a small-neck bottle, trouble is usually experienced by the air causing a spill. This can be easily remedied by split\-ting a match in half and tying the parts on the sides of the stem with thread.\- --Contributed by Mauri
ce Baudier, New Orleans, La.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Lubricating Woodscrews [318]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A screw may be turned into hard\-wood easily, by boring a small hole and lubricating the screw threads with soft soap. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Make "Centering" Unnecessary [319]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For drilling a hole in a chucked piece, centering is just one operation too many, if this method is followed: }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 First, face off the end of the piece, making a true spot at least as big as the diameter of the drill. Put a center punch mark where the tool lines indi\-cate the center of revolution. This serves as a rough guide for placing the drill between the tail stoc
k center and the work as usual. Clamp a tool in the tool-post and, on starting the lathe, bring it in contact with the drill and keep it firmly so until the drill is in fully up to the lips. This prevents the drill from wobbling, and when once in true up t
o its size, it cannot change any more than under any other starting conditions. After being entered, the drill does not need the tool, which should be backed out of contact. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Fountain Pen Cap Used as a Ruler [319]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When it is necessary to draw a short line and there is no ruler at hand, take }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3792\absh-3086\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_e3061b5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ruling Lines }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 off the cap of your fountain pen and use it as a ruler. If the cap is fitted with a retaining clip, all the better, as this will prove a safeguard against slipping. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Vanishing Handkerchief Trick [319]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The necessary articles used in per\-forming this trick are the handkerchief, vanish\-ing wand, a long piece of glass tub\-ing, a bout 1/2 in. shorter t h a n the wand, and a paper tube closed at one end and covered with a cap at the other, says the Sphinx. Th
e handkerchief rod, shown at C, is concealed in the paper tube A before the perform\-ance. The glass tube B, after being shown empty; is put into the paper tube A, so that the handkerchief rod now is within it, unknown to the spectators. The handkerchief is
 then placed over }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2285\absh-3974\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29313\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1e9f5978.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the opening of the tube and pushed in by means of the wand. In doing this, the handkerchief and the rod are pushed into the wand, as shown in D. After the wand is removed, the cap is placed over the paper tube, and this given to someone to hold. The com\-ma
nd for the handkerchief to vanish is given, and it is found to be gone when the glass tube is taken out of the paper cover. This is a novel way of making a handkerchief vanish. It can be used in a great number of tricks, and can be varied to suit the per\-f
ormer. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing Glass Letters from Windows [319]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Glass letters are removed in the same way as metal letters, by applying caus\-tic soda or potash around the edges of the letters. As the cement softens, manipulate the point of a pocket knife under the edges of the letter until the caustic works completely 
under and makes it easy to lift the letters. With care and patience, every letter may be thus taken off without breakage. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Guitar That Is Easy to Make [320]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A guitar having straight lines, giv\-ing it an old-fashioned appearance, can be made by the home mechanic, and if care is taken in selecting the material, and having it thoroughly }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-3955\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert44801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_61b63b2c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Guitar}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 seasoned, the finished instrument will have a fine tone. The sides, ends and bottom are made of hard wood, prefer\-ably hard maple, and the top should be made of a thoroughly seasoned piece of soft pine. The dimensioned pieces required are as follows: }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 1 Top. 3/16{\charscalex148\i . }by 14 by 17 in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 Bottom. 3/16 by 14 by 17 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 2 Sides. 3/16 by 3-5/8 by 16-3/4 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1, End. 3/16 by 3-5/8 by 13-1/8 in. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 End. 3/16 by 3-5/8 by 9-5/6 in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 1 Neck. 1 by 2-5/16 by 18-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex73\i  }{\charscalex107 in. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 Fingerboard 5/16 by 2-5/8 by 16 in.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex137{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Cut the fingerboard tapering and fasten pieces cut from hatpins with small wire staples for frets. All di\-mensions for cutting and setting are shown in the sketch. The neck is cut tapering from G to F and from J}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex81  }{\charscalex108 to F, with the back side rounding. A drawkni
fe is the proper tool for shaping the neck. Cut a piece of hard wood, 1/4}{\charscalex59  }{\charscalex108 in. square and 1-7/8 in. long, and glue it to the neck at F. Glue the fingerboard to the neck and hold it secure with clamps while the glue sets. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The brace at D is 1 in. thick, cut to any shape desired. The sides are glued together and then the front is glued on them. Place some heavy weights on top and give the glue time to dry. Fasten pieces of soft wood in the corners for braces. Glue the neck to
 the box, making it secure by the addition of a carriage bolt at A. A small block C is glued to the end to reinforce it for the bolt. Glue strips of soft wood, as shown by K, across the front and back to strengthen them. The back is then glued on and the o
utside smoothed with sandpaper. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Make the bottom bridge by using an old hatpin or wire of the same size for E secured with pin staples. Glue the bridge on the top at a place that will make the distance from the bridge F to the bottom bridge E just 24 in. This dimension and those for the f
rets should be made accurately. Six holes, 3/16 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex88  }{\charscalex108 in. in diameter, are drilled in the bottom bridge for pins. The turning plugs B and strings can be purchased at any music store. --Contributed by J. H. Stoddard, Carbondale,Pa. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Greasing the Front Wheels of an Automobile [320]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The front wheel bearings of an au\-tomobile can be greased without re\-moving the wheels in the following \-manner: Remove the hub caps and fill them with heavy grease and then screw them in place. Continue this operation until the grease is forced be\-tween a
ll the bearings and out through the small clearance on the opposite side of the wheels. This should be done at least once every month to keep bear\-ings well lubricated and free from grit. Dirt cannot enter a well filled bearing as easily as muddy water can
 enter a dry bearing. --Contributed by Chas. E. Frary, Norwalk, O.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing Mold [320]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Mold on wallpaper can be removed at once by applying a solution of 1 part salicylic acid in 4 parts of 95% alcohol. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b HOW TO MAKE A PAPER BOAT [321]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Light Boat That Can Be Easily Carried }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now you might think it absurd to advise making a paper boat, but it is not, and you will find it in some re\-spects and for some purposes better than the wooden boat. When it is com\-pleted you will have a canoe, probably equal to the Indian's bark canoe. No
t only will it serve as an ideal fishing boat, but when you want to combine hunting and fishing you can put your boat on your shoulders and carry it from place to place wherever you want to go and at the same time carry your gun in your hand. The material 
used in its construction is inexpensive and can be purchased for a few dol\-lars. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6950\absh-3154\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16289\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4dce6bfd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Paper Boat Is Light and Easy to Propel }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make a frame (Fig. 1) on which to stretch the paper. A board 1 in. thick and about 1 ft. wide and 11-1/2 ft. long is used for a keel, or backbone, and is cut tapering for about a third of its length, toward each end, and beveled }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7570\absh-2242\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40129\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_526b7707.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Detail of Framework Construction }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 on the outer edges (A, Fig. 2). The cross-boards (B, B, Fig. 2) are next sawed from a pine board 1 in. thick. Shape these as shown by A, Fig. 4, 13 in. wide by 26 in. long, and cut away in the center to avoid useless weight. Fas\-ten them cross-wise to the 
bottom board as shown in Fig. 1 and 2, with long stout screws, so as to divide the keel into three nearly equal parts. Then add the stem and stern pieces (C, C, Fig. 2). These are better, probably, when made of green elm. Screw the pieces to the bottom-boa
rd and bend them, as shown in Fig. 2, by means of a string or wire, fastened to a nail driven into the bottom. Any tough, light wood that is not easily broken when bending will do. Green wood is preferable, because it will retain the shape in which it has 
been bent better after drying. For the gunwales (a, a, Fig. 3), procure at a carriage factory, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 or other place, some tight strips of ash, 3/8}{\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. thick. Nail them to the crossboards and fasten to the end pieces (C, C,) in notches, by several wrap\-pings of a
nnealed iron wire or copper wire, as shown in Fig. 3. Copper wire is better because it is less apt to rust. For fastening the gunwales to the crossboards use nails instead of screws, because the nails are not apt to loosen and come out. The ribs, which are
 easily made of long, slender switches of osier willow, or similar material, are next put in, but before doing this, two strips of wood (b, b, Fig. 3) should be bent and placed as in Fig. 3. They are used only temporarily as a guide in put\-ting in the ribs
, and are not fastened, the elasticity of the wood being suffi\-cient to cause them to retain their po\-sition. The osiers may average a lit\-tle more than 1/2}{\charscalex73\i  }{\charscalex105 in. in thickness and should be cut, stripped of leaves and bark and put in place while green and fr
esh. They are attached to the bottom by means of shingle nails driven through holes previously made in them with an awl, and are then bent down until they touch the strips of ash (b, b, Fig. 3), and finally cut off even with the tops of the gunwales, and n
otched at the end to receive them (B, Fig. }{\charscalex116 4). }{\charscalex105 Between the cross-boards the ribs are placed at intervals of 2 or 3 in., while in other parts they are as much as 5 or 6 in. apart. The ribs having all been fastened in place as described, the loose strips of 
ash (b, b, Fig. 3) are withdrawn and the framework will appear some\-what as in Fig. 1. In order to make all firm and to prevent the ribs from changing posi\-tion, as they are apt to do, buy some split cane or rattan, such as is used for making chair\-bottoms
, and, after soaking it in water for a short time to ren\-der it soft and pliable, wind it tightly around the gunwales and ribs where they join, and also interweave it among the ribs in other places, winding it about them and forming an irregular network ov
er the whole frame. Osiers probably make the best ribs, but twigs of some other trees, such as hazel or birch, will answer nearly as well. For the ribs near the middle of the boat, twigs }5 {\charscalex105 or 6 ft. long are re\-quired. It is often quite difficult to get the
se of }{\charscalex200\f4  }{\charscalex105 sufficient thickness throughout, and so, in such cases, two twigs may be used to make one rib, fastening the butts side by side on the bottom-board, and the smaller ends to the gunwales, as before described. In drying, the rattan becomes very tight 
and the twigs hard and stiff. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4440\absh-4330\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert61409\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m250ab44b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Important Features of Construction }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The frame-work is now complete and ready to be covered. For this purpose buy about 18 yd. of very strong wrap\-ping-paper. It should be smooth on the surface, and very tough, but neither stiff nor very thick. Being made in long rolls, it can be obtained in 
almost any length desired. If the paper be 1 yd. wide, it will require about two breadths to reach around the frame in the widest part. Cut enough of the roll to cover the frame and then soak it for a few minutes in water. Then turn the frame upside down a
nd fasten the edges of the two strips of paper to it, by lapping them carefully on the under side of the bottom-board and tacking them to it so that the paper hangs down }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 loosely on all sides. The paper is then trimmed, lapped and doubled over as smoothly a
s possible at the ends of the frame, and held in place by means of small clamps. It should be drawn tight along the edges, trimmed and doubled down over the gunwale, where it is firmly held by slipping the strips of ash (b, b) just inside of the gunwales i
nto notches which should have been cut at the ends of the cross-boards. The shrinkage caused by the drying will stretch the paper tightly over the framework. When thoroughly dry, varnish inside and out with asphaltum varnish thinned with turpentine, and as
 soon as that has soaked in, apply a second coat of the same varnish, but with less turpentine; and finally cover the laps or joints of the paper with pieces of muslin stuck on with thick varnish. Now remove the loose strips of ash and put on another layer
 of paper, fastening it along the edge of the boat by replacing the strips as be\-fore. When the paper is dry, cover the laps with muslin as was done with the first covering. Then varnish the whole outside of the boat several times until it presents a smoot
h shining surface. Then take some of the split rattan and, after wetting it, wind it firmly around both gunwales and inside strip, passing it through small holes punched in the paper just below the gunwale, until the inside and outside strips are bound tog
ether into one strong gunwale. Then put a piece of oil-cloth in the boat between the cross-boards, tacking it to the bottom-board. This is done to protect the bottom of the boat. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now you may already have a canoe that is perfectly water-tight, and steady in the water, if it has been properly constructed of good material. If not, however, in a few days you may be disappointed to find that it is becoming leaky. Then the best remedy is
 to cover the whole boat with unbleached muslin, sewed at the ends and tacked along the gunwales. Then tighten it by shrinking and finally give it at least three coats of a mixture of varnish and paint. This will doubtless stop the leaking entirely and wil
l add but little to either the weight or cost. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Rig the boat with wooden or iron row locks (B, B, Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 5), }{\charscalex107 preferably iron, and light oars. You may put in }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3710\absh-4685\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9089\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m499318e3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Off for a Hunt}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 several extra thwarts or cross-sticks, fore and aft, and make a movable seat (A, Fig. 5.) With this you will doubt\-less find your boat so satisfactory that you will make no more changes. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For carrying the boat it is convenient to make a sort of short yoke (C, Fig. 5), which brings all the weight upon the shoulders; and thus lightens the labor and makes it very handy to carry. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Hang Heavy Things on a Nail [323]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Boys will find many places around }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1488\absh-2112\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert8769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m78623922.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the house, where a hook to hang things on will be a great convenience. Instead of buying hooks use wire nails, and if driven as shown in the cut, they will support very heavy weights. Drive the lower nail first. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Elderberry Huller [324]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 As we had only one day to pick elderberries, we wanted to get as many of them as we could in that time. We could pick them faster than they could  be hulled by hand so we made a huller to take along with us to hull the ber\-ries as fast as they were picked.
 We procured a box and made a frame, Fig. 1, to fit it easily, then made another frame the same size and put a piece of wire mesh between them as shown in Fig. 2, allowing a small portion of the mesh to stick out of the frames. The top frame would keep the
 berries from rolling or jumping off, and the bottom frame kept the wire mesh and frame from being shaken off the box. The projecting edges of the mesh would keep the frame on the top edge of the box. The top view of the frame is shown in Fig. 1 and the en
d in Fig. 5, and the box on which the frame rests in Fig. 3. The actual size of the wire mesh used is shown in Fig. 4. One person could hull with this huller as many berries as two persons would pick. --Contributed by Albert Niemann, Pittsburg, Pa. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-7152\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert43553\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m389128f3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Elderberry Huller }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Bulb on a Glass Tube [324]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 As a great many persons during the winter months are taking advantage of the long evenings to experiment in one way or another, the following method of forming bulbs on glass tubes may be of interest. A common method is to heat the part to be formed and by
 blowing in one end of the tube grad\-ually expand the glass. This way has its drawbacks, as many are not suf\-ficiently familiar with the work to blow a uniform blast, and the result is, a hole is blown through the side of the tube by uneven heating or blow
ing. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good way to handle this work, is to take the tube and 1 or 2 in. more in length than the finished article is to be and place one end over an alcohol flame, and by holding a spare piece of tubing against the end allow them both to come to a melting heat, 
then pull apart and instead of breaking off the long thread thus formed, simply hold it in the flame at an angle of 45 deg. and melt it down and close the end at the same time. Close the other end with the same operation; this makes the tube airtight. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Gradually heat the tube at the point where the bulb is to be formed, slowly turning the tube to get a uniform heat. The air inside of the tube becoming heated will expand, and the glass, being softer where the flame has been applied, will be pushed out in 
the shape of a bulb. A great deal of care should be taken not to go to extremes, as the bulb will burst with a loud report if the heat is applied too long. The best results are obtained by heating the glass slowly and then the bulb can be formed with regul
arity. This is an }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 easy way to make a thermometer tube. After the bulb is formed, the other end of the tube can be opened by heating, drawing out and breaking the thread like glass. --Contributed by A. Oswald. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Sconce [325]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A sconce is a candlestick holder, so made that it has a reflector of brass or copper and is to hang upon the wall. The tools necessary are a riveting hammer, file, metal shears, rivet punch, flat and round-nosed pliers, screwdriver and sheet brass or coppe
r No. 23 gauge.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 To make the sconce proceed as fol\-lows: First, cut off a piece of brass so that it shall have 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. extra metal all around; second, with a piece of carbon paper, trace upon the brass lines that shall represent the margin of the sconce proper, also trace 
the decorative de\-sign; third, with a nail set make a series of holes in the extra margin about 3/4} {\charscalex109 in. apart and large enough to take in a 3/4-in. thin screw; fourth, fasten the metal to a thick board by inserting screws in these holes; fifth, with a twen
ty-penny wire nail that has had the sharpness of its point filed off, stamp the background of the design promiscuously. By holding the nail about 1/4 in. above the work and strik\-ing it with the hammer, at the same time striving to keep its point at 1/4 in
. above the metal, very rapid progress can be made. This stamping lowers the background and at the same time raises the design. Sixth, chase or stamp along the border of the design and background using a nail filed to a chisel edge. This is to make a clean
 sharp division between background and design. Seventh, when the stamping is complete remove the screws and metal from the board and cut off the extra margin with the metal shears. File the edges until they are smooth to the touch. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The drip cup is a piece of brass cut circular and shaped by placing the brass over a hollow in one end of a block. Give the metal a circular mo\-tion, at the same time beat it with a round-nosed mallet. Work from the center along concentric rings outward, t
hen reverse. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The candle holders may have two, three, four, or six arms, and are bent to shape by means of the round-nosed }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3864\absh-6350\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert46049\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4fa0412b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Completed Sconce }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1\tx2515{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex114 Shaping the Holders \tab Riveting }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114\tx1\tx2515{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 pliers. The form of the brackets which support the drip cups may be seen in the illustration. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Having pierced the bracket, drip cup, and holder, these three parts are riveted together as indicated in the drawing. It will be found easier usually if the holder is not shaped until after the riveting is done. The bracket is then riveted to the back of t
he sconce. Small copper rivets are used. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is better to polish all the pieces before fastening any of them together. Metal polish of any kind will do. After the parts have been assembled a lac\-quer may be applied to keep the metal from tarnishing. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How To Make a Hectograph [326]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3619\absh-3528\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2817\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m63716307.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi513\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Making Copies with the Hectograph }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A hectograph is very simply and eas\-ily made and by means of it many copies of writing can be obtained from a single original. Make a tray of either tin or  pasteboard, a little larger than the sheet of paper you ordinarily use and about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. deep. Soak
 1 oz. of gelatine in cold water over night and in the morning pour off the water. Heat 6-1/2 oz. of glycerine to about 200 deg. F. on a water bath, and add the gelatine. This should give a clear glycerine solution of gelatine. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place the tray so that it is perfectly level and pour in the gelatinous com\-position until it is nearly level with the edge of the tray. Cover it so the cover does not touch the surface of the composition and let it stand six hours, when it will be ready f
or use. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make the copy to be reproduced on ordinary paper with aniline ink; using a steel pen, and making the lines rather heavy so they have a greenish color in the light. A good ink may be made of methyl violet 2 parts, alcohol 2 parts, sugar 1 part, glycerine 4 
parts, and wa\-ter 24 parts. Dissolve the violet in the alcohol mixed with the glycerine; dis\-solve the sugar in the water and mix both solutions. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the original copy of the writ\-ing is ready moisten the surface of the hectograph slightly with a sponge, lay the copy face down upon it and smooth down, being careful to exclude all air bubbles and not shifting the paper. Leave it nearly a minute and 
raise one corner and strip it from the pad, where will remain a reversed copy of the inscription. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Immediately lay a piece of writing paper of the right size on the pad, smooth it down and then remove as be\-fore. It will bear a perfect copy of the original. Repeat the operation until the number of copies desired is ob\-tained or until the ink on the pad 
is exhausted. Fifty. or more copies can be obtained from a single original. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When through using the hectograph wash it off with a moist sponge, and it will be ready for future use. If the surface is impaired at any time it can be remelted in a water bath and poured into a tray as before, if it has not ab\-sorbed too much ink.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex107\b How to Make a Sailomobile [326] }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 By Frank Mulford, Shiloh, N. J. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 I had read of the beach automobiles used on the Florida coast; they were like an ice boat with a sail, except they had wheels instead of runners. So I set to work to make something to take me over the country roads. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 I found and used seven fence pickets for the frame work, and other things as they were needed. I spliced two rake handles together for the mast, winding the ends where they came to\-gether with wire. A single piece would be better if you can get one long en
ough. The gaff, which is the stick to which the upper end of the sail is fastened, is a broomstick. The boom, the stick at the bottom of the sail, was made of a rake handle with a broom\-stick spliced to make it long enough. Mother let me have a sheet, whic
h I put down on the floor and cut into the shape of a mainsail. The wind was the cheapest power to be found, thus it was utilized; the three wheels were cast-off bicycle wheels. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 I steer with the front wheel, which was the front wheel of an old bicycle }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 with the fork left on. The axle be\-tween the rear wheels is an iron bar which cost me 15 cents, and the pulley which raises and lowers the sail cost 5 cents. Twenty cents was all I s
pent, all the rest I found. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A saw, hammer, and brace and bit were the tools used. Slats made the seat and a cushion from the house made it comfortable, and in a week  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6773\absh-9523\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12833\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6ce6ea7e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sailomobile for Use on Country Roads }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 everything was ready for sailing. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Once it was started with only my lit\-tle cousin in it and I had to run fast to catch up.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe255\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Magic Lantern [328]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The essential parts of a magic lantern are a condensing lens to make the beam of light converge upon the slide to illuminate it evenly, a projecting lens }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3710\absh-2621\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39361\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_36cc6d10.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lantern House }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 with which to throw an enlarged pic\-ture of the illuminated slide upon a screen and some appliances for pre\-serving the proper relation of these parts to each other. The best of materials should be used and the parts put together with care to produce a cle
ar picture on the screen. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The first to make is the lamp house or box to hold the light. Our illustra\-tion shows the construction for an electric light, yet the same box may be used for gas or an oil lamp, provided the material is of metal. A tin box having dimensions somewhere near
 those given in the diagrammatic sketch may be secured from your local grocer, but if such a box is not found, one can be made from a piece of tin cut as shown in Fig. 1. When this metal is bent at right angles on the dotted lines it will form a box as sho
wn in Fig. 2 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7594\absh-2573\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35073\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4c35f044.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magic Lantern Details }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 which is placed on a baseboard, 1/2 to 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex74\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. thick, 8 in. wide, and 14 in. long. This box should be provided with a reflector located just back of the lamp. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Procure a plano-convex or a bi-con\-vex 6-in. lens with a focal length of from 15 to 20 in. and a projecting lens 2 in. in diameter with such a focal length that will give a picture of the required size, or a lens of 12-in. focus enlarging a 3-in. slide to 
about 6 ft. at a distance of 24 ft. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The woodwork of the lantern should be of 1/2-in., well seasoned pine, white wood or walnut and the parts fastened together with wood screws, wire brads, or glue, as desired. The board in which to mount the condensing lens is 16 in. wide and 15 in. high, ba
ttened on both ends to keep the wood from warping. The board is centered both ways, and, at a point 1 in. above the center, de\-scribe a 9-in. circle with a compass and saw the wood out with a scroll or key\-hole saw. If a small saw is used, and the work car
efully done, the circular piece removed will serve to make the smaller portion of the ring for holding the condensing lens. This ring is made up from two rings, A and B, Fig. 3. The inside and outside diameters of the ring B are 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. greater than the co
rresponding diameters of ring A, so when fastened together concentrically an inner rabbet is formed for the recep\-tion of the lens and an outer rabbet to fit against the board C in and against which it rotates being held in place by buttons, DD. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 A table, E, about 2 ft. long is fas\-tened to the board C with brackets F and supported at the outer end with a standard. The slide support, G, and the lens slide, H, are constructed to slip easily on the table, E, the strips II serving as guides. Small str
ips of tin, JJ,}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex109 are bent as shown and fastened at the top and bottom of the rectangular opening cut in the support G for hold\-ing the lantern slides. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 All the parts should be joined together snugly and the movable parts made to slide freely and when all is complete and well sandpapered, apply two coats of shellac varnish. Place the lamp house on the bottom board be\-hind the condensing lens and the lanter
n is ready for use. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The proper light and focus may be obtained by slipping the movable parts on the board E, and when the right position is found for each, all lantern slides will produce a clear picture on the screen, if the position of the lantern and screen is not changed.
 --Con\-tributed by Stuart Mason Kerr, St. Paul, Minn. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Quickly Made Lamp [329]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 A very simple lamp can be made from materials which are available in practically every household in the fol\-lowing manner: A cheap glass tumbler is partly filled with water and then about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82\i  }{\charscalex109 in. of safe, light burning oil, placed on the water. Cut a thin 
strip from an ordinary cork and make a hole in the center to carry a short piece of wick. The wick should }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1997\absh-2976\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2e8c5ea7.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 be of such a length as to dip into the oil, but not long enough. To reach the water. The upper surface of the cork may be protected from the flame with a}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex76\i  }{\charscalex109 small piece of tin bent over the edges and a hole punched in the center for the wick. The weight of th
e tin will force the cork down into the oil. The level of the oil should be such as to make the flame below the top of the tumbler and the light then will not be blown out with draughts. The ar\-rangement is quite safe as, should the glass happen to upset, 
the water at once extinguishes the flame.-Contrib\-uted by G. P. B. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Paper Aeroplane [329]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very interesting and instructive toy aeroplane can be made as shown in the accompanying illustrations. A sheet }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-72\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-3106\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15521\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m47e39e81.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Folding the Paper }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 of paper is first folded, Fig. 1, then the corners on one end are doubled over, Fig. 2, and the whole piece finished up and held together with a paper clip as in Fig. 3. The paper clip to be used should be like the one shown in Fig. 4. If one of these clip
s is not at hand, form a piece of wire in the same shape, as it will be needed for balancing purposes as well as for holding the paper together. Grasp the aeroplane between the thumb and forefinger at the place marked A}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex125  }{\charscalex109 in Fig. 3, keeping the paper as leve
l as possible and throwing it as you would a dart. The aeroplane will make an easy and graceful flight in a room where no air will strike it. --Con\-tributed by J.H. Crawford, Schenec\-tady, N. Y. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Bronze Liquid [329]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Banana oil or amyl acetate is a good bronze liquid.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Wrestling Mat [330]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cost of a wrestling mat is so great that few small clubs can afford to own one. As we did not see our way }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-4243\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28641\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m365fb01a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Made of Bed Mattresses }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 clear to purchase such a mat, I made one of six used bed mattresses (Fig. 1) purchased from a second-hand dealer. I ordered a canvas bag, 12 ft. 3 in. by 12 ft. 9 in., from a tent company, to cover the mattresses. The bag con\-sisted of two pieces with the 
seam along each edge. The mattresses were laid side by side and end to end and the bag placed on and laced up as shown in Fig. 2. --Contributed by Wal\-ter W. White, Denver, Colo. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Pocket Voltammeter [330]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Remove the works and stem from a discarded dollar watch, drill two 3/16 in. holes in the edge, 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. apart, and insert two binding-posts, Fig. 1, in\-sulating them from the case with card\-board. Fold two strips of light card\-board, 1/2}{\charscalex77  }{\charscalex108 in. wide, so as to 
form two oblong boxes, 1/2}{\charscalex77  }{\charscalex108 in. long and 3/16}{\charscalex69\i  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, open on the edges. On one of these forms wind evenly the wire taken from a bell magnet to the depth of 1/8}{\charscalex76  }{\charscalex108 in. and on the other wind some 20 \-gauge wire to the same depth. Fasten the wire with gummed 
label, to keep it from unwinding. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Glue the coils to the back of the case and connect one wire from each binding-post as shown in Fig. 2, while the other two wires are connected to an induction coil lead which is inserted in the hole from which the stem was removed. Fasten a brass-headed ta
ck to the case at the point F with sealing wax or solder and bend a wire in the shape shown in Fig. 3 to swing freely on the tack. Attach a piece of steel rod, 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex108 in. long, in the center coil, C, Fig. 2.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A rubber band, D, connects the steel rod C with the top of the watch case. The ends of the rubber are fastened with sealing wax. The rubber keeps the pointer at zero or in the middle of the scale. Do not use too strong a rubber. A dial may be made by cutti
ng a piece of stiff white paper so it will fit under the crystal of the watch. An arc is cut in the paper, as shown in Fig. 1, through which the indicator works.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To calibrate the instrument, first mark the binding-post A, which is con\-nected to the coil of heavy wire, for amperes and the other post, V, to the coil of small wire for volts. Connect the lead and the post marked A to one, two and three cells and each t
ime mark the place of the pointer on the dial. Take corresponding readings on a standard ammeter and mark the fig\-ures on the dial. The volt side of the dial may be calibrated in the same manner, using a voltmeter instead of the ammeter. The place where th
e }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3821\absh-2290\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert47713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1ab86584.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi768\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Voltammeter in a Watch Case }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 indicator comes to rest after discon\-necting the current is marked zero.\- --Contributed by Edward M. Teasdale, Warren, Pa. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Film Washing Trough [331]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3274\absh-5083\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_17664228.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Washing a Negative Film }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi124\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The washing of films without scratch\-ing them after they are developed and fixed is very difficult in hot weather. A convenient washing trough for washing full length films is shown in the accompanying sketch. The trough must be made for the size of the fi
lm to be washed. Cut a 1/4-in. board as long as the film and a trifle wider than the film's width. Attach strips to the edges of the board to keep the water from spilling over the sides. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Cut a hole in one side of a baking \-powder can about half way between the top and bottom, large enough to admit a fair-sized stream of water from a faucet. Then solder the cover to the can and punch a number of holes about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. apart along the opposite 
side from where the large hole was cut. Place this can on one end of the trough, as shown, with the large hole up. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Some heavy wire bent in the shape of a U and fastened to the under side of the trough at the can end will fur\-nish supports to keep that end of the trough the highest and place the open\-ing in the can close beneath the water faucet. A common pin stuck thro
ugh one end of the film and then in the trough close to the can will hold it in position for washing. Five minutes' washing with this device is sufficient to remove all traces of the hypo from the film. --Contributed by M. M. Hunt\-ing, Dayton, O. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Wood Burning [331]}
\par 
\par 
\pard\plain\absw5414\absh9359\dfrmtxtx181\nowrap\pvpara\posy0\phcol\posx0{\*\flymaincnt224\flyvert54496\flyhorz19456\flyanchor0\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_76a809ec.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Burnt wood work done with an ordinary reading glass and the sun's rays.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Diving Bottle [331]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 This is a very interesting and easily performed experiment illustrating the transmission of pressure by liquids. Take a wide-mouthed bottle and fill almost full of water; then into this bot\-tle place, mouth downward, a small vial or bottle having just enou
gh air in the bottle to keep it barely afloat. Put a sheet of rubber over the mouth of the large bottle, draw the edge down over the neck and wrap securely with a piece of string thus forming a tightly stretched diaphragm over the top. When a finger is pre
ssed on the rubber }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 the small bottle will slowly descend until the pressure is released when the }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3552\absh-3509\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert13089\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1874d639.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pressure Experiments }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 small bottle wilt ascend. The moving of the small bottle is caused by the pres\-sure transmitted through the water, thus causing the volume of air in the small tube to decrease and the bottle to descend and ascend when released as the air increases to the o
riginal volume. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This experiment can be performed with a narrow-necked bottle, provided the bottle is wide, but not very thick. Place the small bottle in as before, tak\-ing care not to have too much air in the bottom. If the cork is adjusted prop\-erly, the bottle may be he
ld in the hand and the sides pressed with the fingers, thus causing the small bottle to descend and ascend at will. If the small bottle used is opaque, or an opaque tube such as the cap of a foun\-tain pen, many puzzling effects may be obtained. --Contribut
ed by John Shahan, Auburn, Ala. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Inexpensive Wooden Fan [332]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Select a nice straight-grained piece of white pine about 1/4 in. thick, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs203/4 {\charscalex109 in. wide and }{\f4 4 }{\charscalex109 in. long. Lay out the design desired and cut as shown in Fig. 1, and then soak the wood in hot water to make it soft and easy to split. Cut the divisions very thin w
ith a sharp knife down to the point A, as shown in the sketch, taking care not to split the wood through the part left for the handle. The fan is then fin\-ished by placing each piece over the other as in Fig. 2. This will make a very pretty ornament. --Con
tributed by Fred W. Whitehouse, Upper Troy, N.Y.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi90\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex115\f4 \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-2530\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33057\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m23533bff.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cutting the Wood and Complete Fan}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Combination Telegraph and Telephone Line [332]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-1060\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying diagrams show connections for a short line system }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-2107\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2337\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2569bb65.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wiring Diagram }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 (metallic circuit) of telegraph where a telephone may be used in combination on the line. The telephone receivers can be used both as receivers and trans\-mitters, or ordinary telephone trans\-mitters, induction coils and battery may be used in the circuit w
ith a receiver. If a transmitter is used, its batteries may be connected in circuit with a common push button which is held down when using the telephone. On a 1000-ft. line, four dry cells will be suffi\-cient for the telegraph instruments and two cells fo
r the telephone. --Contrib\-uted by D. W. Milter. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Miniature Windmill [333]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The following description is how a miniature windmill was made, which gave considerable power for its size, even in a light breeze. Its smaller parts, such as blades and pulleys, were constructed of 1-in. sugar pine on ac\-count of its softness. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The eight blades were made from pieces 1 by 1-1/2 by 12 in. Two opposite edges were cut away until the blade was about 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex108 in. thick. Two inches }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7862\absh-4219\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9857\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1fb78e8c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex115 Details of Miniature Windmill Construction }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 were left uncut at the hub end. They were then nailed to the circular face plate A, Fig. 1, which was 6 in. in di\-ameter and 1 in. thick. The center of the hub was lengthened by the wooden disk, B, Fig. 1, which was nailed to the face plate. The shaft C, F
ig. 1, was 1/4-in. iron rod, 2 ft. long, and turned in the bearings detailed in Fig. 2. J}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex84  }{\charscalex108 was a nut from a wagon bolt and was placed in the bearing to insure easy running. The bearing blocks were 3 in. wide, 1 in. thick and 3 in. high with\-out the upper ha
lf. Both bearings were made in this manner. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The shaft C was keyed to the hub of the wheel, by the method shown in Fig. 3. A staple, K, held the shaft from revolving in the hub. This method was also applied in keying the 5-in. pulley F}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117\b\f4 , }{\charscalex108 to the shaft, G, Fig. 1, which extended to the ground. The 2-1/2
-in. pul\-ley, I, Fig. 1, was keyed to shaft C, as shown in Fig. 4. The wire L was put through the hole in the axle and the two ends curved so as to pass through the two holes in the pulley, after which they were given a final bend to keep the pulley in pla
ce. The method by which the shaft C was kept from work\-ing forward is shown in Fig. 5. The washer M intervened between the bearing block and the wire N, which was passed through the axle and then bent to prevent its falling out. Two washers were placed on 
shaft C, be\-tween the forward bearing and the hub of the wheel to lessen the friction. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bed plate D, Fig. 1, was 2 ft. long, 3 in. wide and 1 in. thick and was tapered from the rear bearing to the slot in which the fan E was nailed. This fan was made of 1/4-in. pine 18 by 12 in. and was cut the shape shown. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The two small iron pulleys with screw bases, H, Fig. 1, were obtained for a small sum from a hardware dealer. Their diameter was 1-1/4 in. The belt which transferred the power from shaft C to shaft G was top string, with a section of rubber in it to take u
p slack. To prevent it from slipping on the two }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 wooden pulleys a rubber band was placed in the grooves of each. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The point for the swivel bearing was determined by balancing the bed plate, with all parts in place, across the thin edge of a board. There a 1/4-in. hole was bored in which shaft G turned. To lessen the friction here, washers were placed under pulley F. T
he swivel bearing was made from two lids of baking powder cans. A section was cut out of one to permit its being enlarged enough to admit the other. The smaller one, 0, Fig. 6, was nailed top down with the sharp edge to the underside of the bed plate, so t
hat the 1/4-in. hole for the shaft G was in the center. The other lid, G, was tacked, top down also, in the center of the board P, with brass headed furniture tacks, R, Fig. 6, which acted as a smooth surface for the other tin to revolve upon. Holes for sh
aft G were cut through both lids. Shaft G was but 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex107 in. in diameter, but to keep it from rubbing against the board P, a 1/2-in. hole was bored for it, through the latter. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The tower was made of four }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex122 1 }{\charscalex107 by }{\charscalex122 1 \-}{\charscalex107 in. strips, }25 {\charscalex107 ft. long. They converged from points on the ground forming an 8-ft. square to the board P at the top of the tower. This board was 12 in. square and the corners were notched to admit the strips as shown, Fig
. }{\charscalex111 1. }{\charscalex107 Laths were nailed diagonally between the strips to strengthen the tower later\-ally. Each strip was screwed to a stake in the ground so that by disconnecting two of them the other two could be used as hinges and the tower could be tipped over and lower
ed to the ground, as, for instance, when the windmill needed oiling. Bearings for the shaft G were placed 5 ft. apart in the tower. The power was put to various uses.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Telegraph Instrument and Buzzer [334]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The only expenditure necessary in constructing this telegraph instrument is the price of a dry cell, providing one has a few old materials on hand. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Procure a block of wood about 6 in. long and 3 in. wide and take the coils out of an old electric bell. If you have no bell, one may be had at the dealers for a small sum. Fasten these coils on the blocks at one end as in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111 1. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Cut a piece of tin }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs202 {\charscalex107 in. long and 1/2 in. wide and bend it so the end of the tin }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6730\absh-2155\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3ead16ad.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Home-Made Telegraph Instrument }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 when fastened to the block will come just above the core of the coil. Cut another piece of tin 3 in. long and bend it as shown at A, Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs202. {\charscalex107 Tack these two pieces of tin in front of the coils as shown in the illustration. This com\-pletes the receiver or so
under. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 To make the key, cut out another piece of tin (X, Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex110\f4 1) }{\charscalex107 4 in. long and bend it as shown. Before tacking it to the board, cut off the head of a nail and drive it in the board at a point where the loose end of the tin will cover it. Then tack the key to th
e board and connect the wires of the battery as in Fig. }{\charscalex116 1. }{\charscalex107 Now, move the coils back and forth until the click sounds just the way you wish and you are ready to begin on the Morse code. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When tired of this instrument, con\-nect the wire from the coils to the key to point A and the one connected at the point under the key to B, leaving the other wire as it is. By adjusting the coils, the receiver will begin to vibrate rapidly, causing a buzz
ing sound. --Contributed by John R. Mc\-Connell. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Water Bicycle [335]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Water bicycles afford fine sport, and, like many another device boys make, can be made of material often cast off by their people as rubbish. The prin\-ciple material necessary for the con\-struction of a water bicycle is oil barrels. Flour barrels will not 
do-they are not strong enough, nor can they be made perfectly airtight. The grocer can furnish you with oil barrels at a very small cost, probably let you have them for making a few deliveries for him. Three barrels are required for the water bicycle, alth
ough it can be made with but two. Figure 1 shows the method of arranging the barrels; after the manner of bicycle wheels. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Procure an old bicycle frame and make for it a board platform about 3 ft. wide at the rear end and tapering to about 2 ft. at the front, using cleats to hold the board frame, as shown at }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3571\absh-2064\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62241\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6e25fe32.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-86\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Water, Bicycle Complete }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-86\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the shaded portion K. The construc\-tion of the barrel part is shown in Fig. 2. Bore holes in the center of the heads of the two rear barrels and also in the heads of the first barrel and put a shaft of wood, through the rear barrels and one through the fro
nt barrel, adjusting the side pieces to the shafts, as indicated. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Next place the platform of the bicy\-cle frame and connections thereon. Go\-ing back to Fig. 1 we see that the driv\-ing chain passes from the sprocket driver L of the bicycle frame to the place downward between the slits in the platform to the driven sprocke
t on the shaft between the two barrels. Thus a center drive is made. The rear barrels are, fitted with paddles as at M, consisting of four pieces of board nailed }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-3528\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2817\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6eb414bb.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi902\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Barrel Float for Bicycle }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and cleated about the circumference of the barrels, as shown in Fig. 1. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The new craft is now ready for a first voyage. To propel it, seat yourself on the bicycle seat, feet on the pedals, just as you would were you on a bicycle out in the street. The steering is ef\-fected by simply bending the body to the right or left, which 
causes the craft to dip to the inclined side and the affair turns in the dipped direction. The speed is slow at first, but increases as the force is generated and as one be\-comes familiar with the working of the affair. There is no danger, as the air\-tight
 barrels cannot possibly sink. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Another mode of putting together the set of barrels, using one large one in the rear and a small one in the front is presented in Fig, 3. These two bar\-rels are empty oil barrels like the others. The head holes are bored and the proper wooden shafts are in
serted and the entrance to the bores closed tight by calking with hemp and putty or clay. The ends of the shafts turn in the wooden frame where the re\-quired bores are made to receive the same. If the journals thus made are well oiled, there will not be mu
ch friction. Such a frame can be fitted with a platform and a raft to suit one's in\-dividual fancy built upon it, which can }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m22abf86d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Another Type of Float }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 be paddled about with ease and safety on any pond. A sail can be rigged up by using a mast and some sheeting; or even a little houseboat, which will give any amount of pleasure, can be built. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How To Make a Small Searchlight [336]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The materials required for a small searchlight are a 4-volt lamp of the loop variety, thin sheet brass for the cylinder, copper piping and brass tub\-ing for base. When completed the searchlight may be fitted to a small boat and will afford a great amount }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2107\absh-1488\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26881\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7292e4f3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 of pleasure for a little work, or it may be put to other uses if de\-sired. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make a cylin\-der of wood of the required size and bend a sheet of thin brass around it. Shape small blocks of box\-wood, D, Fig. 1, to fit the sides and pass stout pieces of brass wire through the middle of the blocks for trunnions. Exactly through the midd
le of the sides of the cylinder drill holes just so large that when the blocks containing the }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 trunnions are cemented to the cylinder there is no chance of contact between cylinder and trunnion, and so creating a false circuit. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The trunnion should project slightly into the cylinder, and after the lamp has been placed in position by means of the small wood blocks shown in Fig. 1, the wires from the lamp should be soldered to the trunnions. It is best to solder the wire to the trun
nions be\-fore cementing the side blocks inside the cylinder. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Turn a small circle of wood, A, Fig. 2, inside the cylinder to fit exactly and fasten to it a piece of mirror, C, Fig. 2, exactly the same size to serve as a re\-flector. Painting the wood with white enamel or a piece of brightly polished metal will serve t
he purpose. On the back of the piece of wood fasten a small brass handle, B, Fig. 2, so that it may readily be removed for cleaning. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In front of cylinder place a piece of magnifying glass for a lens. If a piece to fit cannot be obtained, fit a glass like a linen tester to a small disc of wood or brass to fit the cylinder. If magnifying glass cannot be had, use plain glass and fit them a
s follows: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3706\absh-2731\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33217\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m32e75463.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx749\tx2525{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex117 Front View \tab Side View }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117\tx749\tx2525{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make two rings of brass wire to fit tightly into the cylinder, trace a circle (inside diameter of cylinder) on a piece of cardboard; place cardboard on glass and cut out glass with a glass cutter; break off odd corners with notches on cutters and grind the
 edge of the glass on an ordinary red brick using plenty of water. Place one brass ring in cyl\-inder, then the glass disc and then the other ring. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 For the stand fill a piece of copper piping with melted rosin or lead. When hard bend the pipe around a piece of wood which has been sawed to the shape of bend desired. Then melt out the rosin or lead. Make an incision with a half-round file in the under s
ide of the tube for the wires to come through. Make the base of wood as shown in Fig. 1. One half inch from }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 the top bore a hole large enough to admit the copper pipe and a larger hole up the center to meet it for the wires to come down. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If it is desired to make the light very complete, make the base of two pieces of brass tube--one being a sliding fit in the other and with projecting pieces to prevent the cylinder from going too far. The light may then be elevated or lowered as wished. On
 two ordi\-nary brass terminals twist or solder some flexible wire, but before doing so fix a little bone washer on the screws of the terminal so as to insulate it from the tube. When the wires have been secured to the terminals cover the joint with a piece
 of very thin india rubber tubing, such as is used for cycle valves. The two wires may now be threaded down the copper tube into the base, and pulled tight, the terminals firmly fixed into the tubes; if too small, some glue will secure them. To get the cyl
inder into its carriage, put one trun\-nion into the terminal as far as it will go and this will allow room for the other trunnion to go in its terminal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Electric Alarm that Rings a Bell and Turns on a Light [337]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The illustration shows an alarm clock connected up to ring an electric bell, and at the same time turn on an electric light to show the time. The parts in\-dicated are as follows: A, key of alarm clock; B, contact post, 4 in. long; C, shelf, 5-1/4 by }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111 10 }{\charscalex108 in.
; D, bracket; E, elec\-tric bulb (3-1/2}{\charscalex79  }{\charscalex108 volts) ; S, brass strip, 4-1/2 in. long, 3/8}{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex108 in. wide and }{\charscalex120 1/16 }{\charscalex108 in. thick; T, switch; F, wire from batteries to switch; G, wire from bell to switch; H, wire from light to switch; I, dry batteries; J, bell; X, point whe
re a splice is made from the light to wire leading to batteries from brass strip under clock. Push the switch lever to the right before retiring. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi513\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To operate this, set alarm key as shown in diagram, after two turns have been made on the key. When alarm goes off, it turns till it forms a con\-nection by striking the contact post and starts the electric bell ringing. Throw lever off from the right to ce
nter, which stops bell ringing. To throw on light throw levers to the left. The bell is then cut out but the light remains on till lever is again thrown in the center,  }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In placing clock on shelf, after setting alarm, be sure that the legs of clock are on the brass strip and that the alarm key is in position so it will come in contact with the contact post in back of clock. The contact post may be of 1/4-in. copper tubing,
 or 1/4-in. brass rod. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The advantage of this is that one can control the bell and light, while lying in bed, by having the switch on the baseboard, near the bed, so it can be reached without getting out of bed.\- --Contributed by Geo. C. Brinkerhoff, Swissvale, Pa.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3442\absh-3816\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26305\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7119f0a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Alarm Construction }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Hold a Screw on a Screwdriver [337]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A screw that is taken from a place almost inaccessible with the fingers requires considerable patience to return it with an ordinary screwdriver unless some holding-on device is used. I have found that by putting a piece of card\-board or thick paper with t
he blade of the screwdriver in the screw head slot, the screw may be held and turned into places that it would be impossible with the screwdriver alone. --Contributed by C. Chatland, Ogden, Utah. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Lead Cannon [338]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Any boy who has a little mechanical ability can make a very reliable cannon for his Fourth-of-July celebration by following the instructions given here: }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3355\absh-6614\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert53217\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m47c33d07.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lead Cannon Construction }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Take a stick--a piece of curtain roller will do--7 in. long. Make a shoulder, as at A, Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 1, }{\charscalex108 4 in. from one end, making it as true and smooth as possible, as this is to be the muzzle of the cannon. Make the spindle as in Fig. }{\charscalex119 1, 1/4}{\charscalex58\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. in diameter. Proc
ure a good quality of stiff paper, about 6 in. wide, and wrap it around the shoulder of the stick, letting it extend 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. beyond the end of the spindle, as at B, Fig. }2. {\charscalex108 Push an ordinary shingle nail through the paper and into the extreme end of the spi
ndle, as at A, Fig. }2. {\charscalex108 This is to form the fuse hole. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Having finished this, place stick and all in a pail of sand, being careful not to get the sand in it, and letting the opening at the top extend a little above the surface of the sand. Then fill the paper cylinder with melted lead and let cool. Pull out the
 nail and stick, scrape off the paper and the cannon is ready for mounting, as in Fig. 3. --Con\-tributed by Chas. S. Chapman, Lanes\-boro, Minn.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Electric Bed Warmer [338]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The heat developed by a carbon-fil\-ament lamp is sufficiently high to allow its use as a heating element of, for in\-stance, a bed warmer. There are a number of other small heaters which can be easily made and for which lamps form very suitable heating ele\-
ments, but the bed warmer is probably the best example. All that is required is a tin covering, which can be made of an old can, about 3-1/2 in. in diameter. The top is cut out and the edge filed smooth. The lamp-socket end of the flexible cord is inserted
 in the can and the shade holder gripped over the opening. A small lamp of about 5 cp. will do the heating. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A flannel bag, large enough to slip over the tin can and provided with a neck that can be drawn together by means of a cord, gives the heater a more finished appearance, as well as making it more pleasant to the touch. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Making a Fire with the Aid of Ice [338]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take a piece of very clear ice and melt it down into the hollow of your hands so as to form a large lens. The illustration shows how this is done. With the lens-shaped ice used in the same manner as a reading glass to  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-1421\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28353\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2dbf30c9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Forming the Ice Lens}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 direct the sun's rays on paper or shav\-ings you can start a fire. --Contributed by Arthur E. Joerin. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Crossbow and Arrow Sling [339]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 In making of this crossbow it is }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20best {\charscalex108 to use maple for the stock, but if this wood cannot be procured, good straight-grained pine will do. The material must be 1-1/2 in. thick, 6 in. wide and a trifle over 3 ft. long. The bow is made from straight-grained 
oak, ash, or hickory, 5/8}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, 1 in. wide and 3 ft. long. A piece of oak, 3/8}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, 1-1/2 in. wide and 6 ft. long, will be sufficient to make the trigger, spring and arrows. A piece of tin, some nails and a good cord will complete the materials 
necessary to make the cross\-bow. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The piece of maple or pine selected for the stock must be planed and sand\-papered on both sides, and then marked and cut as shown in Fig. 1. A groove is cut for the arrows in the top straight edge 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. wide and 3/8}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. deep. The tin is bent and fastened
 on the wood at the back end of the groove where the cord slips out of the notch; this is to keep the edges from splitting. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7570\absh-4925\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20033\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m42af8b0d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Bow-Gun and Arrow Sling }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A mortise is cut for the bow at a point 9-1/2 in. from the end of the stock, and one for the trigger }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs2012 {\charscalex108 in. from the opposite end, which should be slanting a little as shown by the dotted lines. A spring, Fig. 2, is made from a good piece of oak and fasten
ed to the stock with two screws. The trigger, Fig. 3, which is 1/4} {\charscalex108 in. thick, is inserted in the mortise in the position when pulled back, and adjusted so as to raise the spring to the proper height, and then a pin is put through both stock and trigger, ha
ving the latter swing quite freely. When the trigger is pulled, it lifts the spring up, which in turn lifts the cord off the tin notch. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The stick for the bow, Fig. 4, is dressed down from a point 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. on each side of the center line to 1/2}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. wide at each end. Notches are cut in the ends for the cord. The bow is not fastened in the stock, it is wrapped with a piece of canvas 1-1/2 in. 
wide on the center line to make a tight fit in the mortise. A stout cord is now tied in the notches cut in the ends of the bow making the cord taut when the wood is straight. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The design of the arrows is shown in Fig. 5 and they are made with the }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 blades much thinner than the round part. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To shoot the crossbow, pull the cord back and down in the notch as shown in Fig. 6, place the arrow in the groove, sight and pull the trigger as in shoot\-ing an ordinary gun. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The arrow sling is made from a branch of ash about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex109 in. in diameter, the bark removed and a notch cut in one end, as shown in Fig. 7. A stout cord about 2-1/2 ft. long is tied in the notch and a large knot made in the other or loose end. The arrows are 
practically the same as those used on the crossbow, with the exception of a small notch which is cut in them as shown in Fig. 8. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To throw the arrow, insert the cord near the knot in the notch of the arrow, then grasping the stick with the right hand and holding the wing of the arrow with the left, as shown in Fig. 9, throw the arrow with a quick slinging motion. The arrow may be thr
own several hundred feet after a little practice.\- --Contributed by O. E. Trownes, Wil\-mette, Ill. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Vise [340]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut two pieces of wood in the shape shown in the sketch and bore a 3/8-in. hole through both of them for a com\-mon carriage bolt. Fasten one of the pieces to the edge of the bench with a large wood screw and attach the other piece to the first one with a p
iece of leather nailed across the bottom of both pieces. The nut on the carriage bolt may be tightened with a wrench, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-2774\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert60417\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_dc239ee.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of a Home-Made Bench Vise }
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 or, better still, a key filed out of a piece of soft steel to fit the nut. The edges of the jaws are faced with sheet metal which can be copper or steel suitable for the work it is intended to hold. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Temporary Dark Room Lantern [340]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Occasionally through some accident to the regular ruby lamp, or through the necessity of, developing while out of reach of a properly equipped dark room, some makeshift of illumination must be improvised. Such a temporary safe light may be made from an emp
ty cigar box in a short time. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1997\absh-2376\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert63617\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3caa027d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove the bottom of the box, and nail it in position as shown at A. Re\-move one end, and replace as shown at B. Drive a short wire nail through the center of the op\-posite end to serve as a seat for the candle, C. The lamp is finished by tacking two or mo
re layers of yellow post-office paper over the aperture D, bringing the paper well around to the sides and bottom of the box to prevent light leakage from the cracks around the edges, says Photo Era. The hinged cover E, is used as a door, making lighting a
nd trimming convenient. The door may be fastened with a nail or piece of wire. It is well to reinforce the hinge by gluing on a strip of cloth if the lamp is to be in use more than once or twice. This lamp is safe, for the projecting edges of A and B form 
light-shields for the ventilation orifice and the crack at the top of the hinged cover, respectively. Moreover, since the flame of the candle is above A, only reflected and transmitted light reaches the plate, while the danger of igniting the paper is redu
ced to a minimum. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Runny Paint [340]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The paint will sag and run if too much oil is put in white lead. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Camps and How to Build Them [341]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There are several ways of building a temporary camp from material that is always to be found in the woods, and whether these improvised shelters are intended to last until a permanent camp is built, or only as a camp on a short excursion, a great deal of f
un can be had in their construction. The Indian camp is the easiest to make. An evergreen tree with branches growing well down toward the ground fur\-nishes all the material. By chopping the trunk almost through, so that when the tree falls the upper part w
ill still remain attached to the stump, a serv\-iceable shelter can be quickly provided. The cut should be about 5 ft. from the ground. Then the boughs and branches on the under side of the fallen top are chopped away and piled on top. There is room for sev
eral persons under this sort of shelter, which offers fairly good protection against any but the most drenching rains. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Indian wigwam sheds rain bet\-ter, and where there are no suitable trees that can be cut, it is the easiest camp to make. Three long poles with the tops tied together and the lower ends spaced 8 or 10 ft. apart, make the frame of the wigwam. Branches an
d brush can easily be piled up, and woven in and out on these poles so as to shed a very heavy rain. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The brush camp is shaped like an ordinary "A" tent. The ridge pole should be about 8 ft. long and sup\-ported by crotched uprights about 6 ft. from the ground. Often the ridge pole can be laid from one small tree to another. Avoid tall trees on account of l
ightning. Eight or ten long poles are then laid slanting against the ridge pole on each side. Cedar or hemlock boughs make the best thatch for the brush camp. They should be piled up to a thickness of a foot or more over the slanting poles and woven in and
 out to keep them from slipping. Then a number of poles should be laid over them to prevent them from blowing away. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In woods where there is plenty of  bark available in large slabs, the bark lean-to is a quickly constructed and serviceable camp. The ridge pole is set up like that of the brush camp. Three or four other poles are laid slanting to the ground on one side on
ly. The ends of these poles should be pushed into the earth and fastened with crotched sticks. Long poles are then laid crossways of these slanting poles, and the whole can be covered with brush as in the case of the brush camp or with strips of bark laid 
over\-lapping each other like shingles. Where bark is used, nails are neces\-sary to hold it in place. Bark may also be used for a wigwam and it can be held in place by a cord wrapped tightly around the whole structure, running spiral-wise from the ground to
 the peak. In the early summer, the bark can easily be removed from most trees by making two circular cuts around the trunk and joining them with another vertical cut. The bark is easily pried off with an ax, and if laid on the ground under heavy stones, w
ill dry flat. Sheets of bark, 6 ft. long and 2 or 3 ft. wide, are a convenient size for camp construction. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The small boughs and twigs of hemlock, spruce, and cedar, piled 2 or 3 ft. deep and covered with blankets, make the best kind of a camp bed. For a permanent camp, a bunk can be made by laying small poles close to\-gether across two larger poles on a rude fr
amework easily constructed. Evergreen twigs or dried leaves are piled on this, and a blanket or a piece of canvas stretched across and fast\-ened down to the poles at the sides. A bed like this is soft and springy and will last through an ordinary camping s
eason without renewal. A portable cot that does not take up much room in the camp outfit is made of a piece of heavy canvas 40 in. wide and 6 ft. long. Four-inch hems are sewed in each side of the canvas, and when the camp is pitched, a 2-in. pole is run t
hrough each hem and the ends of the pole supported on crotched sticks. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Fresh water close at hand and shade for the middle of the day are two points that should always be looked for in. selecting a site for a camp. If the camp is to be occupied for any length of time, useful imple\-ments for many purposes can be made out of suc
h material as the woods af\-ford. The simplest way to build a crane for hanging kettles over the campfire is to drive two posts into the ground, each of them a foot or more from one end of the fire space, and split the tops with an ax, so that a pole laid f
rom one to the other across the fire will be securely held in the split. Tongs are very useful in camp. A piece of elm or hickory, 3 ft. long and 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, makes a good pair of tongs. For a foot in the middle of the stick, cut half of the thickness 
away and hold this part over the fire until it can be bent easily to bring the two ends together, then fasten a crosspiece to hold the ends close together, shape the ends so that anything that drops into the fire can be seized by them, and a serviceable pa
ir of tongs is the result. Any sort of a stick that is easily handled will serve as a poker. Hemlock twigs tied around one end of a stick make an excellent broom. Movable seats for a permanent camp are easily made by splitting a log, boring holes in the ro
unded side of the slab and driving pegs into them to serve as legs. A short slab or plank can easily be made into a three-legged stool in the same way. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7685\absh-11414\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51617\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_34453790.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Campers usually have boxes in which their provisions have been car\-ried. Such a packing box is easily made into a cupboard, and it is not difficult to improvise shelves, hinges, or even a rough lock for the camp larder. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good way to make a camp table is to set four posts into the ground and nail crosspieces to support slabs cut from chopped wood logs to form a top. Pieces can be nailed onto the legs of the table to hold other slabs to serve as seats, and affording accom\-
modation for several persons. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Brooder for Small Chicks [343]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very simple brooder can be constructed by cutting a sugar barrel in half and using one part in the manner }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3418\absh-2597\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m39e23ec9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Brooder for Young Chicks Kept Warm with a Jug of Boiling Water }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 described. Line the inside of the half  barrel with paper and then cover this with old flannel cloth. Make a cover for the top and line it in the same man\-ner. At the bottom cut a hole in the edge, about 4 in. deep and 4 in. wide, and provide a cover or do
or. The inside is kept warm by filling a jug with boiling water and setting it with\-in, changing the water both morning and night. When the temperature outside is 10 deg. the interior can, be kept at 90 or 100 deg., but the jug must be refilled with boilin
g water at least twice a day. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Faucet Used as an Emergency Plug [343]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A brass faucet split as shown at A during a cold spell, and as no suitable plug to screw into the elbow after re\-moving the faucet was at hand, I drove a small cork, B, into the end of the faucet and screwed it back in place. The cork converted the faucet 
into an }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3638\absh-1430\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert44385\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2df94763.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Tight-Fitting Cork Driven into a Cracked Faucet Converted It into an Emergency Plug }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 emergency plug which prevented leak\-age until the proper fitting to take its place could be secured. --Contributed by James M. Kane, Doylestown, Pa. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Automatic Electric Heat Regulator [344]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is composed of a closed glass tube, A, Fig. 1, connected by means of a very small lead pipe, B, to another }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-2707\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29281\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_631c9905.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 glass tube, C, open at the bottom and having five pieces of platinum wire (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), which project inside and outside of the tube, fused into one side. This tube is plunged into an ebonite vessel of somewhat larger diameter, which is fastened to t
he base by a copper screw, E. The tube C is filled to a certain height with mercury and then petroleum. The outer ends of the five platinum wires are soldered to ordinary copper wires and connec\-tions made to various points on a rheostat as shown. The diag
ram, Fig. 2, shows how the connections to the supply current are made. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The apparatus operates as follows:  The tube is immersed in the matter to be heated, a liquid, for instance. As }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-2352\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert58881\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_13a4c403.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wiring Diagram Showing How the Connections to a Source of Current Supply are Made }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the temperature of this rises, the air expands and exerts pressure on the petroleum in the tube C so that the level of the mercury is lowered. The current is thus compelled, as the platinum wires with the fall of the mercury are brought out of circuit, to 
pass through an increasing resistance, until, if necessary, the flow is entirely stopped when the mercury falls below the wire 5. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With this very simple apparatus the temperature can be kept constant within a 10-deg. limit, and it can be made much more sensitive by increas\-ing the number of platinum wires and placing them closer together, and by filling the tube A with some very volat
ile substance, such as ether, for instance. The petroleum above the mercury prevents sparking between the platinum wire and the mercury when the latter falls below anyone of them. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Repairing a Washer on a Flush Valve [344]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 When the rubber washer on the cop\-per flush valve of a soil-basin tank be\-comes loose it can be set by pouring a small}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 quantity of paraffin between the rubber and the cop\-per while the valve is inverted, care be\-ing taken to have the rubber ring cen\-}{\charscalex130 tered.
 }{\charscalex108 This makes }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1598\absh-1862\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51489\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m33676fb2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 a repair that will not allow a drop of water to leak out of the tank. --Con\-tributed by Frank Jermin, Alpena, Michigan.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\charscalex108\fs20{\b Cleaning Discolored Silver [344] }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\charscalex108\fs20\fs20 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very quick way to clean silver when it is not tarnished, but merely discolored, is to wash the articles in a weak solution of ammonia water. This removes the black stains caused by sul\-phur in the air. After cleaning them with the solution, they should b
e washed and polished in magnesia pow\-der or with a cloth. This method works well on silver spoons tarnished by eggs and can be used every day while other methods require much time and, therefore, cannot be used so often. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex106\b How to Make a Small Electric Motor [345] }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20By W. A. ROBERTSON}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The field frame of the motor, Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111 1, }{\charscalex107 is composed of wrought sheet iron, which may be of any thickness so that, when several pieces are placed together, they will make a frame 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. thick. It is necessary to layout a template of the frame as shown, mak\-i
ng it 1/16 in. larger than the dimensions given, to allow for filing to shape after the parts are fastened together. After the template is marked out, drill the four rivet holes, clamp the template, or pattern, to the sheet iron and mark carefully with a s
criber. The bore can be marked with a pair of dividers, set at 1/8 in. This will mark a line for the center of the holes to be drilled with a 1/4-in. drill for removing the unneces\-sary metal. The points formed by drilling the holes can be filed to the pat
\-tern size. Be sure to mark and cut out a sufficient number of plates to make a frame 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. thick, or even 1/16}{\charscalex86  }{\charscalex107 in. thicker, to allow for finishing. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 After the plates are cut out and the rivet holes drilled, assemble and rivet them solidly, then bore it out to a diam\-eter of 2-3/4 in. on a lathe. If the thick\-ness is sufficient, a slight finishing cut can be taken on the face. Before removing the field 
from the lathe, mark off a space, 3-3/8 in. in diameter, for the field core with a sharp-pointed tool, and for the outside of the frame, 4-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex75\i  }{\charscalex107 in. in diameter, by turning the lathe with the hand. Then the field can be finished to these marks, which will ma
ke it uniform in size. When the frame is finished so far, two holes, 3-3/8 in. between centers, are drilled and tapped with a 3/8-in. tap. These holes are for the bearing studs. Two holes are also drilled and tapped for 1/4-in. screws, which fasten the hol
ding-down lugs or feet to the frame. These lugs are made of a piece of 1/8-in. brass or iron, bent at right angles as shown. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bearing studs are now made, as shown in Fig. 2, and turned into the threaded holes in the frame. The bear\-ing supports are made of two pieces of  1/8-in. brass, as shown in the left-hand sketch, Fig. 3, which are fitted on the studs in the frame. A 5/8
-in. hole is }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-3437\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert13665\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m277841bf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Field-Coil Core is Built Up of Laminated Wrought Iron Riveted Together }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 drilled in the center of each of these supports, into which a piece of 5/8-in. brass rod is inserted, soldered into place, and drilled to receive the arma\-ture shaft. These bearings should be fitted and soldered in place after the armature is constructed. 
The manner of doing this is to wrap a piece of paper on the outside of the finished armature ring and place it through the opening in the field, then slip the bearings on the ends of the shaft. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-1354\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64033\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m145786bb.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Bearing Studs are Turned from Machine Steel }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two of Each Length being Required }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the holes in the bearing support should be out of line, file them out to make the proper adjustment. When the bearings are located, solder them to the supports, and build up the solder well. Remove }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the paper from the armature ring and see that the armature revolves freely in the bearings without touching the inside of the field at any point. The supports are then removed and the solder turned up in a lathe, or other\-wise finished. The shaft of the ar
mature, Fig. 4, is turned up from machine steel, leaving the finish of the bearings until the armature is completed and fastened to the shaft. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The armature core is made up as  }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3571\absh-3192\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert65121\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7557fdf3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Assembled Bearing Frame on the Field Core and the Armature Shaft Made of Machine Steel }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 follows: Two pieces of wrought sheet iron, 1/8 in. thick, are cut out a little larger than called for by the dimen\-sions given in Fig. 5, to allow for finishing to size. These are used for the outside plates and enough pieces of No. 24 gauge sheet iron to 
fill up the part between until the whole is over 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. thick are cut like the pattern. After the pieces are cut out, clamp them together and drill six 1/8-in. holes through them for rivets. Rivet them together, and anneal the whole piece by placing it in
 a fire and heating the metal to a cherry red, then allowing it to cool in the ashes. When annealed, bore out the inside to 1-11/16} {\charscalex107 in. in diam\-eter and fit in a brass spider, which is made as follows: Procure a piece of brass, 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. thick, and turn it u
p to the size shown and file out the metal between the arms. Slip the spider on the armature shaft and secure it solidly with the setscrew so that the shaft will not turn in the spider when truing up the armature core. File grooves or slots in the armature
 ring so that it will fit on the arms of the spider. Be sure to have the inside of the armature core run true. When this is accom\-plished, solder the arms of the spider to the metal of the armature core. The shaft with the core is then put in a lathe and t
he outside turned off to the}{\charscalex79\b\f4  }{\charscalex107 proper size. The sides are also faced off and finished. Make the core 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. thick. Remove the core from the lathe and file out slots 1/4} {\charscalex107 in. deep and 7/16}{\charscalex76  }{\charscalex107 in. wide. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The commutator is turned from a piece of brass pipe, 3/4 in. inside diam\-eter, as shown in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs206; {\charscalex107 The piece is placed on a mandrel and turned to 3/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. in length and both ends chamfered to an angle of 60 deg. Divide the sur\-face into 12 equal parts, or s
egments. Find the centers of each segment at one end, then drill a 1/8-in. hole and tap it for a pin. The pins are made of brass, threaded, turned into place and the ends turned in a lathe to an outside diameter of 1-1/4}{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. Make a slit with a small saw bl
ade in the end of each pin for the ends of the wires coming from the commutator coils. Saw the ring into the 12 parts on the lines between the pins. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The two insulating ends for holding these segments are made of fiber turned to fit the bore of the brass tubing, as shown in Fig. 7. Procure 12 strips of mica, the same thickness as the width of the saw cut made between the segments, and use them as a fill
er and insulation between the commutator  bars. Place them on the fiber hub and slip the hub on the shaft, then clamp the whole in place with the nut, as shown in Fig. 3. True up the com\-mutator in a lathe to the size given in }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex112 Fig. 6. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3610\absh-2986\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_43046d5a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Armature-Ring Core, Its Hub and the Construction of the Commutator and Its Insulation }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The brush holder is shaped from apiece of fiber, as shown in Fig. 8. The studs for holding the brushes are cut from 5/16-in. brass rod, as shown in Fig. 9. The brushes consist of brass or cop\-per wire gauze, rolled up and flattened out to 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex63\i  }{\charscalex107 in. thick and
 1/4}{\charscalex77\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. wide, one end being soldered to keep the wires in place. The holder is slipped on the projecting outside end of the bearing, as shown m Fig. 3, and held with a setscrew. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The field core is insulated before winding with 1/64-in. sheet fiber, wash\-ers, 1-1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex73\i  }{\charscalex107 in. by 1-1/2 in., being formed for the ends, with a hole cut in them to fit over the insulation placed on the cores. A slit is cut through from the hole to the outside, a
nd then they are soaked in warm water, until they become flexible enough to be put in place. After they have dried, they are glued to the core insulation. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The field is wound with No. 18 gauge double-cotton-covered magnet wire, about 100 ft. being required. Drill a small hole through each of the lower end insulating washers. In starting to wind, insert the end of the wire through the hole from the inside at A
 Fig. 1, and wind on four layers, which will take 50 ft. of the wire, and bring }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi81\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the end of the wire out at B. After one coil, or side, is wound start at C in the same manner as at A, using the same number of turns and the same length of wire. The two ends are joined at B. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The armature ring is insulated by covering the inside and brass spider with 1/16-in. sheet fiber. Two rings of  1/16-in sheet fiber are cut and glued to the sides of the ring. When the glue is set, cut out the part within the slot ends and make 12 channel 
pieces from 1/64-in. sheet fiber, which are glued in the slots and to the fiber washers. Be sure to have the ring and spider covered so the wire will not touch the iron or brass. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Each slot of the armature is wound with about 12 ft. of No. 21 gauge double-cotton-covered magnet wire. The winding is started at A, Fig. 5, by bending the end around one of the pro\-jections, then wind the coil in one of  the slots as shown, making 40 turn
s or four layers of 10 turns each shellack\-ing each layer as it is wound. After the coil is completed in one slot allow about 2 in. of the end to protrude, to }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1\tqr\tx1992{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\fs20{\f4  }}{\fs20\fs20{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3974\absh-2131\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6f009158.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1\tqr\tx1992{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex125 The Insulated Brush Holder and Its Studs for Holding }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex118 the Brushes on the Commutator }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 fasten to the commutator segment. Wind the next slot with the same num\-ber of turns in the same manner and so on, until the 12 slots are filled. The protruding ends of the coils are con\-nected to the pins in the commutator segments after the starting end o
f one coils is joined to the finishing end of the next adjacent. All connections should be securely soldered. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The whole motor is fastened with screws to a wood base, 8 in. long, 6 in. wide and 1 in. thick. Two terminals are fastened at one side on the base and a switch at the other side.}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To connect the wires, after the motor is on the stand, the two ends of the wire, shown at B, Fig. 1, are soldered together. Run one end of the field wire, shown at A, through a small hole in the base and make a groove on the under side so that the wire end
 can be connected to one of the terminals The other end of the field wire C is connected to the brass screw in the brass brush stud. Connect a wire from the other brush stud, run it through a small hole in the base and cut a groove for it on the under side
 so that it can be connected through the switch and the other terminal. This winding is for a series motor. The source of current is connected to the terminals. The motor can be run on a 110-volt direct current, but a resistance must be placed in series wi
th it. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Protecting Tinware [347]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 New tinware rubbed over with fresh lard and heated will never rust. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Another Optical Illusion [348]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After taking a look at the accompany\-ing illustration you will be positive that the cords shown run in a spiral toward the center, yet it shows a series of  }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-3926\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33793\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m199653be.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Cord Is Not a Spiral }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 perfect circles of cords placed one inside the other. You can test this for your\-self in a moment with a pair of com\-passes, or, still more simply, by laying a point of a pencil on any part of the cord and following it round. Instead of approaching or rece
ding from the center in a continuous line, as in the case of a spiral, you will find the pencil returning to the point from which it started. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Substitute for Insulating Cleats [348]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In wiring up door bells, alarms and telephones as well as experimental }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1906\absh-821\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28961\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2db8107e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 work the use of common felt gun wads make a very good cleat for the wires. They are used in the manner illustrated in the accompanying sketch. The insulated wire is placed between two wads and fastened with two nails or screws. If one wad on the back is no
t thick enough to keep the wire away from the support, put on two wads behind and one in front of the wire and fasten in the same manner as described. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex109 Electrically Operated Indicator for a}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex109 Wind Vane [348]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi172\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying photograph shows a wind vane connected with electric wires to an instrument at considerable distance which indicates by means of a magnetic needle the direction of the wind. The bearings of the vane consist of the head of a wornout bicycle
. A 1/2-in. iron pipe extends from the vane and is held in place by the clamp originally used to secure the handle bar of the bicycle. In place of the forks is attached an eight-cylinder gas engine timer which is slightly altered in such a manner that the 
brush is at all times in contact, and when pointing between two contacts con\-nects them both. Nine wires run from the timer, one from each of the eight contacts, and one, which serves as the ground wire, is fastened to the metallic body. The timer is set a
t such a posi\-tion that when the vane points directly north, the brush of the timer makes a connection in the middle of a contact. When the timer is held in this position the brush will make connections with each of the contacts as the vane revolves. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The indicating device which is placed in a convenient place in the house con\-sists of }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3309\absh-7197\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m532e80da.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Wind Vane, Magnets and Indicator }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 eight 4-ohm magnets fastened upon a l-in. board. These magnets are placed in a 10-in. circle, 45 deg. apart and with their faces pointing toward the center. Covering these is a thin, wood board upon which is fastened a neatly drawn dial resembling a mari\-n
er's compass card. This is placed over the magnets in such a manner that there will be a magnet under each of the eight principal points marked on the dial. Over this dial is a magnetic needle or pointer, 6 in. long, perfectly balanced on the end of a stan
dard and above all is placed a cover having a glass top. The eight wires from the timer contacts connect with the out\-side wires of the eight magnets sepa\-rately and the inside wires from the magnets connect with the metal brace which holds the magnets in 
place. A wire is then connected from the metal }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 brace to a push button, two or three cells of dry battery and to the ground wire in connec\-tion with the timer The wires are con\-nected in such a man\-ner that when the vane is pointing in a certain direction t
he battery will be connected in series with the coil under that part of the dial representing the direction in which the vane is pointing, thus magnetizing the core of the magnet which attracts the opposite pole of the needle to\-ward the face of the magnet
 and indicating the way the wind is blowing. The pointer end of the needle is painted black. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 If the vane points in such a direction that the timer brush con\-nects two contacts, two magnets will be mag\-netized and the needle will point midway between the two lines represented on the dial, thus giving 16 differ\-ent directions. Around the pointer end
 of the needle is wound a fine copper wire, one end of which extends down to about 1/32}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex136\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. of the dial. This wire holds the needle in place when the pointer end is di\-rectly over the magnet attracting it; the mag\-net causing the needle to "dip" will bring
 the wire in contact with the paper dial. With\-out this attachment, the needle would swing a few seconds before coming to a}{\charscalex127  }{\charscalex108 standstill.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The vane itself is easily constructed as can be seen in the illustration. It should be about 6 ft. long to give the best results. The magnets used can be purchased from any electrical store in pairs which are called "instrument magnets." Any automobile gar
age can supply the timer and an old valueless bicycle frame is not hard to find. The cover is easily made from a picture frame with four small boards arranged to take the place of the picture as shown. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The outfit is valuable to a person who is situated where a vane could not be placed so as to be seen from a window and especially at night when it is hard to determine the direction of the wind. By simply pressing the push button on the side of the cover, 
the needle will instantly point to the part of the dial from which the wind is blowing. --Contributed by James L. Blackmer, Buffalo, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Floor Polisher [350]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 An inexpensive floor polisher can be made as follows: Secure a wooden box with a base 8 by 12 in. and about 6 in. high, also a piece of new carpet, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 14 }{\charscalex107 by }{\charscalex113 18 }{\charscalex107 in. Cut 3-in. squares out of the four corners of the carpet and place the box squarely on it. Turn 
three of the flaps of the carpet up and tack them securely to the sides of the box. Before tacking the fourth side,  fold a couple of newspapers to the right size and shove them in between the carpet and the bottom of the box for a cushion. Fill the box wi
th any handy ballast, making it heavy or light, according to who is going to use it, and securely nail on the top of the box. The handle can be made from an old broom handle the whole of which will be none too long. Drive a heavy screw eye into the big end
 of the handle and fasten to the polisher by a staple driven through the eye into the center of the cover, thus making a universal joint. The size of the box given here is the best although any size near that, if not too high, will answer the pur\-pose just
 as well. The box is pushed or pulled over the floor and the padded side will produce a fine polish. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Lady's Card-Case [350]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A card-case such as is shown here makes a very appropriate present for any lady. To make it, secure a piece of "ooze" calf skin leather 4-1/2 by 10-1/2 in. The one shown in the accompany\-ing picture was made of a rich tan ooze of light weight and was lined
 with a grey-green goat skin. The design was stenciled and the open parts backed with a green silk plush having a rather heavy nap. The lining of goat skin need not cover more than the central part-not the flies. A piece 4-1/2 by 5 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 in. will be sufficient. 
A piece of plush 1-1/4 by 6 in. will be enough for the two sides. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Begin work by shaping the larger piece of leather as shown in the draw\-ing. Allow a little margin at the top and bottom, however, to permit trim\-ming the edges slightly after the parts have been sewed together. A knife or a pair of scissors will do to cut 
the leather with, though a special knife, called a chip carving knife, is most satisfactory. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The next thing is to put in the marks for the outline of the designs and the borders. A tool having a point shaped as in the illustration is commonly used. It is called a modeling tool for leather and may be purchased, or, one can be made from an ordinary 
nut pick by taking off the sharpness with fine emery paper so that it will not cut the leather. To work these outlines, first moisten the leather on the back with as much water as it will take and still not show through on the face side. Place the leather 
on some level, non\-absorbent surface and with the tool--\-and a straightedge on the straight lines--indent the leather as shown. The easiest way is to place the paper pattern on the leather and mark on the paper. The indentations will be trans\-ferred withou
t the necessity of putting any lines on the leather. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7589\absh-3619\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1729\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m669e7523.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Design for the Cover of Lady's Card-Case }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With the knife cut out the stencils as shown. Paste the silk plush to the inner side, being careful not to get any of the paste so far out that it will show. A good leather paste will be required. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-2045\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59809\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_90e1c66.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Leather Tools }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2763\absh-5473\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56321\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3929d301.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Complete Card Case}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Next place the lining, fold the flies along the lines indicated in the draw\-ing. Hold the parts together and stitch them on a sewing-machine. An ordinary sewing-machine will do if a good stout needle is used. A silk thread that will match the leather shoul
d be used. Keep the ooze side of the lining }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 out so that it will show, rather than the smooth side. With the knife and straightedge trim off the surplus ma\-terial at the top and bottom and the book is ready for use. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Fire Extinguisher [351]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dissolve 20 lb. of common salt and 10 lb. of sal ammoniac in 7 gal. of water, and put the solution in thin glass bottles, cork tightly and seal to prevent evaporation. The bottles should hold about 1 qt. If a fire breaks out, throw one of the bottles in or
 near the flames, or break off the neck and scatter the contents on the fire. It may be necessary to use several bot\-tles to quench the flames. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Crutch Made of an Old Broom [352]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An emergency crutch made of a worn-out broom is an excellent substi\-tute for a wood crutch, especially when one or more crutches are needed for a short time, as in cases of a sprained ankle, temporary lameness, or a hip that has been wrenched. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shorten and hollow out the brush of the broom and then pad the hollow part with cotton bat\-ting, covering it with a piece of cloth sewed in place. Such a crutch does not heat the arm pit and there is an elasticity about it not to be had in the wooden crutc
h. The crutch can be made to fit either child or adult and owing to its cheapness, can be thrown away when no longer needed. --Con\-tributed by Katharine D. Morse, Syra\-cuse, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1843\absh-2400\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert6049\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_101abcef.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Toy Darts and Parachutes [352]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 A dart (Fig. 1}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107\f4 ) }{\charscalex109 is made of a cork having a tin cap, a needle and some feathers. The needle is run through the center of the cork A and a pin or piece of steel is put through the eye of the needle. Take a quantity of small }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3086\absh-2309\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10081\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m212567c4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dart Parts and Paper Parachute }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 feathers, B, and tie them together se\-curely at the bottom. Bore a hole in the center of the cap C, and fasten the feathers inside of it. Fasten the cap on the cork and the dart is ready for use. When throwing the dart at a target stand from 6 to 10 ft. aw
ay from it. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The parachute is made by cutting a piece of paper 15 in. square and tying a piece of string to each corner. The strings should be about 15 in. long. Tie all four strings together in a knot at the end and fasten them in the top of a cork with a small tack. 
It is best to be as high as possible when flying the parachute as the air currents will sail it high and fast. Take hold of the para\-chute by the cork and run it through the air with the wind, letting it go at arm's length. --Contributed by  J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex109 Gor\-don Dem
psey, Paterson, N.J.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex92{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Tool for Lifting Can Covers [352]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A handy tool for prying up varnish paint, syrup and similar can covers car be made from an old fork filed down }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-821\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28961\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_781532ef.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Made of an Old Fork }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 to the shape shown in the illustration. The end is filed to an edge, but not sharp. --Contributed by Ben Grebin, Ashland, Wis. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Keeping Rats from a Chicken Coop [352]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After trying for months to keep the rats from tunneling their way into my chicken coop by filling in the holes, laying poisoned meat and meal, setting traps, etc., I devised a simple and ef\-fective method to prevent them from doing harm. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 My roosting coop is }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs205 {\charscalex109 by }15 {\charscalex109 ft. There is a 1-in. board all around the bottom on the inside. I used wire mesh having 1/2-in. openings and formed it into the shape of a large tray with edges 6 in. high, the corners being wired, and tacked it to the boards. T
his not only keeps the rats out, but prevents the chickens from digging holes, thus help\-ing the rats to enter. --Contributed by John A. Hellwig, Albany, N. Y. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Telephone Receiver [353]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The receiver illustrated herewith is to be used in connection with the transmitter described elsewhere in this volume. The body of the receiver, A, is made of a large wooden ribbon spool. One end is re\-moved entirely, the other sawed in two on the line C a
nd a flange, F, is cut on the wood, 1/8 in. wide and 1/16 in. deep}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20. A {\charscalex106 flange the same size is made on the end D that was sawed off, and the outside part tapered toward the hole as shown. The magnet is made of a 30-penny nail, B, cut to the length of the sp
ool, and a coil of wire, E, wound on the head end. The coil is 1 in. long, made up of four layers of No. 22 gauge copper magnet wire, allowing the ends to ex\-tend out about 6 in. The nail with the coil is then put into the hole of the spool as shown. The d
iaphragm C, which is the essential part of the in\-strument, should be made as carefully as possible from ferrotype tin, com\-monly called tintype tin. The dia\-phragm is placed between the flanges on the spool and the end D that was sawed off. The end piece 
and dia\-phragm are both fastened to the spool with two or three slender wood screws, as shown. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A small wooden or fiber end, G, is fitted with two binding posts which are connected to the ends of the wire left projecting from the magnet wind\-ing. The binding posts are attached to the line and a trial given. The proper distance must be found between t
he diaphragm and the head of the nail. This can be accomplished by moving the nail and magnet in the hole of the spool. When the distance to produce the right sound is found, the nail and magnet can be made fast by filling the open space with melted sealin
g wax. The end G is now fastened to the end of the spool, and the receiver is ready for use. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1805\absh-3917\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert11073\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m314936ea.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Clean Jewelry [353]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To cleanse articles of silver, gold, bronze and brass use a saturated solu\-tion of cyanide of potassium. To clean small articles, dip each one into the solution and rinse immediately in hot water; then dry and polish with a linen cloth. Larger articles are
 cleaned by rubbing the surface with a small tuft of cotton saturated in the solution. As cyanide of potassium is a deadly poison, care must be taken not to have it touch any sore spot on the flesh. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Ornamental Iron Flower Stand [353]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The illustration shows an orna\-mental iron stand constructed to hold a glass or china vase. This stand can be made by first drawing an outline of the vase on a heavy piece of paper. The vase is to have three supports. The shape of the scrolls forming each 
support should be drawn on the paper }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3682\absh-3029\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34497\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2c6ccb76.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Stand with Vase }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 around the shape of the vase. A single line will be sufficient, but care must be taken to get the shapes of the scrolls true. Take a piece of string or, better still, a piece of small wire, and pass it around the scroll shape on the paper. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 This will give t
he exact length of the iron required to make the scroll. As sheet metal is used for making the scrolls, it can be cut in the right lengths with a pair of tinner's shears. Take a pair of round-nose pliers, begin with the smallest scrolls, and bend each stri
p in shape, using the flat-nose pliers when necessary to keep the iron straight, placing it on the sketch from time to time to see that the scrolls are kept to the shape required. The scrolls are riveted and bolted together. The supports are fastened toget
her with rings of strip iron 3/8}{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex108 in. wide, to which the supports are fastened with rivets. The metal can be covered with any de\-sired color of enamel paint. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Coin Purse [354]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The dimensions for a leather coin purse are as follows: from A to B, as shown in the sketch, 6-3/8 in.; from C to D, 4-1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex71  }{\charscalex108 in.; from E to F, 3-1/2 in. and }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3662\absh-5194\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39937\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_718783ff.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Leather Design for a Purse }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 from G to H, 3-1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex83  }{\charscalex108 in. Russian calf modeling leather is the material used. A shade of brown is best as it does not soil easily, and does not require color\-ing. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut out the leather to the size of the pattern, then moisten the surface on the rough side with a sponge soaked in water. Be careful not to moisten the leather too much or the water will go through to the smooth side. Have the design drawn or traced on the
 pattern. Then lay the pattern on the smooth side of the leather and trace over the design with the small end of the leather tool or a hard, sharp pencil. Trace also the line around the purse. Dampen the leather as often as is necessary to keep it properly
 moistened. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After taking off the pattern, retrace the design directly on the leather to make it more distinct, using a duller point of the tool. Press or model down the leather all around the de\-sign, making it as smooth as possible with the round side of the tool. Wo
rk down the outside line of the design, thus raising it. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Fold the leather on the line EF. Cut another piece of leather the size of the side ECBD of the purse, and after put\-ting the wrong sides of the leather to\-gether, stitch around the edge as designated by the letters above men\-tioned. Do not make this piece 
come quite up to the line EF, so that the coins may be more easily put in and taken out. About 1 in. from the lines EF on the piece, stitch in a strip of leather about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex62  }{\charscalex108 in. wide when stitch\-ing up the purse, through which to slip the fly AGH. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Window Anti-Frost Solution [354]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A window glass may be kept from frosting by rubbing over the inner sur\-face a solution of 55 parts of glycerine and 1,000 parts of 60 per cent alcohol. The odor may be improved by adding a little oil of amber. This solution will also prevent a glass from s
weating in warm weather. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Turbine Engine [355]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the following article is described a machine which anyone can make, and which will be very interesting, as well as useful. It can be made without the use of a lathe, or other tools usu\-ally out of reach of the amateur me\-chanic. It is neat and efficient
, and a model for speed and power. Babbitt metal is the material used in its con\-struction, being cast in wooden molds. The casing for the wheel is cast in halves--a fact which must be kept in mind. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 First, procure a planed pine board 1 by 12 in. by 12 ft. long. Cut off six }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3067\absh-3749\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5d7d8308.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 pieces 12 in. square, and, with a com\-pass saw, cut out one piece as shown in Fig. 1, following the dotted lines, leaving the lug a, and the projections B and b to be cut out with a pocket knife. Make the lug 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex63  }{\charscalex107 in. deep, and the projections B, b, 1/2}{\charscalex80\i\f4  }{\charscalex107 in.
 deep.  The entire cut should be slightly beveled. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Now take another piece of wood, and cut out a wheel, as shown in Fig. 2. This also should be slightly beveled. When it is finished, place it on one of the square pieces of wood, with the largest side down, then place the square piece out of which Fig. 1 wa
s cut, around the wheel, with the open side down. (We shall call that side of a mold out of which a casting is drawn, the "open" side.) Place it so that }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20it {\charscalex107 is even at the edge with the under square piece and place the wheel so that the space between the wh
eel and }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-3552\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_13a6cec2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 the other piece of wood is an even 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex76  }{\charscalex107 in. all the way around. Then nail the wheel down firmly, and tack the other piece slightly. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Procure a thin board 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex65  }{\charscalex107 in. thick, and cut it out as shown in Fig. }{\charscalex126 3; }{\charscalex107 then nail it, with pins or small nails, on the center of one of the square pieces of wood. Fit this to the two pieces just finished, with the thin wheel down--\-but first boring a 3/4-in
. hole 1/4}{\charscalex63  }{\charscalex107 in. deep, in the center of it; and boring a 3/8-in. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3422\absh-3130\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3649\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m36f09b55.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 hole entirely through at the same place. Now put mold No.1 (for that is what we shall call this mold) in a vise, and bore six 1/4-in. holes through }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20it. {\charscalex107 Be careful to keep these holes well out in the solid part, as shown by the black dots in Fig. 1. Take th
e mold apart, and clean all the shavings out of it; then bolt it together, and lay it away to dry. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3662\absh-3552\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2a34379f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now take another of the 12-in. square pieces of wood, and cut it out as shown in Fig. 4, slightly beveled. After it is finished, place it between two of the 12-in. square pieces of wood, one of which should have a 3/8-in. hole bored through its center. The
n bolt together with six 1/4-in. bolts, as shown by the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3619\absh-3528\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2817\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4a4ed8b2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 black dots in Fig. 4, and lay it away to dry. This is mold No.2. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now take mold No.1; see that the bolts are all tight; lay it on a level place, and pour babbitt metal into it, until it is full. Let it stand for half an hour, then loosen the bolts and re\-move the casting. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now cut out one of the 12-in.-square pieces of wood as shown in Fig. 5. This is the same as Fig. 1, only the one is left-handed, the other right-handed. Put this together in mold No.1, in\-stead of the right-handed piece; and run in babbitt metal again. The
 casting thus made will face together with the casting previously made. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pour metal into mold No.2. This will cast a paddle-wheel, which is in\-tended to turn inside of the casting al\-ready made. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If there should happen to be any }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3422\absh-3350\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24545\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m38ebff7a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 holes or spots, where the casting did not fill out, fill them by placing a small piece of wood with a hole in it, over the defective part, and pouring metal in to fill it up. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If you cannot obtain the use of a drill press, take an ordinary brace, fasten a 3/8-in. drill in it, and bore a hole through the end of a strip about 2 in. wide and 16 in. long; put the top of the brace through this hole, and fasten the other end of the st
rip to a bench, as shown in illustration. Find the center of the paddle-wheel, place it under the drill, true it up with a square; and drill it entirely through. Find the centers of the insides of the other two castings, and drill them in the same manner. 
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A piece of mild steel 5 in. long, and 3/8-in. in diameter must now be ob\-tained. This is for a shaft. Commenc}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20ing 1-1/2{\charscalex90  }in. from the one end, file the shaft off flat for a distance of  1 in. Then cut a slot in the paddle-wheel, and place the shaft inside of
 the paddle\-wheel, with the flat part of the shaft turned to face the slot in the wheel. Pour metal into the slot to key the wheel on to the shaft. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The paddle-wheel is now ready to be fitted inside of the casing. It may be necessary to file some of the ends off the paddles, in order to let the paddle-wheel go into the casing. After it is fitted in, so that it will turn easily, place the entire machine
 in a vise, and bore three 1/4-in. holes, one in the lug, one in the projections, B, b, and the other in the base, as shown by the black dots in Fig. 6. Also bore the port-hole in projection B, and the exhaust hole in projection b, and two 1/4-in. holes at
 d, d, Fig. 6. Cut out a piece of gasket and fit it between the two castings. Then bolt the castings together, screw down, and connect to the boiler. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3374\absh-1507\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert7745\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2feb5a0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Using the Brace }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-62\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The reader must either cast a pulley out of babbitt metal, or else go to a machinist and get a collar turned, with a boss and a set screw, and with three small screw holes around the edge. Cut out a small wood wheel and screw the collar fast to it, fasten 
it to the shaft of the turbine and turn on the steam. Then take a knife or a chisel, and, while it is running at full speed, turn the wheel to the shape desired. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Your turbine engine is now ready for work, and if instructions have been carefully followed, will do good service. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Painting A Car [357]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When painting the automobile body and chassis be sure to stuff the oil holes with felt or waste before applying the paint. If this caution is not observed the holes will become clogged with paint which will prevent any oil reach\-ing the bearing. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How To Build An Ice Boat [357]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The ice boat is each year becoming more popular. Anyone with even small experience in using tools can}
\par 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3595\absh-3907\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m721c1fc2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Four-Runner Ice Yacht }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 construct such a craft, and the pleasure many times repays the effort. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take two pieces of wood 2 by 6 in., one 6 ft. and the other 8 ft. long. At each end of the 6-ft. piece and at right angles to it, bolt a piece of hardwood 2 by 4 by 12 in. Round off the lower edge of each piece to fit an old skate. Have a blacksmith bore h
oles through the top of the skates and screw one of them to each of the pieces of hardwood. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3490\absh-2890\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20417\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2860df25.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Plan of Ice Boat }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 These skates must be exactly parallel or there will be trouble the first time the craft is used. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Over the middle of the 6-ft. piece and {\charscalex107 at right angles to it, bolt the 8-ft. plank, leaving 1 ft. projecting as in Fig. 1. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The rudder skate is fastened to a piece of hardwood 2 by 2 by 12 in. as the runners were fastened. This piece should be mortised 3 by 3 by 4 in. in the top before the skate is put on.  Figure 2 shows the rudder post. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A piece of hardwood 1 by 6 by 6 in. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7147\absh-4618\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19553\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m33395de5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Ice Boat Construction }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 should be screwed to the under side of the 8-ft. plank at the end with the grain running crosswise. Through this bore a hole 1-1/2-in. in diameter in order that the rudder post may fit nicely. The tiller, Fig. 3, should be of hardwood, and about 8 in. long
. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To the under side of the 8-ft. plank bolt a piece of timber 2 by 4 by 22 in. in front of the rudder block, and to this cross piece and the 6-ft. plank nail 8-in. boards to make the platform. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The spar should be 9 ft. long and 2-1/2 in. in diameter at the base, tapering to 1-1/2 in. at the top. This fits in the square hole, Fig. 1. The horn should be 5-1/2 ft. long, 2 by 3 in. at the butt and 1 in. at the end. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Figure 4 gives the shape and dimen\-sions of the mainsail which can be made of muslin. Run the seam on a ma\-chine, put a stout cord in the hem and make loops at the corners. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Figure 6 shows the way of rigging the gaff to the spar. Figure 7 shows the method of crotching the main boom and Fig. 8 a reef point knot, which may come in handy in heavy winds. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make your runners as long as possible, and if a blacksmith will make an iron or steel runner for you, so much the better will be your boat.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Electric Rat Exterminator [358]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Some time ago we were troubled by numerous large rats around the shop, particularly in a storehouse about 100 ft. distant, where they often did con\-siderable damage. One of the boys thought he would try a plan of electri\-cal extermination, and in order to 
carry out his plan he picked up an old zinc floor plate that had been used under a stove and mounted a wooden disk 6 in. in diameter in the center. On this disk he placed a small tin pan about 6 in. in diameter, being careful that none of the fastening nai
ls made an electrical con\-nection between the zinc plate and the tin pan. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 This apparatus was placed on the floor of the warehouse where it was plainly visible from a window in the shop where we worked and a wire was run from the pan and another from the }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 zinc plate through the intervening yard and into the shop. A good sized indu
c\-tion coil was through connected with these wires and about six dry batteries were used to run the induction coil whenever a push button was manipulated. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 It is quite evident that when a rat put its two fore feet on the edge of the pan in order to eat the mush which it contained, that an electrical connection would be made through the body of the rat, and when we pushed the button up in the shop the rat woul
d be thrown 2 or 3 ft. in the air and let out a terrific squeak. The arrangement proved quite too effective, for after a week the rats all departed and the boys all regretted that their fun was at an end. --Con\-tributed by John D. Adams, Phoenix, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20Ariz.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3442\absh-3816\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26305\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m39fc078.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Rat Trap }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Simple Fire Alarm [359]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A fire alarm which is both inexpen\-sive and simple in construction is shown in the illustration. Its parts are as follows: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 A, small piece of wood; B, block of wood nailed to A; S S. two pieces of sheet brass about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. wide, bent into a hook at each end; P, P, binding-posts fastening the springs S S, to block B, so that they come in contact at C. W is a piece of wax crayon 
just long enough to break the contact at C when inserted as shown in the illustration. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When these parts have been put to\-gether in the manner described, con\-nect the device in circuit with an elec\-tric bell, and place it behind a stove. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3571\absh-2309\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10081\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m78808278.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Simple Fire Alarm }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the stove becomes too hot the wax will melt at the ends, allowing the springs to contact at C, and the alarm bell will ring. --Contributed by J. R. Comstock, Mechanicsburg, Pa.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Build a Merry-Go-Round [359]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 This is a very simple device, but one that will afford any amount of amuse\-ment. The center post rests in an auger hole bored in an old stump or in a post set in the ground. The stump makes the best support. The center pole should be }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs2010 {\charscalex106 ft. high. An old wh
eel is mounted at the top of the pole, and the pole works in the wheel as an axle, says the American Boy. The wheel is anchored out by several guy }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3552\absh-2333\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40257\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3b4a77ec.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Home-Made Merry-Go-Round }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 wires. The seat arms may be any length desired. A passenger rides in each seat and the motorman takes his station at the middle. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Arbor Wheels [359]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Emery wheel arbors should be fitted with flanges or washers having a slight concave to their face. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Novelty Clock for the Kitchen [360]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An inexpensive and easy way to make an unique ornament of a clock }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex127{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-4906\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49889\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7ff66889.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Clock with Holder }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 for kitchen use is to take an old alarm clock or a new one if preferred, and make it into a clock to hang on the wall. Take the glass, dial and works out of the shell and cut some pieces out of the metal so that when the pieces left are turned back it will
 have the appearance as in Fig. 1. Then get a 10-cent frying pan, 6 in. in diameter, and drill a hole in the center so the shaft for the hands will easily pass through and extend out far enough to replace the two hands. Put the works back in the metal shel
l and solder it to the frying pan by the pieces turned out as in Fig. 2. Gild the pan all over, including the handle, and print black figures in the small circles. Calendar figures can be pasted on small circles and these pasted on the frying pan. The part
s can be divided into minutes with small lines the same as shown in the drawing. Make new hands that are long enough to reach the figures from sheet brass or tin and paint them black. --Contributed by Carl P. Herd, Davenport, Iowa}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Small Silver Plating Outfit [360]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Take an ordinary glass fruit jar or any other receptacle in glass, not metal, which will hold 1 qt. of liquid and fill it with rain or distilled water and then add 3/4 oz. of silver chloride and 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex75\i  }{\charscalex109 oz. of c.p. potassium cyanide. Let this dissolve and in
corporate well with the water before using. Take an ordinary wet battery and fasten two copper wires to the terminals and fasten the other ends of the wires to two pieces of heavy copper wire or 1/4-\-in. brass pipe. The wires must be well soldered to the b
rass pipe to make a good connection. When the solution is made up and entirely dissolved the outfit is ready for plating. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Procure a small piece of silver, a sil\-ver button, ring, chain or anything made entirely of silver and fasten a small copper wire to it and hang on the brass pipe with connections to the car\-bon of the battery. Clean the article to be plated well with pumi
ce and a brush saturated in water. When clean\-ing any article there should be a cop\-per wire attached to it. Do not touch the article after you once start to clean it, or the places touched by your fin\-gers will cause the silver plate to peel off when fini
shed. When well scoured, run clear, cold water over the article and if it appears greasy, place in hot water. When well cleaned place in the plating bath and carefully watch the results. If small bubbles come to the surface you will know that you have too 
much of the anode or the piece of silver hanging in the solution and you }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-1954\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1473\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7ab231df.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Plating Jar and Battery }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 must draw out enough of the piece un\-til you can see no more bubbles. Leave the piece to be plated in the solution for about one-half hour, then take the article out and with a tooth brush and some pumice, clean the yellowish scum off, rinse in clear water
 and dry in saw\-dust. When thoroughly dry, take a cotton flannel rag and some polishing powder and polish the article. The article must have a fine polish before plating if it is desired to have a finely polished surface after the plate is put on. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In order to see if your battery is working, take a small copper wire and touch one end to the anode pipe and the other end to the pipe holding the article to be plated. When these two parts touch there will be a small spark. Always take the zincs out of th
e solu\-tion when not in use and the batteries will last longer. This description ap\-plies only to silver plating. Articles of lead, pewter, tin or any soft metal can\-not be silver plated unless the article is first copper plated. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing a Tight-Fitting Ring from a Finger [361]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When a ring cannot be removed eas\-ily from the finger, take a string or thread and draw one end through be\-tween the ring and the flesh. Coil the other end of the string around the finger covering the part from the ring to and over the finger joint. Uncoil
 the string by taking the end placed through the ring and at the same time keep the ring close up to the string. In this way the ring can be easily }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-2419\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7704de48.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wrapping the Finger }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 slipped over the knuckle and off from the finger. --Contributed by J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex109 K. Miller, Matietta, Penn. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Photographic Jig-Saw Puzzle [361]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take any photographic print and mount it on heavy cardboard, or, if you }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-3730\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert53185\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m61b568e6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Picture Marked for Cutting }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 have a jig saw, a thin smooth wood board and mark out various shaped pieces as shown in the accompanying cut. If the picture is mounted on card\-board, the lines can be cut through with a sharp pointed knife. If you have a jig saw, you can make a bro\-mide e
nlargement from the negative you have selected and mount the print on a smooth board that is not too thick. This wood-mounted picture can be sawed out making all shapes of blocks, which forms a perfect jig-saw puzzle. --Contributed by Erich Lehmann, New Yo
rk City. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Rolling Uphill Illusion [361]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This interesting as well as entertain\-ing illusion, can be made by anyone having a wood-turning lathe. A solid, similar to two cones placed base to base, is accurately turned in a lathe, the sides sloping to an angle of 45 deg. The spindle can be turned ou
t of the solid at the same time as the cone; or, after turning the cone, drive an iron or wood shaft through the center making a tight fit. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi177\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The boards for the track are made with a sloping edge on which the cone is to roll. This slope will depend on the diameter of the cone, which can be any size from 3 to 12 in. The slope should not be too flat, or the cone will not roll, and it should be suc
h that the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3600\absh-3086\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5bcb400b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Illusion}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex92{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 one end will be higher than the other by a little less than half the diameter of the cone. Thus it will be seen that the diameter of the cone determines the length of the slope of the tracks. A notch should be cut in the tracks, as indicated, for the shaft
 to drop into at the end of the course. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The lower end of the tracks are closed until the high edge of the cone rests upon the inside edges of the tracks and the high end spread sufficiently to take the full width of the cone and to allow the shaft to fall into the notches. When the cone and trac
ks are viewed from the broadside the deception will be more perfect, and will not be discovered until the construction of the model is seen from all sides. Should it be difficult to make the cone from wood, a good substitute can be made from two funnels. -
-Contributed by I. G. Bayley, Cape May Point, N.J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex90{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Annealing Chisel Steel [362]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Persons who have occasion to use tool or carbon steel now and then and do not have access to an assorted stock of this material find that the kind most readily obtained at the hardware store is the unannealed steel known as chisel steel. Machining or filin
g such steel is exceedingly slow and difficult, be\-sides the destruction of tools; as a matter of fact this steel is intended for chisels, drills, and like tools which re\-quire only forging and filing. If this steel is annealed, it can be worked as easily 
as the more expensive annealed steel. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Annealing may be done by heating the steel to a cherry red, not any more, and burying it in a box of slaked lime, where it is allowed to remain until all the heat is gone. If well done, the metal will be comparatively soft and in a condition to machine eas
ily and rapidly. In lieu of lime, bury in ashes, sand, loam, or any substance not in\-flammable, but fine enough to closely surround the steel and exclude the air so that the steel cools very slowly. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If possible, keep the steel red hot in the fire several hours, the longer the better. In certain processes, like that of file manufacturing, the steel blanks are kept hot for 48 hours or more. Where it is impossible to wait so long as the foregoing method 
takes, then a cold water anneal may be used with less time. This method consists of heating the work as slowly and thor\-oughly as the time will permit, then removing the steel from the fire and al\-lowing it to cool in the air until black and then quenching
 in water. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In addition to softening the steel, annealing benefits the metal by reliev\-ing strains in the piece. Should a par\-ticularly accurate job be called for, the steel should be annealed again after the roughing cuts have been taken and before machining to the f
inal size. This will insure a true job and dimin\-ishes the danger of spring in the final hardening. --Contributed by Donald A. Hampson, Middletown, N. Y. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1024\loch\fs20\lang1024 
\par 
\pard\plain\absw4808\absh6986\dfrmtxtx181\nowrap\pvpara\posy166\phcol\posx0{\*\flymaincnt224\flyvert12576\flyhorz19456\flyanchor0\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4804945.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Post Card Holder [363]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This holder is designed to lay flat on the counter or to stack one on top of the other, keeping each variety of cards separate, or a number of them can be fastened on any upright surface to display either horizontal or vertical cards. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The holders can be made from sheet tin, zinc, brass or aluminum. The dimensions for the right size are given in Fig. 1; the dotted line showing where the bends are made. The  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-3240\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36353\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m455a524.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pattern for Cutting the Metal }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 completed holder is shown in Fig. 2 as fastened to a wall. --Contributed by John F. Williamson, Daytona, Fla. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Unused Paint [363]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Do not allow paint that is left over from a job to stand uncovered. The can should be. tightly sealed and the paint will be found suitable for use for several days. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Perfume-Making Outfit [363]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The real perfume from the flowers is not always contained in the liquid purchased for perfume. The most expensive perfume can be made at home for less than 10 cents an ounce. The outfit neces\-sary is a large bottle or glass jar with a small\-er bottle to fi
t snugly into the open mouth of the large one. Secure a small piece of very fine sponge and wash it clean to thor\-oughly remove all grit and sand. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1997\absh-3994\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20353\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_75ecf94a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Saturate the sponge with pure olive oil, do not use strong oil, and place it inside of the smaller bottle. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fill the large bottle or jar with flowers, such as roses, carnations, pansies, honeysuckles or any flower having a strong and sweet odor. Place the small bottle containing the sponge upside down in the large one, as shown in the illustration. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bottle is now placed in the sun and kept there for a day and then the flowers are removed and fresh ones put in. Change the flowers each day as long as they bloom. Remove the sponge and squeeze out the oil. For each drop of oil add 2 oz. of grain alcoh
ol. If stronger perfume is desired add only 1 oz. alcohol to each drop of oil. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex109 Home-Made Duplicator for }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20Box {\charscalex109 Cameras [363]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li-270\ri0\lin-270\rin0\fi-1137\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The projecting tube of the lens on a hand camera can be easily fitted with a duplicator while the box camera with its lens set on the inside and nothing but a hole in the box does not have such advantages. A small piece of heavy cardboard can be made to pr
oduce the same results on a box camera as a first-class duplicator ap\-plied to a hand camera.  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3739\absh-1982\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert54625\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2eac1596.jpg}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Duplicator Attached to a Camera }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cardboard is cut triangular and attached to the front end of the camera as shown in Fig. 1 with a pin about 1 in. above the lens opening. A rubber band placed around the lower end of the cardboard and camera holds the former at any position it is place
d. A slight pressure of the finger on the point A, Fig. 2, will push the cardboard over and expose one-half of the plate and the same pressure at B, Fig. 3, will re\-verse the operation and expose the other one-half. Pins can be stuck in the end of the came
ra on each side of the lens opening at the right place to stop the cardboard for the exposure. With this device one can duplicate the picture of a person on the same nega\-tive. --Contributed by Maurice Bau\-dier, New Orleans, La. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Optical Illusions [364]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch shows two optical illusions, the first having a perfect circle on the outside edge }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3830\absh-2366\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2849\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5006c2d.jpg}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Two Illusions }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 appears to be flattened at the points A, and the arcs of the circle, B, appear to be more rounding. In the second figure the circle appears to have an oval form with the distance from C to C greater than from D to D. A compass applied to the circles in eit
her figures will show that they are perfectly round. --Contributed by Norman S. Brown, Chippewa Falls, Wis. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Use of Kerosene in Polishing Metals [364]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Anyone who has polished a flat iron or steel surface with emery cloth knows how soon the cloth gums and fills up. The cloth in this condition will do little or no cutting. A simple remedy for this trouble is to use kerosene on the surface. The oil floats a
way a large part of the gumming substance and leaves the emery cloth sharp and clean to do the best work, also, it seems to act as a lubricant to keep particles of metal from collecting on the cloth and scratching or digging in the surface of the metal. A 
very light lard oil is equally good for this purpose, but not always easily obtained. A surface polished where oil or kerosene is used does not rust so easily as one polished dry, for the reason that a little oil re\-mains on the metal. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kerosene is the best to use on oil stones, being better than heavier oil. This oil readily floats away all particles of the feather edge that are liable to become loosened and forced into the stone. These particles of metal when stuck to the stone are the 
cause of spoiling it, as well as nicking the tools that are being sharpened. Keep the surface of the stone well oiled at all times to make the cutting free. --Con\-tributed by Donald A. Hampson, Mid\-dletown, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Lamps Burn Brightly [364]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For a good, steady light there is nothing better than a lamp, but like most everything it must have attention. After cleaning well and fitting it, place a small lump of camphor in the oil vessel. This will greatly improve the light and make the flame clear
er and brighter. If there is no camphor at hand add a few drops of vinegar occasionally.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\b A Practical Camera for Fifty Cents [365] }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex116 By C. H. Claudy }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-76\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0   I say for fifty cents, but really this is an outside estimate. If you possess a few tools and the rudiments of a shop, by which is meant a few odds and ends of screws, brass and nails, you can really make this camera for nothing. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The camera box is the first considera\-tion, and for this a cigar box answers every purpose. It is better to use one of the long boxes which contain a hun\-dred cigars and which have square ends. This box should be cut down, by means of a saw and a plate, un
til the ends are 4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. square. Leave the lid hinged as it is when it comes. Clean all the paper from the outside and inside }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6859\absh-3086\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_176b35a1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Construction of Camera Box }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 of the box--which may be readily done with a piece of glass for a scraper and a damp cloth--and paint the in\-terior of the box a dead black, either with carriage makers' black or black }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20ink. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Now bore in the center of one end a small hole, 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex78  }{\charscalex107 in. or less in diameter. Finally insert on the inside of the box, on the sides, two small strips of wood, 1/8}{\charscalex74\i\f4  }{\charscalex107 by 1/4}{\charscalex78  }{\charscalex107 in. and fasten them with glue, 1/8}{\charscalex74\i\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. from the other end of the box. Examine Fig. 1, a
nd see the location of these strips, which are lettered EE. Their purpose is to hold the plate, which may be any size desired up to 4 in. square. Commercially, plates come 3-1/2 by 3-1/2 in., or, in the lantern slide plate, 3-1/4}{\charscalex83  }{\charscalex107 by 4}{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. If it is desired 
to use the 3-1/2 by 3-1/2 in. plates. which is advised, the box should measure that size in its internal dimensions. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 We now come to the construction of the most essential part of the camera--the pin hole and the shutter, which take the place of the lens and shutter used in more expensive outfits. This construction is illustrated in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 4. }{\charscalex107 Take a piece of brass, about 1/
16-in. thick and 1-1/2 in. square. Bore a hole in each corner, to take a small screw, which will fasten it to the front of the camera. With 1/4-in. drill bore nearly through the plate in the center, but be careful that the point of the drill does not come 
through. This will produce the recess shown in the first section in Fig. }{\charscalex105 4. }{\charscalex107 Now take a No. 10 needle, in\-sert the eye end in a piece of wood and very carefully and gently twirl it in the center of the brass where it is the thin\-nest, until it goes through.
 This pin hole, as it is called, is what produces the image on the sensitive plate, in a manner which I shall presently de\-scribe. The shutter consists of a little swinging piece of brass completely covering the recess and pin hole, and provided with a lit
tle knob at its lower end. See Fig. 3, in which F is the front of the camera, B the brass plate and C the shutter. This is also illustrated in the second cross section in Fig. }{\charscalex105 4. }{\charscalex107 In the latter I have depicted it as swung from a pivot in the brass, and in F
ig. 3 as hung from a screw in the wood of }{\charscalex106 the front board; either construction will be effective. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lastly, it is necessary to provide a finder for this camera in order to know what picture you are taking. Make a little frame of wire, the size of the plate you are using, and mount it upright (see Fig. 5) on top of the camera as close to the end where the
 pin hole is as you can. At the other end, in the center, erect a little pole of wire half the height of the plate. If now you look along the top of this little pole, through the wire frame and see that the top of the little pole appears in the center of t
he frame, everything that you see beyond will be }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-2798\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert50753\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5b3adf6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pin Hole and Shutter Construction }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 taken on the plate, as will be made plain by looking at the dotted lines in Fig. 5, which represents the outer limits of your vision when confined within the little frame. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7550\absh-2866\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17409\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4f2d419b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Explanation of Action o\'a3 Pin Hole }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When you want to use this camera, take it into an absolutely dark room }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5904\absh-1666\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49185\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6a7d46b4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Constructing a Finder for Camera }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 and insert a plate (which you can buy at any supply store for photographers) in the end where the slides of wood are, and between them and the back of the box. Close the lid and secure it with a couple of rubber bands. See that the little shutter covers th
e hole. Now take the camera to where you wish to take a photograph, and rest it se\-curely on some solid surface. The ex\-posure will be, in bright sunlight and supposing that your camera is 10 in. long, about six to eight seconds. This exposure is made by l
ifting the little brass shutter until the hole is un\-covered, keeping it up the required time, and then letting it drop back into place. It is important that the camera be held rigid during the exposure, and that it does not move and is not jarred--otherwi
se the picture will be blurred. Remove the plate in the dark room and pack it carefully in a pasteboard box and several wrappings of paper to pro\-tect it absolutely from the light. It is now ready to be carried to some one }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 who knows how to do developing an
d printing. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To explain the action of the pin hole I would direct attention to Fig. 2. Here F represents the front of the camera, D the pinhole, AA the plate and the letters RR, rays from a lighted candle. These rays of course, radiate in all di\-rections, an infinite m
ultitude of them. Similar rays radiate from every point of the object, from light reflected from these points. Certain of these rays strike the pin hole in the front of the camera, represented here by RRRR. These rays pass through the pin hole, and as ligh
t travels only in straight lines, reach the plate AA, forming an inverted image of the object, in this case a candle in a candlestick. Mil\-lions of rays are given off by every point in every object which is lighted by either direct or reflected light. To a
ll practical purposes only one of these rays from each point in an object can pass through a minute opening like a pin hole. This being so, any screen which interrupts these selected rays of light will show upon it a picture of the object, only inverted. I
f that screen happens to be a photographically sen\-sitive plate, which is protected from all other light by being in a dark box, upon it will be imprinted a photographic image which can be made visible by the application of certain chemicals, when it becom
es a negative, from which may be printed positives. This camera is not a theoretical possibility, but an actual fact. I have made and used one successfully, as a demonstration of pin-hole photography.  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Use for an Old Clock [367]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove the hair spring of the clock, and fasten a spring to one end of the pawl and a small wire to the other end. Make a slit in the case of the clock opposite the pawl. Fasten the spring on the outside in any convenient way and pass the wire through the 
slit to an eccentric or other oscillating body. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make the dial, paste a piece of paper over the old dial, pull the wire back and forth one hundred times, and make a mark where the minute hand stops. Using this for a unit divide up the whole dial. The hour hand has an inner circle of its own. Put the a
larm hand at a little before twelve and wind the alarm. When the alarm is }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3595\absh-4555\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49857\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_26452f32.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi1104\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Revolution Recorder }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 unwound the hour hand starts on a new trip. The clock I used was put on an amateur windmill and when the hour hand went around once 86,400 revolu\-tions or jerks on the wire were made, while the minute hand recorded one-\-twelfth of this number, or 7,200. --
Con\-tributed by Richard H. Ranger, Indian\-apolis, Ind. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Renewing Dry Batteries [367]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dry batteries, if not too far gone, can be renewed by simply boring a small hole through the composition on top of each carbon and pouring some strong salt water or sal ammoniac solu\-tion into the holes. This kink is sent us by a reader who says that the p
ro\-cess will make the battery nearly as good as new if it is not too far gone beforehand. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Saving a Brush [367]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If a round brush spreads too much, slip a rubber band over the upper part of the bristles. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Simple Burglar Alarm [368]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take a piece of any wood about 6 by 8 in. for the base. This may be fin\-ished in any way desired. For the con\-tact points use brass or any sheet metal }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3576\absh-5083\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_6fa4118.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Simple Burglar Alarm }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 which will be satisfactory. Take a piece about }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs202-1/2 {\charscalex106 or 3 in. in length and bend the ends up about 1/2 in. in a ver\-tical position as shown. Fasten this to the top of the board using screws or nails. Under this strip of metal fasten a copper wire which can
 be connected to a binding-post on the board if de\-sired. Take another piece of metal about 4-1/2 in. in length and make a lever of it in the shape shown in the diagram. Fasten this so that one end of it will swing freely, but not loosely between the ends 
of the other piece marked C-C. Near the end fasten a spiral spring, S, which can be obtained almost anywhere. Fasten the end of this to the screw marked X. Also fasten to this screw a copper wire lead\-ing to the binding-post. In the lower end of the lever 
make a small hole to fasten a string through. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This string may be fastened across a door or window and any movement of it will pull it to the contact point on the right. If the string is cut or broken the spring will pull the lever to the con\-tact point on the left and thus complete the circuit. If the
 string is burned it will also act as a fire alarm. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Fit Corks [368]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Occasionally odd-sized bottles are re\-ceived in stores which require corks cut to fit them. No matter how sharp a knife may be, it will leave some sharp edges after cutting the cork, which will cause leakage. The illustration shows three very effective met
hods of reduc\-ing the size of corks. The one shown in Fig. 1 is made from two pieces of 1/2-in. wood fastened together at one end with a common hinge. Two or three grooves are cut cross-wise in sizes desired. The cork is put into the groove and both pieces
 are pressed to\-gether, which will make the cork smaller. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rolling the cork between two flat }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3859\absh-3062\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27041\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6443d343.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Three Methods for Reducing Size of Corks}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 surfaces (Fig. 2) is simple and almost as good as pressing in the grooves. A cork rolled on the floor (Fig. 3) is a quick and effective way. A slower and equally as good way is to soak the cork in hot water for a short time. --Con\-tributed by L. Szerlip, B
rooklyn, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Right Handed Engine [368]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Standing at the cylinder end and looking toward the flywheel of an en\-gine, the wheel will be at the right if the engine is right-hand. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Crutch [369]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 While a fractured bone was healing in the limb of my boy he needed a pair of crutches and not being able to se\-cure the right length, I set about to make the crutches from two broom handles. I split the handles to within 1 ft. of the end (Fig. 1) with a ri
p saw, and then stuck them in a barrel of water for three days to make the wood pliable for bending. A grip for each stick was made as long as the hand is wide and a hole bored through the cen\-ter the size of a No. 10 gauge wire. These grips were placed be
tween the two halves of each stick at the right distance for the length of the boy's arm and a wire run through both split }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-4066\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert61953\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_50e8e840.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Broom Handle Crutch }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 pieces and the handle then riveted as shown in Fig. 2. Another piece was cut as shown at A, Fig. 3, and nailed to the upper ends of each half of the broom handle. --Contributed by Geo. P. Grehore, Nashville, Tenn. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Necktie Holder [369]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The gas bracket is considered a good place to hang neckties, even if it does crowd them together. The illustration shows a better method, a curtain rod attached to one end of a bureau. Two long-shanked, square-hooked screws should be used, so they may be s
crewed beneath and close up to the projecting top. When removed they will leave no }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-2933\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6e5f4380.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hanger for Ties }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 disfiguring holes.-Contributed by C. W. Neiman, New York City. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Trousers Hanger [369]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Secure from your tinsmith a piece of sheet metal 7 in. wide and 12 in. long. Cut the metal as shown in Fig. 1 and make a close bend at the point A, but not too close to cause it to break. The piece will then appear as shown in Fig. 2. Cut a piece from the 
waste mate\-rial 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82  }{\charscalex109 in. wide and 2-1/4 in. long and bend it around the two pieces B, Fig. 2, so it will slide freely on their length. Bend the edges C in for 1/8} {\charscalex109 in. to hold the trousers firmly. Drill a hole through the top end of B and attach a wire forme
d into a hook for use in hanging on a nail. The bottom end of the trousers is inserted between the jaws C and the small ferrule pushed}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3682\absh-2818\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26561\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4858b259.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut from Sheet Metal }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-96\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 down to clamp them on the cloth.\- --Contributed by A. Levinson, Saginaw, Michigan. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Easy Designs in Ornamental Iron Work [370]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many an industrious lad has made money manufacturing the common forms of wood brackets, shelves, boxes, stands, etc., but the day of the scroll  saw and the cigar-box wood bracket and picture frame has given way to the more advanced and more profitable wor
k of metal construction. Metal brackets, stands for lamps, gates, parts of artistic fences for gardens, support\-ing arms for signs, etc., are among the articles of modern times that come un\-der the head of things possible to con\-struct of iron in the back 
room or attic shop. The accompanying sketches pre\-sent some of the articles possible to manufacture. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-6504\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16353\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7a6049db.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 First, it is essential that a light room be available, or a portion of the cellar where there is light, or a workshop may be built in the yard. Buy a moderate sized anvil, a vise and a few other tools, including bell hammer, and this is all required for co
ld bending. If you go into a forge for hot bending, other devices will be needed. Figure 1 shows how to make the square bend, getting the shoulder even. The strip metal is secured at the hardware store or the iron works. Often the strips can be secured at 
low cost from junk dealers. Metal strips about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108  }{\charscalex107 in. wide and 1/8}{\charscalex89\i  }{\charscalex107 in. thick are preferable. The letter A indicates a square section of iron, though an anvil would do, or the base of a section of railroad iron. The bend is worked on the corner as at B, co
ld. If a rounded bend is desired, the same process is applied on the circular piece of iron or the horn of an anvil. This is shown in Fig. 2, at C. This piece of iron can be purchased at any junk store, where various pieces are always strewn about. A piece
 about 20 in. long and 4 in. in diameter is about the right size. The bend in the metal be\-gins at D and is made according to the requirements. Occasionally where sharp bends or abrupt corners are need\-ed, the metal is heated previous to bending. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Although the worker may produce various forms of strip-metal work, the bracket is, as a rule, the most profitable to handle. The plain bracket is shown in Fig. 3, and is made by bending the strip at the proper angle on form A, after which the brace is adju
sted by means of rivets. A rivet hole boring tool will be needed. A small metal turning or drilling lathe can be pur\-chased for a few dollars and operated by hand for the boring, or a common hand drill can be used. Sometimes the bracket is improved in desi
gn by add\-ing a few curves to the end pieces of the brace, making the effect as shown in Fig. 4. After these brackets are made they are coated with asphaltum or Japan; or the brackets may be paint\-ed or stained any desired shade. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 In some of the work required, it is necessary to shape a complete loop or circle at the end of the piece. This may }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 be wrought out as in Fig. 5. The use of a bar of iron or steel is as shown. The bar is usually about 2 in. in diam\-eter and several feet in l
ength, so that it will rest firmly on a base of wood or stone. Then the bending is effected as at F, about the bar E, by repeated blows with the hammer. After a little practice, it is possible to describe almost any kind of a circle with the tools. The bar
 can be bought at an iron deal\-ers for about }40 {\charscalex108 cents. From the junk pile of junk shop one may get a like bar for a few cents. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A convenient form for shaping strip \-metal into pieces required for brackets, fences, gates, arches, and general trim\-mings is illustrated at Fig. 6. First there ought to be a base block, G, of hard wood, say about 2 ft. square. With a round point or gougi
ng chisel work out the groove to the size of the bar, forming a seat, by sinking the bar, H, one-half its depth into the wood as shown. In order to retain the bar se\-curely in position in the groove, there should be two caps fitted over it and set-screwed 
to the wooden base. These caps may be found in junk dealers' heaps, having been cast off from 2-in. shaft boxes. Or if caps are not avail\-able, the caps can be constructed from sheet metal by bending to the form of the bar, allowing side portions or lips f
or boring, so that the caps can be set \-screwed to the wood. Thus we get a tool which can be used on the bench for the purpose of effecting series of bends in strips of metal. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Since the introduction of the laws re\-quiring that signs of certain size and projection be removed from public thoroughfares in cities, there has been quite a call for short sign brackets, so termed, of the order exhibited in Fig. 7. These sign-supporting 
brackets do not extend more than 3 ft. out from the building. A boy can take orders for these signs in almost any city or large town with a little canvassing. The sign supporting bracket shown is mere\-ly a suggestion. Other designs may be wrought out in en
dless variety. A hook or eye is needed to sustain the ring in the sign.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The young man who undertakes to construct any sort of bracket, supports, frames or the like, will find that he will get many orders for lamp-supporting contrivances, such as shown at Fig. 8. It is hardly necessary to go into details }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2885\absh-6307\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24001\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_188059b6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 for making these stands, as every part is bent as described in connection with the bending forms, and the portions are simply riveted at the different junc\-tures. Both iron and copper rivets are used as at I}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\b , }{\charscalex108 in Fig. 9, a cross sectional }view. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The best way is to bore straight through both pieces and insert the rivet. In some cases the rivet is head\-ed up in the bore and again washers are used and the heading effected on the washer. Copper rivets are soft and easily handled, but are costly as com
\-pared with iron rivets. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Good prices are obtained for the guards for open fireplaces made in many varieties in these days. The re}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 turn of the open fireplace in modern houses has created a demand for these guards and in Fig. }{\charscalex108 10 }{\charscalex107 we show a design for one of them. The posts are made }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3062\absh-7613\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16673\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5ebc082a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 sufficiently stiff by uniting two sides with rivets. The ends at top are looped as shown, while the ends or butts at the base are opened out to make the feet. Rings are shaped on forms and are then riveted to the base cross-piece as illustrated. Crosses ar
e made to de\-scribe to central design and the plan is worked out quite readily with the different shapes. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The making of metal fire grate fronts has proven to be a very interesting and profitable occupation for boys in}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\b  }{\charscalex107 recent times. Not long ago it was sufficient for the ingenious youth to turn out juvenile windmills, toy houses and var\-ious little knickknacks 
for amusement. The modern lad wants more than this. He desires to turn some of his product into cash. Therefore we present some of the patterns of fire grates which boys have made and can make again from scrap iron, with few tools and devices, and find a r
eady market for the same as soon as they are made. Figure 11}{\charscalex106\f4  }{\charscalex107 is a sketch of a form of fire grate bar or front that is constructed with a se\-ries of circles of strip metal. The best way is to go to the hardware store or iron dealer's and buy a quantity of 1
/4-in., 1/2-in., and 3/4-in. iron, about 1/8 to 3/16 in. thick. In fact 1/16-in. metal would do in many cases where the parts are worked out small in size. The 1/8-in. metal is very strong. Then after getting the supply of strip metal in stock, procure the
 usual type of metal worker's hammer, a cheap anvil, a 9-lb. vise, a cold chisel, a file or two, and a round piece of shaft iron, about }{\charscalex112 3 }{\charscalex107 in. diameter and 2 to }{\charscalex112 3 }{\charscalex107 ft. long. This piece of iron is represented at B, Fig. 12. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The iron is held in position by means of the straps of metal C, C, which are bent over the shaft tightly and grip the board base with set or lag screws as shown. The wooden base should be about 2 in. thick and large enough to make a good support for the ir
on shaft. The process of bending the rings in this way is as shown. The piece of strip iron is grasped at D. Then with the hammer the iron is gradually worked cold about the mandrel as at E until the perfect form is acquired. After the form is finished, th
e strip at the ter\-minus of the ring is cut off. In order to get a steady base the wooden part may be bolted to a bench. In Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex118 13 }{\charscalex107 is shown the method of clipping off the completed ring. The cold chisel is held upright, and by delivering several blows wit
h the hammer upon the same, the point is caused to chip through the metal and release the ring. The shaft or mandrel is marked G. The cold chisel is indicated at I and the position where the hand grasps the strip is at H. The final operation in shaping the
 ring is by driving the protruding cut, lip down, to the common level of the oppo\-site point, thus giving us the finished ring with the lips closed on the man\-drel as at J, Fig. 14. These rings can be turned out in this way very speedily. The next operatio
n involves the process of uniting the rings in the plan to shape the design. The design work is often worked out ahead and followed. Some become so proficient that they can de\-velop a design as they proceed. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Figure 11 is a design of grate front used for various purposes in connection with grate fires. The series of rings are united by a rivet between each at the joining point. With thin metal the holes can be punched with an iron punch and hammer on an anvil w
here there is a hole to receive the point of the punch after the punch penetrates the metal. For the heavier forms of metal a drill is necessary. A metal drill and brace can be purchased very cheaply for this work. After drilling the holes, the parts are e
rected and the rivets inserted and headed up as each addition is made. Thus the series of rings are united and then the side pieces are similarly riveted. The points at the top are then worked out and joined on. These points are filed down to the nec\-essar
y taper after the union is effected. The finishing work involves smoothing rough places with a file and painting. Asphaltum makes a good black finish. Some of the best designs of grates are bronzed. Some are silvered. The dif\-ferent designs are finished as
 desired by customers. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Figure 15 is another design of grate in which the process of shaping the rings is like that in the first design. There are some half circles in this pat\-tern and these are framed by shaping the same about the mandrel with the hammer. In order to get the sh
oulders close and the circle complete it is nec\-essary to heat the metal. A coke fire can be made in a hole in the ground. Then procure a tin blowpipe and blow the flame against the metal at the point to be bent. This metal will become red hot very soon, a
nd can be bent readily against the anvil and the circular form. Let the metal cool off on the ground after heating. Fig. 16 is another design }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2952\absh-7526\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert37473\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m31a37dd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 which can be wrought out. The middle adjustment is wire screen work which may be bought at a hardware store and set into the position shown. Fig. 17 shows a chipping off device useful in connection with this work. Metal chip\-pers can be bought at any tool 
store. The chipper is placed in the jaws of the vise as at K, and secured there. The strip of metal in process of cutting is marked M. The hammer head is caused to strike the metal just over the cutting edge of the chipper. The quick, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 hard blow causes the 
cutting edge to penetrate far enough to sever the piece. Bending cold with a wooden form is done as in Fig. }{\charscalex108 18. }{\charscalex105 The wooden form is marked P and is about 8 in. wide and 7 in. high, forming a one-sided oval shape. There is a pin R set into the base board of 
the oval form and the strip of metal for bending is grasped at S and the other end is inserted back of the pin R. By applying pressure, the strip of metal is bent to the form. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Figure 19 shows the hour-glass wood bending form, made by selecting a piece of hard wood block, about 6 in. square and boring through with an inch bit. Then the hole is shaped hour-glass like. The view is a sectional one. The block is placed in a vise and 
the strip for bending is inserted as at T. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The strip of metal is grasped at W and can be bent to various forms by ex\-erting pressure. Fig. 20 is another type of fireplace front, constructed by unit\-ing the shaped metal pieces. In fact an almost endless variety of designs can be wrought out after th
e start is once made. A good way to figure the price on the grate is to add up the costs of the parts and charge about 12 cents per hour for the work. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Water Wheel [374]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Considerable power can be developed with an overshot water wheel erected as in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 1. }{\charscalex105 This wheel is made with blocks of wood cut out in sections as indicated by the lines, so as to form the circle properly. The wheel can be }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3638\absh-1690\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39777\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m61ea29bf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Overshot and Undershot Wheels }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 about 24 in. in diameter to produce re\-sults and about }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 10 }{\charscalex105 in. wide. Get some tin cans and attach them around the wheel as shown. Bore the wheel cen\-ter out and put on the grooved wood wheel, P, and a rope for driving, R. This rope runs to a wooden frame in
 the manner illustrated. The water is carried in a sluice affair, N, to the fall, O}{\charscalex133\f4 , }{\charscalex105 where the water dippers are struck by the vol\-ume and from 2 to 4 hp. will be pro\-duced with this size of wheel if there is sufficient flow of water. This power can be use
d for running two or three sewing machines, fans, fret-saws, and the like. Another form of water wheel is shown in Fig. 2. This is driven by an underflow of current. This type of wheel can be made on lines similar to the other, only that the paddles are of
 wood and extend outward as shown. The wheel is supported in a bearing on the piece S. A belt, T, communicates the power to the wheel V and from here the power is carried to any desired point. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How To Build An Imitation Street Car Line [374]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An imitation street car line may sound like a big undertaking, but, in fact, it is one of the easiest things a boy can construct, does not take much time and the expense is not great. A boy who lives on a farm can find many fine places to run such a line, 
and one in town can have a line between the house and the barn, if they are some distance apart. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Often all the boards and blocks re\-quired can be had for helping a carpen\-ter clear away the rubbish around a new building. Wheels and parts of old bicycles, which can be used in so many ways, can be found at a junk shop at very low prices, wheels in good 
repair are not expensive. For the car for the street car line try to find a set of wheels having axles, but if you cannot find such, make shafts of hard wood, about 3 in. by 2-1/2 in. and by means of a jack\-knife turn, or shave down the ends to receive the
 hub bearings of the wheels. Fasten the wheel hubs securely over }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 the ends of the wood with pins or little bolts, or if the wheel bearing is of such a nature that it revolves on its own journal, the journal can be fastened to the end of the wood piece. Each
 of the wheels should be provided with a sprocket; any chain sprocket of a bicycle may be used. Fasten these sprockets on the outside of the wheels as shown in Fig. 1. They can be set on over the bearing end and se\-cured with a set screw, or the original k
ey can be employed. It is best in cases like this to use the original parts. Make the floor of the car of pieces of boards placed on the axles and nailed, screwed or bolted, as shown at A. To erect the frame, place uprights, C C C C, in position as shown, 
fastening the ends to the base-boards and making }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2218\absh-1507\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert7745\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m33a4a8ad.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 the roof line as at B, then put in the cross-pieces, G G. Seats, E E, are simply boxes. The drive of the car is effected by using the driving sprockets, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 D D, }{\charscalex106 fitted to the crosspieces, G G, with the original bearings. The parts are there\-by secured to the 
car and the chain placed on. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Key the cranks for turning to the upper sprocket's shaft and all is ready. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20If {\charscalex106 there are sprocket gears and cranks on either side, four boys may propel the car at one time. Considerable speed can be made on smooth roads, but it is the best amusement to run 
a car line on wooden tracks with a brake con\-sisting of a piece of wooden shaft, pass\-ing through a bore in the car floor, and fitted with a leather covered pad as at H. A spiral spring holds up the brake until pressure is applied by foot power, when the b
rake contacts with the wooden track and checks the car. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The track plan is illustrated in Fig. 2. Get some boards and place them end for end on other pieces set as ties. The main boards or tracks, JJ,}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex86  }{\charscalex106 can be about 6 in. wide, to the edges of which nail strips about 3/4 in. wide and about the }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4286\absh-2976\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert64769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5d30ba4c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Construction of Car }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 same height. The ties, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex123 I I, }{\charscalex106 can be al\-most any box boards. Wire nails are the best to use in putting the tracks together. The sprocket connection with the chain is shown in Fig. 3. This consists of the sprocket gear on the propelling shaft, and the crank. 
The pedals may be removed and a chisel handle, or any tool handle, substituted, so as to afford means for turning the}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3528\absh-2597\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3457a56c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Section of the Track }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi1089\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 crank by hand power. Great fun can be had with the road, and, furthermore, it can be made remunerative, as boys and girls can be given rides for a penny each.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Clean Before Painting [375]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Apply a coat of raw starch water to a dirty wall before painting; this, when dry, may be brushed or wiped off.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Varnish for Electric Terminals [375]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good varnish for electric terminals is made of sealing wax dissolved in gasoline. To prevent brittleness add a little linseed oil. }
\par 
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Measuring the Height of a Tree [376]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-4886\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59041\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1bc92222.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Method of Applying the Triangle Measure}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 "Near the end of the season our boy announced the height of our tall maple tree to be 33 ft. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 "'Why, how do you know?' was the general question. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 " 'Measured it.' "'How?' }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 " 'Foot rule and yardstick.' }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 " 'You didn't climb that tall tree?' his mother asked anxiously. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 " 'N o'm; I found the length of the shadow and measured that.' }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 "'But the length of the shadow changes.' }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 " 'Yes'm; but twice a day the shad\-ows are just as long as the things them\-selves. I've been trying it all summer. I drove a stick into the ground, and when its shadow was just as long as the stick I knew that the shadow of the tree would be just as long a
s the tree, and that's 33 ft.''' }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The above paragraph appeared in one of the daily papers which come to our office. The item was headed, "A Clever Boy." Now we do not know who this advertised boy was, but we knew quite as clever a boy, one who could have got the approximate height of the t
ree with\-out waiting for the sun to shine at a particular angle or to shine at all for that matter. The way boy No. 2 went about the same problem was this: He got a stick and planted it in the ground and then cut it off just at the level of his eyes. Then 
he went out and took a look at the tree and made a rough esti\-mate of the tree's height in his mind, and judging the same distance along the ground from the tree trunk, he planted his stick in the ground. Then he lay down on his back with his feet against 
the standing stick and looked at the top of the tree over the stick. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex105\fs20 If he found the top of stick and tree did not agree he tried a new position and kept at it until he could just see the tree top over the end of the upright stick. Then all he had to do was to measure along the ground to where his eye had been when lying do
wn and that gave him the height of the tree{{\*\updnprop5801}\dn8 .}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 'The point about this method is that the boy and stick made a right-angled triangle with boy for base, stick for perpendicular, both of the same length, and the "line of sight" the hypotenuse or long line of the triangle. When he got into the position whic
h enabled him to just see the tree top over the top of the stick he again had a right-angled triangle with tree as perpendicular, his eye's distance away from the trunk, the base, and the line of sight the hypotenuse. He could measure the base line along t
he ground and knew it must equal the vertical height, and he could do this without reference to the sun. It was an ingenious application of the well known properties of a right-angled triangle. --Railway and Locomotive En\-gineer.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b White Putty to Black [376]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 White putty on a black window frame can be made to harmonize by rubbing the fresh putty with a piece of cotton dipped in lampblack.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Using Sandpaper [376]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Sandpaper may be kept from slipping}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i\f4  }{\charscalex105 under the hand by chalking the back. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Interesting Electrical Experiment [377]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Anyone possessing a battery having an electromotive force of from 4 to 20 volts can perform the following ex\-periment, which is particularly inter\-esting on account of the variation of results with apparently the same conditions. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Immerse two pieces of brass in a strong solution of common salt and water. Connect one piece to the posi\-tive wire and the other to the negative, taking care that the brass pieces do not touch each other. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the current has passed one }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-2174\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert3745\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m68a4034f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-67\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 How Wires are Connected }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-67\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 or two minutes, the solution will be\-come colored, and if the process is con\-tinued a colored pigment will be pre\-cipitated. The precipitate varies considerably in color and may be either yellow, blue, orange, green or brown, depending on the strength of t
he cur\-rent, the strength of the solution, and the composition of the brass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Novelty Chain Made from a Match [377]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying engraving shows what is possible to do with a penknife. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3528\absh-1685\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27937\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1f6104e8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lay a Match on the Picture}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A small chain composed of several links was cut from the wood that forms the match.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Keeping Doors Closed [377]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex110 Glass doors in bookcases may be kept from swinging open by boring a hole, about 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82\f4  }{\charscalex110 in. deep, either at the top or bottom in the edge of the door, 2 in. from the closing edge, and insert\-ing an ordinary cork, allowing a small portion to project and rub on 
the facing. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Restoring Broken Negatives [377]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi240\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Whoever has the misfortune to break a valuable negative need not de\-spair, for the damage can be repaired most effectively. In case the negative be broken into many pieces, take a clean glass, the same size as the broken negative, and put upon this the pie
ces, joining them accurately, says Camera Craft. Put another clean glass on top of this and bind the three together with passe-partout binding or gummed strips of ordinary paper, as one would a lantern slide, and cover the glass edges. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Next make a transparency of this--\-in the camera, of course--and if it is done right, the positive will only show the cracks as dark and light lines. The }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3466\absh-4373\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert18017\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_55eef91d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Before and After Mending}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 dark lines are removed with the etch\-ing knife and the light ones with the retouching pencil. From this trans\-parency another negative can be made, or as many negatives as necessary, by either contact or in the camera, and if the work on the glass positive
 was done carefully, no trace of the break should be seen on the finished nega\-tive. If the negative is broken in two or three larger pieces only, a contact positive may be made in the printing frame without binding, by using a clean glass in the latter, u
pon which the pieces are put together, face up, and a dry plate exposed in contact with them in the dark room. The accompanying engravings show a print before and after repairing a broken negative in this manner. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Coin and Tumbler Trick [378]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch shows how a good trick may be easily per\-formed by anyone. Lay a piece of }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-2798\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert50753\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_36002ee2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab This Is a Good Trick }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 heavy paper that is free from creases on a board or table. Secure three tum\-blers that are alike and stick a piece of the same heavy paper over the open\-ings in two of them, neatly trimming it all around the edges so as to leave nothing of the paper for an
yone to see. Make three covers of paper as shown in Fig. 1 to put over the tum\-blers. Place three coins on the sheet of paper, then the tumblers with cov\-ers on top of the coins, the unprepared tumbler being in the middle. Now lift the covers off the end t
umblers, and you will see that the paper on the open\-ings covers the coins. Replace the cov\-ers, lift the middle one, and a coin will be seen under the tumbler, as the open\-ing of this tumbler is not covered. Drop the cover back again and lift the other tu
mblers and covers bodily, so that the spectators can see the coins, remarking at the same time that you can make them vanish from one to the other. The openings of the tumblers must never be exposed so that any one can see them, and a safe way to do this i
s to keep them level with the table. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Another Way to Renew Dry Batteries  [378]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-883\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There are many methods of renew\-ing dry batteries, and I have used sev\-eral of them, but I found the follow\-ing the best: Remove the paper cover and with a 1/4-in. drill make about six holes around the side of the zinc, about 1/2 in. from the bottom. Then 
drill another row of holes about half way up the side and put the bat\-tery to soak in a solution of sal am\-moniac for 48 hours. Then remove and plug the holes up with hard soap, and replace in the paper box, when it will give nearly as strong a current as 
when new.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Simply Made Wire Puzzle [378]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The object of this simply made wire puzzle is to get the ring off, which is not easy unless you know how. To do so it is necessary to move the triangle with ring to one of the hinge joints and fold the puz\-zle. Then slip the ring off the triangle over the 
hinge joint and it will slip all around and off at the other hinge. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1133\absh-1862\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51489\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_24552ff7.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Pronunciation [378]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Diabolo is pronounced Dee-ab-lo. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Repairing Box Cameras [379]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In repairing the inner part of box cameras which have been broken loose, use a binding of strong black cloth well glued in place. This will mate\-rially strengthen the joints where the wooden pieces are so thin that it is impossible to use brads in holding 
them together. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Do not forget to thoroughly clean all the old glue or cement from the joints with a rasp or sandpaper before at\-tempting a repair. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Fishhook Box [379]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A box that may be used to hold fish\-hooks, sinkers, matches or any small articles, can be made from two empty shotgun cartridges as shown in the sketch. The paper is cut from the brass part of one shell at the place marked A, Fig. 1, and the brass part, Fi
g-. 2, is used for a cap on the other }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-2198\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10785\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6f74cbaf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Made of Shotgun Shells }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 shell (Fig. 3). Coating the box with shellac will improve its appearance.\- --Contributed by Abner B. Shaw, N. Dartmouth, Mass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Tin Drinking Cup for the Camp [379]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If in need of a drinking cup while camping, a temporary cup can be made of a tomato or baking-powder can. Punch two holes near the top of the can; bend a piece of wire and place the ends through the holes as shown at A in the sketch. Pull the ends to draw 
the loop close up on the inside of the tin and then twist the ends to form a handle as shown at B. When there is enough wire twisted to form a good handle, pass the ends around the can }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3778\absh-1886\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert28929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m300b33d5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Handle on a Tin Can }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 at the bottom and twist them together on the opposite side. --Contributed by W. A. Lane, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20El {\charscalex108 Paso, Tex.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex108 A}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex125  }{\charscalex108 Bookmark [379]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very handy bookmark can be made by attaching a narrow ribbon to an ordinary pa\-per clip and using it as shown in the sketch. The clip is slipped over the binding in the back of the book as shown in the sketch. --Con\-tributed by Chester E. Warner, Kalamaz
oo, Mich.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2064\absh-1469\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51969\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m486da17a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Kitchen Knife Sharpener [379]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good serviceable knife sharpener may be made from a piece of steel cut as shown with two screw holes drilled for fastening it to a piece of wood or to a table. The knife is drawn through and sharpened on either side. Both positions of the knife are shown
. The }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-1776\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert37441\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_43b5ff38.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sharpener on Table Edge }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 steel is hardened before fastening it in place. --Contributed by George Mad\-sen, Chicago. Ill. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Devices of Winter Sports-How to Make and Use Them [380]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the north the red-cheeked boy digs a hole in the ice and while he amuses and invigorates himself at skat\-ing the fish underneath the icy sheet }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1685\absh-2266\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m41030f85.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 "Tip Up Pole" }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 fasten themselves to the hook he has let down through a hole. The boy used to sit over the hole in the ice and wait for the fish to bite, but that became too slow and detracted too much from his pleasure at skating. So his in\-ventive genius set it\-self to 
work and the "tip-up" and "sig\-nal" shown in the illustration was the result. When the fish is not biting the flag lies flat on the ice, but as soon as a fish has swallowed the hook the flag pole stands straight up wafting its bright colored flag to the br
eezes and all the boys on the skating pond read the word "fish." The fish is drawn up, the hook rebaited and the youthful fish\-erman resumes his pleasures on the ice. Often a score or more of these "tip-ups" are planted about the edges of the ice pond, eac
h boy bringing his fishing tackle with his skates and thus finding a double source of amusement. Maybe one boy will thus have a half dozen different lines in the water at once, it being easy to watch them all together. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The device by which the fish is made to give its own signal when caught is exceedingly simple and any boy can make it. Procure a light rod about 2 ft. in length and to one end fasten a small flag, made of any bright colored cloth. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1622\absh-2266\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m29aa53bf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 "Tip-Up" Fish Caught }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bind the rod at right angles to another stick which is placed across the hole, so that a short piece of the flagrod pro\-jects over the cross stick. To this short end fasten the fishing line. Be sure and use strong string in binding the two rods together, a
nd also take care that the cross stick is long enough to permit several inches of each end to rest on the ice. After fastening the line to the short end of the rod, bait the hook with a live minnow or other suitable bait and let it down through the hole. W
hen the fish is hooked the flag will instant\-ly raise and wave about strenuously until the fish is taken from the water. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b "Jumping-Jack" Fisherman [380]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1930\absh-2578\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26337\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m78c16769.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Jumping-Jack Fisherman}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the small boy has a "jumping-\-jack" left over from Christmas. he may make this do his fishing for him and serve as well as the "tip-up," or he can easily make the jumping-jack himself independ\-ent of Santa Claus. The string which is pulled to make the j
oints move is tied securely to the fishing line; the hook is baited and lowered into the water through a hole in the ice. The "jumping-jack" waves his legs and arms frantically to notify the boys when the fish is biting. The "jump\-ing-jack" is also used fo
r fishing in summer time by placing it on a float which is cast into the water. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Merry-Go-Round Whirl on Ice [380]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A German device for the amusement of children is a whirl on an ice merry-\-go-round. It is made by placing a vertical shaft or stake, provided with a couple of old cart-wheels, in a hole in the ice. One wheel acts as a turning base and prevents the shaft fr
om sink\-ing into the pond, and the other forms a support for the long sweep attached for propulsion purposes, and should be fastened to the shaft about }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex110 3 }{\charscalex107 ft. above the base wheel. The sleds are made fast in a string to the long end of the sweep, which when
 turned rapidly }{\charscalex108 causes the sleds to slide over the ice in a circle at a high speed. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the sweep is long enough to have each end from the shaft the same length, two strings of sleds may be at\-tached, which will balance the device and make the turning much easier. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Running Sleigh [381]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Another winter sport, very popular in Sweden, and which has already reached America, is the "running sleigh," shown in the illustration. A light sleigh is equipped with long double runners and is pro\-pelled by foot power. The person using the sleigh stands
 with one foot upon a rest attached to one of the braces connecting the run\-ners and propels the sleigh by pushing backward with the other foot. To steady the body an upright support is attached to the runners. The contrivance can be used upon hard frozen 
ground, thin ice and snow-covered surfaces, and under favor\-able conditions moves with remarkable speed. The "running sleigh" has a decided advantage over skis, because the two foot supports are braced so that they cannot come apart. Any boy can make the s
leigh. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4574\absh-3360\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9569\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_60b2fc7f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Running Sleigh }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi235\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Winged Skater [381]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With the actual speed of the wind a skater may be hurled along the ice if he is aided by sails. He has been known to travel at the rate of 40 miles an hour, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4747\absh-2218\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14817\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_47321048.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Frame for Skater's Sails }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 And the sport while affording the limit {\charscalex108 of excitement, is not attended with dan\-ger. The sails are easily made, as the illustrations and description will show. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Secure two large thin hoops about 4 ft. in diameter. They may be obtained from an old hogshead or by bending thin strips. For each hoop select a piece of strong cane about 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex108 in. in di\-ameter to constitute the fore and main masts or cross-yards. Extend th
ese across the center of the hoop and fasten each end firmly to the hoop's sides. For }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 the middle of each cross-spar make a cleat and lash it on firmly. The main spar should also be made of two pieces of strong cane, each about 9-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex88\i  }{\charscalex108 ft. long. Bind them together at each end so that the large end of one is fastened to the small end of the oth
er. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Next comes the attaching of the sails to the separate masts. The sails should be made of strong sheeting or thin canvas. Tack the cloth to the hoop on the inner side after it has been wrapped around the hoop two or three times. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now the main spar should be attached by springing it apart and slip\-ping the cleats of the cross\-spar between the two pieces. Bind the inner sides of the hoops tightly together by means of a very strong double cord, as shown in the figure. Then your sail i
s ready for the ice pond. See that your skates are securely fastened, raise your }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4709\absh-2510\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m574d3080.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex114 Skater's Sails Finished }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 sail and you will skim along the ice as lightly as a bird on the wing. With a little practice you will learn to tack and guide yourself as desired. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4733\absh-6749\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51937\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_17fc90b5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Plan of Ice Boat, Sail and Rudder \-}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 If the hoops cannot be easily obtained the sails may be made equally effective by}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex143\f4  }{\charscalex108 using the main spar and fore and main masts as herein described, mak\-ing the sails square shaped instead of round and leaving off the hoops. In this case the sails should be 
securely bound with strong tape. Attach a corner to each end of the cross-spar, and a corner to the outer end of the main spar. The remaining corner of each then appears oppo\-site to each other, and should be fastened together by strong cord in the same ma
nner as the hoops. In this case the sails may be left off until after the frame is entirely put together and then fastened on to the spars by buttons. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A more simple sail may be made according to the plans illustrated in the lower drawing. It is made by binding together in the center the halves of two strong hogshead hoops, or two bent poles are better. If possible the sail should be about 8 ft. long and 
4 ft. wide. Fasten on the sail at the four corners. The rig will convey two persons and is more easily con\-structed than any other. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Ice Boating [382]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 But the sport that is greatest of all, the one that used to be part of the life of every northern boy, and which is being revived in popularity after years of stagnation, is ice boating. With the aid of old skates, pieces of board and an old sheet or a sma
ll bit of can\-vas, any boy possessed of ordinary mechanical genius may make an ice boat. The frame of the boat should be made something in the form of a kite. The center-board should be 4 or 5 ft. long, 6 in. wide and 2 in. thick. The cross board may be of
 a piece of 1 by 6 in. plank 3 ft. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20long.{\b  }{\charscalex107 Fasten these with braces of small stout strip, as shown in the draw\-ing, and screw the cross-piece securely to the center-board. Bore a hole in the center of the intersection for the mast pole. The seat may be made 
of a piece of strong cloth or leather. Three skates are fastened on to either side of the cross-board and one to the rear end of the center-board, the latter of which is to operate as a rudder. In attaching the skates first make a couple of runner blocks, 
each 6 in. long and }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 3 in. wide. Bore holes in them for the straps of the skates to pass through and fasten them secure\-ly. Nail the runner blocks firmly to the cross\-board about 1-1/2 in. from each end. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2285\absh-2088\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34081\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4b8ca6ca.jpg}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Boy's Ice Boat }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 In making the rudder hew down a piece of scantling }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex153 1 }{\charscalex107 ft. long until it assumes the shape of a club with a flat base. Nail a strip of wood firmly to this base, and to the strip fasten the skate. Run the top of the club through a hole bored in the stern of t
he center\-board. Then make the helm by boring a hole in one end of a strip of soft board about 1 ft. long, and through this hole pass the club or rubber-pole and fasten it so it may be shifted when desired. Make the sail out of an old sheet, if it be stron
g enough, piece of canvas, or any such substance and attach it to the mast and sprit as shown in the illus\-tration, and guide it by a stout string attached to the lower outer corner. As an ice boat will travel faster than the wind, some care and considerab
le skill is necessary. Unless you are accus\-tomed to managing a sail boat, do not select a place in which to learn where there are all holes or open water. To stop the boat throw the head around into the wind, same as you would with a sailboat. If the wind
 is strong the occupants of the boat should lie flat on their stomach. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Coasters and Chair Sleighs [383]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Make your own sled, boys! There is no use in buying them, because your hand-made sled is probably better than any purchased one and then you can take so much more pride in it when you know it is of your own construction. There are so many different designs
 of sleds that can be made by hand that the matter can be left almost entirely to your own ingenuity. You can make one like the bought sleds and face the runners with pieces of an iron hoop which will answer every purpose. A good sled for coasting consists
 simply of two barrel staves and three pieces of board as shown in the picture, Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex120 1.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3350\absh-1243\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert6561\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_12662c19.jpg}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. l- Barrel Stave Sled }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1598\absh-1531\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1caddaa4.jpg}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chair Sleigh}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 No bought sled will equal it for coast\-ing and it is also just the thing for car\-rying loads of snow for building snow houses. The method of its construc\-tion is so simple that no other descrip\-tion is needed than the picture. You }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 can make a chair-sleigh o
ut of this by fitting a chair on the cross board in\-stead of the long top board or it will be still stronger if the top board is allowed to remain, and then you will have a device that can readily again be transformed into a coast\-ing sled. In making the c
hair-sleigh it is neces\-sary, in or\-der to hold the chair in place, to nail four L-shaped blocks on the cross boards, one for each leg of the chair. Skating along over the ice and pushing the chair in front of him the proud pos\-sessor of a chair-sleigh may
 take his mother, grown sister or lady friend with him on his outings, and permit her to ride in the chair. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Folding Chair Sleigh [384]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3422\absh-1402\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17025\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m58162482.jpg}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 2-Folding Chair Sleigh Bottom }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3595\absh-2554\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62337\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1b003dd1.jpg}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 3-Folding Chair Sleigh-Top Parts Disconnected }
\par 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2026\absh-1934\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51201\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m255603a1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 4-Folding Chair Sleigh Open }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A folding chair sleigh is even more enjoyable and convenient than the device just described. If the ice pond is far from home this may be placed under your arm and carried where you}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex108 like. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The illustrations, Figs. 2 and 3, show all the parts as they should look before}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3422\absh-912\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51233\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3e68c029.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 6-Folding Chair Sleigh Closed}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-62\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-62\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex122  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 being joined together. The seat may be made of a piece of canvas or carpet. The hinges are of leather. Figure 4 shows the folding chair sleigh after it has been put together. Skates are em\-ployed for the runners. The skates may be strapped on or taken off
 when\-ever desired. When the chair is lifted the supports slip from the notches on the side bars and fall on the runner bars. The chair is then folded up so that it can be carried by a small boy. With regular metal hinges and light timbers a very handsome 
chair can be constructed that will also afford an ornamental lawn chair for summer. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-62\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Toboggan Sled [384]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the snow is very deep a to\-boggan sled is the thing for real sport. The runners of the ordinary sled break through the crust of the deep snow, blocking the progress, and spoiling the fun. The toboggan sled, with its broad, smooth bottom, glides along 
over the soft surface with perfect ease. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 To make the toboggan sled, secure two boards each }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 10 }{\charscalex108 ft. long and }{\charscalex113 1 }{\charscalex108 ft. wide and so thin that they can be easily bent. Place the boards beside each other and join them together with cross sticks. Screw the boards to the cross stick from the bottom and be s
ure that the heads of the screws are buried deep enough in the wood to not protrude, {{\*\updnprop5801}\dn8  }so }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3029\absh-1402\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert17025\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m39ff6b57.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex122{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 6-The Toboggan }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 that the bottom will present an abso\-lutely smooth surface to the snow. Fasten two side bars to the top of the cross sticks and screw them firmly. In some instances the timbers are fastened together by strings, a groove being cut m the bottom of the boards
 so as to keep the strings from protruding and being ground to pieces. After the side bars are securely fastened, bend the ends of the boards over and tie them to the ends of the front cross bar to hold them in position. See Fig. 6. The strings for keeping
 the boards bent must be very strong. Pieces of stout wire, or a slender steel rod, are even better. The toboggan slide is the fa\-vored device of sport among the boys in Canada, where nearly every boy knows how to make them. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Norwegian Ski. [384]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 You have often read of the ski, the snowshoe used by the Norwegians and other people living in the far north. With them the men and women glide down the snow-covered mountain sides, leap across ditches, run races and have all kinds of sport. They are just }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20
{\charscalex107 as amusing to the American boy who has ever learned to manipulate them, and it is wonderful how much skill can be attained in their use. Any boy with a little mechanical ingenuity can make a pair of skis (pronounced skees). They can be made from two barrel
 staves. Select staves of straight grained wood. Sharpen the ends of each and score each end by cutting grooves in the wood, as shown in the cut, Fig. 7. A pocket knife or small gouge will suffice for this work. Then smear the end of the staves with oil an
d hold them close to a hot fire until they can be bent so as to tip the toes upward, as shown in the picture, Fig. 7. Then with a cord bind the staves as they are bent and permit them to remain thus tied until they retain the curved form of their own accor
d. Now screw on top of each ski a little block, just broad and high enough to fit in front of the heels of your shoe. Fasten a strap in front of }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3086\absh-1555\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51265\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4741fb79.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Home-Made Skis }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi408\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 each block through which to slip your toes, and the skis are made. The inside of the shoe heel should press firmly against the block and the toe be held tightly under the strap. This will keep the skis on your feet. Now procure a stick with which to steer 
and hunt a snow bank. At first you will afford more amusement to onlookers than to yourself, for the skis have a way of try\-ing to run in opposite directions, cross\-wise and various ways, but with prac\-tice you will soon become expert in their manipulation
. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Settee [385]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Many people have old wooden beds stored away which can easily be made into handy settees like the one shown in the accompanying photograph. A few nails and one-half dozen 3-in. screws are all the materials necessary besides the old bed. The tools needed ar
e a saw, hammer and a screwdriver. The head-board, if too high, can be cut }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3590\absh-4286\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert52801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_357ed34a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Settee Made from Old Wooden Bed }
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 off and some of the ornaments replaced. The footboard must be cut in two to make the ends or arms of the settee. The side rails and a few of the slats are used in making the seat. --Contributed by Wm. F. Hild, Lake Forest, Ill. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Enameling a Bicycle Frame [385]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make an enamel by mixing 2 oz. burnt umber with 1 qt. boiled oil, heat\-ing, and then adding 1 oz. asphaltum. Keep the mass hot until thoroughly mixed, says the Master Painter. Thin with turpentine while still hot. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Use a camel's hair brush for applying the enamel and allow it to set; then place the article in an oven, bake for six or eight hours at a temperature of 250 deg. F. When cool rub down with steel wool. Apply a finishing coat and allow it to bake eight hours
 at 250 deg. F. Rub down with a soft rag, varnish and bake again at 200 deg. F. Heat and cool the frame gradually each time. Black enamel is easiest to apply and bakes hardest, but requires a tempera\-ture of 300 deg. Colors can be baked at from 200 to 250 
deg.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Sewing Bag [386]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very practical and novel sewing bag for odds and ends necessary for mending, etc., can be made of a fold\-ing camp stool. If an old stool is not }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3586\absh-2045\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59809\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7ecdf6c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Camp-Stool Work Bag }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 at hand, a new one can be purchased for 25 cents. Remove the top or seat, which is usually made of a piece of carpet, then make a bag as shown in Fig. 1 and stitch a heavy cord around the top to make it strong. Make pock\-ets on the inside as shown and nail
 the bag to the two crosspieces on which the ends of the carpet were tacked. Large, brass furniture nails should be used. Attach a small hook and eye on each end and fasten two leather handles to the crosspieces. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Such a bag requires little room when folded and can be stored in a closet when not in use. --Contributed by Joseph Ledwinka, Philadelphia, Pa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Roller Skates [386]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The rubber-tired wheels of an old carpet sweeper can be used to advan\-tage in making a pair of roller skates. In Fig. 1 is shown how an iron washer or two}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex108 may be fastened to the wood with a piece of sheet metal to support }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3667\absh-1450\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert38817\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m43b4d607.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1\tx1935{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex105 Rubber Tired Roller Skate }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105\tx1\tx1935{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the short axles of the wheels. The wheels are oiled through the holes A and B, Fig. 2. These holes should be smaller than the axles. The two side pieces are fastened together with a board nailed on the top edges, as shown. This board also furnishes the fla
t top for the shoe sole. Two straps are attached for fastening the skate to the shoe. --Contributed by Thos. De Loof, Grand Rapids, Mich.}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Adjuster for Flexible Electric Wires [386]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The accompanying illustration shows an adjuster for changing the drop of an electric light. The main feature of this adjuster is that it can be removed from the cord at any time. The adjuster is made from a piece of wood, 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, 2 in. wide and 3 in
. long. A 1/4 in. hole is bored in the center near each end of the wood and a slot cut from }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3422\absh-2050\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert53217\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_628e2c71.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Can Be Taken from the Cord }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the holes to the outside edge, as shown in Fig. 1. It is attached to the flexible cord as shown in Fig. 2. --Contributed by J.J. Voelcker; Decatur, Ill. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Making Photographs on Watch Dials [386]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Beat to a foam the white of an egg, with the addition of a little ammonia. Add 9 oz. and 3 dr. of water and beat again. After the egg has settled, filter and let the liquid run over the dial, which has been previously cleaned with ammonia. When the surplus
 has run off, coat with the mixture and allow to dry. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A sensitive collodion is now produced as follows: Dissolve 9 gr. of chloride of zinc in 5 dr. of alcohol; add 7-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex74  }{\charscalex108 gr. of collodion cotton and 6-1/2}{\charscalex74  }{\charscalex108 dr. of ether. Shake the whole forcibly. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Dissolve 23 gr. of nitrate of silver in hot water, add 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex76  }{\charscalex107 dr. of alcohol and keep the whole solution by heating. The silver solution is now added in small quantities at a time to the col\-lodion, which must be well settled. This, of course, is done in th
e dark room. After 24 hours the emulsion is filtered by passing it through cotton moistened with alcohol. This durable collodion emulsion is now flowed thinly upon the prepared watch dial, which, after the collodion has coagu\-lated, is moved up and down in
 distilled }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 water until the fatty stripes disappear. The water is then changed once, and after a short immersion, the dial is left to dry on a piece of blotting paper. It is now ready for exposure. Expose under magnesium light and develop with a citrate oxalic develop
er, or in the following hydroquinone developer: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hydroquinone \'85\'85\'85\'85 1 dr. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bromide of potassium .... 6 dr. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1\tldot\tqr\tx2246\tldot\tqr\tx2990{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex115 Sulphite of soda \tab \'85\'85\'85.. 1-1/2}{\charscalex65  }{\charscalex115 oz. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex115 Carbonate of soda \tab \'85\'85... 2-2/3 dr. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Water \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..   14 oz. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After fixing and drying, coat with a transparent positive varnish. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Overhead Trolley Coaster [387]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch shows a playground trolley line which furnished a great deal of amusement to many children at a minimum cost. The wire, which is 3/16 in. in diameter, was stretched between a tree and a barn across a vacant quarter block. The streng
th of the wire was first tested by a heavy man. When not in use the wire is unhooked from the tree and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7546\absh-4373\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert18017\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_24796e8f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Trolley and How It Is Used }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 hauled into the barn and coiled loosely in the hay loft. The wire was made taut for use by a rope which was fas\-tened to the beams in the barn. The trolley was made, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, of strips of wood bolted with stove bolts on two grooved pulley
s. The middle wide board was made of hardwood. The wheels were taken from light pulley blocks and stove bolts were purchased from a local hardware store to accurately fit the hubs. As it was necessary to keep the bearings greased, we used vaseline. This co
aster made great sport for the youngsters and at no time were they in dan\-ger of a serious fall as the line was hung low and the slant of the wire was moderate. --Contributed by H. J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex107 Hol\-den, Palm Springs, Calif. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Electric Furnace Regulator [388]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-96\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0  We have a furnace in our house and a part of my work each evening last winter was to go down in the basement at 9 o'clock, fill the furnace with coal for the night and stay there until it was burning in good shape, then to close the draft door. As this pe
rform\-ance requires from twenty to thirty }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7349\absh-6192\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert5985\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6013cf66.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Furnace Regulator Construction }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 minutes I concluded to make a self\--acting device which would close the draft and leave the furnace safe, with\-out any further attention on my part, after putting in the coal and opening it up to burn. As some other boys may like to build the same regulato
r I will tell just how to make one and how it operates.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Referring to Fig. 1, you will see a straight cord is attached to the draft door of the furnace, D, and is run over the pulley P and finally is attached to a small piece of iron{{\*\updnprop5801}\dn8}{\f4  }H. This piece of iron is hinged to 1. To the other side of H another cord G is 
fastened, which passes over the pulley N and termin\-ates in any convenient place in the rooms above. This piece of iron H is held in place by the release A. Now C is a coil of wire from a door bell. R is an armature which works A on pivot J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex106 M is a U-tube}{\charscalex113\i ,
 }{\charscalex106 filled with mercury, one end being connected to a half liter glass flask F by the tube T, and the other end terminates in an overflow tube O. B is a battery of three bi\-chromate cells which are connected up with the C and the platinum points 1--2, which a
re fused into the U-tube. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 On fixing the furnace the iron piece H takes position X, this being the nor\-mal position when draft door D is closed. On arriving upstairs I pull the cord G, which causes the piece H to become fixed}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex88  }{\charscalex106 in the vertical position }{\charscalex107 by means of A. This opens the dr
aft door at the same time. Now when the furnace heats up sufficiently it causes the air to expand in F, which causes the mercury in M to rise a little above the point 2. This immediately causes a current to flow through C which in turn draws R towards it, 
raises A and causes H to drop to position X. This shuts the furnace door. Now the fur\-nace, of course, cools down, thus caus\-ing the air in F to contract and conse\-quently opening the circuit through C. If at any time the furnace should over\-heat, the rais
ing of A, on which is grounded a wire from a signal bell up\-stairs, will make a circuit through the bell by means of the point Z and wire leading therefrom. This bell also serves to tell me whether H has dropped or not. This same device of regulating the d
raft D can be used to regulate the damper, found on the coal doors of most furnaces, by simply fus\-ing a platinum point on the other side of M and changing the cord which is at\-tached to D. A two-contact switch could also be inserted to throw con\-nections 
from 2 to 3. It would work in this manner: The damper door, of course, which keeps a low fire, would be up in a position similar to D; on the furnace cooling too much, connec\-tion, due to contracting of air in F, would be made through 3 and C, caus\-ing H t
o drop, thus closing door. This simple device worked very well all last winter and gave me no trouble what\-ever. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If you cannot readily procure a U-\-tube, you can make one, as I did, and the work is interesting. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The U-tube is constructed in the fol\-lowing manner. A glass tube is closed at one end. This is done by holding the tube in one corner of a gas flame, somewhat near the dark area (A, Fig. 2), and constantly turning the tube, when it will be found that the g
lass has melted together. Now, after it is cool, about 3 or 4 in. from the sealed end, the tube is held steadily so that the flame will heat one small portion ( B, Fig. 2 ). After this small portion is heated blow into the tube, not very hard, but just eno
ugh to cause tube to bulge out. Allow to cool. Then re\-heat the small bulged portion, blow quite hard, so that the glass will be blown out at this point, forming a small hole. Now insert about 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex107 in. of plat\-inum wire and reheat, holding platinum }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3298\absh-1834\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27297\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_a717ce2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-76\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Making the U-Tube }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-76\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 wire by means of a small pliers so that it will be partly in the tube and partly without. The platinum will stick to the glass, and if glass is sufficiently heated one will be able to pull it, by means of pliers, from one side of the hole to the other, thu
s sealing the wire into the tube. Another wire is sealed in the same way about 1 in. from the first. Now, to bend the tube, one must hold it, with both hands, in the flame and turn constantly until soft. Quickly withdraw from flame and bend, just as you wo
uld a piece of copper wire. Allow to cool slowly. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The several tubes are connected with a short piece of rubber tubing. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The total cost of materials for con\-structing the apparatus complete will not amount to more than one dollar. --Contributed by M. G. Kopf, Lewis Institute, Chicago.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Weatherproofing for Tents [389]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Dissolve 4 oz. sulphate of zinc in 10 gal. water; add 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 lb. sal-soda; stir well until dissolved, and add 1/2}{\charscalex69  }{\charscalex107 oz. tartaric acid. Put the tent cover in this solu\-tion and let lie 24 hrs. Take out (do not wring it) and hang up to dry. \-Grinnell's Hand Book 
on Painting. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Sawing Sheet Metal [389]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sheet metal placed between two boards in the jaws of a vise and clamped tightly, can be sawed easily with a hacksaw.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Monoplane Weather Vane [390]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The toy windmill or weather vane shown in the sketch is made to repre\-sent a Bl}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20\'e9{\charscalex107 riot monoplane.  The propeller is turned by the wind. The frame is made of heavy wire and con\-nected with straps of tin. The con\-struction is plainly shown in the illus\-tration
. The windmill vane can be made in any size to suit the builder. --Contributed by W. C. Bliss, St. Louis, Missouri.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3859\absh-4219\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9857\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1fced315.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wire and Sheet-Metal Vane }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Minnow Trap [390]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Glass minnow traps that will give as good service as those purchased at the tackle store can be made without diffi\-culty. If a trap should be banged care\-lessly against the side of the boat or some other obstruction and smashed, instead of spending several
 dollars to replace it, a half hour's time will turn out a new one just as good, says a correspondent of Outing. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A trap of this kind can be made from an ordinary fruit jar such as used in putting up preserves, either of one or two-quart capacity. A one-quart jar gives good results, but if the bait to be caught is of fairly large size, the two\- quart size may be used.
 As the jars have the same style top they can be used interchangeably with one mouth\-piece. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The mouthpiece is made of a round\- neck bottle of which the glass is color\-less and rather thin. If the neck of the bottle is cut at the right point, it makes a glass funnel that will just fit into the fruit jar. The funnel forms the mouth of the trap. Put
 the neck of the bottle into the fruit jar and mark the glass with a file where the bottle and jar meet. Make as deep a cut as possible with a file around the bottle on the mark and place two turns of a yarn string saturated in kerosene around just below t
he cut when the bottle is standing in an upright posi\-tion. Set fire to the string and turn the bottle from side to side to distrib\-ute the heat evenly, then when the string has burned out, plunge the bot\-tle in cold water and it will separate on the cut. 
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Bind some copper wire around the neck of the jar so that three ends will project 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex80\i  }{\charscalex107 in. or more. These are bent down over the funnel when put into the jar, forming clamps to hold it in place. The copper wire can be bent many times in emptying or baiting t
he trap without breaking. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two copper wire bands are tied tightly around the jar about 3 in. apart. They should be twisted tight with a pair of pliers and the ends joined, forming a ring for attaching a cord. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For catching "kellies" or "killies," bait the trap with crushed clams or salt-water mussels and for fresh water shiners use mincemeat or bread crumbs and do not spill any bait outside of the trap. Leave the trap down ten to fif\-teen minutes and when resett
ing it after emptying, put back one or two of the victims, as the others enter more readily if they see some of their companions ahead of them.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Remedy for Leaking Fountain Pens [390]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fountain-pen leaks may often be prevented by unscrewing the joint and lightly smearing the screw with vase\-line. This also makes it easy to unscrew the joint for filling. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Kites of Many Kinds and How to Make Them [391]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 One of the prettiest of all is the but\-terfly kite. To make this get two thin kite sticks of equal length. Bend each in an are, tying one end of a strong string to one end of each stick and the other end of the string to a point about 3 in. from the other 
end of the stick. This leaves one end of each stick free, hooking over the hemisphere de\-scribed by the thread and the stick. Now tie another thread to }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1550\absh-2040\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_33b2bc4f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Boy Kite }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 each of these free ends and tie the other end of the thread to a point near the other end of the stick, corresponding with the distance from the end at which the first strings were tied on the oppo\-site side. This done, you should have two arched frames, e
ach an exact coun\-terpart of the other in size, curvature and weight. Now fasten the two frames together so that the arcs will overlap each other as shown in the sketch. Bind the intersecting points securely with thread. To make the butterfly's head, secur
e two heavy broom straws or two short wires, and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1622\absh-2842\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24545\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3f53e1ee.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Girl Kite }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 attach them to the top part of the wing frames near where the sticks intersect, so that the straws or wires will cross. These form the antennae, or the "smellers." Then select the color of paper you want, yellow, brown, blue, white or any other color; lay 
it on a flat surface and place the frame on top of it, holding the frame down securely with a weight. Then with a pair of scissors cut the pa\-per around the frame, leaving about a 1/2-in. margin for pasting. Cut slits in the paper about 2 in. apart around 
the curves and at all angles to keep the paper from wrinkling when it is pasted. Distribute the paste with a small brush and make the overlaps a little more than 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex106 in. wide and press them }{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3331\absh-3840\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2273\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_257cc915.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Butterfly Kite }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 together with a soft cloth. When the kite is dry decorate it with paint or strips of colored paper in any de\-sign you may fancy. The best ef\-fects are produced by pasting pieces of colored paper on top of the other pa\-per. Black paper decorations show up t
o fine advantage when the kite is in flight. Attach the "belly-band" to the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2357\absh-3528\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert2817\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_56f2d01e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Frame for Girl Kite }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 curved sticks by punching a hole in the paper in the same man\-ner as it is attached to the common hexagonal or coffin-shaped kite. With a tail,}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\b  }{\charscalex106 your kite is ready to fly. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Another interesting design is the boy kite. With light colored coat and vest and gay striped trousers, the kite stand\-ing high in the air always attracts at}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 tention and affords splendid sport for the American youth in springtime. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In making a boy kite it should be remembered that the larger the boy is the better he will fly. To construct the frame, two straight sticks, say 3-1/2 ft. long, should serve for the legs and }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3173\absh-3374\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36833\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6ce9f632.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Frame for Boy Kite }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 body; another straight stick forms the spine and should be about 2 ft. 4 in. long. For the arms, get a fourth straight stick about 3 ft. 3 in. long. Make the frame for the head by bend\-ing a light tough stick in a circle about 7 in. in diameter. Bind it ti
ghtly with a strong thread and through its center run the spine. Then tack on the arm stick 3 in. under the circle so that the spinal column crosses the arm stick ex\-actly in the center. Wrap tightly with strong thread and tack on the two sticks that are t
o serve for the legs and body. The leg sticks should be fast\-ened to the arm stick about 6 in. on either side of the spinal column, and crossed so that the other ends are 3 ft. apart. Tack them and the arm stick together at the point where they inter\-sect.
 Small hoops and cross stick of the same material as the head frame should be fastened to both extremities of the arm stick and the lower ends of the leg stick for the hands and feet. See that both hand frames are exactly alike and exercise equal caution r
egard\-ing the foot frames; also see that the arm stick is at exact right angles with the spine stick and that the kite joints are all firmly tied and the kite evenly balanced; otherwise it may be lopsided. Fasten on the strings of the frame, be\-ginning at 
the neck at equal distances from the spine, as indicated by the dotted lines in the diagram. Extend a string slantingly from the arms tick to the head on both sides of the spinal column, and run all the other strings as shown in the cut, being careful that
 both sides of the frame correspond in measurements. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 To cover the kite, select different colors of paper to suit your taste, and after pasting them together, lay the paper on the floor and placing the frame on it, cut out the pattern. Leave an edge of  1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. all around and make a slit in this edge every 6 
in. and at each angle; make the slits 2 in. apart around the head. After the kite is}{\charscalex110  }{\charscalex107 pasted and dry, paint the buttons, hair, eyes, hands, feet, etc., as you desire. Arrange the "belly band" and tail band and attach the kite string in the same manner as in
 the ordinary coffin-shaped kite. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The "lady kite" is made on the same principle as the boy kite. The frame may be made exactly as the boy kite and then "dressed" with tissue paper to represent a girl, or it may be made on the special frame, page 81. Remem\-ber the dotted lines represent the
 strings or thread, and the other lines indicate the kite sticks. Be careful with your measurements so that each side of the kite corresponds exactly and is well balanced. Also see that every point where the sticks intersect is firmly tacked and bound. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 To cover the kite, first paste together pieces of tissue paper of different color to suit your taste. The paste should be made of flour and water and boiled. Make the seams or overlaps not quite 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90  }{\charscalex107 in. wide. Lay the paper on the floor, using weights to ho
ld it down, and place the frame of the kite upon it. Then cut out the paper around the frame, leaving an edge of 1/2} {\charscalex107 in. Don't forget to make a slit in the edge every 6 or 7 in. and at each angle. Around the head the slits are cut 2 in. apart, as in the ca
se of the boy kite. After the kite is dry, paint the paper as your fancy dic\-tates. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make the breast band, punch holes through the paper, one upon each side of the leg sticks, just above the bottom, and one upon each side of the arm sticks at the shoulder. Run one end of the string through the hole at the bottom of the left limb and tie
 it to the leg stick; tie the other end at the right shoulder. Fasten one end of another string of the same length at the bot\-tom of the right leg; pass the string up across the first band and tie the other end at the left shoulder. Attach the kite string 
to the breast band at the point where the two strings intersect. Tie the knot so that you can slide the kite string up or down until it is prop\-erly adjusted. The tail band is made by tying a string to the leg sticks at the bottom of the breast band. Let t
he string hang slack below the skirt and attach the tail to the center. The same general rules apply in attaching the string and tail to the boy kite. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 You can make the lady look as if dancing and kicking in the clouds by making the feet of stiff pasteboard and allowing them to hang loose from the line which forms the bottom of the skirt. The feet will move and sway with each motion of the kite.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex200{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make Rubber Stamps [393]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 India rubber, especially prepared for stamp-making, should be procured from a dealer or manufacturer, if good re\-sults are to be obtained. As an experi\-ment, it is possible for an amateur to prepare the rubber, but, in such cases, it is always attended wit
h uncertain results. The mixed uncured rubber comes in white sheets, strong, firm and about 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex91\i  }{\charscalex107 in. thick, and for its manipu\-lation a press is indispensable, but can be home-made. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For the base of the press use a piece of iron, having two holes drilled in it at the middle of opposite sides, through which pass bolts, letting the thread ends extend upward and counter-sink\-ing places for the bolt heads to keep the under side of the base
 level. Solder the bolts in place at the base. The upper part of the press, or the platen, is also of iron, cut so it can be swung }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3533\absh-3466\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36769\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4866b1be.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fish Kettle Vulcanizer }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi993\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 off the bolts, rather than by removing the nuts and lifting it off. String a half dozen nuts, larger than those which screw on, on each bolt, so that when the upper nut on each is screwed }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex120\f4 to }{\charscalex107 the extent of the thread the pressure will be communicated throug
h the nuts wedged in between the platen and the upper nut. The bolt holes in the platen should be directly over those in the base. Distance pieces of an exact thick\-ness should be provided for use on the base; these serve to keep the pressure even. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 In preparing the mould, if type is to be copied, use rather large type with wide spaces and set up with high quads and spaces, or the type faces may be filled up by rubbing with either wax, or soap, lightly brushing off any that remains loose. The type so 
set should be locked into a frame. This may be made of two pieces of wood bolted to\-gether at both ends, or of printer's fur\-niture. Place it on a flat surface (mar\-ble is good, but any perfectly smooth surface will do) and place distance pieces 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex74\i\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. hi
gher than its upper sur\-face on either side of it. Apply olive oil to the type faces and wipe off any excess. To form the matrix or reverse of the model, take a piece of iron larger than the inscription to be copied, and spread upon it to a depth of 1/4 in
, a putty made by mixing plaster of paris }{\charscalex108 and water to the right consistency. By means of a table knife spread the plas\-ter smoothly and then invert the plate upon the model and press down until }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3326\absh-3139\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert46849\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2a9a2915.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Vulcanizing Press for Rubber Stamps }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the distance pieces are struck. Let it set 10 minutes and then remove. If care has been taken the matrix will be perfect. After it has thoroughly dried, preferably in an oven, saturate it with an alcoholic solution of shellac to strengthen it. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut a piece of smooth rubber, large enough to cover the matrix, from the sheet, throw this into a box of talc, or powdered soapstone, so that it receives a coating on both sides; dust a little of the powder over the matrix, also. Place the press on a suppo
rt over a gas burn\-er; or a kerosene lamp, and apply the heat. Place the matrix on the base of the press, dust off the piece of india rubber and place in the press upon the matrix and screw down the platen. Heat the press to 284 deg. F. and keep screwing d
own the platen so that the rubber, now soft and putty-like, is forced into every recess of the matrix. A thermometer is not necessary; some rubber always protrudes and the stage of the process can be told from that. At first it is quite elastic, then as th
e heat increases it becomes soft, then the curing begins and it again becomes elastic, so that, if a point of a knife blade is pressed against it, it resumes its shape when the point is removed. When this takes place it is then thor\-oughly vulcanized and t
he sheet can be removed from the matrix. Ten minutes, under favorable conditions, is suf\-ficient time for moulding the rubber. By means of common glue, or bicycle tire cement, fasten the rubber stamp to a wooden handle.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is possible to dispense with the press in making stamps, where the work is not done in quantities, and use a hot flat-iron. The matrix is placed on a stove at low heat, the rubber laid on and the hot iron applied. But a few moments are required to mould
 it. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An old letter press if it be inclosed in a tin oven makes a good press, or all the necessary materials and appa\-ratus can be purchased from a dealer. Any type such as all printers use will answer.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex192{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Light a Gaslight Without Matches [394]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is probably well known that if you rub your feet briskly over a carpet on a dry, cold day and then touch any metal\-lic object with your finger it will emit a small spark. The following amusing experi\-ment may be done on the same principle: }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1934\absh-2731\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33217\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7bb76d1f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Take any small piece of wire about 2 in. long and twist it around a gas \-burner as shown at A in the sketch. Have the tip of the burner about 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex84\i  }{\charscalex108 in. below the end of the wire. The wire must be just far enough away from the center of the burner to keep it 
out of the flame, or else it will melt. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now get a friend to turn on the gas when you are ready for it. Go around the room once or twice rubbing your feet along the carpet. When you come around to the gaslight touch the point of the wire and if the gas is turned on, the light will flare right up 
as if it had been lit with a match. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi182\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This experiment cannot be done on a damp day or without shoes, and works best in cold weather. --Contributed by E. H. Klipstein. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How To Make a Trap For Rabbits, Rats and Mice [395]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi168\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 From an old 6-in. pine fence board cut off four pieces 2-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex76  }{\charscalex107 ft. long and one 6 in. square for the end of the trap and another 4 in. by 8 in. for the door. Use old boards, as new boards scare rab\-bits. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Figure 1 shows how the box is made. I}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex171\f4 t }{\charscalex107 should be 4 in. wide and 6 in. high }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6638\absh-2798\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert50753\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4f6e9665.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Good Trap for Small Animals }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 on the inside. The top and bottom boards project 1 in. beyond the side boards at the back and the end board is set in. The top board should be 2 in. shorter than the sides at the front. Nail a strip on the top board back of the door and one on the bottom b
oard so the game cannot push the door open from inside the trap and get out. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the middle of the top board bore a hole and put a crotched stick in for the lever to rest on. Bore another hole in the top of the door for the lever to pass through. Two inches from the back of the box bore a hole for the trigger, which should be made o
ut of heavy wire in the manner shown in Fig. 2. The door of the trap must work easily and loosely. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Novel Electric Motor [395]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The materials necessary to make this motor are an old electric bell of the "buzzer" type and a cogwheel from an old clock. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove the hammer-head and gong from the bell, then bend the end of the hammer into a loop, as in Fig. 1. Now make a little wire catch like Fig. 2, and fasten its loop into the loop of the hammer. Mount the bell on a small board as in Fig. 3 and fasten the
 cogwheel almost on a line with it. Now press down the hammer and place a nail in the position shown in the dia\-gram so that the catch touches one of the teeth. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fasten the board in an upright posi\-tion and attach two dry batteries to the binding-posts. If properly connected, the fly-wheel will turn quite rapidly and with amazing force for so small a machine. The machine, however, has a fixed direction as shown by 
the arrow, but the belting can be arranged so as to send the models in a reversed direc\-tion if required. The materials for the motor should not cost more than }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3461\absh-3552\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert35009\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m17546270.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Novel Electric Motor }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 25c for the bell and if you have an old bell it will cost next to nothing. --Con\-tributed by Fred C. Curry, Brockville, Ontario. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Print Photographs on Silk [396]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Silk, satin or any other fine material can be used to make photographic prints, but the most attractive results for the amateur are obtained on silk, the best color for this purpose being either cream or white, says Photog\-raphy. The chemicals required are
 only four in number, and a compara\-tively small amount of each will suf\-fice, so that the process can be tried without any very great outlay. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A dram of dextrine is mixed with 2 oz. of water and allowed to dissolve. It is then made up to 4 oz. with boil\-ing water, and, when cold, a solution of 1 dr. of ammonium chloride in 2 oz. of water is added. As this mixture does not keep well, it should be 
used as soon as possible after being made up. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The silk is soaked in the liquid until it is thoroughly saturated, which should take about four or five minutes, and it is then hung up to dry, suspending it, tightly stretched, from its two top corners. The fabric when "salted," as this operation is terme
d, will keep indefinitely. All these operations can be done in daylight. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The next stage is the application of the sensitizer, for which purpose the two following solutions must be made up and then mixed: }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Silver nitrate \tab 120 gr. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Water\tab \tab  1 {\charscalex110 oz. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Citric acid\tab 50 gr. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 Water\tab \tab {\charscalex119 1oz. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The mixture is spread evenly over the silk with a soft camel's-hair brush. There must be no metal in the mount\-ing of the brush that is used. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Particular care must be taken to see that no particle of the surface of the silk is left uncovered. The best way to insure this is to brush the liquid over the silk, first in one direction and then crosswise. The process of sen\-sitizing must be done in a w
eak artificial light, such as at night by ordinary gas or lamp light, or in the very feeblest daylight. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The silk is then again fastened up and allowed to dry, but it is now sensitive to the light and the drying must therefore be done in the dark. It is ready for printing as soon as it is dry, and as it does not keep well in the sensitive condition, it should
 be used up within a few days at the most. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The printing, which is done in day\-light, is carried on in the same way as for printing-out papers, except that the silk should be printed a little darker than usual. It will be found con\-venient to gum the edges slightly, and then to fix the silk on a sti
ff piece of paper before putting it into the print\-ing frame. If this precaution is not adopted there is a tendency for the silk to slip or crease when it is being ex\-amined. The silk must be handled carefully while in the printing frame for this reason, b
ut apart from that, there is no particular difficulty. The paper can be taken off when the print\-ing is finished. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Prints on silk are toned, fixed and washed in the same way as}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex109 ordinary silver prints. The washing should be thorough, and before the prints are quite dry, they should be ironed to re\-move all creases. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing Old Paint [396]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A chair more than a hundred years old came to me by inheritance. It was originally painted green and had been given two coats of dark paint or var\-nish within the last 30 years. Desiring to improve the appearance of the relic, I decided to remove the paint
 and give it a mahogany stain. The usual paint removers would readily take off the two latter coats but had no effect upon the first. I tried to remove the trouble\-some green in various ways, but with little success until I applied a hot, sat\-urated soluti
on of concentrated lye. By coating the paint with this repeat\-edly, applying one coat upon another for two days, and then using a stiff brush, the layer was easily and com\-pletely removed. --Contributed by Thos. R. Baker, Chicago, Ill. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Window Lock [397]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bore a hole through the sash of the lower window and halfway through the sash of the upper window, where they meet in the center, and insert a heavy nail or spike. This will fasten the sash together so well that nothing short of a crowbar can pry them apar
t. The nail can be easily removed when the windows are to be opened. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Magnifying Glass [397]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very good magnifying glass can be made from an ordinary incandescent lamp of about 16-cp. size which has been rendered useless by being burned out or having the filament broken. Grind or break off the tip end of the globe and fill with water. Put in clea
r water and plug or cork up the hole. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Trailer for a Bicycle [397]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7426\absh-3115\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert46305\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_16adcf9d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex124{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 1 -Trailer Attached to a Bicycle }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Instead of using a seat on the han\-dlebars or frame of a bicycle for my little girl, I made a trailer, as shown in Fig. 1, to attach to the rear axle. I made it from old bicycle parts. The handlebars, which form the back of the seat, fasten into the seat p
ost of an old bicycle attached to the trailer axle. The trailer is attached to the rear axle of the bicycle with two arms or forks, on the ends of which are two forgings, formerly used on the rear ends of a bicycle frame, brazed in, and one of the tube pro
jections cut off from each to make a hook, as shown in}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex137  }{\charscalex108 Fig. 2. The piece marked E shows one of these forgings or hooks in section. The original axle of the bicycle was re\-moved and one 1-5/16 in. longer supplied, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 which was turned below the threads for clearance, as shown at A. A washer, D, with a hexagon hole was fitted over the regular nut C, on the axle, and filed tapering so the forging or hook E, on the trailer attachment, could be kept in position. The washer 
F is held tightly against the hook by pressure from a spring, G. The spring is held in place by a small nut, H, and cotter pin, 1. This attachment makes a flexible joint for turning corners. When turning from right to left the left hook on the trailer fork
 stays in }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3691\absh-1776\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert37441\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2708463d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex124{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 2-The Hook in Position }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 position, while the right hook pushes the washer F outward and relieves the strain on the fork. This attachment also makes it easy to remove the trailer from the bicycle. The washers F are pushed outward and the hook raised off the axle. --Contributed by J
ohn F. Grieves, Providence, R. I. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Telephone Transmitter [398]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The parts for transmitting the sound are encased in a covering, H, made from the gong of an old electric bell. A round button, D, is turned or filed from the carbon electrode of an old }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2002\absh-2064\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62241\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3ad86409.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 dry cell and a hole drilled through the center to fit in a binding-post taken from the same battery cell. This but\-ton must be carefully insu\-lated from the shell, H, by running the binding-post through a piece of small rubber tube where it passes through 
the hole and placing a rubber or paper washer, F, under the carbon button, and an insulating washer under the nut on the outside. This will provide one of the terminals of the instrument. Con\-struct a paper tube having the same diameter as the button and w
ith a length equal to the depth of the bell case, less 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 {\charscalex109 in. Glue or paste this tube to the button so it will form a paper cup with a carbon bottom. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The diaphragm, B, which is the es\-sential part of the instrument, should be made as carefully as possible from ferrotype tin, commonly called tintype tin. Cut a circular piece from this metal the exact size of the outside of the shell. A hole is made in th
e center of the disk a little larger than a bind\-ing-post that is taken from another old battery cell. When making the hole in the disk be careful not to bend or crease the tin. Scrape the black coating from the tin around the outside about 1/4 in. wide an
d a place about 1 in. in diameter at the center. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The second electrode, C, is made the same as D, and fastened to the tin dia\-phragm with the binding post without using any insulation. A third binding \-post, G, is fastened to the shell through a drilled hole to make the other ter\-minal. The mouthpiece, A,
 may be turned from wood in any shape de\-sired, but have a flange on the back side that will make a tight fit with the outside of the shell. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fill the paper tube with powdered carbon, E, which can be made by pounding and breaking up pieces of carbon to about the size of pin heads. Powdered carbon can be purchased, but if you make it be sure to sift out all the very fine particles. Assemble the p
arts as shown and the transmitter is ready for use. If speech is not heard distinctly, put in a little more, or re\-move some of the carbon and try it out until you get the instrument work\-ing nicely. --Contributed by Harold H. Cutter, Springfield, Mass. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Quickly Made Lawn Tent [398]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very simple way of erecting a lawn tent for the children is to take a large umbrella such as used on delivery wagons and drive the handle into the ground deep enough to hold it solid. Fasten canvas or cotton cloth to the ends of the ribs and let it hang 
so that the bottom edge will touch the ground. Light ropes can be tied to the ends of the ribs and fastened to stakes driven in the ground in a tent-like manner to make the whole more substantial and to stand against a heavy wind. This makes an ex\-ceptiona
lly fine tent, as the umbrella }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3638\absh-3154\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16289\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7d1eb9a8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lawn Tent Complete }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 is waterproof; also, there is more room to stand up in than in a tent that is in the shape of a wigwam.-Con\-tributed by J.A. Whamer, Schenec\-tady, N. Y. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Windmill of One or Two Horsepower for Practical Purposes [399]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A windmill for developing from 1/2 to 2 hp. may be constructed at home, the expense being very small and the results highly satisfactory. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The hub for the revolving fan wheel is first constructed. One good way to get both the hub, lining, shaft and spokes for the blades, is to go to a wheelwright's and purchase the wheel and axle of some old rig. There are always a number of discarded carriag
es, wagons or parts thereof in the rear of the average blacksmith's shop. Some\-times for half a dollar, and often for nothing, you can get a wheel, an axle, and connected parts. Remove from the wheel, all but the four spokes needed for the fans as in Fig. 
1. The same hub, axle and bearings will do. In case you cannot secure a wheel and shaft, the hub may be made from a piece of hard\-wood, about 4 in. in diameter and 6 in. long. A 2-in. hole should be bored through for a wooden shaft, or a 1-1/2-in. hole for
 a metal shaft. The hub may be secured by putting two or three metal pins through hub and shaft. Ad\-just the spokes by boring holes for them and arrange them so that they extend from the center A, like B. The wheel is then ready for the blades. These }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3307\absh-3086\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_597e2253.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 blades should be of sheet metal or thin hardwood. The sizes may vary accord\-ing to the capacity of the wheel and amount of room for the blades on the spokes. Each one is tilted so as to receive the force of the wind at an an\-gle, which adjustment causes th
e wheel to revolve when the wind pressure is }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3533\absh-4819\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert37537\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m60f19dcd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 strong enough. Secure the blades to the spokes by using little metal cleats, C and D. Bend these metal strips to suit the form of the spokes and flatten against the blades and then insert the screws to fasten the cleats to the wood. If sheet metal blades a
re used, rivets should be used for fastening them. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The stand for the wheel shaft is shown in Fig. 2. Arrange the base piece in platform order, (J). This is more fully shown in Fig. 5. On top of this base piece, which is about 36 in. long, place the seat or ring for the re\-volving table. The circular seat i
s in\-dicated at I, Fig. 1. This ring is like an inverted cheese box cover with the center cut out. It can be made by a tinner. Size of ring outside, 35 in. The shoulders are 4 in. high and made of tin also. Form the shoulder by solder\-ing the piece on. Thu
s we get a smooth surface with sides for the mill base to turn in so as to receive the wind at each point to advantage. The X-shaped piece H rests in the tin rim. The X-\-form, however, does not show in this sketch, but in Fig. 5, where it is marked S. This
 part is made of two pieces of }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3226\absh-960\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert47969\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m24c09649.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 2-in. plank, about 3 in. wide, arranged so that the two pieces cross to make a letter X. When the pieces join, mor\-tise them one into the other so as to}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex121\i  }{\charscalex107 secure a good joint. Adjust the up\-rights for sustaining the wheel shaft to the X-pieces as shown at E,
 E, Fig. 2. These are 4 by 4 in. pieces of wood, hard pine preferred, planed and securely set up in the X-pieces by mortising into the same. Make the bearings for the }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2712\absh-2400\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert6049\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_224d61b8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 wheel shaft in the uprights and insert the shaft. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The gearing for the transmission of the power from the wheel shaft to the shaft calculated for the delivery of the power at an accessible point below must next be adjusted. The windmill is in\-tended for installation on top of a build\-ing, and the power may
 be transmitted below, or to the top of a stand specially erected for the purpose. It is a good plan to visit some of the second-hand machinery dealers and get four gears, a pulley and a shaft. Gears about 5 in. in diameter and beveled will be re\-quired. A
djust the first pair of the beveled gears as at F and G. If the wheel shaft is metal, the gear may be set-screwed to the shaft, or keyed to it. If the shaft is hardwood, it will be necessary to arrange for a special con\-nection. The shaft may be wrapped wi
th sheet metal and this metal fas\-tened on with screws. Then the gear may be attached by passing a pin through the set-screw hole and through the shaft. The upright shaft like the wheel shaft is best when of metal. This shaft is shown extending from the ge
ar, G, to a point below. The object is to have the shaft reach to the point where the power is received for the service below. The shaft is shown cut off at K. Passing to Fig. 3 the shaft is again taken up at L. It now passes through the arrangement shown,
 which device is rigged up to hold the shaft and delivery wheel P in place. This shaft should also be metal. Secure the beveled gears M and N as shown. These transmit the power from the up\-right shaft to the lower horizontal shaft. Provide the wheel or pul
ley, P, with the necessary belt to carry the power from this shaft to the point of use. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The tail board of the windmill is il\-lustrated in Fig. 4. A good way to make this board is to use a section of thin lumber and attach it to the rear upright, E of Fig. 2. This may be done by boring a hole in the upright and inserting the shaft of the tail-
piece. In Fig. 4 is also shown the process of fastening a gear, R, to the shaft. The set screws enter the hub from the two sides and the points are pressed upon }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2885\absh-3091\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert46689\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2f32cdba.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 the shaft, thus holding the gear firmly in place. The platform for the entire wheel device is shown in Fig. 5. The }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 X-piece S is bored through in the mid\-dle and the upright shaft passes through. The tin run-way or ring is marked T, and the X-piece very rea
dily revolves in this ring, whenever the wind alters and causes the wheel's position to change. The ring and ring base are secured to the platform, U. The latter is made of boards nailed to the timbers of the staging for support\-ing the mill. This staging 
is shown in Fig. 6, in a sectional view. The ring with its X-piece is marked V, the X\--piece is marked W, and the base for the part, and the top of the stage is marked X. The stage is made of 2 by 4-in. stock. The height may vary, ac\-cording to the require
ments. If the affair is set up on a barn or shed, the staging will be sufficient to support the device. But if the stage is constructed direct from the ground, it will be nec\-essary to use some long timbers to get the wheel up high enough to receive the be
nefit of the force of the wind. Proceeding on the plan of the derrick stand, as shown in Fig. 6, a stage of considerable height can be obtained. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Renew Old Dry Batteries [401]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove the paper that covers the cell and knock several good-sized holes in the zinc shell. Place the battery in a glass jar, fill it two-thirds full of strong sal ammoniac (or salt) solution and connect the terminals to whatever ap\-paratus the current is 
to be used for. A few drops of sulphuric acid quickens and improves the action. The output of the cell will be nearly as great as when the battery was first bought.\- --Contributed by C. W. Arbitt, Austin, Texas. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Blue Dye[401]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Prussian blue and Chinese blue are both the same chemically but they do not cut or look the same. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Acetylene lamp [401]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When an acetylene lamp is in good order it will light up slowly with a hissing noise followed by a pure white flame. Should the lamp light up quickly with a yellowish flame, it is a sign of a leak somewhere. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Another Electric Motor [401]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This form of electric motor is used largely in England in the form of an indicator. It is very easily made and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3216\absh-2203\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert52929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6aec06b1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Motor }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 if you have an old electro-magnet will cost practically nothing. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A large soft-iron wheel is mounted on an axle with a pulley-wheel on one end and a circuit breaker on the other end. The teeth on the circuit-breaker must be the same number as on the soft-iron wheel. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The electro-magnet is mounted so that its core is level with the axle and in a line with the wheel. One wire from it is attached to one binding screw and the other end is grounded to the iron frame that supports it. This frame is connected to the frame sup
\-porting the wheel. A small brush presses on the circuit-breaker and is connected to the other binding screw. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In the diagram A represents the iron wheel; B, the brush; C, the circuit \-breaker; D, the magnet. The wire connecting the two frames is shown by a dotted line. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To start the motor, attach your bat\-tery to the screws and turn the wheel a little. The magnet attracts one of' the teeth on the wheel, but as soon as it is parallel with the core of the mag\-net the circuit is broken and the mo\-mentum of the wheel brings a
nother tooth to be attracted. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To reverse the motor reverse the con\-nections and start the wheel the other way. Be sure that the frames are screwed down well or the motor will run jerkily and destroy the connec\-tions. --Contributed by F. Crawford Curry, Brockville, Ontario. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 How to Make {\charscalex112 a }Propelling Vehicle [402]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2357\absh-1574\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36801\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m22e95145.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Any boy, with a little knack and a few odd tools, can rig up various con\-trivances which will be a source of pleasure to himself and oftentimes can be sold, to less ingenious boys, for a snug lit\-tle sum. Any tool a boy can obtain is apt to be of use to hi
m, chisel, bit, jack-knife or hammer. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Figure 1 shows what two boys did with old cycle wheels. They went to some junk shops where the concerns had purchased cast-away bicycles and noticed that there were numerous wheels in very good order that could be selected from among the sets of wheels wit
h broken or bent rims, spokes, burst tires, etc. In fact, the lads had no trouble in getting several sets of bicycle wheels in good condition for very little money. These wheels were taken to the back-yard shop of the boys where the young fellows had rigge
d up a shed-like affair and put in a bench. The previous Christmas one of the boys received a box of tools as a gift, in which was included a little hand vise and the required tools for general boy's hand}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20i\-{\charscalex108 work. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Four of the cycle wheels they used in making the hand-propelled vehicle shown at Fig. 1. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2064\absh-2861\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22753\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_d295920.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A wooden body, A, made of smooth boards rests upon shafts. Fixed on this body is an upright carrying the sprocket B. The upright is a piece of wood about 10 in. high and 4 in. wide, fitted with one of the bearings from the cycle. The regular cycle chain sp
rocket is used at B as well as upon the shaft. The regular chain of the cycle is likewise employed, so, when buying the wheels, it is well to select one or more chains with cor\-responding sprockets from the junk heap. The detail of the adjustment of the pa
rts is shown in next views. The letter D signifies the seat which is a box. The steering gear is a bent iron rod, also found in the waste pile of the junk shop, and is bent to right form by heating and bending over on a rock or any solid matter. The steeri
ng rod is marked E. It fits into a socket in the shaft of the forward wheels. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Figure 2 shows the construction of the cart below. The cog is keyed or set-screwed to the driving shaft of the wheels with either key or set-screw used in original fastening, as the case }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3619\absh-2376\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert63617\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7cc83dee.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi244\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Driving Shaft and Disk for Steering Gear }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 may be. The chain is marked F, and there is a slot cut in the floor of the cart to let the chain pass up and through to the cog on the propelling shaft crank. The disk which receives the steering rod is at G. The forward shaft bears only at the center upon
 a disk of metal, consisting of any circular piece found among the pieces of iron or brass at the junk store. One can get nearly all the mechanical parts in junk establishments that purchase parts of out-of-date or cast-away bicy\-cles. The detail of the dr
iving shaft is shown at Fig. 3. The sprocket wheel is at H and this is just as it is taken from the original bicycle shaft. The bearings consist of wires looped around the shaft and inserted into holes bored in metal plates as shown. These plates are screw
ed to the bottom of the cart. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 The shaft itself is found in rods or even cast-away metal axles which are com\-monly found in most any carriage works, cycle shops or junk dealer's. Figure 4 shows the disk that receives the steering gear. The disk is bored aro
und edges for the securing screws, while the center is open for the steer\-ing rod. When put together, three boys usually ride. One steers and the other two turn the crank. Freight can be carried and some boys do quite an express business in their town with
 one of the carts like this that they made.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Ringing a Bell by Touching a Gas Jet [403]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The experiment of scuffling the feet over a carpet and then producing a spark which will light the gas by touch\-ing the chandelier is described on an\-other page. One of our correspondents says that if a wire is connected to the chandelier and led to one te
rminal of the coherer of a wireless telegraph out\-fit the bell will ring every time the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3485\absh-3730\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert53185\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m468e5a45.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi456\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Touch the Gas Jet and Ring the Bell }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 spark is produced by touching the chandelier, and that, as the chandeliers are all connected by the gas-pipe, the bell will ring, no matter in which room the spark is produced. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Lead Kills Knots [403]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The covering quality will be greatly improved if some dry red lead is added to the shellac varnish used for killing knots.}
\par 
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Wood Turning Lathe Out of an Old Sewing Machine [403]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With a hack-saw, cut off the arm containing the needle on line AB, Fig. 1, leaving the shaft only. On the end of the shaft will be found a round plate, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3442\absh-1757\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert43521\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7662e181.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 in which drill four 3/16-in. holes. Now secure, or have turned, a piece of iron or steel 1-1/2 in. in diameter, Fig. 2. Drill and countersink four 3/16-in. holes in it to fit the holes on the shaft plate. File a spur center 5/16 in. long, and two side poin
ts 3/16 in. long. Bolt this plate to the shaft plate with four flat-headed stove bolts, 3/16 in. in diameter by 5/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 or 3/4 in. long, Fig. 3. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For the bed, use a board 32 in., long and as wide as the base of the machine arm. This gives a limit of 2 ft. be\-tween spur and dead centers. Let this board be made level with the rest of machine table by making a pair of legs if needed. Next make a T-rail
, Fig. 4, of two boards, one 5 by 3/4 by 32 in., the other 3-1/2 by 3/4 by 32 in. Three\-quarter inch of the wider board pro\-jects over each of the smaller boards. Nail firmly and clinch nails, or screw together. Screw this rail on the ma\-chine board so tha
t its center coincides exactly with the machine centers. Bore a number of  3/8-in. holes with centers 2-3/4 in. apart along the center line of this rail, beginning 6 in. from the end nearest the machine. Make another T-rail for slide tool rest, of two piec
es 32 by 3 by 3/4 in., and 32 by 1-1/2 by 3/4 in. Fasten this in front of the larger T-rail and parallel to it, the center lines being 6-1/2 in. apart. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 To make the tail-piece, that is, the part to hold wood to be turned, get a board 6-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex107 by 7 by 3/4 in., and on the edges, Fig. 5, A, screw two pieces 7 by 3/4 by 1-1/2 in. so that the cap thus made will fit snugly over the large T-\-rail. Fasten to these la
st two pieces, }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6528\absh-1378\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29121\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m2a8d51d5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 with screws, two more pieces 7 by 3/4 by 3/4 in., Fig. 5, B. This tail-piece should move smoothly back and forth with no side motion. Now get a block of hardwood 4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108\f4  }{\charscalex107 by 2-1/4 in., and 1-3/4 in. higher than the spur cen\-ter when mounted on the middle of the t
ail\-piece just de\-scribed. At exactly the height of the spur center bore through this block a 3/4-in. hole, Fig. 5. Have }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2285\absh-3418\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62273\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_400c91e5.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 a blacksmith make a crank 8 in. long, threaded for 5 in. as shown. At the dead center end taper the crank and make a cup center, out of which allow a 3/16-in. point to project. The cup prevents the point from boring into }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6590\absh-2198\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10785\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_490571fd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 wood too rapidly. One inch from the outer end of the crank block, Fig. 5, bore a 3/16-in. hole, and force a 1/4-in. bolt to cut its thread in the wood. This is a set screw to hold the crank in any position desired. Place a strap nut, threaded to fit the cr
ank, on the head\-end of the crank block, and a plain nut to act as a bearing, on the crank end. One and one-half inches from the back of the tail-piece bore a 3/8-in. hole. Make a peg 3/8 by 2 in. To put in a piece of wood to turn, move the tail\-piece back
 until the head end is over the center of the hole nearest the end of the block, then the peg will slip into second hole from the head end of the tail-piece, and into a corresponding T-\-rail hole, pinning the two together. In\-sert wood and screw up dead ce
nter to hold it. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For a tool rest make a second piece like the base of the tail-piece, 11 in. long and fitting the small T-rail. Cut out two blocks 1-1/2 by 2-1/4 by 3/4 in. and screw them, one on each end of the base of the tool rest, covering the half farthest from the ce
nters, and having an 8-in. space between blocks. On the tops of these blocks screw a strip 11 by 2-1/4 by 3/4 in. Now for the rest proper, cut out a board 8 by 11/16 by 9 in. to slide in the slot of the rest. Take a piece of oak 11 by 2 in., and high enoug
h so that the top will be level with the centers of the lathe, and bevel as shown in Fig. 6. Screw on one end of the 8 by 9-in. piece exactly in the middle. This piece will slide in and out, closer or farther from the centers as desired, and also along the
 T-rail. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A center for turning rosettes. saucers, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 etc., may be made as follows: Remove the spur center and bolt in its place a 1-in. circular board of the same  }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7349\absh-3019\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39233\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4ebef861.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 diameter, using longer 3/16-in. stove bolts with heads countersunk. Rotate the lathe, and with a gimlet bore a hole at the exact center and through the board. Now take off the board and counter\-sink on the back a place for the head of a coarse threaded scr
ew. Turn in a 1-3/4 -in. screw, replace the board and any block held on the end of the rotating screw will turn on and be held while being turned. --Contributed by L. L. Winans, Mexico, Mo.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Reversing Small Battery Motor [405]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make the switch out of a piece of slate (for the base) two strips of brass, a rubber strip and handle and some binding-posts from old dry batteries. Fasten the brass strips at 5 and 6, Fig. 1, so they can swing from 1 and 3 to 2 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 `.0}
\par 
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and 4. Hold the brass strips apart by means of the hard rubber strip and screws. Do not let the screws come all the way through the rubber strip or you are liable to get a shock in case you should touch both screws simul\-taneously. Screw a rubber handle on
to the rubber strip to move the lever back and forth with. Fig. 2 shows the ar\-rangement of strips, handle, screws, etc., in detail. Fig. 3 is an end view of the same. --Contributed by Eugene F. Tuttle, Jr., Newark, Ohio. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cleaning Bronze Bearings [405]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bronze bearings may be cleaned with a solution of washing powder and water run through the oil cups while the machine is running without any load. The solution, cutting out the dirt and grime, will come from the bearing very black. About 1 pt. of this mixt
ure should be run through each bearing, then clean thoroughly with clear water. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Water Candlestick [406]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A glass of water makes a fine emer\-gency candlestick. Weight one end of }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the candle with a nail just large enough to hold the candle in the water so that the water comes near its top edge, but does not touch the wick, and then light the candle. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It will burn until the last vestige of wick is gone and the flame will not flicker. The melted tallow that runs down but serves to hold the candle more stationary. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to File Soft Metals [406]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 When filing soft metals, such as solder or babbitt metal, the file, after a few strokes, will become filled with metal, causing scratches on the surface being filed. The surface may be filed smooth, provided the file has been well oiled. The oil prevents t
he cutters from clogging and also allows the metal to yield easily. Oil the file every few minutes and use a card frequently in cleaning and the work will be smooth. -Contributed by Jno. E. Ganaway, Paducah. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20Ky.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Make a Magazine Binder [406]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Get 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex74\i\f4  }{\charscalex105 yd. of cloth, one shoestring, a pasteboard box for covers, and some heavy paper. Cut the paste\-board into two covers, 1/4}{\charscalex58  }{\charscalex105 in. larger all around than the magazine, ex\-cept at the back with which they should be even. Next cut a strip 1 in. wide off t
he back of each cover. Place the covers on the cloth, Fig. 1, with the back edges 1/4}{\charscalex75\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. far\-ther apart than the thickness of the volume to be bound. Cut the cloth around the covers, leaving 1-1/2}{\i\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. margin. Paste the cloth on the covers as they lay, and
 turn over the 1-1/2}{\i\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. mar\-gin, pasting down smoothly. Cut a piece of stiff paper to fit and paste on the back. Take a piece of cloth as wide as the cover, and long enough to extend over the back and 1-1/2}{\i  }{\charscalex105 in. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5325\absh-3346\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert43201\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1c917519.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Plan of Magazine Binder }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Beyond each "strip." Paste on to hold all together. Two pieces of paper the exact size of the magazine, pasted on the inside of each cover protects the edges of the cloth, and adds to the appearance. Let dry slowly. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5150\absh-1464\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62721\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3dbccd45.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magazine Binder Complete }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 With backs and edges of magazines even, place in a vise and set up tight allowing 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. from back to show above the vise. Bore three 3/16-in. holes 1/2}{\charscalex74\i\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. from the back, one in the middle, the other two 1-1/2}{\i\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. from each end. Make corresponding holes 
in the strips of the binder and use the shoestring to complete as in Fig. 2. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Temporary Spline [406]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A piece of wire solder makes a good temporary spline for the draftsman. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex108\b A Library Set in Pyro-Carving [407] }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111\f4 By HELEN WESTINGHOUSE }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The multitude of indifferently ex\-ecuted small articles which followed the introduction of pyrography is be\-ginning to disappear. People are con\-sidering the art more seriously and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6970\absh-3907\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_ff0a1cf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Table and Seat Decorated in Pyro-Carving }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 applying it to more dignified uses. Pyro-carving is one of the new meth\-ods of decorating furniture which is both beautiful and practical, two quali\-ties which do not always go together. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The library set illustrated consists of a table, 30 to 50 in., with two benches, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex111 14 }{\charscalex106 in. wide, of the same length. The supports are made of selected white pine, which must be absolutely free from pitch. The pine is soft enough to work easily with the point 
and stands wear much better than basswood. The tops and braces are made of curly fir. All of the material must be 2-in. lum\-ber, which dresses to about 1-1/2}{\i\f4  }{\charscalex106 in. All surfaces, except the faces of the supports, are given a well rubbed coat of oil with a lit
tle burnt umber, the stain to be applied directly to the wood without a filler. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 On the outside of the supports the design is drawn in with pencil, the background is then cut out smoothly with a chisel to the depth of an eighth of an inch, leaving the decoration in relief. It is then burned deeply, the background in straight flat strok
es, the outlines having the effect of a sloping, dark edge. The shadows are burned in as deeply as possible and the shading is put in with the flat of the point. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A wax or eggshell oil-varnish finish is most suitable for this set, but any other finish may be applied, as the builder may desire, to make it har\-monize with other furnishings. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cleaning Brass [407]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Small brass castings can be cleaned by heating them slightly and then dip\-ping them in a solution of sal ammo\-niac. The pieces will come out as bright and clean as if new. This clean\-ing process is the same as that used in cleaning a soldering iron. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Phoneidoscope [407]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The phoneidoscope has many and varied forms, but the simplest can be made by bending the forefinger and thumb so as to form a circle and then drawing a soap film across the opening. This is done in a manner similar to the blowing of soap bubbles. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 The angle
 with the direction of the light may be readily adjusted by turning the wrist, a motion of the elbow alters the distance from the mouth and the ten\-sion of the film can be regulated by moving the thumb and forefinger. Singing or speaking at the film when u
nder proper tension will cause beauti\-ful figures to appear, which may be re\-flected from the film directly on the screen. --Contributed by Robt. E. Brad\-ley, Winchester, Mass. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Yankee Bobsled [408]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good coasting sled, which I call a Yankee bob, can be made from two hardwood barrel staves, two pieces of }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-3907\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert12865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6acf67e8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Runners Made of Barrel Staves }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-144\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0   2 by 6-in. pine, a piece of hardwood for the rudder and a few pieces of boards. The 2 by 6-in. pieces should be a little longer than one-third the length of the staves, and each piece cut tapering from the widest part, 6 in., down to 2 in., and then fast
ened to the staves with large wood screws as shown in Fig. 1. Boards 1 in. thick are nailed on top of the pieces for a seat and to hold the runners together. The boards should be of such a length as to make the run\-ners about 18 in. apart. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A 2-in. shaft of wood, Fig. 2, is turned down to 1 in. on the ends and put through holes that must be bored in the front ends of the 2 by 6-in. pieces. A small pin is put through each end of the shaft to keep it in place. The rudder is a 1-1/2-in. hardwood
 piece which should be tapered to 1/2 in. at the bottom and shod with a thin piece of iron. A 1/2-in. hole is bored through the center of the shaft and a lag screw put through and turned in the rudder piece, making it so the rudder will turn right and left
 and, also, up and down. Two cleats are nailed to the upper sides of the runners and in the middle lengthways for the person's heels to rest against. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Any child can guide this bob, as all he has to do is to guide the rudder right and left to go in the direction named. If he wants to stop, he pulls up on the handle and the heel of the rudder will dig into the snow, causing too much friction for the sled t
o go any further. --Contributed by Wm. Algie, Jr., Little Falls, N. Y. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi-91\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Small Microscope [408]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Theoretically a simple microscope can be made as powerful as a com\-pound microscope, but in practice the minute size required by the simple lens to give the highest power makes it al\-most impossible to be used. However, a lens having a reasonable magnifyin
g power can be made in a few minutes for almost nothing. Take a piece of glass tubing, heat one place in a hot flame, hold one end and pull on the other and draw the heated place down to a fine string as shown in Fig. 1. Take about 3 in. of this fine tube 
and heat one end which will form a glass bead as shown in Fig. 2. This bead is the lens. When in this form it can be used only in an artificial light coming from one direc\-tion, but if you take a piece of  cardboard and bore a hole in it a little smaller t
han the bead on the glass tube which is forced into the hole, Fig 3, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 you can use this mounted lens in or\-dinary daylight. In this case a mirror must be used to reflect the light up through the lens. It is difficult to see anything at first, as the lens mus
t be held very close to the eye, but in prac\-tice you will soon learn to see the ob\-ject as it appears enlarged. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3749\absh-1310\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert48897\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1c6f97c1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lens Formed by Heat}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If you soak a little dried grass or hay in water for a few days and look at a drop of this water, germs in vari\-ous life forms can be seen. The water must be put on the lens. One thing to remember is that the smaller the lens, the greater the magnifying po
wer. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 --\-Contributed by Daniel Gray, Decatur, Illinois. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Freezing Pipes [409]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The water in hot water supply pipes will freeze quicker than water that has not been heated. This is because the air, which is a poor conductor of heat, has been driven out by the heat. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex110{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Carry Books [409]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Almost all school children carry their books with a strap put around and b u c k led very tight. This will make dents in the cover where the board over\-laps the body of the book. If the strap is left loose, the books are liable to slip out. Place the cover
 of one book between the cover and fly leaf of its neighbor and the difficulty will be remedied. This will place the books in alternate directions. Books stacked in this manner do not require the strap buckled tight, or, they can be carried without any str
ap just as well. --Contributed by Thos. De Loaf, Grand Rapids, Mich. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1786\absh-1805\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14881\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m1423cae.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Bottle Pushers [409]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7613\absh-6062\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert43681\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2a6d3d44.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex121 BOTTLE PUSHERS. --This is a game in which the competitors push bottles on the ice with hockey sticks. All the bottles must be the same size and make. The persons participating must keep their bottles upright at all times. The bottles are lined up for the s
tart and at the word "go," each person pushes a bottle across the field for a distance that }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex120 is }{\charscalex121 agreed upon. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Hammock [410]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Anyone can make a hammock as good as can be bought and that at a cost so small that every member of the family can possess one providing there are places enough for hanging them. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The materials required are a needle about 7}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex83  }{\charscalex107 in. long, and with a big eye, an iron ring for each end of the hammock, two long smooth sticks on which to knit the hammock and two pounds of strong hemp cord or twine. The twine may be colored in any color or co
m\-bination of colors desired. A Roman stripe at each end of the hammock makes a pretty effect. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A hammock 45 in. wide will not be too large for solid comfort. To knit it first thread the big needle and holding it in the left hand, hold the cord in place with the thumb until you have looped the cord over the tongue, then pass the cord under the needle
 to the opposite side and catch it over the tongue. Repeat this operation until the needle is full. Cut a 2-yd. length of cord and make a loop and fasten to the door knob or to some other convenient place. Tie the cord on the needle to this loop 3 in. from
 the end of the loop. Place the small mesh stick under the cord with the beveled edge close to the loop, and, with a thumb on the cord to hold it in place, pass the needle around the stick and then, point downward, pass it through the loop from the top, an
d then bring it over the stick so form\-ing the first half of the knot. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pull this tight and hold in place with a thumb while throwing the cord over your hand, which forms the loop. Pass the needle from under through the loops and draw fast to fasten the knot. Hold this in place and repeat the operation. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make 30 of these knots and then push them off the stick and proceed in the same way with the next row, passing the needle first through each of the 30 knots made for the first row. Make 30 rows and then tie the last loops to the other iron ring. Stretchers
 may be made and put in place and the hammock, strong and durable, is fin\-ished. The work must be carefully and evenly done. One is apt to have a little trouble getting the first row right, but after that the work proceeds quite rapidly. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Obtain Cheap Dry Batteries [410]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Not very many people realize that good, serviceable dry cells can be ob\-tained from an automobile garage very cheap. These cells having been "run out" beyond the required number of amperes for automobile use, will give excellent service, considering their 
cost. Many of them will give two-thirds of their original amperage. Six of such cells have been in use on my door-bell circuit for nearly a year. They can be used for other purposes just as well.\- --Contributed by H. H. Cutter. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Water Telescope [410]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4330\absh-1210\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49057\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_44c6b1ba.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Water Telescope }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Before you decide on a place to cast your hook it is best to look into the water to see whether any fish are there. Yes, certainly, you can look into the water and see the fish that are there swimming about, if you have the proper equipment. What you need 
is a water tele\-scope. This is a device made of wood or metal with one end of glass. When the glass end is submerged, by looking in at the open end, objects in the water are made plainly visible to a considerable depth. In Norway, the fishermen use the wa\-
ter telescope regularly in searching for herring shoals or cod. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 All that is necessary to make a wooden water telescope is a long wooden box, a piece of glass for one }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4459\absh-2064\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62241\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_58e8d19b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wooden Water Telescope }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 end and some paint and putty for mak\-ing the seams watertight. Fix the glass in one end of the box, and leave the other open to look through. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 A tin water telescope is more convenient than the wooden one, but more difficult to make, The principal essential for this is a circular piece of glass for the large end. A funnel shaped tin horn will do for the rest. Solder in the glass at the large end a
nd the telescope is made. Sinkers con\-sisting of strips of lead should be sol\-dered on near the bottom to counter\-act the buoyancy of the air contained in the watertight funnel and also helps to submerge the big end. The inside of the funnel should be pain
ted black to prevent the light from being reflect\-ed on the bright surface of the tin. If}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex79  }{\charscalex106 difficulty is found in obtaining a cir\-cular piece of glass, the bottom may be made square and square glass used. Use plain, clear glass; not magnifying glass. To pic
nic parties the water telescope is of great amusement, revealing numerous odd sights in the water which many have never seen before. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Rid Your Yard of Cats [411]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The following is a description of a device I built at my home in Brooklyn, which not only gave us relief from the }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7080\absh-3038\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert48033\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4e3370bc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus for Driving Away Cats }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 nightly feline concerts, but also fur\-nished much amusement to my friends.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 I first ran two bare copper wires along the top of the fence about 1 in. apart, fastening them down with small staples, care being taken that they did not touch. To the ends of these wires I fastened ordinary insulated bell wire, running them to the house 
and con\-necting them to the upper binding \-posts of an induction coil; I then ran a wire from the lower binding-post of my coil through the batteries back to the other lower binding-post of coil, breaking the circuit by putting in an ordinary switch. The m
ore batteries used, the stronger the current. The switch should always be left open, as it uses up the current very rapidly. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When "tabby" is well on the wires I close the switch and she goes the length of the fence in bounds, often coming back to see what the trouble is, thus receiving another shock. --Contributed by Charles L. Pultz.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Substitute for a Drill Bit [411]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A gouge may be used as a substitute bit if a proper sized bit is not at hand. The gouge can be placed in the brace the same as a bit. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Drying Films [412]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The drying of photographic film in full lengths without scratching or curling is quite difficult. Various devices are used to keep the film straight, and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3523\absh-4502\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert23585\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3bdafc8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pins Keep the Film Straight }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 push pins or thumb tacks are supplied with almost all of them. The illus\-tration shows a simple and inexpensive device constructed of common wood clothespins without any metal pins to come in contact with the film and cause rust streaks. A pair of pins are
 fastened at each end of the film by pushing one pin over the other which in turn is clamped on the film. A string tied to the heads of one pair of pins provides a way to hang the whole on a nail. The lower pair of pins makes a weight to keep the film stra
ight. --Contributed by J. Mac Gregor, Montreal, Canada. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Grooved Pulley Made from Sheet Tin [412]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A grooved pulley which will run true and carry a round belt may be made without the use of other tools than a compass and pair of shears, with a drill or punch for making two rivet holes. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Layoff a circle on the tin, of the di\-ameter desired for the bottom of the groove. Then layoff a concentric circle of 1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex64  }{\charscalex108 in. greater radius. Cut out along the lines of the large circle. On the line of the small circle mark with a prick punch or nail a ser
ies of slight dents, about 1/4}{\charscalex64  }{\charscalex108 in. apart, all the way around. Now make cuts from the line of the large circle to these dents, stopping when the shears give the little "click" on entering the dent. Bend the little tongues thus formed alter\-nately to the rig
ht and left, then by shaping them with some care you will have a good running surface for the belt. It will not make any difference if there are more tongues on one side than the other, or if they are not equally spaced, within reason. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 For the hub, solder or rivet a "handle" across the center hole and drill a hole through it of the same size as the center hole. With the help of solder a grooved pulley which will answer almost every experimental purpose may be made, and it is re\-markable 
with how slight care a per\-fectly true wheel may be made in this manner. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The same principle might in some way be applied to gear-wheels, for light and temporary use. --Contributed by C. W. Nieman, New York City. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b An Emergency Glass Funnel [412]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2222\absh-1728\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33025\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_688072b3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a glass bottle having a small neck and tie a string saturated in kerosene around the outside at A and B as shown in the sketch. Light the string and allow it to burn until the glass is heated, then plunge the bottle quickly into water. The top or ne
ck will then come off easily. The sharp edges are ground or filed off smooth. This will make a good emergency funnel which serves the purpose well for filling wide necked bottles.-Contributed by Jos. W. Sorenson, Everett, Wash. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex92 An }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex109 Electrical Walking Stick [413]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A cane that will produce an electric shock when shaking hands is one sup\-plied with the electrical apparatus shown in the sketch. An ordinary cane, 1 in. in diameter at the top and having a metal band A, is bored about 8 in. deep, to receive the battery B 
and induction coil C. One of the electrical connections is through the metal tip D to the earth, the other is through the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-845\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22529\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7ad1fce3.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Battery and Coil In Cane }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 metal band A when the push button E is pressed. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The one using the cane merely holds the metal end D in contact with the earth and while shaking hands with a friend he pushes the button and starts the coil in operation. --Contributed by Stanley Radcliffe, Laurel, Md. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Convenient Shelf Arrangement [413]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A convenient device for crowded shelves and cupboards is shown in the accompanying sketch. Halfway be\-tween shelves A and B is in\-stalled a second shelf C which is only half as wide as the other shelves. This }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1978\absh-1824\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22593\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_32623936.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 provides a convenient place for small articles and utensils, while in a china closet it furnishes a splendid space for cups, sauce dishes or other small pieces. It also adds a neat and pleas\-ing appearance. --Contributed by E. M. Williams, Oberlin, Ohio. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Shoe Scraper [413]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 On steps of public buildings, shops and dwellings is usually found some sort}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex109 of a mud scraper for the shoes. These remove the mud from the sole of the shoe and leave it on the edge and sides. The scraper shown in the sketch is of simple construction, and r
emoves the mud from the soles and }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-1531\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_59c9bf43.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Scraper of Thin Steel}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 sides of any size shoe in one opera\-tion. The scrapers spread and bring pressure to bear on all sizes. The side scrapers must be made of metal that will spring. The standard is of heavy sheet metal with the thinner strips riveted to the projecting uprights
 at the ends.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Fastening a Shade to a Roller [413]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tack the shade A in the usual man\-ner and roll it as far back as possible }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1973\absh-1022\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert55713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4801f478.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 and while in this position apply an ample quan\-tity of glue near the tacks, as shown at B. A shade attached in this manner will not come loose from the roller. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Vegetable Slicer [413]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The slicer is made of a knife blade, screw and pin handle. The screw is soldered into the end of the knife blade. As the screw feeds into the vegetable }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-2328\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10625\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3456cd6f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Slicer In Vegetable }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 or fruit, the blade will slice it in a curl of even thickness. --Contributed by H. C. Roufeldt, Toledo, O.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Etched Copper Picture Frame [414]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a heavy piece of copper about 8 or 10 gauge, cut to 7 by 7-3/4 in. Make a design on a piece of paper. The ac\-companying sketch offers a suggestion. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-4282\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert16321\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2587d2b8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Etched Copper Picture Frame }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If the design is to be symmetrical, draw a line down the middle of the paper, make one-half the fold and trace the remaining half by placing a piece of double-surfaced carbon paper be\-tween the halves. Fasten this design with a little paste on the copper a
t two of its corners and trace it on the copper by means of the carbon paper. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove the paper, and, with a small brush and black varnish or asphaltum paint, cover the part not to be eaten by the acid of the bath into which the metal is to be immersed. Two or three coats will be necessary to withstand the acid. The conventional tree
s, the border as shown in the illustration, and the back are covered with the varnish or asphaltum. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The etching solution should be put in a stone vessel of some kind and care should be taken not to allow it to get on the hands or clothes. A stick should be used to handle the metal while it is in the solution. This solu\-tion is made by putting in the ston
e jar the following: Water a little more than one-half, nitric acid a little less than one-half. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i{\b Do not add the water to the acid.}}{\i\i }{\charscalex109 Leave the metal in this solu\-tion three or four hours. The time will depend upon the strength of the acid and the depth to wh
ich you wish the etching to be done. An occasional ex\-amination of the object will show when to take it out. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the etching has been carried as far as desirable, take the copper from the bath and remove the asphaltum by scraping it as clean as possible, using an old case knife. After doing this, put some of the solution, or pickle as it is called, in an old pan
 and warm it over a flame. Put the metal in this hot liquid and swab it with batting or cloth fastened to the end of a stick. Rinse in clear water to stop the action of the acid. When clean, cut the metal out from the center where the picture is to be plac
ed, using a metal saw. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Solder on the back several small clips with which to hold the picture in place. There must also be a support soldered in place to keep the frame upright. To further clean the metal before solder\-ing, use a solution in the proportion of one-half cup of lye 
to 3 gal. water. Heat either the solution or the metal just before using. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 When soldering, care must be taken to have the parts to be soldered thor\-oughly clean. Any grease or foreign matter will prevent the solder from running properly. On a piece of slate slab, heavy glass or other hard, non\-absorbent substance that is clean, p
ut a little water and grind a lump of borax around until the resultant is like thin cream. Thoroughly clean the parts that are to be soldered by scraping with a knife, and do not touch with the fingers afterward. Place a piece of thin silver solder between
 the parts after having coated them and the solder with}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex145\i\f4  }{\charscalex109 the borax. Use a pair of tweezers to pick up the solder. Hold the parts firmly together and apply heat-slowly at first until all moisture has been ex\-pelled and the borax crystallized, after which the
 flame may be applied more directly and the parts brought to a soldering heat. An alcohol flame will }{\charscalex107 do. Heat applied too quickly will throw off the solder and spoil the attempt. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There are various ways of finishing the metal. It may be polished by means of powdered pumice, chalk or charcoal, and then treated with a coat of French varnish diluted ten times its volume in alcohol. Another popular way is to give the background a bluish
-\-green effect by brushing it over a great many times, after it has been cleaned, with a solution composed of muriate of ammonia, 1 part; carbonate of am\-monia, 3 parts; water, 24 parts. The whole may then be treated with French varnish to preserve the col
ors. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Easel [415]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A strong and substantial easel may be made at home with very little ex\-pense and no great difficulty. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Smooth down with a plane, four pieces of pine, 1 in. thick, 4 in. wide and 4 ft. long, until suitable for legs. Make three cross-pieces, Fig. 1, and join the legs with them as shown in Fig. 2. With an auger bore a hole in each leg about 3 in. from the bott
om, and fit into each a little peg, Fig. 2, for the picture to rest on. The peg should be of hardwood so it will not break. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Cut the handle from an old broom, measure off the right length, and put a hinge on one end. Fasten this leg on the second cross-piece, thus forming a support for the two front legs, Fig. 3. The easel may be finished according to the individual taste. It ma
y be sand\-papered and stained and varnished, or painted in some pretty tint, or, if}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex78  }{\charscalex107 pre\-ferred, may be enameled. --Contributed by G. J. Tress. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7373\absh-2443\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert21665\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m77966db4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Easel Construction }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Wind Propeller [415]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A wind propeller may be constructed with four old bicycle wheels arranged with shafts pretty much like the shafts of a hand-propelled cart. The platform is flatter, how\-ever, and the body one tier so that it is lower. A framework of wood is built at M and 
this is a support }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2242\absh-1752\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22401\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7caabb82.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wind Propeller }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 for several purposes. The sail is se\-cured to the mast which is fixed into the body of the cart as shown. The sail is linen fabric. There are two cross\-pieces to aid in keeping the sail prop\-erly opened. The steering arrangement is through the rear shaft. 
The shaft is pivoted as in a hand-propelled cart, and the rod I extends from the middle connection of the shaft up to a point where the person seated on the wooden frame can handle it. There is a brake ar\-ranged by making a looped piece J and hinging it as
 shown. This piece is metal, fitted with a leather face. The cord K is pulled to press the brake. I marks the support for the mast un\-derneath the body of the cart. In a steady breeze this cart spins nicely along the roads. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Replacing Ball Bearings [415]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Never change a single ball in a bear\-ing. Renew them }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20all. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Construct an Annunciator [416]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Oftentimes a single electric bell may be connected in a circuit so that it can be operated from more than one push button. These push buttons are usually located in entirely different parts of the building and it is neces\-sary to have some means of determi
n\-ing the particular push button that was pressed and caused the bell to operate. The electric annunciator is a device that will indicate or record the various calls or signals that may be sent over the circuits to which the annunciator is connected. A ver
y simple and inex\-pensive annunciator may be made in the following way: }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Before taking up the construction of the annunciator it would be best to make a diagrammatic drawing of the circuit in which the annunciator is to operate. The simplest circuit that will require an annunciator is one where the bell may be operated from eit
her of two push buttons. In this case the an\-nunciator must be constructed to give only two indications. Fig. 1 shows how the various' elements of such a circuit may be connected. B is an ordinary vi\-brating electric bell, M1 and M2 are the two electromagn
ets of the annun\-ciator, A is a battery of several dry cells, and P1 and P2 are the push but\-tons from either of which the bell may be operated. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the push button P1 is pressed the circuit is completed through the winding of the magnet M1 and its core becomes magnetized. In a similar manner the core of the magnet M2 be\-comes magnetized when the push but\-ton P2 is pressed and the circuit com\-plet
ed through the winding of the mag\-net M2. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If an iron armature, that is supported by a shaft through its center and properly balanced, be placed near the ends of the cores of M1 and M2, as shown in Fig. 2, it may assume the position indicated by either the full or dotted lines, depending upon which
 of the magnets, M1 or M2, was last mag\-netized. The position of this armature }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 will serve to indicate the push button from which the bell was operated. The magnets should be placed inside a case and the indication may be made by a pointer attached to the shaft, support\-ing the armature. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 If you are able to secure the electro\-magnets from a discarded electric bell they will work fine for the magnets M1 and M2. They should be disconnected from their iron support and mounted upon some non-magnetic material, such as brass or copper, making the
 dis\-tance between their centers as small as possible. The piece of metal upon which the magnets are mounted should now be fastened, by means of two wood screws, to the back of the board, shown in Fig. 6, that is to form the face of the annunciator. It sho
uld be about 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89\i  }{\charscalex106 in. thick, 1/2 in. wide and long enough to extend a short distance be\-yond the cores of the magnets M1 and M2. Drill a 1/16-in. hole through its center, as shown in Fig. 2. Drive a piece of steel rod into this hole, mak\-ing sure the rod wi
ll not turn easily in the opening, and allow about 1/2 in. of the rod to project on one side, and 1-1/2 in. on the other side. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Drill a hole in the board upon which the magnets are mounted so that when the long end of the rod carrying the armature is passed through the hole, the armature will be a little more than 1/16 in. from each magnet core. The short end of the rod should be s
up\-ported by means of a piece of strip brass bent into the form shown in Fig. 3. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Drill a hole in the center of this piece, so the rod will pass through it. When the armature has been put in its proper place, fasten this strip to the board with two small wood screws. You may experience some difficulty in locating the hole in the board f
or the rod, and it no doubt would be best to drill this hole first and fasten the magnets in place afterwards. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two small collars should be fastened to the rod to prevent its moving endwise. Fit the collars tightly on the rod to hold them in place. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Cut the long end of the rod off so it projects through the face of the an\-nunciator about 5/8 in. Take some very thin sheet brass and cut out a needle or indicator as shown in Fig. 4. In a small piece of brass drill a hole so it will fit tight on the other
 end of the rod. Solder the indicator to this piece and force it in place on the end of the }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20rod. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When the armature is the same  }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7550\absh-5683\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22561\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_582f4cd6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Annunciator }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 distance from each core, the indicator should be parallel to the long dimen\-sion of the face of the case. The case of the instrument may be made in the following way: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Secure a piece of 3/8-in. oak, or other hard wood, 3 in. wide and 2 ft. long. Then cut from this board the follow\-ing pieces: two whose dimensions cor\-respond to those of Fig. 5 and are to form the sides of the case; two whose dimensions correspond to thos
e of Fig. 6 and are to form the back and the face of the case; three whose dimen\-sions correspond to those of Figs. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\b 7, }{\charscalex106 8, and 9 and are to form the lower and upper end of the case and the finish for the top. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Secure a piece of window glass, 4-1/2 in. by 3-1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex86  }{\charscalex106 in. that is to be used as the front. Before assembling the case cut on the inner surface of the pieces form\-ing the sides and the lower end, a groove just wide enough to take the glass and 1/16 in. in dept
h. The outer edge of this groove should be 3/8 in. from the outer edge of the frame. After the case is fastened together there should be a slot between the piece forming the upper end and the piece that serves as a finish at the top, that will allow the gl
ass to be slipped into place. A small strip of wood should be tacked over this slot, after the glass is put in place, to prevent the dust and dirt from falling down inside of the case. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The piece upon which the works are to be mounted may be fastened in place }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 by means of four round-headed brass screws that pass through the sides of the case. It should be fastened about 1/2}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. back of the glass front. The back may be fastened inside of th
e case in a similar manner. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut two pieces, from some sheet brass, whose dimensions correspond to those of Fig. 10. These pieces are to be used in supporting the case by means of some small screws. Fasten three binding-posts, that are to form the ter\-minals of the annunciator, on the
 top of the upper end of the case. Mark one of these binding-posts C and the other two Ll and L2. Connect one ter\-minal of each of the magnet windings to the post marked C and the other terminal to the posts Ll and L2. You can finish the case in any style 
you may desire. Often times it is desirable to have it correspond to the finish of the woodwork of the room in which it is to be placed. The distance the point of the indicator will move through de\-pends upon the distance between the cores of the magnets a
nd the distance of the armature from these cores. These distances are often times such that the indications of the cell are not very defi\-nite. If the armature is moved too far from the cores there is not sufficient pull exerted by them when magnetized, to
 cause the position of the armature' to change. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Mount on the shaft carrying the ar\-mature a small gear wheel. Arrange another smaller gear to engage this on and fasten the indicator to the shaft of the smaller gear. Any movement now of the armature shaft will re\-sult in a relative large movement of the 
indicator shaft. Figure 11 shows the ar\-rangement of the gears just described. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Steam Calliope [418]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure ten gas jet valves, the part of the gas fixture shown in Fig. 1, and prepare to place them in a piece of 1-in. pipe, 12 in. long. This is done by drilling and tapping 10 holes, each }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3662\absh-2861\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22753\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5daa4472.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Calliope }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 1 in. apart, in a straight line along the pipe. The valves screwed into these holes appear as shown in Fig. 2. The whistles are made from pipe of a dia\-meter that will fit the valves. No di\-mensions can be given for the exact lengths of these pipes as they
 must be tried out to get the tone. Cut ten pieces of this pipe, each one of a different length, similar to the pipes on a pipe organ. Cut a thread on both ends, put a cap on the end intended for the top, and fit a plug in the other end. The plug must have
 a small portion of its side filed out, and a notch cut in the side of the pipe with its horizontal edge level with the top of the plug. This part of each whistle is made sim\-ilar to making a bark whistle on a green stick of willow. The pipes are then scre
wed into the valves. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The whistles may be toned by trying out and cutting off pieces of the pipe, or by filling the top end with a little melted lead. The 1-in. pipe must have a cap screwed on one end and the other attached to a steam pipe. The steam may be supplied by using an
 old range boiler, placed horizontally in a fireplace made of brick or sheet iron. If such a boiler is used, a small safety valve should be attached. The keys and valve operation are shown in Fig. 3. This is so plainly illustrated that it needs no explanat
ion. --Contrib\-uted by Herbert Hahn, Chicago. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Sharpening Scissors [419]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When sharpening scissors on a grindstone it is very difficult to procure a straight edge. For those not having the facilities of a grinding arrangement a very handy device that will produce a straight and sharp edge can be easily constructed as follows: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Procure a block of wood, 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex81  }{\charscalex108 in. long, 1}{\charscalex81  }{\charscalex108 in. wide and 1/2 in. thick, add saw a kerf square with the face of the block, as shown at A. Attach a piece }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3821\absh-1862\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51489\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7cbb1986.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Block of Wood Fitted with a Piece of Emery Cloth for Sharpening Scissors Correctly }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 of fine emery cloth in the kerf, at B, with glue, taking care to have it flat on the sloping surface only and allowing no part of the cloth to turn the sharp corner and lie on the back side. Apply the block to the scissor blade as shown and draw it back an
d forth from one end to the other, being careful to keep the back side of the blade flat against the block. Without being familiar with scissors grinding, anyone can sharpen them correctly with this block. --Contributed by Harriet Kerbaugh, Allentown, Pa. 
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Counter Brush for a Shop [419]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A very serviceable brush for use around a shop can be made from a dis\-carded or worn-out push broom as shown at A. Pull out the bristles from one-half of the brush and shape the wood of that end with a knife or }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-1046\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert43713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4cb830df.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Discarded Push Broom Shaped to Form a Brush for the Bench or Counter }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 spokeshave to the form of a handle, and the brush will be formed as shown at B.-Contributed by James T. Gaff\-ney, Chicago. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Curtain Roller [419]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Procure a window-shade roller, an umbrella rib and two strips of oilcloth, each 1 in. wide and 4 in. long. Cut the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-1666\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49185\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m30e8335f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Curtain is Easily Attached to and Detached from the Roller for Cleaning }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 roller off so that it will be 6 in. longer than the distance across the window, then cut a groove in it to insert the rib. Sew the pieces of oilcloth so that they will just fit over the ends of the roller. When this is done lay the curtain across the groov
e, then press the rib and curtain into the groove and push the oilcloth bands over the ends of the rib to keep it in place. --Contributed by E. L. McFarlane, Nashwaakees, N. B. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Shade-Holder Bracket for a Gas Jet [419]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An old umbrella rib makes a very effective shade-holder bracket for a gas jet. The ends of the rib are bent to fit around the pendant upright and the support end is shaped into a hook. It can be quickly applied or removed. The outer end is bent into a hook
 to }
\par 
\par 
\pard\plain\absw5564\absh2895\dfrmtxtx181\nowrap\pvpara\posy0\phcol\posx0{\*\flymaincnt224\flyvert54496\flyhorz19456\flyanchor0\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_ma301f33.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Bracket for Holding the Shade is Made from an Old Umbrella Rib }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 hold the shade. The rib can be cut to fit a pendant arm of any length.\- --Contributed by Edward Keegstra, Paterson, N. J. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b To Longer Preserve Cut Flowers [419]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good way to keep cut flowers fresh is to place a small amount of pure salt of sodium in the water. It is best to procure this salt at a drug store be\-cause commercial salt will cause the flowers to wither, due to the impurities in the soda. Call for pure
 sodium chloride. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Glass Blowing and Forming [420]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fortunate indeed is the boy who re\-ceives a stock of glass tubing, a Bun\-sen burner, a blowpipe, and some char\-coal for a gift, for he has a great deal of fun in store for himself. Glass blowing is a useful art to understand, if the study of either chemist
ry or physics is to be taken up, because much apparatus can be made at home. And for itself alone, the forming of glass into various shapes has not only a good deal of pleasure in it, but it trains the hands and the eye. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Glass, ordinarily brittle and hard, be\-comes soft and pliable under heat. When subjected to the action of a flame until dull red, it bends as if made of putty; heated to a bright yellow, it is so soft that it may be blown, pulled, pushed or worked into any
 shape desired. Hence the necessity for a Bunsen burner, a device preferred to all others for this work, because it gives the hottest flame without soot or dirt. The Bunsen burner, as shown in Fig. 1, is attached to any gas bracket with a rubber tube, but 
the flame is blue, instead of yellow, as the burner introduces air at its base, which mixes with the gas and so produces an almost perfect combustion, instead of the par\-tial combustion which results in the ordinary yellow flame. All gas stoves have Bunsen
 burners, and many oil stoves. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If gas is not available, an alcohol lamp with a large wick will do almost as well. The blowpipe, shown in Fig. 2, is merely a tube of brass with the smaller end at right angles to the pipe, and a fine tip to reduce the size of the blast, which is used to d
irect a small flame. Besides these tools, the glass worker will need some round sticks of charcoal, sharpened like a pencil, as shown in Fig. 3, a file, and several lengths of German glass tubing. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To bend a length of the tubing, let it be assumed for the purpose of mak\-ing a syphon, it is only necessary to cork one end of the tube and heat it near the top of the Bunsen flame, turn\-ing the tubing constantly to make it heat evenly on all sides, until 
it is a dull red in color. It will then bend of its own weight if held in one hand, but to allow it to do so is to make a flat place in the bend. The heating should be continued until the red color is quite bright, when the open end of the tube is put in t
he mouth and a little pressure of air made in the tube by blowing. At the same time, the tube is bent, steadily but gently. The compressed air in the tube prevents it from collapsing during the process. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make a bulb on the end of a tube, one end must be closed. This is easily done by heating as before, and then pulling the tube apart as shown in Fig. 4. The hot glass will draw, just like a piece of taffy, each end tapering to a point. This point on one 
length is successively heated and pressed toward and into the tube, by means of a piece of charcoal, until the end is not only closed, but as thick as the rest of the tube, as in Fig. 5. An inch or more is now heated white hot, the tube being turned contin
ually to assure even heating and to prevent the hot end from bending down by its own weight. When very hot, a sudden puff into the open end of the tube will ex\-pand the hot glass into a bulb, as in Fig. 6. These can be made of con\-siderable size, and, if n
ot too thin, make very good flasks (Fig. 7) for physical experiments. The base of the bulb should be flattened by setting it, still hot, on a flat piece of charcoal, so that it will stand alone. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 To weld two lengths of, glass tubing together, heat the end of a tube and insert the point of a piece of charcoal in the opening, and twirl it about until the end of the tube has a considerable flare. Do the same to the end of the other tube, which is to b
e joined to the first, and then, heating both to a dull red, let them touch and press lightly together as in Fig. 8. As soon as they are well in contact, heat the two joined flares together, very hot, and, pulling slightly, the flares will flatten out and 
the tube be perfectly joined. Tubes }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 joined without previous flaring have a constricted diameter at the joint. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To make a T-joint in two pieces of tubing, it is necessary to make a hole in the side of one piece, as shown at A in Fig. 9. This is accomplished by the aid of the principle of physics that gases expand when heated. Both ends of the tube, which should be c
old, are corked tightly. The whole is then gradually warmed by being held near the flame. When warm, a small flame is directed by the blowpipe from the Bunsen flame to a spot on one side of }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7550\absh-2578\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26337\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_69c6ea3e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Glass Blowing and Forming }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 the closed tube. As it heats, the air within the tube expands and becomes compressed, and as soon as the hot spot on the side of the tube is soft enough, the confined air blows out, pushing the hot glass aside as it does so, leaving a small puncture. This 
is to be enlarged with pointed charcoal until it also flares as shown at B. This flare is then connected to the flared end of a straight tube, C, and the T-\-joint, D, is complete. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Using the blowpipe is not difficult. The lips and cheeks should be puffed out with a mouthful of air, which is ample to blow a flame while the lungs are being refilled. In this way, it is possible to use the blowpipe steadily, and not intermittently, as is
 necessary if the lungs alone are the "bellows." }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Small glass funnels, such as are used in many chemical operations, are made by first forming a bulb, then punctur\-ing the bulb at the top, when hot, with a piece of charcoal, and smoothing down or flaring the edges. Very small and fine glass tubes, such as
 are used in experiments to demonstrate capillary attraction, water or other liquid rising in them when they are plunged into it, are made by heating as long a section of tubing as can be handled in the flame--2 in. will be found enough\---and, when very ho
t, giving the ends a sudden vigorous pull apart. The tube pulls out and gets smaller and smaller as it does so, until at last it breaks. But the fine thread of glass so made is really a tube, and not a rod, as might be supposed. This can be dem\-onstrated b
y blowing through it at a gas flame, or by immersing it in colored liquid. The solution will be seen to rise some distance within the tube, the amount depending on the diameter of the tube. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The file is for cutting the glass tub\-ing into lengths convenient to handle. It should be a three-cornered file, of medium fineness, and is used simply to nick the glass at the place it is de\-sired to cut it. The two thumbs are then placed beneath the tube
, one on each side of the nick, and the tube bent, as if it were plastic, at the same time pulling the hands apart. The tube will break off squarely at the nick, without difficulty.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The entire outfit may be purchased from any dealer in chemical or physical apparatus, or any druggist will order it. Enough tubing to last many days, the Bunsen burner, blowpipe, file and charcoal should not exceed $2 in cost. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cadmium and Solder [421]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The addition of cadmium to soft solder composed of tin and lead, lowers its melting point and increases its strength. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Telegraph Codes [422]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7546\absh-11386\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert14785\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7753c24b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Cruising Catamaran [423]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A launch is much safer than a sail\-ing boat, yet there is not the real sport to be derived from it as in sailing. Herein is given a description of a sail\-ing catamaran especially adapted for those who desire to sail and have a safe craft. The main part of 
the craft is made from two boats or pontoons with watertight tops, bottoms and sides and fixed at a certain distance apart with a platform on top for the passengers. Such a craft cannot be capsized easily, and, as the pontoons are watertight, it will weath
er almost any rough water. If the craft is in\-tended for rough waters, care must be taken to make the platform pliable yet stiff and as narrow as convenient to take care of the rocking movements. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This catamaran has been designed to simplify the construction, and, if a larger size than the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 is desired, the pontoons may be made longer by using two boards end to end and putting battens on the inside over the joint. Each ponto
on is made of two boards 1 in. thick, 14 in. wide and 16 ft. long, dressed and cut to the shape shown in Fig. 2. Spread\-ers are cut from 2-in. planks, 10 in. wide and 12 in. long, and placed 6 ft. apart between the board sides and fast\-ened with screws. Wh
ite lead should be put in the joints before turning in the screws. Cut the ends of the boards so they will fit perfectly and make pointed ends to the pontoons as shown }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7570\absh-2419\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert20993\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m635ad21a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of the Pontoons }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 in Fig. 3, and fit in a wedge shaped piece; white lead the joints and fasten well with screws. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Turn this shell upside down and lay a board 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex66  }{\charscalex109 in. thick, 12 in. wide and 16 ft. long on the edges of the sides, mark }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3595\absh-4637\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41921\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m822ffca.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Completed Boat }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 on the under side the outside line of the shell and cut to shape roughly. See that the spreaders and sides fit true all over, then put white lead on the joint and nail with 1-3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex109 -in. finishing nails as close as possible without weakening the wood. Slightl
y stagger the nails in the sides, the 1-in. side boards will allow for this, trim off the sides, turn the box over and paint the joints and ends of the spreaders, giving them two or three coats and let them dry. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Try each compartment for leaks by }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 turning water in them one at a time. Bore a 5/8-in. hole through each spreader in the center and through the }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-5568\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56481\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m69cda149.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Crosspiece and Rudder Details }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 bottom board as shown. The top board, which is 1/4-in. thick, 12 in. wide and 16 ft. long, is put on the same as the bottom. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After finishing both pontoons in this way place them parallel. A block of wood is fastened on top of each pon\-toon and exactly over each spreader on which to bolt the crosspieces as shown in Fig. 4. Each block is cut to the shape and with the dimensions sh
own in Fig. 5. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The crosspieces are made from hick\-ory or ash and each piece is 2-1/2 in. thick, 5 in. wide and 6-1/2 ft. long. Bore a 5/8-in. hole 3 in. from each end through the 5-in. way of the wood. Take maple flooring 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. thick, 6 in. wide, 74-1/2 in. long and fa
sten with large screws and washers to the cross\-pieces and put battens across every 18 in. Turn the flooring and crosspieces upside down and fasten to the pon\-toons with long 5/8-in. bolts put through the spreaders. Put a washer on the head of each bolt an
d run them through from the under side. Place a thick rubber washer under and on top of each crosspiece at the ends as shown in Fig. 4. This will make a rigid yet flexible joint for rough waters. The flooring being placed on the under side of the crosspiec
es makes it possible to get the sail boom very low. The sides put on and well fastened will greatly assist in stiffening the platform and help it to stand the racking strains. These sides will also keep the water and spray out and much more so if a 12-in. 
dash is put on in front on top of the crosspiece. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The rudders are made as shown in Fig. 6, by using an iron rod 5/8 in. in diameter and 2 ft. long for the bearing of each. This rod is split with a hack\-saw for 7 in. of its length and a sheet metal plate 3/32 in. thick, 6 in. wide, and 12 in. long inserted
 and riveted in the split. This will allow 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. of the iron rod to project from the bottom edge of the metal through which a hole is drilled for a cotter pin. The bottom bracket is made from stake iron bent in the shape of a U as shown, the rudder beari
ng passing through a hole drilled in the upper leg and resting on the lower. Slip the top bracket on and then bend the top end of the bearing rod at an angle as shown in both Figs. 6 and 7. Connect the two bent ends with a crosspiece which has a hole drill
ed in its center to fasten a rope as shown in Fig. 1. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Attach the mast to the front cross\-piece, also bowsprit, bracing them both to the pontoons. A set of sails having about 300 sq. ft. of area will be about right for racing. Two sails, main and fore, of about 175 to 200 sq. ft. will be sufficient for cruisin
g. --Contributed by J.}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex108 Appleton, Des Moines, Iowa. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Alligator Photo Mounts [424]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rough alligator finished photograph mounts will not receive a good impres\-sion from a die. If a carbon paper is placed on the mounts before making the impression, a good clear imprint will be the result. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Attach a Sail to a Bicycle [425]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This attachment was constructed for use on a bicycle to be ridden on the well packed sands of a beach, but it could be used on a smooth, level road as well. The illustration shows the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7459\absh-4906\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49889\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1f5df357.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bicycle Sailing on a Beach }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 main frame to consist of two boards, each about 16 ft. long, bent in the shape of a boat, to give plenty of room for turning the front wheel. On this main frame is built up a triangular mast, to carry the mainsail and jib, having a combined area of about 4
0 sq. ft. The frame is fastened to the bicycle by numerous pieces of rope. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sailing on a bicycle is very much different from sailing in a boat, for the bicycle leans up against the wind, in\-stead of heeling over with it as the boat. It takes some time to learn the supporting power of the wind, and the angle at which one must ride 
makes it appear that a fall is almost sure to re\-sult. A turn must be made by turning out of the wind, instead of, as in ordi\-nary sailing, into it; the boom support\-ing the bottom of the mainsail is then swung over to the opposite tack, when one is travel
ing at a good speed. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Removing Iodine Stains [425]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good way to chemically remove iodine stains from the hands or linen is to wash the stains in a strong solution of hypo sulphite of sodium, known as "hypo," which is procurable at any photographic-supply dealer's or drug store. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 There is no danger of using too strong a solution, but the best results are obtained with a mixture of 1 oz. of hypo to 2 oz. of water. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Drying Photograph Prints without Curling [425]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Having made some photograph prints at one time that I wanted to dry without the edges curling, I took an ordinary tin can and a strip of clean cotton cloth, as wide as the can was long, and wound it one turn around the can and then placed the prints, one a
fter the other, while they were damp, on the cloth, face downward, and proceeded to roll the cloth and prints quite close on the can. I then pinned the end of the cloth to keep it from unwinding and set the whole in a draft for drying. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The curvature of the can just about }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-1968\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert47681\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m47fe59ba.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rolling Up the Prints }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 counteracted the tendency of the coat\-ing on the paper to make the prints curl and when they were thoroughly dried and removed they remained nice and flat. --Contributed by W. H. Ep\-pens, Chicago. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Piercing Glass Plates with a Spark Coil [426]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Anyone possessing a 1-in. induction coil and a 1-qt. Leyden jar can easily perform the interesting experiment of piercing glass plates. Connect the Leyden jar to the induction coil as shown in the diagram. A discharger is now constructed of very dry wood a
nd boiled in paraffine for about 15 min\-utes. The main part of the discharger, A B, is a piece of wood about 6 in. long and to the middle of it is fastened a wood handle by means of one or two wood screws. A binding-post is fast\-ened to each end of the mai
n piece or at A and B as shown in the diagram. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-2376\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert63617\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m7a81382d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Puncturing Glass Plates }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two stiff brass wires of No. 14 gauge and 6 in. long, with a small brass ball attached to one end of each, are bent in an arc of a circle and attached one to each binding-post. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A plate of glass, G, is now placed between the two brass balls and the coil set in action. The plate will soon be pierced by the spark. Larger coils will pierce heavier glass plates. --Con\-tributed by I. Wolff, Brooklyn, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Still [426]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Remove the metal end of an old elec\-tric light globe. This can be done by soaking a piece of twine in alcohol and tying it around the globe at the place the break is to be made. Light the string and after it is burned off, turn cold water on the globe. The
 result will be a smooth break where the string was placed. Purchase a piece of glass tubing from your druggist and secure a cork that will fit the opening in the glass bulb. Bore a hole in the cork the right size for the glass tube to fit in tightly. If y
ou cannot get a glass tube with a bend in it, you will have to make a bend, as shown in the illus\-tration, by heating the tube at the right place over an alcohol lamp and allow\-ing the weight of the glass to make the bend while it is hot. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3600\absh-3235\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert36641\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m178dec10.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The Complete Still }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi187\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Insert the short end of the tube in the cork and place the other end in a test tube that is placed in water as shown. The globe may be fastened }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90 in }{\charscalex108 position by a wire passed through the cork and tied to a ring stand. If you do not have a ring stand, suspend
 the }{\charscalex109 globe by a wire from a hook that is screwed into any convenient place. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A neat alcohol lamp may be made of an old ink or muscilage bottle. Insert a wick in a piece of the glass tubing and put this through a hole bored in a cork and the lamp is ready to burn alcohol or kerosene. Alcohol is cleaner to use as a fuel. Fill the glo
be about two-thirds full of water or other liquid and apply the heat below as shown. The distilled liquid will collect in the test tube. --Contributed by Clarence D. Luther, Ironwood, Mich. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20 Old-Time {\charscalex109 Magic }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Balancing Forks on a Pin Head [427]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Two, three and four common table forks can be made to balance on a pin head as follows: Procure an empty bottle and insert a cork in the neck. Stick a pin in the center of this cork so that the end will be about 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex71  }{\charscalex109 in. above the tap. Procure another cor
k about 1 in. in diameter by 1-3/4}{\charscalex82  }{\charscalex109 in. long. The forks are now stuck into the latter cork at equal distances apart, each having the same angle from the cork. A long needle with a good sharp point is run through the cork with the forks and 1/2}{\charscalex56  }{\charscalex109 in. of the ne
edle end allowed to project through the lower end. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The point of the needle now may be placed on the pin head. The forks will balance and if given a slight push they will appear to dance. Different angles of the forks will produce various feats of balancing. --Contributed by O. E. Tronnes, Wilmette, Ill. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1872\absh-2333\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40257\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m25580d1c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Buttoned Cord [427]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cut a piece of heavy paper in the shape shown in Fig. 1 and make two cuts down the center and a slit as long as the two cuts are wide at a point about 1 in. below them. A string is put through the slit, the long cuts and back through the slit and then a  b
utton is fastened to each end. The small slit should not be so large as the but\-tons. The trick is to remove the string. The solution is quite simple. Fold the paper in the middle and the part between the long cuts will form a loop. Bend this loop down and
 pass it through the small slit. Turn the paper around and it will appear as shown in Fig. 2. One of the buttons may now be drawn through and the paper restored to its original shape. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3734\absh-3043\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert52865\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m76386701.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex115{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Removing the String }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Experiment with an Incandescent Lamp [427]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 When rubbing briskly an ordinary incandescent lamp on a piece of cloth and at the same time slightly revolving it, a luminous effect is produced similar to an X-ray tube. The room must be dark and the lamp per\-fectly dry to obtain good results. It ap\-pears
 that the inner surface of the globe becomes charged, probably by induc\-tion, and will some\-times hold the fila\-ment as shown in the sketch. --Contributed by E. W. Davis, Chicago. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1498\absh-2803\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert26177\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3b3486b6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Small Motor [428]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying sketch shows how to make a small motor to run on a battery of three or four dry cells and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3418\absh-3019\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39233\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_358c4d71.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Small Electric Motor }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 with sufficient power to run mechan\-ical toys. The armature is constructed, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, by using a common spool with 8 flat-headed screws placed at equal distances apart and in the middle of the spool. Each screw is wound with No. 24 gauge i
ron wire, as shown at A, Fig. 1. The com\-mutator is made from a thin piece of copper, 1 in. in diameter and cut as shown in Fig. 3, leaving 8 points, 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex65  }{\charscalex109 in. wide and 1/8}{\charscalex67  }{\charscalex109 in.- deep. The field is built up by using 8 strips of tin, 12 in. long and 2 in. wide
, riveted together and shaped as shown at B, Fig. 4. Field magnets are constructed by using two 3/8-in. bolts, 1-1/2}{\charscalex70  }{\charscalex109 in. long. A circular piece of cardboard is placed on each end of the bolt, leaving space enough for the bolt to pass through the field B, a
nd to receive a nut. Wind the re\-maining space between the cardboards with 30 ft. of No. 22 double-wound cotton-covered copper wire. A light frame of wood is built around the mag\-nets, as shown at C, Fig. 4. Holes are made in this frame to receive the axle
 of the armature. Two strips of cop\-per, 1/4}{\charscalex59\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. wide and 3 in. long, are used for the brushes. The armature is placed in position in its bearings and the brushes adjusted as shown in Fig. 4, one brush touching the shaft of the armature outside of the fram
e, and the other just touching the points of  the commutator, which is placed on the shaft inside of the frame. Connect the outside wire of one magnet to the inside wire of the other, and the re\-maining ends, one to the batteries and back to the brush that
 touches the shaft, while the other is attached to the brush touching the commutator. In making the frame for the armature bearings, care should be taken to get the holes for the shaft centered, and to see that the screws in the armature pass each bolt in 
the magnets at equal distances, which should be about 1/8}{\charscalex65  }{\charscalex109 in. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Aluminum Polish [428]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An emulsion of equal parts of rum and olive oil can be used for clean\-ing aluminum, says Blacksmith and Wheelwright. Potash lye, not too strong, is also effective in brightening aluminum, and benzol can be used for the same purpose. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good polish for aluminum consists of a paste formed of emery and tallow, the finish luster being obtained by the use of rouge powder and oil of turpentine. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Blowpipe [428]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Procure a clay pipe, a cork and a small glass or metal tube drawn to a small opening in one end. Make a hole in the cork just large enough to per\-mit the tube to pass through tightly so no air can pass out except through the hole in the tube. Put the tube 
in the hole with the small opening at the top }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3730\absh-2155\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4b2dea1f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Pipe Blowpipe }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 or projecting end. Push the cork into the bowl of the pipe and the blowpipe is ready for use. --Contributed by Wilbur Cryderman, Walkerton, Onto }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Substitute Sink or Bathtub Stopper [429]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi230\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Milk-bottle caps make good substi\-tutes for the regular rubber stoppers in sinks and bathtubs. The water soon destroys them, but as a new one usually is had each day, they can be used until a regular stopper is}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex130  }{\charscalex108 obtained. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A good permanent stopper can be made by cutting a hollow rubber re\-turn ball in half, using one part with the concave side up. It will fit the hole of any sink or bathtub. One ball thus makes two stoppers at a cost of about 5 cents. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Safety Tips on Chair Rockers [429]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Some rocking chairs are so con\-structed that when the person occupy\-ing it gives a hard tilt backward, the chair tips over or dangerously near it. A rubber-tipped screw turned into the under side of each rocker, near the rear end, will prevent the chair fr
om tipping too far back. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Toy Flier [429]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 While a great many people are look\-ing forward to the time when we shall successfully travel through the air, we all may study the problem of aerial navigation by constructing for our\-selves a small flying machine as illus\-trated in this article. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 A wing is made in the shape shown in Fig. 1 by cutting it from the large piece of an old tin can, after melting the solder and removing the ends. This wing is then given a twist so that one end will be just opposite the other and appear as shown in Fig. 2.
 Secure a common spool and drive two nails in one end, leaving at least 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex68  }{\charscalex108 in. of each nail projecting after the head has been removed. Two holes are made in the wing, exactly central, to fit on these two nails. Another nail is driven part way into the en
d of a stick, Fig. 4, and the remaining part is cut off so the length will be that of the spool. A string is used around the spool in the same manner as on a top. The wing is placed on the two nails in the spool, and the spool placed on the nail in the sti
ck, Fig. 5, and the flier is ready }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3408\absh-2486\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32961\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7f76ebea.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Homemade Flying Machine }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 for action. A quick pull on the string will cause the wing to leave the nails and soar upward for a hundred feet or more. After a little experience in twisting the wing the operator will learn the proper shape to get the best results. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Be very careful in making the tests before the wings are turned to the proper shape, as the direction of the flier cannot be controlled and some one might be injured by its flight. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Ironing-Board Stand [429]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure some 1 by 3-in. boards, about 3 ft. long, and plane them smooth. Cut the two pieces A and B 30 in. long and make a notch in each of them, about one-third of the way from one end, 1 in. deep and 3 in. long. These }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3283\absh-2400\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert6049\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_597a0fbf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ironing-Board Stand }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 notches are to receive the piece D, which has a small block fastened to its side to receive the end of the brace C. The brace C is 36 in. long. The }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 upper ends of the pieces A, B and C are fastened to a common ironing board by using iron hinges as shown in 
Fig. 1. As the piece D is fitted loosely, it may be removed and the brace, C, with the legs, A and B, fold\-ed up against the board. --Contributed by Bert Kottinger, San Jose, Cal.}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Electric Plug [430]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1901\absh-1613\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41377\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6b92835e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A plug suitable for electric light extension or to be used in experiment\-ing may be made from an old electric globe. The glass is removed with all the old com\-position in the brass receptacle, leaving only the wires. On the ends of the wires, attach two sm
all binding \-posts. Fill the brass with plaster of paris, and in doing this keep the wires separate and the binding-posts opposite each other. Allow the plaster to pro\-ject about  3/4 in. above the brass, to hold the binding-posts as shown.\- --Contributed 
by Albert E. Welch, New York.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make an Electric Fire Alarm [430]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 On each end of a block of wood, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 1 }{\charscalex106 in. square and 1 in. long, fasten a strip of brass  1/4}{\charscalex139\f4  }{\charscalex106 by 3 in., bent in the shape as shown in the sketch at A, Fig; 1. These strips should have suf\-ficient bend to allow the points to press tightly together. A piece of b
ees\-wax, W, is inserted between the points }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3346\absh-2256\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert7841\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3703fd8c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1\tx1767{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab Fire Alarm Device{\charscalex91  }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex91{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 of the brass strips to keep them apart and to form the insulation. A binding \-post, B, is attached to each brass strip on the ends of the block of wood. The device is fastened to the wall or ceil\-ing, and wire connections made to the batteries and bells as
 shown in the dia\-gram, Fig. 2. When the room becomes a little overheated the wax will melt and cause the brass strips to spring together, which will form the circuit and make the bell ring. Each room in the house may be connected with one of these devices
, and all on one circuit with one bell.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Boy's Car [430]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3346\absh-2328\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10625\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2d0cfe7e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Boys' Home-Made Auto }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The accompanying cut shows how a boy may construct his own auto car. The car consists of parts used from a boy's wagon and some old bicycle parts. The propelling device is made by using the hanger, with all its parts, from a bicycle. A part of the bicycle 
frame is left attached to the hanger and is fast\-ened to the main board of the car by blocks of wood as shown. The chain of a bicycle is used to connect the crank hanger sprocket to a small sprocket fastened in the middle of the rear axle of the car. The f
ront axle is fastened to a square block of wood, which is pivoted to the main board. Ropes are attached to the front axle and to the back part of the main board to be used with the feet in steering the car. To propel the auto, turn the cranks by taking hol
d of the bicycle pedals. --\-Contributed' by Anders Neilsen, Oak\-land, Cal. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Photographs in Relief Easily Made [431]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Relief photographs, although appar\-ently difficult to produce, can be made by any amateur photographer. The negative is made in the usual way and, }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7037\absh-7906\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert5505\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m51213ffd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Reproduced from a Relief Photograph }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 when ready for printing, a positive or transparency is made from it in the same manner as a lantern slide or win\-dow transparency, says the Sketch, London. Use the same size plate as the negative for the transparency. To make the print in relief place the 
posi\-tive in the frame first with the film side out and the negative on top of this with the film side up in the usual man\-ner. Put in the paper and print. This will require a greater length of time than with the ordinary negative on account of printing th
rough double glass and films. In using printing-out papers care should be taken to place the printing frame in the same position and angle after each examination. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Wireless Tip [431]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place the transmitting instruments of a wireless outfit as close together as possible. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Wireless Telephone [432]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A noted French scientist, Bour\-bouze, was able to keep up communi\-cation with the outside during the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3341\absh-3062\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert27041\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_16b35d84.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Wireless Phone Installation }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 siege of Paris by making practical ap\-plication of the earth currents. The distance covered is said to have been about 30 miles. Another scientist was able to telephone through the earth without the aid of wires. Nothing, however, has been made public as t
o how this was accomplished. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is my object to unveil the mystery and to render this field accessible to others, at least to a certain degree, for I have by no means completed my re\-searches in this particular work. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In order to establish a wireless com\-munication between two points we need first of all a hole or well in the ground at each point. In my experi\-ments I was unable to get a deep well, but the instruments worked fine for a distance of 200 ft., using wells a
bout 25 ft. deep. As in ordinary telephone lines, we require a transmitter and re\-ceiver at each point. These must be of the long-distance type. If a hole is dug or a well is found suitable for the purpose, a copper wire is hung in the opening, allowing th
e end to touch the bottom. To make the proper con\-tact an oval or round-but not pointed -copper plate is attached to the end of the wire. If a well is used, it is necessary to have a waterproof cable for the part running through the wa\-ter. The top end is 
attached to the telephone transmitter and receiver, as in the ordinary telephone, to the bat\-teries and to a zinc plate, which is to be buried in the earth a few feet away from the well or hole, and not more than 1 ft. under the surface. A battery of four 
dry cells is used at each station. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Both stations are connected in the same way, as shown in the sketch. This makes it possible for neighbors to use their wells as a means of com\-munication with each other. --Contrib\-uted by A. E. Joerin. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Eyelets for Belts [432]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If eyelets, such as used in shoes, are put into the lace holes of a belt, the belt will last much longer. The eye\-lets, which may be taken from old shoes, will prevent the lace from tear\-ing out. I have used this method on several kinds of belts, always wi
th en\-tire satisfaction. --Contributed by Irl R. Hicks. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Life Buoy [432]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Any boy may be able to make, for himself or friends, a life buoy for emergency use in a rowboat or for learning}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex128\f4  }{\charscalex113 to }{\charscalex108 swim. Pur\-chase 1-3/4 yd. of 30-in. can\-vas and cut two circular pieces, 30 in. in diameter, also cutting a round hole in the center of them,
 14 in. in diameter. These two pieces are sewed together on the outer and inner edges, leaving a space, about 12 in. in length, open on the outer seam. Secure some of the cork used in packing Malaga grapes from a grocery or confectionery store and pack it 
into the pocket formed be\-tween the seams through the hole left in the outer edge. When packed full and tight sew up the remaining space in the seam. Paint the outside surface and the seams well with white paint to make it water-tight. --Contributed by Wil
l Hare, Petrolea, Onto }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1939\absh-1901\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert18113\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m44d44527.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Microscope [433]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 A great many times we would like to examine a seed, an insect or the fiber of a piece of wood but have no magnifier handy. A very good micro\-scope may be made out of the bulb of a broken thermometer. Empty out the mer\-cury, which is easily done by holding 
the bulb with the stem down over a lamp or candle. A spirit lamp is the best, as it makes no smoke and gives a steady heat. Warm the bulb slowly and the mercury will be expelled and may be caught in a tea cup. Do not heat too fast, or the pres\-sure of the 
mercury vapor may burst the glass bulb, cautions the Woodwork\-ers' Review. To fill the bulb with water warm it and immerse the end of the tube in the water. Then allow it to cool and the pressure of the air will force the water into the bulb. Then boil the
 water gently, holding the bulb with the stem up; this will drive out all}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex61  }{\charscalex105 the air, and by turning the stem or tube down and placing the end in water the bulb will be completely filled. It is surprising how much can be seen by means of such a simple apparat
us. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1555\absh-1382\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19969\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m75ea8cb2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Novel Electric Time Alarm [433]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 All time alarms run by clockwork must be wound and set each time. The accompanying diagram shows how to make the connection that will ring a bell by electric current at the time set without winding the alarm. The bell is removed from an ordinary alarm }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3202\absh-2064\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62241\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m69bfcfec.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Time Alarm }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 clock and a small metal strip attached, as shown at }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20B. {\charscalex105 An insulated connec\-tion is fastened on the clapper of the bell, as shown at A. The arm holding the clapper must be bent to have the point A remain as close to the strip }B {\charscalex105 as possible without touching 
it. The connection to the battery is made as shown. When the time set for the alarm comes the clapper will be moved far enough to make the contact. In the course of a minute the catch on the clapper arm will be released and the clapper will return to its f
ormer place. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ul\charscalex163{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Phonograph Record Cabinet [433]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The core, Fig. 1, consists of six strips of wood beveled so as to form six equal sides. The strips are 3 ft. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3293\absh-2645\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62625\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_1338e80a.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Phonograph Wax Record Case }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 long and 3 in. wide on the outside bevel and are nailed to three\'b7 blocks made hexagon, as shown in Fig. 2, from 7/8-in. material. One block is placed at each end and one in the middle. A 1/2-in. metal pin is driven in a hole bored in the center of each end
 block. The bottoms of the pasteboard cases, used to hold the wax records, are either tacked or glued to this hexagon core, as shown in Fig. 3, with their open ends outward. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Two circular pieces are made of such a diameter as will cover the width of the core and the cases attached, and extend about 1/2 in. each side. A 1/2-in. hole is bored in the center of these pieces to receive the pins placed in the }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20ends of the core, Fig. 1
. These will form the ends of the cabinet, and when placed, one on each end of the core, heavy building paper or sheet metal is tacked around them for a covering, as shown in Fig. 4. A small glass door is made, a little wider than one row of cases, and fit
ted in one side of the covering. The outside may be painted or decorated in any way to suit the builder.  }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Experiments with a Mirror [434]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ask your friend if he can decipher the sign as illustrated in the sketch, Fig. 1, which you pretend to have read over the shop of an Armenian shoe\-maker. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3187\absh-1670\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert61153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m513cdb8f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 He will probably tell you that he is not conversant with Oriental lan\-guages. He will not believe it if you tell him it is written in good English, but place a frameless mirror perpen\-dicularly on the mysterious script, right across the quotation marks, an
d it will appear as shown in Fig. 2. We understand at once that the reflected image is the faithful copy of the writ\-ten half. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With the aid of a few books arrange the mirror and the paper as shown in Fig. 3 and ask your friend to write anything he chooses, with the condition that he shall see his hand and read the script in the mirror only. The writer will probably go no farther t
han the first letter. His hand seems to be struck with paralysis and unable to write anything but zigzags, says Scientific American. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Another experiment may be made by taking an egg shell and trimming it with the scissors so as to reduce it to a half shell. In the hollow bottom rough\-ly draw with your pencil a cross with pointed ends. Bore a hole, about the size or a pea, in the center o
f the cross. Place yourself so as to face a window, the light falling upon your face, not upon the mirror which you hold in one hand. Close one eye. Place the shell between the other eye and the mirror, at a distance of 2 or 3 in. from either, the concavit
y facing the mirror as shown in Fig. 4. Through the hole in the shell look at the mirror as if it were some distant object. While you are so doing the concave shell will suddenly assume a strongly con\-vex appearance. To destroy the illu\-sion it becomes nec
essary either to open both eyes or to withdraw the shell away from the mirror. The nearer the shell to the mirror and the farther the eye from the shell the more readily comes the illusion.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4762\absh-2237\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert47905\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m4d15a225.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experimenting with a Mirror }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Miniature Electric Lamps [434]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi220\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After several years' research there has been produced a miniature electric bulb that is a great improvement and a decided departure from the old kind which used a carbon filament. A me\-tallic filament prepared by a secret chemical process and suspended in 
the bulb in an S-shape is used instead of the old straight span. The voltage is gauged by the length of the span. The brilliancy of the filament excels any\-thing of its length in any voltage. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Of course, the filament is not made of the precious metal, radium; that simply being the trade name. How\-ever, the filament is composed of cer\-tain metals from which radium is ex\-tracted. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3187\absh-2342\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert25953\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6f72e9bd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Types of "Radium" Lamps }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The advantages of the new bulb are manifold. It gives five times the light on the same voltage and uses one-half of the current consumed by the old carbon filament. One of the disadvan\-tages of the old style bulb was the glass tip which made a shadow. This
 has been obviated in the radium bulb by blowing the tip on the side, as shown in the sketch, so as to produce no shadow. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Magazine Clamp [435]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This device as shown in the illustra\-tion can be used to hold newspa\-pers and maga\-zines while read\-ing. Two pieces of wood are cut as shown, one with a slot to fit over the back of a magazine and the other notched to serve as a clamp. The piece, A, may be
 slotted wide enough to insert two or three magazines and made long enough to hold several newspapers. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1891\absh-2083\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert29153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_a7d4e38.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Pewter Finish for Brass [435]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A color resembling pewter may be given to brass by boiling the castings in a cream of tartar solution containing a small amount of chloride of tin. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Drowning a Dog's Bark with Water [435]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The owner of two dogs was very much annoyed by the dogs barking at night. It began to be such a nuisance that the throwing of old shoes and empty bottles did not stop the noise. The only thing that seemed to put a stop to it was water. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3262\absh-3530\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert47617\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_212afc3b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex111{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Water Treatment for Dog's Bark }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Being on the third floor of the house, and a little too far from the kennel to throw the water effectively, a mechan\-ism was arranged as shown in the sketch. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A faucet for the garden hose was directly below the window. An 8-in. wooden grooved pulley was slipped over an axle which had one end fitted on the handle of the faucet. A rope was extended to the window on the third floor and passed around the pul\-ley sev
eral times, thence over an iron pulley fastened to the wall of the house and a weight was attached to its end. By pulling the rope up at the window the large pulley would turn on the water and when released the weight would shut off the flow. The nozzle wa
s fastened so as to direct the stream where it would do the most good. --\-Contributed by A. S. Pennoyer, Berke\-ley, Cal. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Cost of Water [435]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The average cost of supplying 1,000,\-000 gal. of water, based on the report of twenty-two cities, is $92. This sum includes operating expenses and inter\-est on bonds. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex108\b How to Make a Wondergraph [436] }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 By F. E. TUCK }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An exceedingly interesting machine is the so-called wondergraph. It is easy and cheap to make and will fur\-nish both entertainment and instruc\-tion for young and old. It is a draw\-ing machine, and the variety of designs it will produce, all symmetrical and
 ornamental and some wonderfully complicated, is almost without limit. Fig. 1 represents diagrammatically the machine shown in the sketch. This is the easiest to make and gives fully as great a variety of results as any other. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 To a piece of wide board or a dis\-carded box bottom, three grooved cir\-cular disks are fastened with screws so as to revolve freely about the centers. They may be sawed from pieces of thin board or, better still, three of the plaques so generally used in b
urnt-. wood work may be bought for about 15 cents. Use the largest one for the re\-volving table T.  G is the guide wheel and D the driver with attached handle. Secure a piece of a 36-in. ruler, which can be obtained from any furniture dealer, and nail a sm
all block, about 1 in. thick, to one end and drill a hole through both the ruler and the block, and pivot them by means of a wooden peg to the face of the guide wheel. A fountain pen, or pencil, is placed at P and held securely by rubber bands in a grooved
 block attached to the ruler. A strip of wood, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20MN, {\charscalex109 is fastened to one end of the board. This strip is made just high enough to keep the ruler parallel with the face of the table, and a row of small nails are driven part way into its upper edge. Anyone of t
hese nails may be used to hold the other end of the ruler in position, as shown in the sketch. If the wheels are not true, a belt tightener, B, may be attached and held against the belt by a spring or rubber band. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7037\absh-2376\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert63617\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_13d792b4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An Easily Made Wondergraph }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After the apparatus is adjusted so it will run smoothly, fasten a piece of drawing paper to the table with a cou\-ple of thumb tacks, adjust the pen so that it rests lightly on the paper and turn the drive wheel. The results will be surprising and delightfu
l. The accompanying designs were made with a very crude combination of pulleys and belts, such as described. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The machine should have a speed that will cause the pen to move over the paper at the same rate as in ordi\-nary writing. The ink should flow freely from the pen as it passes over the paper. A very fine pen may be necessary to prevent the lines from running
 together. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The dimensions of the wondergraph may vary. The larger designs in the illustration were made on a table, 8 in. in diameter, which was driven by a guide wheel, 6 in. in diameter. The size of the driver has no effect on the form or dimensions of the design, 
but a change in almost any other part of the machine has a marked effect on the results obtained. If the penholder is made so that it may be fastened at va\-rious positions along the ruler, and the guide wheel has holes drilled through it at different dista
nces from the center }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7037\absh-5352\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9057\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_795da766.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Diagrams Showing Construction of Wonder graphs }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 to hold the peg attaching the ruler, these two adjustments, together with the one for changing the other end of the ruler by the rows of nails, will make a very great number of combina\-tions possible. Even a slight change will greatly modify a figure or gi
ve an entirely new one. Designs may be changed by simply twisting the belt, thus reversing the direction of the table. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If an arm be fastened to the ruler at right angles to it, containing three or four grooves to hold the pen, still dif\-ferent figures will be obtained. A novel effect is made by fastening two pens to this arm at the same time, one filled with red ink and th
e other with black ink. The designs will be quite dissim\-ilar and may be one traced over the other or one within the other accord\-ing to the relative position of the pens. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Again change the size of the guide wheel and note the effect. If the diameter of the table is a multiple of that of the guide wheel, a complete fig\-ure of few lobes will result as shown by the one design in the lower right \-hand corner of the illustration.
 With a very flexible belt tightener an ellip\-tical guide wheel may be used. The axis may be taken at one of the foci or at the intersection of the axis of the ellipse. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The most complicated adjustment is to mount the table on the face of an\-other disc, table and disc revolving in opposite directions. It will go}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72  }{\charscalex106 through a long series of changes without com\-pleting any figure and then will repeat itself. The diameters may b
e made to vary from the fraction of an inch to as large a diameter as the size of the table permits. The designs given here were originally traced on drawing paper 6 in. square. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 Remarkable and complex as are the curves produced in this manner, yet they are but the results obtained by combining simultaneously two simple motions as may be shown in the fol\-lowing manner: Hold the table sta\-tionary and the pen will trace an oval. But }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20
{\charscalex112 if }{\charscalex106 the guide wheel is secured in a fixed position and the table is revolved a circle will be the result. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 So much for the machine shown in }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw6907\absh-5890\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert8833\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_ba5b907.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Specimen Scrolls Made on the Wondergraph }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 1. The number of the modifica\-tions of this simple contrivance is lim\-ited only by the ingenuity of the maker. Fig. 2 speaks for itself. One end of the ruler is fastened in such a way as to have a to-and-fro motion over the arc of a circle and the spe
ed of the table is geared down by the addition of another wheel with a small pulley at\-tached. This will give many new de\-signs. In Fig. 3 the end of the ruler is held by a rubber band against the edge of a thin triangular piece of wood which is attached t
o the face of the fourth wheel. By substituting other plain figures for the triangle, or out\-lining them with small finishing nails, many curious modifications such as are shown by the two smallest designs in the illustrations may be obtained. It is necess
ary, if symmetrical designs are to be made, that the fourth wheel and the guide wheel have the same diameter. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In Fig. 4, V and W are vertical wheels which may be successfully connected with the double horizontal drive wheel if the pulley between the two has a wide flange and is set at the proper angle. A long strip of paper is given a uniform rectilinear motion as
 the string attached to it is wound around the axle, V. The pen, P, has a motion compounded of two simultaneous mo\-tions at right angles to each other given by the two guide wheels. Designs such as shown as a border at the top and bottom of the illustratio
n are obtained in this way. If the vertical wheels are disconnected and the paper fastened in place the well known Lissajou's curves are obtained. These curves may be traced by various methods, but this ar\-rangement is about the simplest of them all. The d
esign in this case will change as the ratio of the diameters of the two guide wheels are changed. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 These are only a few of the many adjustments that are possible. Fre\-quently some new device will give a figure which is apparently like one ob}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex106 tained in some other way, yet, if you will watch the way in which the two are commenced and developed into the com
\-plete design you will find they are formed quite differently. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The average boy will take delight in making a wondergraph and in invent\-ing the many improvements that are sure to suggest themselves to him. At all events it will not be time thrown away, for, simple as the contrivance is, it will arouse latent energies w
hich may develop along more useful lines in ma\-turer years. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a 110-Volt Trans\-former [439]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure two magnets from a telephone bell, or a set of magnets wound for 2,000 ohms. Mount them on a bar of brass or steel as shown in Fig. 1. Get an empty cocoa can and clean it good to remove all particles of cocoa and punch five holes in the cover, as sh
own in Fig. 2. The middle hole is to be used to fasten the cover to the brass bar with a bolt. The other four holes are for the wire terminals. A piece of rubber tubing must be placed over the wire terminals before inserting them in the holes. Fill the can
 with crude oil, or with any kind of oil except kerosene}
\par  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3197\absh-2995\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert45761\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3f78c262.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Parts of the Transformer }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 oil, and immerse the magnets in it by fitting the cover on tight (Fig. 3). The connections are made as shown in the diagram, Fig. 5. This device may be used on 110-volt current for electro-plating and small battery lamps, pro\-vided the magnets are wound wi
th wire no larger than No. 40. --Contributed by C. M. Rubsan, Muskogee, Okla. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Experiment with a Vacuum [439]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3350\absh-2189\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert62145\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_28680a2b.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experimental Apparatus }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take any kitchen utensil used for frying purposes-an ordinary skillet, or spider, works best-having a smooth inner bottom surface, and turn in water to the depth of 1/2 in. Cut a piece of cardboard circular to fit the bottom of the spider and make a hole i
n the cen\-ter 4 in. in diameter. The hole will need to correspond to the size of the can used. It should be 1 in. less in diameter than that of the can. Place this cardboard in the bottom of the spider under the water. A 2-qt. syrup can or pail renders the
 best demonstra\-tion, although good results may be ob\-tained from the use of an ordinary to\-mato can. The edge of the can must have no indentations, so it will fit per\-fectly tight all around on the card\-board. Place the can bottom side up and evenly over 
the hole in the card\-board. Put a sufficient weight on the can to prevent it moving on the card\-board, but not too heavy, say, l lb. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place the spider with its adjusted contents upon a heated stove. Soon the inverted can will begin to agitate. When this agitation finally ceases re\-move the spider from the stove, being careful not to move the can, and if the quickest results are desired, 
apply snow, ice or cold water to the surface of the can until the sides begin to flatten. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The spider with its entire contents }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 may now be lifted by taking hold of the can. When the vacuum is com\-plete the sides of the can will sudden\-ly collapse, and sometimes, with a con\-siderable report, jump from the spider. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The cause of the foregoing phenom\-enon is that the circular hole in the cardboard admits direct heat from the surface of the spider. This heat causes the air in the can to expand, which is allowed to escape by agitation, the water and the cardboard acting 
as a valve to prevent its re-entrance. When the enclosed air is expelled by the heat and a vacuum is formed by the cooling, the above results are obtained as de\-scribed. --Contributed by N. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex135 J. }{\charscalex105 Mc\-Lean. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Making of Freak Photographs [440]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 An experiment that is interesting and one that can be varied at the pleas\-ure of the operator, is the taking of his own picture. The effect secured, as shown in the accompanying sketch, re\-produced in pen and ink from a pho\-tograph, is that made by the pho
tog\-rapher himself. At first it seems im\-possible to secure such a picture, but when told that a mirror was used the process is then known to be a simple one. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The mirror is set in such a way as to allow the camera and operator, when standing directly in front of it, to be }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3370\absh-2606\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9025\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4f779baf.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photographing the Photographer }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 in a rather strong light. The camera is focused, shutter set and plate holder made ready. The focusing cloth is thrown over your head, the position taken as shown, and the exposure made by the pressure of the teeth on the bulb while held between them.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Hand Car Made of Pipe and Fittings [440]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Although apparently complicated, the construction of the miniature hand car shown in the accompanying illustration is very simple. With a few ex\-ceptions all the parts are short lengths of pipe and common tees, elbows and nipples. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The wheels were manufactured for use on a baby carriage. The sprocket wheel and chain were taken from a discarded bicycle, which was also drawn upon for the cork handle used on the steering lever. The floor is made of  1-in. white pine, 14 in. wide and 48 
in. long, to which are bolted ordinary flanges to hold the framing and the, propelling and steering apparatus to\-gether. The axles were made from 3/8 }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20\-{\charscalex105 in. shafting. The fifth wheel consists of two small flanges working on the face surfaces. These flanges a
nd the auxiliary steering rod are connected to the axles by means of holes stamped in the piece of sheet iron which encases the axle. The sheet iron was first prop\-erly stamped and then bent around the axle. The levers for propelling and steering the car w
ork in fulcrums made }{\charscalex106 for use in lever valves. The turned wooden handles by which these levers are operated were inserted through holes drilled in the connecting tees. The working joint for the steering and hand levers consists of a 1/2 by 3/8 by 3/8 }{\charscalex115 \-}{\charscalex106 in. t
ee, a 1/2 by 3/8 in. cross and a piece of rod threaded on both ends and screwed into the tee. The cross is reamed and, with the rod, forms a bearing. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3442\absh-3710\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert58497\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5cebe252.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Boy's Hand Car }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The operation of this little hand car is very similar in principle to that of the ordinary tricycle, says Domestic Engineering. The machine can be pro\-pelled as fast as a boy can run. It re\-sponds readily to the slightest move\-ment of the steering lever. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Rustic Seat [441]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex106 The rustic settee illustrated in Fig. 1 may be made 6 ft. long, which will ac\-commodate four average-sized persons. It is not advisable to exceed this length, as then it would look out of proportion, says the Wood-Worker. Select the ma\-terial for the posts
, and for preference branches that are slightly curved, as shown in the sketch. The front posts are about 3-1/2 in. in diameter by 2 ft. 4 in. long. The back posts are 3 ft. 4 in. high, while the center post is 3 ft. 8 in. in height. The longitudinal and t
rans\-verse rails are about 3 in. in diameter and their ends are pared away to fit the post to which they are connected by 1-in. diameter dowels. This method is shown in Fig. 4. The dowel holes are bored at a distance of 1 ft. 2-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex81  }{\charscalex106 in, up from the lower en
ds of posts. The front center leg is partially halved to the front rail and also connected to the back post by a bearer, 4 in. deep by 1-1/2 in. thick. This bearer is tenoned to the back post. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of the bearer joint to front leg, and also the half-round seat battens resting on the bearer, also showing them with their edges planed. It is advisable to have a space between the edges of each bat\-ten, say about 1-8 in., to 
allow rain\-water to drain. The ends of the seat battens are pared away to fit the trans\-verse rails neatly as shown in Fig. 2. The struts for the post range in diam\-eter from 1-1/2 in. to 2 in. The ends of the struts are pared to fit the posts and }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7104\absh-2842\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24545\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_56349130.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi1809\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rustic Seat and Details of Construction }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 rails, and are then secured with two or three brads at each end. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Select curved pieces, about 2-1/2 in. in diameter, for the arm rests and back rails; while the diagonally placed fill\-ing may be about 2 in. in diameter. Start with the shortest lengths, cut\-ting them longer than required, as the paring necessary to fit th
em to the rails and posts shortens them a little. Brad them in position as they are fitted, and try to arrange them at regular inter\-vals. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Heated Steering Wheel [441]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Motorists that suffer with cold hands while driving their cars may have relief by using a steering wheel that is pro\-vided with electric heat. An English invention describes a steering wheel with a core that carries two electrically heated coils insulated 
one from the other and from the outer rim. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\b Homemade Workbench [442] }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex129 By C. }E. McKINNEY, Jr. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The first appliance necessary for the boy's workshop is a workbench. The average boy that desires to construct his own apparatus as much as possible can make the bench as described here\-in. Four pieces of 2 by 4-in. pine are cut 23 in. long for the legs, a
nd a tenon made on each end of them, 1/2 in. thick, 3-1/2 in. wide and 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex109 in. long, as shown }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7171\absh-3778\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert10241\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_65ae5a16.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Construction of Homemade Workbench }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 at A and B, Fig. 1. The crosspieces at the top and bottom of the legs are made from the same material and cut 20 in. long. A mortise is made 1-1/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex54\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. from each end of these pieces and in the narrow edge of them, as shown at C and D, Fig. 1. The corners ar
e then cut sloping from the edge of the leg out and to the middle of the piece, as shown. When each pair of legs are fitted to a pair of crosspieces they will form the two supports for the bench. These supports are held together and braced with two braces 
or connecting pieces of 2 by 4-in. pine, 24 in. long. The joints are made between the ends of these pieces and the legs by boring a hole through each leg and into the center of each end of the braces to a depth of 4 in., as shown at J,} {\charscalex109 Fig. 2. On the back 
side of the braces bore holes, intersecting the other holes, for a place to insert the nut of a bolt, as shown at HH. Four 3/8}{\charscalex64  }{\charscalex109 by 6-in, bolts are placed in the holes bored, and the joints are drawn together as shown at J.}{\charscalex81\f4  }{\charscalex109 The ends of the two braces must be
 sawed off perfectly square to make the supports stand up straight. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In making this part of the bench be sure to have the joints fit closely and to draw the bolts up tight on the stretchers. There is nothing quite so annoying as to have the bench support sway while work is being done on its top. It would be well to add a cr
oss brace on the back side to prevent any rocking while planing boards, if the bench is to be used for large work. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 The main top board M, Fig. 2, may be either made from one piece of 2 by 12-in. plank, 3-1/2 ft. long, or made up of 14 strips of maple, 7/8 in. thick by 2 in. wide and 3-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\i  }{\charscalex109 ft. long, set on edge, each strip glued and screwed to its neighbor. When building
 up a top like this be careful to put the strips to\-gether with the grain running in the same direction so the top may be planed smooth. The back board N is the same length as the main top board M, 8-1/2 in. wide and only 7/8}{\f4  }{\charscalex109 in. thick, which is fitted int
o a 1/2-in. rabbet in back of the board M. These boards form the top of the bench, and are f}{\charscalex105 astened to the top pieces of the sup\-ports with long screws. The board E is 10 in. wide and nailed to the back of the bench. On top of this board and at right angle
s with it is fastened a 2-1/2-in. board, F. These two boards are 7/8}{\charscalex83\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. thick and 3-1/2 ft. long. Holes are bored or notches are cut in the pro\-jecting board, F, to hold tools. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 Details of the vise are shown in Fig. 3, which is composed of a 2 by 6-in. block 12 in. long, into which is fast\-ened an iron bench screw, S. Two guide rails, GG, 7/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex87\f4  }{\charscalex105 by 1-1/2 in. and 20 in. long, are fastened into mortises of the block as shown at KK, and
 they slide in corresponding mortises in a piece of 2 by 4-in. pine bolted to the under side of the main top board as shown at L. The bench screw nut is fastened in the 2 by 4-in. piece, L, between the two mortised holes. This piece, L, is se\-curely nailed
 to one of the top cross pieces, C, of the supports and to a piece of 2 by 4-in. pine, P, that is bolted to the under sides of the top boards at the end of the bench. The bolts and the bench screw can be purchased from any hardware store for less than one 
dollar. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Forming Coils to Make Flexible Wire Connections [443]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 When connections are made to bells and batteries with small copper wires covered with cotton or silk, it is neces\-sary to have a coil in a short piece of the line to make it flexible. A good way to do this is to provide a short rod about 3/16}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex78\f4  }{\charscalex105 in. in diamet
er cut with a slit in one end to hold the wire and a loop made on the other end to turn with the fingers. The end of the wire is }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3322\absh-1085\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32737\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_7ce99fa0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Forming Wire Coils }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 placed in the slit and the coil made around the rod by turning with the loop end. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Photographing the North Star [443]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The earth revolving as upon an axis is inclined in such a position that it points toward the North Star. To an observer in the northern hemisphere the effect is the same as if the heavens revolved with the North star as a center. A plate exposed in a camer
a which is pointed toward that part of the sky on a clear night records that effect in a striking manner. The accompanying illustration is from a pho\-tograph taken with an exposure of about three hours, and the trace of the stars shown on the plate by a se
ries of concentric circles are due to the rota\-tion of the earth. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex105 The bright arc of the circle nearest the center is the path of the North star. The other arcs are the impres\-sions left by neighboring stars, and it will be noticed that their brightness varies with their relative brilliancy. Many are so faint as to be sca
rcely dis\-tinguished, and, of course, telescopic power would reveal myriads of heav\-enly bodies which leave no trace on a plate in an ordinary camera. The North or pole star is commonly con\-sidered at a point directly out from the axis of the earth, but th
e photo\-graph shows that it is not so located. The variation is known astronomically to be 1-1/4 deg. There is a slight ir\-regularity in the position of the earth's }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20axis, but the changes are so slow as to be noticed only by the lapse of a thousand years. F
ive thousand years ago the pole star was Draconis, and in eighteen thousand years it will be Lyrae. We have direct evidence of the change of the earth's axis in one of the Egyptian pyramids where an aper\-ture marked the position of the pole star in ancient
 times, and from this it is now deviated considerable. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 This experiment is within the reach of everyone owning a camera. The photograph shown was taken by an ordinary instrument, using a standard plate of common speed. The largest stop was used and the only requirement beyond this is to adjust the camera in a p
osition at the proper inclination and to make the exposure for as long as desired. On long winter nights the ex\-posure may be extended to 12 hours, in which event the curves would be length\-ened to full half-circles. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1024{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4466\absh-4379\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert8897\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3215dfd1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photograph of the North Star }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The North star is one of the easiest to locate in the entire heavens. The constellation known as the Great Dip\-per is near by, and the two stars that mark the corners of the dipper on the extremity farthest from the handle lie in a line that passes across 
the North star. These two stars in the Great Dipper are called the pointers. The North Star is of considerable brilliancy, though by no means the brightest in that part of the heavens. --Contributed by O. S. B. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Relight a Match [444]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A match may be a small thing on which to practice economy and yet a great many }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 times one wishes to relight{\charscalex129\f4  }a match either for economy or ne\-cessity. The usu\-al method is to place the burnt portion of the match in the flame to be re\-lighted as shown }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1901\absh-2381\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert33153\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_42ee14e9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 in Fig. 1. It is very hard to relight the charred end and usually burnt fingers are the result of pushing the match farther in the flame. Hold the burnt end in the fingers and place the other end in the flame as shown in Fig. 2. A light will be secured qui
ckly and the flame will only follow the stick to the old burnt portion. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Home-Made Hand Drill [444]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 In the old kitchen tool box I found a rusty egg beater of the type shown in Fig. 1. A shoemaker friend  donated a pegging awl, Fig. 2, discarded by him due to a broken handle. With these two pieces of apparatus I made a hand drill for light work in wood or
 metal. By referring to Fig. 3 the chuck, A, with stem, B, were taken from the awl. The long wire beater was taken from the beater frame and a wire nail, 0, soldered to the frame, D, in the place of the wire. The flat arms were cut off and shaped as shown 
by E. The hole in the small gear, G, was drilled out and a tube, F, fitted and soldered to both the gear and the arms E. This tube, with the gear and arms, was slipped over the nail, 0, then a washer and, after cutting to the proper length the nail was riv
eted to make a loose yet neat fit for the small gear. The hand drill was then completed by soldering the stem, B, of the chuck to the ends of the flat arms E. Drills were made by breaking off sewing-machine needles above the eye as shown in Fig. 4 at A, an
d the end ground to a drill point. --Contributed by R. B. {\charscalex111 J., }Shippensburg, Pa. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3350\absh-2688\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert56097\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_345d6920.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Details of Hand Drill Construction }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Stationary Windmill [445]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A windmill that can be made sta\-tionary and will run regardless of the }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3427\absh-2266\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4153fd16.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Runs in Any Wind }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 direction of the wind is here illus\-trated. Mills of this kind can be built of larger size and in some localities have been used for pumping water. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two semi-circular surfaces are se\-cured to the axle at right angles to each other and at 45 deg. angle with that of the axle as shown in Fig. 2. This axle and wings are mounted in bearings on a solid or stationary stand or frame. By mounting a pulley on th
e axle with the wings it can be used to run toy machinery. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Electric Anesthesia [445]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is a well known fact that mag\-netism is used to demagnetize a watch, and that frost is drawn out of a frozen member of the body by the application of snow. Heat is also drawn out of a burned hand by holding it close to the fire, then gradually drawing i
t away. The following experiment will show how a comparatively feeble electric cur\-rent can undo the work of a strong one. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 I once tried to electrocute a rat which was caught in a wire basket trap and accidentally discovered a painless method. I say painless, because the rodent does not object to a second or third experiment after recovering, and is apparently rigid and without
 feeling while under its influence. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To those who would like to try the experiment I will say that my outfit consisted of an induction coil with a 3/8-in. iron core about 3 in. long. The primary coil was wound with four lay\-ers of No. 20 wire and the secondary contains 4 oz. No. 32 wire, and 
used on one cell of bichromate of potash plunge battery. The proper amount of current used can be determined by giv\-ing the rodent as much as a healthy man would care to take. Fasten one secondary electrode to the trap contain\-ing the rat and with a wire n
ail fast\-ened to the other terminal, hold the vi\-brator of the coil with your finger and let the rat bite on the nail and while doing so release the vibrator. In three seconds the rat will be as rigid as if dead and the wires can be removed. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Now connect your wires to the pri\-mary binding-posts of the coil and wind the end of one of them around the rat's tail and start the vibrator. Touch the other terminal to the rat's ear and nose. In a few minutes he will be as lively as ever. --Contributed 
by Chas. Haeusser, Albany, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Simple Battery Rheostat [445]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 A spring from an old shade roller is mounted on a board 4 in. wide, 9 in. long and 3/8{\charscalex200\f4  }in. thick. A binding-post is fastened to this board at each end, to which is attached the ends of the spring, as shown in Fig. {\charscalex116 1. }The temper of a small portion of each e
nd of the }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3264\absh-2616\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9793\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2d81c514.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Battery Rheostat }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 spring will need to be drawn. This can be accomplished by heating over an alcohol lamp or in a fire and allow\-ing it to cool slowly. The ends are then shaped to fit the binding-posts. A wire is connected to one of the bind\-ing-posts and a small square piec
e of copper is attached to the other end of the wire, as shown in Fig. 2. When this device is placed in a circuit the current can be regulated by sliding the small square copper piece along the spring. --Contributed by H. D. Har\-kins, St. Louis, Mo.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ul\charscalex67{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\b  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Frame for Drying Films [446]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1598\absh-3000\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert19713\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_54aed93e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 No doubt many amateur photog\-raphers are troubled about drying films and to keep them from curl\-ing. The problem may be solved in the following way: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make a rectangu\-lar frame out of pine wood, 1/4 by 1/2 in., as shown in the sketch. It is made a little wid\-er and a little shorter than the film to be dried. This will allow the end of the film to be turned over at each end of the frame and fastened with 
push pins. Do not stretch the film when putting it on the frame as it shrinks in dry\-ing. The film will dry quicker and will be flat when dried by using this frame. --Contributed by Elmer H. Flehr, Ironton, Ohio. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Home-Made Novelty Clock [446]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 This clock that is shown in the ac\-companying engraving is made in scroll work, the cathedral and towers being of white maple, the base is of walnut with mahogany trimmings, all finished in their natural colors. It has 11 bells in the two towers at the sid
es and {\charscalex108 13 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3302\absh-4915\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32545\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_710e85ca.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 miniature electric lamps of different colors on two electric circuits. The clock is operated by a small motor re\-ceiving its power from dry cell batteries. This motor turns a brass cyl\-inder over which runs a continuous roll of perforated paper similar to 
that used on a pianola. A series of metal fingers, connected by wires to the bells, press lightly on this brass roll and are in\-sulated from the roll by the perforated paper passing between. When a per\-foration is reached a finger will make a contact with 
the brass roll for an instant which makes a circuit with the magnet of an electric hammer in its respective bell or forms the circuit which lights the electric bulbs as the case may be. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 At each hour and half hour as the clock strikes, the motor is started auto\-matically and the chimes sound out the tunes while the colored lights are turned on and off; two small doors in the cathedral open and a small figure comes out while the chimes are 
playing, then returns and the doors are closed.\- --Contributed by C. V. Brokenicky, Blue Rapids, Kansas. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \keepn\fs20\b\f0\fs20\b\f0\fs20 \ltrpar\s7\cf0{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\keepn\rtlch\af9\afs24\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af8\afs24\langfe255\ab\loch\f0\fs24\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Fourth-of-July Catapult [447]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\ql\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Among the numerous exciting amusements in which boys may par\-ticipate during the Fourth-of-July cel\-ebration is to make a cannon that will shoot life-sized dummies dressed in old clothes. Building the cannon, as de\-scribed in the following, makes it safe t
o fire and not dangerous to others, provided care is taken to place it at an angle of 45 deg. and not to fire when anyone is within its range. The pow\-der charge is in the safest form possi\-ble, as it is fired with a blow from a hammer instead of lighting 
a fuse. If the cannon is made according to direc\-tions, there cannot possibly be any ex\-plosion. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The materials used in the construc\-tion of the catapult may be found in almost any junk pile, and the only work required, outside of what can be done at home, is to have a few threads cut on the pieces of pipe. The fittings can be procured ready to attach,
 ex\-cept for drilling a hole for the firing }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex105 pin. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Secure a piece of common gas pipe, 4 to 6 in. in diameter, the length being from 18 to 24 in. Old pipe may be used if it is straight. Have a machin\-ist cut threads on the outside of one end, as shown in Fig. 1, and fit an iron cap, Fig. 2, tightly on the t
hreaded end of the pipe. The cap is drilled and tapped in the center for a 1-in. pipe. Thread both ends of a 1-in. pipe that is 4 in. long, Fig. 3, and turn one end securely into the threaded hole of the cap. This pipe should project 1/4 in. inside of the 
cap. Fit a cap, Fig. 4, loosely on the other end of the 1-in. pipe. A hole is drilled into the center of this small cap just large enough to receive a 6-penny wire nail, B, Fig. 4. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex105{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7085\absh-3494\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22945\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4b083466.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex112{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Homemade Cannon Which will Hurl a Life-Size Dummy 100 Ft. through the Air }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 This completes the making of the cannon and the next step is to con\-struct a dummy which can be dressed in old clothes. Cut out two round blocks of wood from hard pine or oak that is about 3 in. thick, as shown in Fig. 5. The diameter of these blocks shoul
d be about 1/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex86\i  }{\charscalex108 in. less than the hole in the cannon, so they will slide easily. In the center of each block bore a 1/4-in. hole. Secure an iron rod, about 4 ft. long, and make a ring at one end and thread 4 in. of the other. Slip one of the circular blocks
 on the rod and move it up toward the ring about 14 in. Turn a nut on the threads, stopping it about 3-1/2}{\charscalex76\i  }{\charscalex108 in. from the end of the rod. Slip the other circular piece of wood on the rod and up against the nut, and turn on another nut to hold the wooden bloc
k firmly in its place at the end of the rod. If the rod is flattened at the place where the upper block is located, it will hold tight. These are }shown in Fig. 5. Take some iron wire about 1/8 in. in diameter and make a loop at the top of the rod for the h
ead. Wire this loop to the ring made in the rod and make the head about this loop by using canvas or gunny cloth sewed up forming a bag into which is stuffed either excelsior, paper or hay. The arms are made by lashing with fine wire or strong hemp, a piec
e of wood 1 in. square and 20 in. long, or one cut in the shape shown in Fig. 6, to the rod. Place the wood arms close to the bottom of the head. Make a triangle of wire and fasten it and the cross arm securely to the top of the rod to keep them from slipp
ing down. A false face, or one painted on white cloth, can be sewed on the stuffed bag. An old coat and trousers are put on the frame to com\-plete the dummy. I{\charscalex134 f }the clothing is not too heavy and of white material so much the better. To greatly increase the
 spectacular flight through the air, a number of different colored streamers, 6 or 8 in. wide and several feet in length made from bunting, can be at\-tached about the waist of the dummy. The complete dummy should not weigh more than 6 lb. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi225\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The cannon is mounted on a board with the cap end resting against a cleat which is securely nailed to the board and then bound tightly with a rope as shown in Fig. 8. Lay one end of the board on the ground and place the other on boxes or supports sufficien
tly high to incline it at an angle of about 45. deg. Enough of the board should project beyond the end of the cannon on which to lay the dummy. When completed as described, it is then ready to load and fire. Clear away everyone in front and on each side of
 the cannon, as the dummy will fly from 50 to 100 ft. and no one must be in range of its flight. This is important, as the rod of the frame holding the clothes will penetrate a board at short range. An ordinary shot gun cartridge of the paper shell type is
 used for the charge and it must be loaded with powder only. Coarse black powder is the best, hut any size will do. When loading\'b7 the rod with the wooden blocks, on which the dummy is attached, do not place the end block against the breech end of the canno
n, leave about 2 or 3 in. between the end of the cannon and the block. Insert the cartridge in the 1-in. pipe. The cartridge should fit the pipe snug, which it will do if the proper size is secured. Screw on the firing-cap, insert the wire nail firing \-pin
 until it rests against the firing-cap of the cartridge. If the range is clear the firing may be done by giving the nail a sharp rap with a hammer. A loud report will follow with a cloud of smoke and the dummy will be seen fly\-ing through the air, the arms
, legs and streamers fluttering, which presents a most realistic and life-like appearance. The firing may be repeated any number of times in the same manner. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Miniature Volcano [448]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A toy volcano that will send forth flames and ashes with lava streaming down its sides in real volcanic action can be made by any boy without any more danger than firing an ordinary fire-cracker. A mound of sand or earth is built up about 1 ft. high in the
 shape of a volcano. Roll up a piece of heavy paper, making a tube 5 in. long and 1-1/2 in. in diameter. This tube of paper is placed in the top of the mound by first setting it upon a flat sheet of paper and building up the sand or }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3336\absh-3653\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert55041\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m40443686.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Volcano in Action }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 earth about the sides until it is all cov\-ered excepting the top opening. This is to keep all dampness away from the mixture to be placed within. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A fuse from a fire-cracker, or one made by winding some powder in tissue paper, is placed in the paper tube of the volcano with one end extending over the edge. Get some potash from a drug store and be sure to state the purpose for which it is wanted, as t
here are numerous kinds of potash that will not be suitable. An equal amount of sugar is mixed with the potash and placed in the paper tube. On top of this put a layer of pure potash and on this pour some gun powder. This completes the volcano and it only 
remains for the fuse to be lighted and action will begin with an explosion which sends fire, smoke and sparks upward. Flames will follow and the lava pours down the sides of the mound.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Wire Loop Connections for Battery Binding-Posts [449]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The trouble with battery binding\- post connections can be avoided by winding the bare end of the connect\-ing wire around the binding-post screw and then back around its extending length as shown in the sketch. Always screw down permanent connec\-tions with 
pliers.}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1171\absh-1363\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22273\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5c14309d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\b\fs20{\charscalex106 Melting Metal in the Flame of a }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\b\b\fs20\b\fs20{\charscalex113 Match [449]}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The flame of an ordinary match has a much higher temperature than is gen\-erally known and will melt cast-iron or steel filings. Try it by striking a match and sprinkle the filings through the flame. Sputtering sparks like gun\-powder will be the result of t
he melt\-ing metal.}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Russian Squirrels [449]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The squirrel slaughter of Russia amounts to 25,000,000 per year. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex106{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Landscape Drawing Made Easy [449]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With this device anyone, no matter how little his artistic ability may be, can draw accurately and quickly any little bit of scenery or other subject and get everything in the true perspec\-tive and in the correct proportion. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3341\absh-2837\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert21985\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m6a06c5b0.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Drawing with the Aid of Reflecting Glasses }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 No lens is required for making this camera-just a plain mirror set at an angle of 45 deg., with a piece of ordi\-nary glass underneath, a screen with a peek hole and a board for holding the drawing paper. The different parts may be fastened together by mean
s of a box frame, or may be hinged together to allow folding up when carrying and a good tripod of heavy design should be used for supporting it. In order to get the best results the screen should be blackened on the inside and the eye\-piece should be blac
kened on the side next to the eye. A piece of black card\-board placed over the end of the eye\-piece and perforated with a pin makes an excellent peek hole. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In operation the rays of light com\-ing from any given object, such as the arrow AB, strike the inclined mirror and are reflected downward. On strik\-ing the inclined glass a portion of the light is again reflected and the rays en\-tering the eye of the opera
tor produce the virtual image on the paper as shown. The general outlines may be sketched in quickly, leaving the details to be worked up later. This arrange\-ment may be used for interior work when the illumination is good. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Irrigating with Tomato Cans [450]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi360\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The following is an easy and effect\-ive way to start plants in dry weather: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex109 Sink an ordinary tomato can, with a 1/8-in. hole 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex109 in. from the bot\-tom, in the ground so that the hole will be near the roots of the plant. Tamp the dirt around both plant and can, and fill the lat\-ter with water. Keep the can filled until the plant is 
out of danger. --Contributed by L. L. Schweiger, Kansas City, Mo. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1886\absh-1944\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert39265\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_3809ee7e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Fountain for an Ordinary Pen [450]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take two steel pens, not the straight kind, and place them together, one above the other, in the penholder. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3605\absh-720\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert22017\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m19bcfca4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two Pens In Holder }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 With one dip of ink 60 or 70 words may be written. This saves time and the arrangement also prevents the ink from dropping off the pen. --Contrib\-uted by L. M. Lytle, Kerrmoor, Pa. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Homemade Mousetrap [450]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bore a 1-in. hole, about 2 in. deep, in a block of wood and drive a small nail with a sharp point at an angle so it will project into the hole about half way between the top and bottom, and in the center of the hole, as shown. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw2890\absh-1138\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49121\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_794850f8.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hole In Wood Block }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 File the end very sharp and bend it down so that when the mouse pushes its head past it in trying to get the bait at the bottom of the hole, the sharp point will catch it when it tries to back out. Almost anyone can make this trap in a short time, and it w
ill catch the mice as surely as a more elaborate trap. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Clear Wax Impressions from Seals [450]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A die must be slightly damp to make clear impressions on sealing wax and to keep it from sticking to the wax. A very handy way to moisten the die is to use a pad made by tacking two pieces of blotting paper and one of }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3062\absh-1440\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert9697\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_513fd887.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Blotter Pad }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 cloth to a wooden block of suitable size, and saturate the blotters with water before using. Stamp the die on the pad and then on the hot wax. The result will be a clear, readable impres\-sion. --Contributed by Fred Schu\-macher, Brooklyn, N. Y. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Window Stick [450]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi216\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Although the windows in factories and houses are usually provided with weights, yet the stick shown in the sketch will be found very handy in case all of the windows are not so equipped. It is made of a piece of pine wood long }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3744\absh-710\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49345\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_2c1d9027.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Notches In Stick }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 enough to hold the lower sash at a height even with the bottom of the upper, and about 1-1/2 or 2 in. wide. Notches may be cut in the stick as shown, each being wide enough to firmly hold the sash. Thus, with the stick illustrated, the sash may be held at 
three different heights on the side A, and at still another on the side B. -Contributed by Katharine D. Morse, Syracuse, N. Y. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b How to Make a Canoe [451]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A practical and serviceable canoe, one that is inexpensive, can be built by any boy, who can wield hammer and saw, by closely following the instruc\-tions and drawings, given in this article. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw5213\absh-3595\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34625\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_42a8c7c1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Canoe and Molds Details }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is well to study these carefully before beginning the actual work. Thus an understanding will be gained of how the parts fit to\-gether, and of the way to proceed with the work. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Dimensioned draw\-ings of the canoe and molds are contained in Fig. }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex115 1. }{\charscalex107 The boat is built on a temporary base, A, Fig. 2, which is a board, }{\charscalex123 14 }{\charscalex107 ft. }{\charscalex123 1 }{\charscalex107 in. long, 3 in. wide and }1-1/2 {\charscalex107 in. thick. This base is fastened to the trestles and divided into four section
s, the sections on each side of the center being 4 ft. long. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The next thing to be considered are the molds (Fig. 3). These are made of 1-in. material. Scrap pieces may be found that can be used for these molds. The dimensions given in Fig 1 are for one-half of each form as shown in Fig. 3, under their respective let
ters. The molds are then temporarily attached to the base on the division lines. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Proceed to make the curved ends as shown in Fig. 4. Two pieces of}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex152  }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex152{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7526\absh-2088\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34081\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m41bd419c.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shaping the Canoe }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 straight-grained green elm, 32 in. long, 1-3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex74\f4 , }{\charscalex107 in. wide and 1 in. thick, will be required. The elm can be obtained from a carriage or blacksmith's shop. The pieces are bent by wrapping a piece of wire around the upper end and baseboard. The joint between 
the curved piece and the base is temporary. Place a stick between the wires and twist them until the required shape is secured. If the wood does not bend readily, soak it in boiling water. The vertical height and the horizon\-tal length of this bend are sho
wn in Fig. 4. The twisted wire will give the right curve and hold the wood in shape until it is dry. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The gunwales are the long pieces B, Fig. 2, at the top of the canoe. These are made of strips of ash, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 15 }{\charscalex107 ft. long, }{\charscalex145 1 }{\charscalex107 in. wide and }{\charscalex145 1 }{\charscalex107 in. thick. Fasten them temporarily to the molds, taking care to have them snugly fit the notches shown. The ends fit over th
e outside of the stem and stern pieces and are cut to form a sharp point, as shown in Fig. 5. The ends of the gunwales are fastened permanently to the up\-per ends of the bent stem and stern pieces with several screws. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Two other light strips, C and D, Fig. 2, are temporarily put in, and evenly spaced between the gunwales and the bottom board. These strips are used to give the form to the ribs, and are removed when they have served their purpose. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7637\absh-1862\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51489\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m44a4f38d.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Construction of the Various Parts }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The ribs are now put in place. They are formed of strips of well seasoned elm or hickory, soaked in boiling water until they bend without breaking or cracking. Each rib should be 1-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex76  }{\charscalex107 in. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-1397\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1121\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_161cbc2e.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paddle Parts }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 wide, 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }{\charscalex107 in. thick and long enough to reach the distance between the gun\-wales after the bend is made. The ribs are placed 1 in. apart. Begin by plac\-ing a rib in the center of the base and on the upper side. Nail it tempora\-rily, yet securely, and then c
urve the ends and place them inside of the gun\-wales, as shown in Fig. 6. Fasten the ends of the rib to the gunwales with 1-in. galvanized brads. This method is used in placing all the ribs. When the ribs are set, remove the pieces C and D, Fig. 2, and the
 molds. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 A strip is now put in to take the place of the base. This strip is 1-3/4 in. wide, 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex82\i  }{\charscalex107 in. thick and long enough to reach the entire length of the bottom of the canoe. It is fastened with screws on the inside, as shown in Fig. 7, and the ends are lap-joint
ed to the stem and stern pieces as shown in Fig. 4. When this piece is fastened in place, the base can be removed. The seats are attached as shown in Fig. 8, and the small pieces for each end are fitted as shown in Fig. 9. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The frame of the canoe is now ready to be covered. This will require 5-1/2 yd. of extra-heavy canvas. Turn the framework of the canoe upside down and place the canvas on it. The cen\-ter of the canvas is located and tacked to the center strip of the canoe a
t the points where ribs are attached. Cop\-per tacks should be used. The canvas is then tacked to the ribs, beginning at the center rib and working toward each end, carefully drawing the can\-vas as tightly as possible and keeping it straight. At the ends th
e canvas is split in the center and lapped over the bent wood. The surplus canvas is cut off. A thin coat of glue is put on, to shrink the cloth and make it water\-proof. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The glue should be powdered and brought into liquid form in a double boiler. A thin coat of this is applied with a paintbrush. A small keel made of a strip of wood is placed on the bottom to protect it when making a landing on sand and stones in shallow }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3509\absh-1531\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert51105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_35738213.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A Single Paddle }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 water. When the glue is thoroughly dry the canvas is covered with two coats of paint, made up in any color with the best lead and boiled linseed }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 oil. The inside is coated with spar varnish to give it a wood color. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The paddles may be made up in two ways, single or double. The double paddle has a hickory pole, 7 ft. long and 2 in. in diameter, for its center part. The paddle is made as shown in Fig. 10, of ash or cypress. It is 12 in. long, and 8 in. wide at the wides
t part. The paddle end fits into a notch cut in the end of the pole (Fig. 11). }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A shield is made of a piece of tin or rubber and placed around the pole near the paddle to prevent the water from running to the center as the pole is tipped from side to side. The com\-plete paddle is shown in Fig. 12. A single paddle is made as shown in F
ig. 13. This is made of ash or any other tough wood. The dimensions given in the sketch are sufficient without a description. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Thorns Used as Needles on a Phonograph [453]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Very sharp thorns can be used suc\-cessfully as phonograph needles. These substitutes will reproduce sound very clearly and with beautiful tone. The harsh scratching of the ordinary needle is reduced to a minimum, and the thorn is not injurious to the recor
d. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Tool Hangers [453]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A tool rack that is serviceable for al\-most any kind of a tool may be made }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw1219\absh-3264\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert34721\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_73c09f55.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 by placing rows of dif\-ferent-size screw eyes on a wall close to the workbench, so that files, chisels, pliers and other tools, and the handles of hammers can be slipped through the eyes. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A place for every tool saves time, and besides, when the tools are hung up separately, they are less likely to be dam\-aged, than when kept together on the work\-bench. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Child's Footrest on an Ordinary Chair [453]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Small chairs are enjoyed very much by children for the reason that they can rest their feet on the floor. In many households there are no small chairs for the youngsters, and they have to use larger ones. Two things result, the child's legs become tired fr
om dangling unsupported or by trying to support them on the stretchers, and the finish on the chair is apt to }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3754\absh-1709\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert59201\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_297fa0b2.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Footrest on Chair }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 be scratched. The device shown in the sketch forms a footrest or step that can be placed on any chair. It can be put on or taken off in a moment. Two suitable pieces of wood are nailed to\-gether at an angle and a small notch cut out, as shown, to fit the c
hair stretcher. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Drying Photo Postal Cards [453]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi192\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A novel idea for drying photo postal cards comes from a French magazine. The drying of the cards takes a long time on account of their thickness, but may be hastened by using corrugated paper for packing bottles as a drying stand. Curve the cards, printed 
side up, and place the ends between two }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-1200\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49473\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m729815c4.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Card on Dryer }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 corrugations at a convenient distance apart. They will thus be held firmly while the air can circulate freely all around them. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Preserving Key Forms [454]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 After losing a key or two and having some difficulty in replacing them, I used the method shown in the sketch }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3710\absh-2136\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert50465\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5c3fdc91.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Key Forms Cut in Paper }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 to preserve the outlines for making new ones. All the keys I had were traced on a piece of paper and their forms cut out with a pair of shears. When a key was lost, another could thus be easily made by using the paper form as a pattern. --Contributed by Er
nest Weaver, Santa Anna, Texas. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Renewing Typewriter Ribbons [454]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Roll the ribbon on a spool and mean\-while apply a little glycerine with a fountain-pen filler. Roll up tightly and lay aside for a week or ten days. Do not apply too much glycerine as this will make the ribbon sticky--a very little, well spread, is enough.
 The same application will also work well on ink pads. --Contributed by Earl R. Hastings, Corinth, Vt. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Drinking Trough for Chickens [454]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A quickly made and sanitary drink\-ing trough for chickens is formed of a piece of ordinary two or three-ply  roofing paper. The paper is laid out as shown, and the edges are cemented with asphaltum and then tacked to the side of a fence or shed. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3677\absh-1512\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert32929\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_791c9cde.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trough of Roofing Paper }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b Ordinary Pen Used as a Fountain Pen [454]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is a very simple matter to make a good fountain pen out of an ordinary pen and holder. The device is in the form of an attachment readily con\-nected to or removed from any ordi\-nary pen and holder, although the chances are that when once used it will no
t be detached until a new pen is needed. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Take the butt end of a quill, A, from a chicken, goose or turkey feather--\-the latter preferred as it will hold more ink--and clean out the membrane in it thoroughly with a wire or hatpin. Then make a hole in the tapered end of the quill just large enough 
to pull through a piece of cotton string. Tie a knot in one end of this string, B, and pull it through the small end of the quill until the knot chokes within, then cut off the string so that only 1/4 in. projects. Shave out a small stopper from a bottle c
ork for the large end }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3686\absh-850\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert43105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_4d28a969.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fountain Attachment }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 of the quill. This completes the ink reservoir. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Place the quill on top of the pen\-holder C, so that its small end rests against the pen immediately above its eye. Pull the string through this eye. Securely bind the quill to the pen and holder with a thread, as shown, first placing under it a wedge-shape
d support of cork or wood, D, hollowed on both sides to fit the curved surfaces of the quill and holder. The illustration shows the detail clearly. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 To fill the reservoir place the pen upright on its point and dip a small camel's-hair brush or cloth-bound toothpick into the ink bottle and "scrape" off the ink it will hold on the inner edge of the quill. Cork tightly, and the device is ready for use. Wh
en not in use place the holder at an an\-gle with the pen uppermost. --Contrib\-uted by Chelsea C. Fraser, Saginaw, Michigan. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b\fs20{\charscalex108\b How to Construct a Small Thermostat [455]  }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex113 By }R. {\charscalex113 A. }McCLURE }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It is a well known fact, that there is a change in the dimensions of a piece of metal, due to a change in its temperature. This change in dimen\-sions is not the same for all mate\-rials; it being much greater in some }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7502\absh-2333\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert40257\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m33a6d60f.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex120 Simple Thermostat \tab \tab \tab Couple and Mounting Strip }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex120\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 materials than in others, while in some there is practically no change. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If two thin, narrow strips of dif\-ferent metals, that contract or expand at different ratio due to a variation in temperature, be rigidly fastened to\-gether at their ends, and the combina\-tion then heated or cooled, the com\-bined piece will have its shape 
changed. One of the pieces will increase in length more than the other, due to a rise in temperature, and this same piece will decrease in length more than the other when subjected to a decrease in temperature. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 If one end of this combined piece be rigidly clamped to a support, as shown in Fig. 1, and the combination then have its temperature changed, the free end will move to the right or left of its original position, depending upon which of the pieces changes i
n length the more. If there is a rise in tem\-perature and the right-hand piece B increases in length faster than the left-\-hand piece A, the free end of the com\-bined piece win move to the left of its original position. If, on the other hand, there is a de
crease in temper\-ature, the right-hand piece will decrease in length more than the left-hand piece, and the upper or free end will move to the right of its original position. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Such a combination of two metals constitutes a simple thermostat. If the movement of the free end of the combination be made to actuate a needle moving over a properly cal\-ibrated scale. we have a simple form of thermometer. If two electrical con\-tacts, CC
, be mounted on the right and left-hand sides of the upper end of the combined piece, as shown in Fig. 1, we have a thermostat that may be used in closing an electrical circuit when the temperature of the room in which it is placed rises or falls a cer\-tai
n value. These contacts should be so arranged that they can be moved toward or away from the combined piece independently. By adjusting the position of these contacts, the elec\-trical circuit will be closed when the temperature of the thermostat has reache
d an experimentally predeter\-mined value. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 The following description is that of}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex90\b\f4  }{\charscalex108 a thermostat, constructed by the au\-thor of this article, which gave very satisfactory results. First obtain a piece of steel, 6 in. long, 5/8}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. wide and 2/100 in. thick, and a piece of brass, 6 in. long, 5/8}{\f4  }{\charscalex108 in. wide
 and 3/100 in. thick. Clean one side of each of these pieces and tin them well with solder. Place the two tinned surfaces just treated in contact with each other and heat them until the solder on their surfaces melts and then allow them to cool. A better w
ay would be to clamp the two thin pieces between two heavy metal pieces, and then heat the whole to such a temperature that }{\charscalex107 the solder will melt, and then allow it to cool. This last method will give more satisfactory results than would be obtained if no c
lamps are used, as the thin metal pieces are liable to bend }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi211\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7637\absh-1642\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert38369\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5d289731.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Support for Couple, and Needle-Mounting Strip }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 out of shape when they are heated, and as a result they will not be in contact with each other over their en\-tire surfaces. After these pieces have been soldered together forming one piece, which we shall for convenience speak of as the couple, two small h
oles should be drilled in one end to be used in mounting it, and a notch cut in the other end, as shown in Fig. 2. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Cut from some thin sheet brass, about }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex109 2/100 }{\charscalex107 in. in thickness, two pieces, 1/4}{\charscalex62\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. wide and 1/2}{\charscalex62\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. long. Bend these pieces of brass over a piece of hatpin wire, thus forming two V-shaped pieces. Cut off a piece of the hatpin, 5/8}{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. long, and fasten it ac
ross the notched end of the couple by means of the U-shaped piece of brass, which should be soldered in place as shown in Fig. 3. All superfluous solder should then be cleaned from the couple and the steel pin. Now bend the couple so as to form a perfect h
alf circle, the brass being on the inside. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The base upon which this couple is to be mounted should be made as fol\-lows: Obtain a piece of brass, 7 in. long, 3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex74  }{\charscalex107 in. wide, and 1/4}{\charscalex74  }{\charscalex107 in. thick. In this piece drill holes, as indicated in Fig. 4, except A, which will be drilled later. Tap the holes B, C 
and D for 1/8-in. machine screws. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Cut from some 1/8-in. sheet brass a piece, 1-7/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex77  }{\charscalex107 in. long and 3/4}{\charscalex77  }{\charscalex107 in. wide, to be used as a support for the couple. In one end of this piece drill two small holes, as indicated in Fig. 5, and tap them for 3/16-in. machine screws. In the opposite end cut a 
slot, whose dimensions correspond to those given in Fig. 5. Now bend the piece, at the dotted line in Fig. 5, into the form shown in Fig. 6, making sure that the dimension given is correct. This piece can now be mounted upon the piece shown in Fig. 4, by m
eans of two brass machine screws placed in the holes B. The slot in the support for the couple will permit its being moved along the mounting strip, the purpose of which will be shown later. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 Next cut another piece of 1/8-in. brass, 2-3/4}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex81  }{\charscalex107 in. long and 5/8}{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. wide. In this piece drill two 1/8-in. holes, as in\-dicated in Fig. 7, and then bend it at the dotted lines into the form shown in Fig. 8. Mount this strip upon the main mounting strip by m
eans of two brass machine screws placed in the holes C, so that the upper part is over the center-punch mark for the hole A in the main mounting strip. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 You are now ready to drill the hole A, which should be done as follows: Remove the piece you last mounted and then clamp the main mounting strip in the drill press so that the center-punch mark for the hole A is directly under the point of the drill. Then 
remount the piece you just re\-moved, without disturbing the piece you clamped in the drill press, and drill a small hole through both pieces. This hole should be about 3/64 in. in diameter. After this small hole has been drilled through both pieces, a coun
tersink should be placed in the drill chuck and the hole in the upper piece countersunk to a depth equal to half the thickness of the metal in which it is drilled. Unclamp the pieces from the drill press, turn them over, and countersink the small hole in w
hat was originally the lower piece. The object of countersinking these holes is to reduce the bearing surface of a }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex108 small shaft that is to be supported in the holes and must be as free from friction as possible. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 We may now construct the needle, or moving portion of the thermostat, which should be done as follows: The shaft that is to carry the moving sys\-tem must be made from a piece of steel rod, about 3/32}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex87\i  }{\charscalex108 in. in diameter. Its dimensions should correspond to tho
se given in Fig. 9. Considerable care should be used in turning this shaft down, to make sure that it fits perfectly in the small holes in the sup\-porting pieces. The shaft should turn freely, but it must not be loose in the holes, nor should it have but a
 very small end play. }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Cut from some 1/32-in. sheet brass a piece whose dimensions correspond to those given in Fig. 10. Drill a 1/8-in. hole, A, in this piece, and cut a slot, B, from one side of the piece into this hole, and a second slot, C, along the center of the piece as i
n\-dicated in the figure. Consider\-able care should be exercised in cut\-ting the slot C, so that its breadth is exactly equal to the diameter of the piece of steel wire fastened on the end of the couple. Also make sure to get the sides of this slot perfectl
y smooth. Cut from some 1/8-in. brass a disk hav\-ing a diameter of 1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex78\i  }{\charscalex108 in., and solder it to the end of the needle. The dotted line in Fig. 10 indicates the proper posi\-tion of the disk. Now drill a hole, D, through the disk and needle, of such a diameter 
that considerable force must be applied to the steel shaft you have already made, in order to force it through the hole. Force the shaft }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3797\absh-1646\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert31425\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_5641aadd.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shaft for Needle and Needle }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 through this hole until the needle is exactly in the center of the shaft. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The parts of the thermostat thus far made can now be assembled. Place the steel shaft in its bearings and see that it turns perfectly free. Then place the steel pin, on the end of the couple, in the slot C, and fasten the }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3773\absh-3216\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert41825\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m766b9416.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex119{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wiring Diagram for One and Two Bells }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 other end of the couple, by means of two machine screws, to the support made for the couple. Increase or de\-crease the temperature of the ther\-mostat and note the results. If everything is working all right, the end of the needle should move when the tempe
rature of the ther\-mostat is changed. The amount the end of the needle moves can be easily changed by moving the support or the couple toward or away from the shaft supporting the needle, which changes the position of the steel pin in the slot C. The neare
r the steel pin is to the shaft supporting the needle, the greater the movement of the end of the needle due to a given change in temperature. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex108{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 A small piece of white cardboard can be mounted directly under the end of the needle by means of small brass strips, that in turn can be attached to the lower ends of the main mounting holes D, Fig. 4. A scale can be marked on this piece of cardboard by no
ting the position of the needle corre\-sponding to different temperatures as determined by a thermometer. When this scale has been completed, you can use the thermostat as a thermometer. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex108 Two contacts may be mounted, one on each side of the needle, in a man\-ner similar to the method suggested for mounting the cardboard. These contacts should be so constructed that }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex107 the end of the needle will slide over them with little friction, and so that 
their position with respect to the end of the needle may be easily changed. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi196\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3859\absh-1954\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert1473\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_31dcc881.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Assembled Thermostat }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Both contacts must be insulated from the remainder of the thermostat, and may or may not be connected together, depending on how the thermostat is to be used. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 It would be advisable, if possible, to have the part of the needle that touches the contact points, as well as these points, of platinum, as the arc that is likely to be formed will not destroy the platinum as easily as it will the brass. A small wooden co
ntaining case can now be made and the thermostat is complete. There should be a large number of holes drilled in the sides, ends and back of the case so that the air inside may be always of the same temperature as the outside air. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 In adjusting, testing, or calibrating your thermostat, make sure that it is in the same position that it will be in when in use. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The connections of the thermostat for ringing one bell when the tem\-perature rises or falls to a certain value, are shown in Fig. 11. The connections of the thermostat for ringing one bell when the temperature rises to a cer\-tain value and another bell whe
n the temperature falls to a certain value, are shown in Fig. 12. The complete thermostat is shown in Fig. 13. }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b A Tailless Kite [458]}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The frame of a 3-ft. kite is made of two sticks, each 3 ft. long. These are tied together so that the cross stick will be at a distance of 15 per cent of the full length of the upright stick, from its end, or in this case 5.4 in. The sticks may be made of 
straight \-grained pine, 3/8}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\f4  }{\charscalex107 in. square, for small kites, and larger hardwood sticks, for larger kites. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi270\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The cross stick is bent into a bow by tying a strong cord across from end to end. The center of the bend should be 4-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72\i  }{\charscalex107 in. above the ends. The bend is shown in the sketch. Connect all four ends or points with a cord, being careful not to pull the bend of
 the cross stick down, but seeing that it remains straight across the kite. When this is done the frame is ready for the cover. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw3864\absh-2602\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert24097\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m3e5211fc.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Plan and Dimensions for Kite }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex107 The cover will require 2-1/2}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex72\i  }{\charscalex107 sheets of tissue paper, 20 by 30 in., which should be pasted together as the sketch indicates. Cut out the paper, allowing 2 in. margin for lapping over the cord on the frame. Place the frame on the cover with the convex side t
oward the paper and paste the margin over the cord, allowing the paper to bag a little to form pockets for the air to lift the kite. The cor\-ners should be reinforced with circu\-lar pieces of paper pasted over the ends of the sticks. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi201\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The flying cord is attached to the points A and B of the frame. There is no cross cord. The kite will fly at right angles to the flying cord. It is easily started flying from the ground by laying it with the head toward the operator and pulling it up into 
the wind. --Contributed by Chas. B. Damik, Cooperstown, N. Y. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b The Levitation - A Modern Stage Trick [459]}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 This{\b  }{\charscalex107 illusion has mystified thousands of the theater-going public, in fact, it has been the "piece de resistance" of many illusion acts. The ordinary method of procedure is as follows: The person who is to be suspended in the air, apparently with no suppor
t--usually a lady--is first put in a hypnotic }(?) {\charscalex107 sleep. She is placed on a couch in the middle of the stage, and in most cases the spotlight is brought into play. The performer then takes a position close to the couch and with dramatic }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7637\absh-4906\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert49889\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m5e4838c1.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex128{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Raising the Subject in Midair }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 effect makes a few hypnotic passes over the subject. She then slowly rises from the couch until she has attained a height varying from 4 to 5 ft. above the stage, as shown in Fig. 1. The couch is then taken a way and a hoop is passed over the floating lady
. The performer now causes the lady to float back to the couch or board that she may have been resting on, after which the so-called hypnotic spell is withdrawn. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 In{\b  }{\charscalex107 spite of the claims that the illusion owes its origin to Hindoo magic, it is nothing more nor less than a clever mechanical contrivance, the construction of which will be readily understood by a glance at the accompanying illustrations. }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex107{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The bottom of the couch, if one is used, contains a cradle-like arrange\-ment which fits the recumbent form of the lady and is connected to a heavy sheet of plate glass by means of a rod, D, Fig. 2, attached to one end, and run\-ning parallel to the side of 
the cradle. When the glass is lifted, the body of the subject is also raised, seemingly at the will of the performer. This is accomplished by the aid of an assistant beneath the stage floor. The plate of glass, E, Fig. 3, passes perpendicularly through the
 stage down to a double block and tackle. The end of the cable is attached to a drum or windlass and the plate glass held steady with guides at the sides of the slot in the stage floor, through which it passes. The winding up of the cable naturally forces 
the plate glass and cradle up, causing the lady to rise. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Some illusionists place the lady on a board on two ordinary trestles and cause the board to rise with the lady }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw7613\absh-2774\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert60417\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_m401e38d6.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex121{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Direction the Hoop Takes In Passing over the Board}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex159{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f4\fs20\lang1033  
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 on it, as shown in the illustration, thus obviating the use of heavy para\-phernalia as in the cradle attachment. The cradle attachment is also generally accompanied by a 2-in. iron bar, used in the place of the plate glass, the per\-former or operator stand
ing at the rear of the couch to conceal the bar as it comes from beneath the stage. How\-ever, the method illustrated is the one generally used. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi206\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 The solid hoop is passed over the body in the following manner: Start at the end, B, Fig. 2, passing the hoop as far as C with the hoop on the out\-side of the back horizontal rod. The side of the hoop toward the audience is then turned and swung clear arou
nd over the feet at A and entered between the rod and board on which the lady rests. The hoop is then carried as far as it will go back toward the end B.\- Then the side nearest the operator is passed over the head of the body ap\-parently the second time an
d passed off free at the feet. Thus to the closest ob\-server the impression is given that the hoop has encircled the lady twice. The illustrations give in detail the working of the illusion above the stage floor. No set rule is used for the tackle and drum
 below the floor. }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex109{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\*\flyinpara
\pard\plain\absw4488\absh-1978\pvpara\posyt{\*\flyvert15105\flyanchor1\flycntnt}{{\field\fldpriv{\*\fldinst{\\import 12655-r_rtf_29973bf9.png}}{\fldrslt }}}
\pard
}
\par \page\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\f6\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs20\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b CONTENTS [461] }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex113{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\ab\loch\fs28\lang1033\b {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b A}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Accelerometer, Simple \tab \tab \tab \tab 93 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Acid Burns, Treating \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 126 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Acetylene Gas Generator, Homemade\tab \tab \tab 57 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Acetylene Lamp, Lighting \tab \tab \tab \tab 401 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Aerating Water in a Small Tank\tab \tab \tab 241 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Aeroplane, Paper, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 329 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Aeroplanes, Model, Equilibrator for\tab \tab \tab 11 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Alarm, Burglar, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 368 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Alarm, Callers' Approach\tab \tab \tab \tab 87 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Alarm Clock Chicken Feeder\tab \tab \tab \tab 79 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Alarm Clock to Pull Up Furnace Draft\tab \tab \tab 107 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Alarm, Electric\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 94 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Alarm, Electric, Door Bell and \tab \tab \tab 114 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Alarm, Electric Fire, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 430 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Alarm, Electric, That Rings Bell and Turns On Light\tab 337 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Alarm, Electric Time \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 433 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Alarm, Fire\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 47, 359 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Aluminum Polish\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 428 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Aluminum, Satin Finish on\tab \tab \tab \tab 198 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Aluminum Wire, Insulating \tab \tab \tab \tab 306 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Ammeter, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 49, 203 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Amusement-Boys Representing the Centaur \tab \tab 173 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Amusement Device--Merry-Go-Round Thriller\tab 209 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Amusement Device--Merry-Go-Round, To Build\tab 359 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Amusement Device--Teeter Board. Revolving\tab \tab 297 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Anesthesia, Electric \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 445 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Animals, Small, Trap for\tab \tab \tab \tab 82 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Annealing Chisel Steel\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 362 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Annunciator, How to Construct\tab \tab \tab 57. 416 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex117 Aquarium, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 64, 210}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Arbor, Grape, How to Build\tab \tab \tab \tab 73 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Arc Lamp, Homemade .\tab \tab \tab \tab 132 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Arc Searchlight, Self Lighting \tab \tab \tab \tab 9 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Arms and Armor, Imitation: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li720\ri0\lin720\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Part I\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 235}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Part II\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 242}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Part III \tab \tab \tab \tab 248}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li1440\ri0\lin1440\rin0\fi0\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Part IV\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 263 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Part V\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 271}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li720\ri0\lin720\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Part VI\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 279 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Part VII\tab \tab \tab \tab 284 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Arms, Drip Shield for\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 258 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Arrowhead, Flint, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 23 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Asbestos Table Pads, Homemade\tab \tab \tab 212 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Athletes, Weights for, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 274 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Atomizer, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 158 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Automobile, Boys' Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 402, 430 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Automobile Engine, Cooling Water for\tab \tab 236 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Automobile, Greasing the Front Wheels of \tab \tab 320 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Automobile Headlights, Adjusting\tab \tab \tab 217 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Automobile, Painting\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 357 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 utomobile with Sails \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 326 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Axle, Cart without\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 291 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 B}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Babbitt Ladle, Emergency\tab \tab \tab \tab 264 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Babbitt, Ladle for Melting \tab \tab \tab \tab 173 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bag, Changing, for Plate Holders \tab \tab \tab 212 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bag, Sewing, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 386 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bags, Paper, Use for \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 19 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Balloon Ascension Illusion\tab \tab \tab \tab 300 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Balloon, Pilot, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 118 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Balloons, Paper, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 215 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Barometer, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 151 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Barometer, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 188 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Barrel Stave Hammock \tab \tab \tab \tab 75 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Barrel Stave Sled\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 383 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Baseball, Playing with a Pocket Knife\tab \tab \tab 250 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Baseball Throwing Practice, Device for\tab \tab 312 }
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Batteries, Connecting Up to Give Any Voltage \tab 93 }
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Battery Binding Posts, Wire Loop Connections for \tab 449 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Bed Warmer. Electric, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 338 }
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bell, Cracked, Restoring Tone to \tab \tab \tab 71 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bench Lathe Made of Pipe Fittings \tab \tab \tab 316 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bicycle Catamaran \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 145 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bicycle, Runners on\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 157 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bicycle. Water, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 335 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 BilI File Made of Corkscrews \tab \tab \tab \tab 315 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bind Magazines, To\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 40, 56, 406 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Blotter Pad, Corner Pieces for \tab \tab \tab \tab 8 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Blotting Pad, Desk \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 17 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Blueprint Lantern Slides, How to Make\tab \tab 120 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Blues, prussian and Chinese\tab \tab \tab \tab 401 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Boards, Joining\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 268 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Boat-Bicycle Catamaran \tab \tab \tab \tab 145 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Boat-Canoe, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 451 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Boat-Catamaran, Cruising \tab \tab \tab \tab 423 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Boat, Ice, How to Build \tab \tab \tab \tab 357, 382 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Boat, Paper, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 321 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bobsled, Homemade Yankee \tab \tab \tab \tab 408 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bolts, Rusted \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 151 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bore a Square Hole, How to \tab \tab \tab \tab 179 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Boring Holes In Cork \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 8 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bottle, Cutting Thread inside of \tab \tab \tab 179 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bottle Pushing on the Ice \tab \tab \tab \tab 409 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bowl, Copper, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 185 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Box Cover. Sliding, Fastener \tab \tab \tab \tab 256 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Box, Fishhook \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 379 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Box, Magic \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 7 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Box, Water Color \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 257 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bracket Saw, Cheap, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 42 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Brass Bookmark \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 18 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Brass, Cleaning \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 407 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Brass Flag, Ornamental, How to Make \tab \tab 266 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Brass, Piercing Punch for \tab \tab \tab \tab 19 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Brass Plaques, Photo Silhouette, Making \tab \tab 217 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Brass Surface, Flat, Polishing \tab \tab \tab \tab 229 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Brass Work-Candlestick, How to Make \tab \tab 325 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bread, Loaf, Cutting\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 36 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bronze Liquid \tab  \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 329 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Brooder for Small Chickens \tab \tab \tab \tab 343 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Broom, Old, Crutch Made of \tab \tab \tab \tab 352 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Brush, Counter, for a Shop \tab \tab \tab \tab 419 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Brushes, Paint, Care of \tab \tab \tab \tab 267 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Bunsen Cell, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 206 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Burglar Alarm, Simple, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 368 }
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Can Covers, Tool for Lifting\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 352 }}
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cane Chairs, How to \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 259 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cane in Furniture, Tightening\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 230 }}
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cannon, Gas\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 197 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cannon, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 42 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cannon, Lead, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 338 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Cannon, Toy, To Discharge by Electricity \tab \tab 59 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Canoe, Sailing, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 199 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cans, Tomato, Irrigating with\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 450 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Canvas Cot, Folding, How to Make\tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 154 }}
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Carburetor Difficulties \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 208 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Card Trick, Rising \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 256 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Card Trick with a Tapered Deck\tab \tab \tab  70 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cardboard Spiral Turned by Heat \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 226 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cardboard Squares. Gun for Throwing\tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 269 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cardcase, Lady's, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 350  }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Carpenter's Gauge\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 19 }
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cart without an Axle\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 291 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Catamaran, Bicycle\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 145 }}
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Catapult, Fourth of July\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 447 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cats, Shocking, Device for\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 411 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cell, Bunsen\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 206 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Centaur. Boys Representing\tab \tab \tab \tab 173 }
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chain Made from a Match\tab \tab \tab \tab 377 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chair, Child's Footrest on \tab \tab \tab \tab 453 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Chair Rockers, Safety Tips on\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 429 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chair Sleighs\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 383 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Chairs, Balancing on \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 131 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Chairs, To Cane \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 259 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Checker Board Puzzle\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 189, 233 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cheese box Cover, Tea Tray \tab \tab \tab \tab 18 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chemicals. Protecting Fingers from\tab \tab \tab 283 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cherry Seeder\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 29 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chicken Coop. Keeping Rats from\tab \tab \tab 352}
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Chickens, Feed Box for\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 292 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chickens. Small, Brooder for \tab \tab \tab \tab 343 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chisel, Ice \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 61 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Chisel, Steel, Annealing \tab \tab \tab \tab 362 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Christmas Tree Decorations, Repairing\tab \tab 11 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Churn, Homemade Small\tab \tab \tab \tab 192 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Clamp, Magazine, How to Make\tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 435 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Clamping a Cork\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 33 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Clamps, Homemade Soldering: \tab \tab \tab 137 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cleaner for Gloves \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 302 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cleaner for White Shoes\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 239 }}
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cleaning Leather on Furniture \tab \tab \tab \tab 13 }
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Cleaning Walls\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 375 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Cleaning Woodwork\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 315 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cleats, Insulating, Substitute for\tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 348 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Clock, Electric, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 268 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Clock, Novelty, for the Kitchen\tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 360 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Clock, Old, Use for\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 367 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Clothes Rack\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 14 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Clothesline, Double, Support for\tab \tab \tab 318 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Coaster, Roller, Illusion\tab \tab \tab \tab 298}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Coaster, Trolley, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 387 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Coasters and Chair Sleighs\tab \tab \tab \tab 383 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cock, Three Way, for Small Model Work\tab \tab 50}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Coil. Jump Spark \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 113 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Coils, Forming to Make Flexible Wire Connections\tab 443}
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Coin and Tumbler Trick\tab \tab \tab \tab 378 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Coin, Changing Button Into \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 234 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Coin, Disappearing\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 176, 193 }}
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Coin, Moving under a Glass\tab \tab \tab \tab 214 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Coin Purse, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 354 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Coin, Sticking against Wall\tab \tab \tab \tab 176 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Coin, Sticking to Wood by Vacuum\tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 287 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Coins, Display Rack Shows Both Sides of \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 220 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Coins, Sending by Mail, Safe Method of \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 287 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Compass, Mariner's\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 170 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Compass Needle, Floating\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 160 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Compass, Substitute for\tab \tab \tab \tab 289 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Compressed Air Phenomenon \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 111 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Concrete Kennel \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 23 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Concrete Swimming Pool\tab \tab \tab \tab 178 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Conservatory, Window\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 103 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Controller for a Small Motor\tab \tab \tab \tab 42 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cook Fish, One Way to \tab \tab \tab \tab 206 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Copper Bowl, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 185 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Copper, Hardening \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 206 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Copper Picture Frame, Etched, How to Make \tab \tab 414 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Copper Trays, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 180 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Copper Work--Corner Pieces for a Blotter Pad\tab \tab 8 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cord. Buttoned \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 427 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cork, Boring, Holes in\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 8 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cork, Clamping\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 33 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cork Extractor \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 300 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Corks, How to Fit\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 368 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Corkscrews, Bill File Made of\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 315 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Corner Pieces for a Blotter Pad, How to Make\tab \tab 8 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cot. Canvas, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 154}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Counter Brush for a Shop\tab \tab \tab \tab 419 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Crossbow and Arrow Sling, How to Make\tab \tab 339 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Crutch. Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 369 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Crutch Made of an Old Broom\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 352 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Crystallization, Instantaneous\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 288 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Cup and Saucer Rack, How to Make\tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 105 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Cup, Tin Drinking, for the Camp\tab \tab \tab 379 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Current Reverser\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 107, 111 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Curtain Roller\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 419 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Curtain Roller Spring, How to Tighten \tab \tab 79 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 D}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dance, Miniature War \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 255 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Darkroom Lantern, Homemade \tab \tab \tab 14, }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 340 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Darkroom, Photographic, Building\tab \tab \tab 26 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Demagenetizing a Watch\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 166 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Desk Blotting Pad\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 17 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Developing Box, How to Make\tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 220 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Developing Tray, Cracked Composition, To Repair\tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 260 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Developing Tray. Photographic \tab \tab \tab 269 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dish Holder, Hot\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 7 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dogcart, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 160 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Dog, How to Chain\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 257 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Dog's Bark, Drowning with Water\tab \tab \tab 435 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Dogs, To Drive Away\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 106 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Door Bell and Electric Alarm\tab \tab \tab \tab 114 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Door Lock, Secret \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 6 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Door Opener, Electric\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 78 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Door Opener for a Furnace \tab \tab \tab \tab 83 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Door, Sliding, Electric Lock for\tab \tab \tab 89 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Dovetail Joint\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 29 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Dovetail Joint Puzzle\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 236 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Draft Opener, Automatic \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 102 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Draftsman. Spline for\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 406 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Draftsmau's Ink Bottle Cork, Steel Pen Used In \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 117 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Drawers, Several, Locking with One Lock \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 314 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Drawing, Aid In\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 270 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Drawing Instrument-Wondergraph, How to Make \tab 436 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Drawing, Landscape, Made Easy \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 449 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Drill Gauge, Handy\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 252 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Drill, Hand, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 444 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Drinking Cup, Tin, for the Camp\tab \tab \tab 379 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Drinking Trough for Chickens\tab \tab \tab \tab 454 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Drip Shield for the Arms\tab \tab \tab \tab 258 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Dry Batteries, Another Way to Renew\tab \tab \tab 378 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Dry Batteries, Cheap, How to Obtain \tab \tab \tab 410 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Dry Batteries, Old, To Renew\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 401 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Dry Batteries, Renewing\tab \tab \tab \tab 367 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Dry Battery Cell, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 160 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex114 Duplicator for Box Cameras\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex117 363 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Duplicator, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 240 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex114\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 E}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Easel, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 415 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Egg-Beater, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 291 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Eggshell Funnel \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 93 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex114\fs20 Eggshells, How to Preserve \tab \tab \tab \tab 288 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Elderberry Huller, Homemade\tab \tab \tab 323 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Alarm\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 94 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Alarm, Door Bell aud \tab \tab \tab 114 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Alarm That Rings a Bell }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab and Turns On a Light  \tab \tab \tab 337 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Anesthesia\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 445 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Ammeter, How to Make \tab \tab 49, 203 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Annunciator, Homemade\tab \tab 57 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Annunciator, How to Construct\tab 416 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Batteries, }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab Connecting Up to Given Any Voltage \tab 93 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Apparatus-Battery Rheostat\tab \tab \tab 80 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Apparatus-Battery Voltmeter \tab \tab 153 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Bell, Return Call, with One Wire\tab 101 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Apparatus-Cats, To Shock\tab \tab \tab 411 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Apparatus-Cell, Daniell\tab \tab \tab 252 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Circuit Breaker }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab for Induction Coils \tab \tab \tab \tab 101 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Controller and Reverse }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab for Battery Motor \tab \tab \tab \tab 72 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Controller for a Small Motor\tab 42 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Current Reverser\tab \tab \tab 107, 111 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Galvanometer, Tangent \tab \tab 150 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Induction Coil, How to Make\tab 138 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex118 Electric Apparatus-Induction Coils, Mercury }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20\tab }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li0\ri0\lin0\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Make and Break Connection for \tab \tab 187 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Apparatus-Jump Spark Coil \tab \tab \tab 113 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Medical Induction Coil \tab  \tab 63 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Motor, Single Phase Induction \tab 124 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Motors, }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab Direct Connected Reverse for \tab \tab 60 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Apparatus-Rheostat, Lead Pencil\tab \tab 145 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Apparatus-Shocking Machine\tab \tab 139 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Apparatus-Thermo Battery, How to Make\tab 59 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Apparatus-Thermostat, Small\tab \tab \tab 455 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Apparatus-Transformer, 110-Volt\tab \tab 439 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Apparatus-Voltammeter, Pocket\tab \tab 330 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Battery Massage, Homemade \tab \tab 144 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Bed Warmer, Homemade\tab \tab \tab 338 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Bell, Relay Made from \tab \tab \tab 94 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Blue Light Experiment\tab \tab \tab 47 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Clock, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 268}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Charges, Detector for\tab \tab \tab \tab 281 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Door Opener\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 78 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Engine\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 276 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Experiment, Interesting \tab \tab \tab 377 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Experiment, Reversing Switch for\tab \tab 92 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Fire Alarm, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 430 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Furnace Regulator, How to Make\tab \tab 388 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Furnace, Small, How to Make\tab \tab 48 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Heat Regulator, Automatic\tab \tab \tab 344 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Horn, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 218 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Hydrogen Generator\tab \tab \tab \tab 54 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Illusion Box\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 135 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Indicator for a Wind Vane\tab \tab \tab 348 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Lamp Experiment\tab \tab \tab \tab 53, 120, 131 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Lamp Sockets, Miniature, How to Make\tab 270 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Lamps, Miniature\tab \tab \tab \tab 434 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Lamps, Testing \tab \tab \tab \tab 314 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Light Circuit, Experiments with\tab \tab 50 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Lighting, Miniature \tab \tab \tab \tab 104 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Lights, }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0{\charscalex118 \tab Turned On and off}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033{\charscalex85  }{\charscalex118 from Different Places \tab 205 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Lock\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 60, 110 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Lock for Sliding Door\tab \tab \tab 89 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Lock, Simple\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 60 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Locomotive, Miniature, How to Make\tab 165 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Motor \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 401 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Motor, Novel\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 395 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Motor, Small \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 214, 222, 345 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Pendant Switch, How to Make\tab \tab 310 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Piano, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 247 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Plug, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 430 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Postcard Projector \tab \tab \tab \tab 195 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Rat Exterminator \tab \tab \tab \tab 358 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Shock, To Give While Shaking Hands\tab 133 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Shocker for Garbage Cans\tab \tab \tab 94 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Electric Stove. Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 31, 273 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Terminals, Varnish for\tab \tab \tab 376 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Time Alarm\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 433 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Toaster, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 37 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Walking Stick\tab \tab \tab \tab 413 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electric Wires, Flexible, Adjuster for\tab \tab \tab 386 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electricity, To Discharge Toy Cannon by\tab \tab 59 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electricity; To Explode Powder with\tab \tab \tab 53 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electricity, Writing with\tab \tab \tab \tab 74 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electrodeposition, Copies Made from Wax Molds by 157}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electrolytic Rectifier, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 197 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electromagnet, Floating\tab \tab \tab \tab 152 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electroplating, Easy Method of\tab \tab \tab 88 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electroscope, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 103 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Electrostatic Illumination\tab \tab \tab \tab 299 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Emery Wheel Arbors, Washers for\tab \tab \tab 359 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Enameling a Bicycle Frame\tab \tab \tab \tab 385 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Engine, Electric \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 276 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Engine, Gasoline, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 207 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Engine, Model Steam\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 1 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Engine, Steam, Made from Gas Pipe and Fittings \tab 184 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Engine, Toy Steam, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 73 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Engine, Turbine, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 355 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Equatorial, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 204, 253 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Equilibrator for Model Aeroplanes\tab \tab \tab 11 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiment, Center of Gravity\tab \tab \tab 302 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiment, Electric\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 377 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiment, Electric Blue Light \tab \tab \tab 47 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiment, Heat and Expansion\tab \tab \tab 124 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiment, Phonograph\tab \tab \tab \tab 105 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiment, Telephone\tab \tab \tab \tab 137}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiment with a Vacuum\tab \tab \tab \tab 439 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiment with Colored Electric Lamps\tab \tab 53 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiment with Heat\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 134 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiment with Incandescent Lamp\tab \tab \tab 427 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Experiment with Two Foot Rule and Hammer\tab 106 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Experiment, X-Ray \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 190 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex118 Experiments, Electric Lamp\tab \tab \tab \tab 120, 131 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiments, Electrical, Reversing Switch for\tab 92 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiments with a Mirror\tab \tab \tab \tab 434 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Experiments with Electric Light Circuit\tab \tab 50 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Eye, Blind Spot in, To Find\tab \tab \tab \tab 129 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Eyeglasses, Holding Firm\tab \tab \tab \tab 315 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 F}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fan, Wooden, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 332 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Faucet Used as an Emergency Plug\tab \tab \tab 343 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Feed Box for Chickens \tab \tab \tab \tab 292 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 File, ChaIking\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 19 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 File, Sharpening Skates with\tab \tab \tab \tab 306 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 File Soft Metals, How to\tab \tab \tab \tab 406 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Film Washing Trough\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 331 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Films, Drying\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 412 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Films, Frame for Drying\tab \tab \tab \tab 446 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Filter, Simple and Effective \tab \tab \tab \tab 278 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Filtering with a Small Funnel\tab \tab \tab \tab 25 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Finger Mathematics \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 181 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Finger, Removing Tight Fitting Ring from\tab \tab 361 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fingers, Protecting from Chemicals\tab \tab \tab 283 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fire Alarm, Cheap\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 47 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fire Alarm, Electric, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 430 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fire Alarm, Simple, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 359 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fire Extinguisher, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 351}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fire, Making with the Aid of Ice\tab \tab \tab 338 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fire Screen, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 82 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fire Screen. Leaded Glass\tab \tab \tab \tab 295 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fish Bait\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 152 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fish, One Way to Cook\tab \tab \tab \tab 206 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fishhook Box\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 379 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fishing through Ice, Signals for\tab \tab \tab 10, 281, 380 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flag, Brass, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 266 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flatiron Rest\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 19 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flier, Toy, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 429 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flint Arrowhead, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 23 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Floor Polisher, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 10, 350 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flour Sifter\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 7 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flower, Magic Growing\tab \tab \tab \tab 244 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flower Pot Stand \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 33 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flower Pots, Clay, Used for Bird Houses\tab \tab 277 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flower Pots, Window Shelf for\tab \tab \tab 292 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flower Stand, Iron \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 353 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flowers, Cut, To Longer Preserve\tab \tab \tab 419 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flowers. DecoloratIon of \tab \tab \tab \tab 288 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Flush Valve, Repairing a Washer on\tab \tab \tab 344 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fob, Shoestring Watch, How to Weave \tab \tab 285 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fob, Watch, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 12, 223 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Food. Keeping Cool in Camps\tab \tab \tab 21 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Football, Tying Knot for\tab \tab \tab \tab 133 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Footrest, Child's, on an Ordinary Chair\tab \tab 453}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Footwear, Drier for\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 229 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Forks, Balancing on a Pin Head\tab \tab \tab 427 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Foundry Work at Home\tab \tab \tab \tab 95 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fountain for an Ordinary Pen\tab \tab \tab \tab 450 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fountain Pen, Ordinary Pen Used as\tab \tab \tab 454 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fountain Pen Used as a Ruler\tab \tab \tab \tab 319 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fountain Pens, Leaking, Remedy for\tab \tab \tab 390 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex118 Frame, Brass, in Repouss}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20\'e9{\charscalex118  \tab \tab \tab \tab 237 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Frost, To Keep Windows Free from\tab \tab \tab 354 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Fuming of Oak\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 196 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Funnel. Eggshell\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 93 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Funnel, Filtering with\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 25 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Funnel, Glass \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 412 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Funnel, Horn Used as \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 7 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Funnel, Temporary\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 275 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Funnel, Venting a\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 318 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Furnace, Brass, How to Build \tab \tab \tab \tab 115 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Furnace, Door Opener for\tab \tab \tab \tab 83 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Furnace Draft. Alarm Clock to Pull Up\tab \tab 107 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Furnace Draft Opener, Automatic\tab \tab \tab 102 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Furnace, Electric, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 48 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Furnace Regulator, Electric, How to Make \tab \tab 388 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Furniture, Cleaning\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 185 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Furniture, Cleaning Leather on\tab \tab \tab \tab 13 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Furniture, Drawing of \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 294 }
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\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Furniture--Rustic Seat \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 441 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Furniture--Table, Mission Library, How to Make \tab 141 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Furniture, Tightening Cane In\tab \tab \tab \tab 230 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 G}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Galvanometer, Tangent, How to Make \tab \tab 150 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Galvanoscope, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 68 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Game-Baseball, Playing with a Pocket Knife\tab \tab 250 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Game-Bottle Pushers\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 409}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Game, Chinese Outdoor \tab \tab \tab \tab 176 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Game Played on the Ice \tab \tab \tab \tab 216 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Garbage Can, Keeping Animals Away from\tab \tab 94 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gas Cannon\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 197 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gas Jet, Ringing a Bell by Touching\tab \tab \tab 403 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gas Jet, Shade Holder Bracket for\tab \tab \tab 419 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gas, To Light without Matches \tab \tab \tab 394 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Gasoline Burner for Model Work\tab \tab \tab 55 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Gasoline Engine, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 207 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gauge, Carpenter's\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 19 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gauge, Drill\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 252 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gauge, Rain, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 64 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Gauntlets on Gloves\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 266 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Gear Cutting Attachment for Small Lathes \tab \tab 167 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Gear for Model Work\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 225 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gear Wheels, Small, To Make without a Lathe\tab \tab 46 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Geissler Tube, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 154 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Glass Blowing and Forming \tab \tab \tab \tab 420 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Glass Cleaning Solution\tab \tab \tab \tab 31 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Glass, Effect of Radium on\tab \tab \tab \tab 116 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Glass, Emergency Magnifying\tab \tab \tab \tab 305 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex116 Glass, Fire Screen, Leaded\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex120 295}}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Glass Funnel, Emergency\tab \tab \tab \tab 412 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Glass, Ground, Imitating \tab \tab \tab \tab 294 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex116 Glass, Ground, Substitute\tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex112 255 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Glass Letters, Removing from Windows\tab \tab 319 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Glass, Magnifying, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 397 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Glass, Photograph Prints Mounted on\tab \tab \tab 231 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Glass Plates, Piercing with a Spark Coil \tab \tab 426 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Glass Tube, To Make a Bulb on\tab \tab \tab 324 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Glider, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 171 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gloves, Cleaner for \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 302 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gloves, Gauntlets on\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 266 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gold Leaf, Covering Signals with\tab \tab \tab 189 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gouge Used as a Bit\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 411 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gramophone Records, Cracked, Repairing\tab \tab 24 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Grape Arbor, How to Build \tab \tab \tab \tab 73 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gravity Batteries, Why Fail\tab \tab \tab \tab 115 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gravity Experiment \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 302 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Grease Stains, Removing from Book\tab \tab \tab 230 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Grease, To Remove from Machinery\tab \tab \tab 216 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Greasing the Front Wheels of an Automobile \tab \tab 320 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Grills, Rope, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 277 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ground Glass, Imitating\tab \tab \tab \tab 294 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Guitar That Is Easy to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 320 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gummed Paper, Substitute for\tab \tab \tab \tab 315 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Gun Barrels, Bursting of\tab \tab \tab \tab 304 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Gun, Toy, for Throwing Cardboard Squares \tab \tab 269 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Gymnasium. Outdoor: }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\li720\ri0\lin720\rin0\fi720\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Part I-The Horizontal Bar\tab \tab 298 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Part II-Parallel Bars \tab \tab \tab 301 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Part III-The Horse\tab \tab \tab 303 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 H}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hacksaw Blade, Knife Made from \tab \tab \tab 293 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hammock, Barrel Stave\tab \tab \tab \tab 75 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hammock, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 410 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Hand Car Made of Pipe and Fittings \tab \tab \tab 440 }
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\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Handbag, Ladies', How to Make\tab \tab \tab 213 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Handbag, Removing 36 Cannon Balls from \tab \tab 256 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Handkerchief Mended after Being Cut and Torn \tab 198 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Handkerchief Trick, Vanishing \tab \tab \tab 319 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Handle, Opening, for a Stamp Pad\tab \tab \tab 23 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Handle, Tying Paper Bag to Make \tab \tab \tab 10 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hanger, Trousers, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 143, 369 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hangers, Tool\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 453 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hardening Copper\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 206 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Harmonograph, Line \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 34 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hat. To Hang on a Lead Pencil\tab \tab \tab \tab 133 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hatpins, Sealing Wax, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 175 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hats, Felt, Packing Cut from\tab \tab \tab \tab 207 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Heat and Expansion \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 124 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Heat, Cardboard Spiral Turned by\tab \tab \tab 226 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Heat, Experiment with\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 134 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Heat Regulator, Electric\tab \tab \tab \tab 344 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hectograph, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 240, 326 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hinge, Broom Holder Made of \tab \tab \tab 33 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hinges, Imitation Fancy Wings on\tab \tab \tab 224 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hinges, Leather, Metal Covering for\tab \tab \tab 41 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hole, Square, How to Bore\tab \tab \tab \tab 179 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hole, Threaded, Sizing\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 295 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Holes, Boring In Cork \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 8 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Holes, Circular. Cutting In Thin Sheet Metal \tab \tab 35 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Holes, Different Shaped, Fitting Plug in \tab \tab 122 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Horn, Electric, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 218 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Horn, Paper Phonograph, How to Make \tab \tab 71 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Horn Used as Funnel\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 7 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Horsepower of Small Motors, Finding\tab \tab \tab 238 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 House, Building In a Tree Top\tab \tab \tab \tab 146 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hydrogen Generator, Constant Pressure\tab \tab 70 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hydrogen Generator, Small Electrical\tab \tab \tab 54 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Hygrometer, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 71, 140}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 I }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice Boat, How to Build \tab \tab \tab \tab 357 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice Boating\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 382 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice, Bottle Pushing on\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 409 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice Chisel, Handy\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 61 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice, Fish Signal for Fishing through\tab \tab \tab 10 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice, Fishing through\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 281 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice, Game Played on\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 216 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice, Making a Fire with the Aid of\tab \tab \tab 338 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice, Merry-Go-Round Whirl on\tab \tab \tab 380 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice, Peculiar Properties of \tab \tab \tab \tab 100 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice, Signals for Fishing through\tab \tab \tab 380 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice Skates, Hollow Grinding\tab \tab \tab \tab 231 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ice Yacht. How to Build \tab \tab \tab \tab 307 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Illusion, Balloon Ascension\tab \tab \tab \tab 300 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Illusion Box, Electric\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 135 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Illusion for Window Attraction\tab \tab \tab \tab 239 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Illusion. Miniature "Pepper's Ghost" \tab \tab \tab 52 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Illusion, Roller Coaster \tab \tab \tab \tab 293 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Illusion, Rolling Uphill \tab \tab \tab \tab 361 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Illusions, Optical \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 74, 99, 130, 183,}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 206, 348, 364}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Incandescent Lamp, Experiment with\tab \tab \tab 427 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Indian Clubs, Weighting\tab \tab \tab \tab 318 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Indicator, Electric, for a Wind Vane \tab \tab \tab 348 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Induction Call, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 138 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Induction Coil, Lighting an Incandescent Lamp with \tab 112 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Induction Call, Small Medical, How to Make\tab \tab 63 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Induction Coils, Circuit Breaker for\tab \tab \tab 101 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Induction Calls. }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab Mercury Make and Break Connections for \tab 187 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Induction Motor, Single Phase, How to Make\tab \tab 124 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ink Bottle Cork, Steel Pen Used in\tab \tab \tab 117 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ink Spots, Removing\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 131 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Inkstand, Ornamental Metal\tab \tab \tab \tab 315 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Insulating Aluminum Wire\tab \tab \tab \tab 306}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Insulating Cleats, Substitute for\tab \tab \tab 348 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Insulation, Removing from Wire\tab \tab \tab 213 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Interrupter, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 51 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Iodine Stains, Removing\tab \tab \tab \tab 425 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Iron Castings, Putty for\tab \tab \tab \tab 269}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Iron Flower Stand, Ornamental\tab \tab \tab 353 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Iron Polisher\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 286 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Iron Rest for an Ironing Board \tab \tab \tab 288 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Iron Work, Ornamental, Easy Designs in\tab \tab 370 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ironing Board Stand, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 17, 429 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Irrigating with Tomato Cans\tab \tab \tab \tab 450 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 J}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Jelly Making Stand \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 290 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Jewelry, How to Clean\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 353 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Jig Saw Puzzle, Photographic\tab \tab \tab \tab 361 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Joint, Dovetail \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 29 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Jump Spark Coil, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 113 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 K}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kennel, Concrete\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 23 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kennel Door, Automatic Closing\tab \tab \tab 32 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kerosene, Used in Polishing Metals \tab \tab \tab 364 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kettle, Spoon holder On\tab \tab \tab \tab 24 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kettles, Spoon Rest for\tab \tab \tab \tab 304 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Key Forms, Preserving\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 454 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Key, Removing from a Double String\tab \tab \tab 179 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kiln, Pottery\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 62 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen, Novelty Clock for \tab \tab \tab \tab 360 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Baking Pan\tab \tab \tab \tab 13 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Cherry Seeder\tab \tab \tab 29 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Chopping Board \tab \tab \tab 19 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Egg-Beater, How to Make \tab \tab 291 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Elderberry Huller\tab \tab \tab 323 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Flour Sifter\tab \tab \tab \tab 7 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil for Removing Pies from Pans\tab \tab 275 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Homemade Toaster\tab \tab \tab 139 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Hot Dish Holder\tab \tab \tab 7 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Hot Plate Lifter\tab \tab \tab 318 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Jelly Making Stand\tab \tab \tab 290 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Knife Sharpener\tab \tab \tab 379 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Ladle and Strainer, Combined\tab 302 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Pot Cover Closet\tab \tab \tab 16 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Pot Covers, Homemade \tab \tab 297 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kitchen Utensil--Querl, Versatile\tab \tab \tab 28 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Kitchen Utensil--Salad Dressing Mixer \tab \tab 16 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Kitchen Utensil--Spoon Rest for Kettles \tab \tab 24, 304 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Kitchen Utensil--Tool for Lifting Can Covers \tab \tab 352 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Kitchen Utensil--Vegetable Slicer\tab \tab \tab 413 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Kite Balancing Strings, Rubber Bands in \tab \tab 270 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Kite, Box, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 58 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Kite, Chinese, How to Make and Fly\tab \tab \tab 210 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kite Reel. Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 156 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kite, Tailless \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 458 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Kites of Many Kinds and How to Make Them\tab \tab 391 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Knife Blade, Worn, Repairing\tab \tab \tab \tab 228 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Knife Made from Hacksaw Blade\tab \tab \tab 293 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Knife, Pocket, Playing Baseball with \tab \tab \tab 250 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Knife Sharpener, Kitchen \tab \tab \tab \tab 379 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Knot, Magic\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 198 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Knot Trick\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 167 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Knot, Tying for Football\tab \tab \tab \tab 133 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 L}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ladle and Strainer, Combined\tab \tab \tab \tab 302 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ladle, Babbitt\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 264 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ladle for Melting Babbitt\tab \tab \tab \tab 173}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lamp, Acetylene, Lighting\tab \tab \tab \tab 401 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lamp, Arc\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 132 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lamp Cord, Flexible, Holder for \tab \tab \tab 317 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lamp Cords, Flexible, Clasp for Holding \tab \tab 267 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lamp, Flash, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 174 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lamp, Homemade Pocket\tab \tab \tab \tab 149 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lamp, Incandescent, Experiment with \tab \tab \tab 427 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lamp, Incandescent, Lighting with an Induction Coil \tab 112 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lamp, Quickly Made \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 329 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lamp Sockets, Miniature Electric. How to Make \tab 270 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lamp Stand and Shade, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 147 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lamps, Electric, Testing \tab \tab \tab \tab 314 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lamps, Miniature Electric \tab \tab \tab \tab 434 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lamps, To Make Burn Brightly \tab \tab \tab 364 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lantern, Camper's Makeshift \tab \tab \tab \tab 266 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lantern, Darkroom, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 14, 340 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lantern, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 163 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lantern, Magic, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 328 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lantern, Magic, Using Sun's Light in \tab \tab \tab 251 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lantern Slide Masks, Cutting \tab \tab \tab \tab 245 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lantern Slides, Blueprint, How to Make \tab \tab 120 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lantern Slides, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 127, 220 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lantern Slides, Tinted, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 144 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lathe, Bench, Made of Pipe Fittings\tab \tab \tab 316 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lathe, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 86 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lathe, Making Gear Wheels without\tab \tab \tab 46 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lathe, Wood Turning, }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab To Make Out of an Old Sewing Machine  \tab 403 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lathe Work, Calipering\tab \tab \tab \tab 258 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lathes, Small, Gear Cutting Attachment for \tab \tab 167 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Laundry Device--Clothes Rack \tab \tab \tab 14 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Laundry Device--Clothesline, Double, Support for \tab 318}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Laundry Device--Iron Rest\tab \tab \tab \tab 19 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Laundry Device--Iron Rest for an Ironing Board \tab 288 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Laundry Device--Ironing Board Stand \tab \tab \tab 17, 429 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Laundry Device--Sad Iron Polisher \tab \tab \tab 286 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Laundry Device--Washboard Holder \tab \tab \tab 39 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lavatories, Sleeve Holders for \tab \tab \tab 17 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lead Cannon, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 338 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lead, Melting in Tissue Paper \tab \tab \tab \tab 185 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lead Pencil Rheostat, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 145 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Leaf, Photograph Printed on \tab \tab \tab \tab 362 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Leather Card case, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 350 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Leather Hinges, Metal Coverings for \tab \tab \tab 41 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Leather on Furniture, Cleaning \tab \tab \tab 13 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Leather, Softening\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 140 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Leather Spectacle Case, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 228 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Leather, Table Mat of, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 286 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Leather Work, Arts and Crafts \tab \tab \tab 168 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Letter Holder of Pierced Metal \tab \tab \tab 294 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lettering on a Dark Ground, Paint for \tab \tab \tab 170 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lettering with a Carpenter's Pencil \tab \tab \tab 306 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Letters, Glass, Removing from Windows \tab \tab 319 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Levitation-Modern Stage Trick \tab \tab \tab 459 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Library Set in Pyro-Carving \tab \tab \tab \tab 407 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Life Buoy, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 432 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Life preserver, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 4 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Light Gas without Matches, To\tab \tab \tab 394 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Light, Post or Swinging, Homemade\tab \tab \tab 189}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Light Trick, Invisible\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 251 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lightning Arrester, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 122 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lightning, Photographing \tab \tab \tab \tab 124, 176}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lights, Turning On and Off from any Number of Places  310 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Linoleum, How to Repair \tab \tab \tab \tab 273 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Liquids-Splashes, Study of\tab \tab \tab \tab 164 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lock, Automatic\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 106 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex116 Lock, Electric\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 60,}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex89  }{\charscalex116 110 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lock, Electric, for a Sliding Door\tab \tab \tab 89 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lock, Homemade Pneumatic\tab \tab \tab \tab 65}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lock, Lubricating \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 151 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lock, Secret Door \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 6 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lock, Spring, Protection of\tab \tab \tab \tab 72 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lock, Trunk, How to Attach \tab \tab \tab \tab 134 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lock, Window\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 397 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Locking Several Drawers with One Lock\tab \tab 314 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Locomotive, Miniature Electric, How to Make\tab  \tab 165 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Log, To Cross Stream on\tab \tab \tab \tab 94 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Lubricant for Wood Screws\tab \tab \tab \tab 137 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 \tab {\charscalex116 Lubricate Sheet Metal, To\tab \tab \tab \tab 69 }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Lubricating a Lock \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 151 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 M}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Machinery, To Remove Grease from\tab \tab \tab 216 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magazine Binder, To Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 406 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magazine Clamp, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 435 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magazine, How to Bind \tab \tab \tab \tab 40, 56 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magic Box Escape\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 7 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqc\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Magic-Electric Illusion Box\tab \tab \tab \tab 135 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Magic Lantern, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 328 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tqc\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Magic, Old Time \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 167, 175, 176, 179,}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116\tqc\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 193, 198, 234, 244,}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 251, 256, 427 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magic, Parlor, for Winter Evenings \tab \tab \tab 90 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Magic Spirit Hand\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 2 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Magic-Violin, Making Spirits Play\tab \tab \tab 295 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Magnet for the Work Basket\tab \tab \tab \tab 292 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Magnifying Glass, Emergency \tab \tab \tab 305 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Magnifying Glass, Homemade \tab \tab \tab 397 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Mahogany, Filler for \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 139 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Mail Photographs, How to \tab \tab \tab \tab 312 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Mail, Sending Coins by \tab \tab \tab \tab 287 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Marble, Rolling \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 191 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex116 Massage, Electric Battery\tab \tab \tab \tab 144}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex165  }}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Mat, Wrestling \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 330 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Match, Chain Made from \tab \tab \tab \tab 311 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Match Holder of Wood and Metal. How to Make\tab 282 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Match, How to Relight \tab \tab \tab \tab 444 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Match Safe, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 194 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Mathematics, Finger \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 181 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Mattresses, Handling \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 19 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Measuring the Height of a Tree \tab \tab \tab 376 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Medical Induction Coil, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 63 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Mercury Make and Break }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab Connections for Induction Coils  \tab \tab 187 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Merry-Go-Round, How to Build \tab \tab \tab 359 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Merry-Go-Round Swing. How to Make \tab \tab 131 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Merry-Go-Round Thriller \tab \tab \tab \tab 209 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Merry-Go-Round Whirl on Ice \tab \tab \tab 380 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Metal Coverings for Leather Hinges \tab \tab \tab 41 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Metal Inkstand, Ornamental \tab \tab \tab \tab 315 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Metal, Melting in the Flame of a Match \tab \tab 449 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Metal, Pierced, Letter Holder of \tab \tab \tab 294 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Metal, Sheet, Sawing \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 291 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Metal, Sheet, To Lubricate \tab \tab \tab \tab 69 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Metal, Thin Sheet, Cutting Circular Holes in \tab \tab 35 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Metal Whisk Broom Holder \tab \tab \tab \tab 221 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Metals, Soft, How to File \tab \tab \tab \tab 406 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Metals, Use of Kerosene In Polishing \tab \tab \tab 364 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Mice and Rats, Killing \tab \tab \tab \tab 293 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Micrometer, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 130 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Microscope, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 433 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Microscope, Small, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 408 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex116 Microscope without a Lens}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex200 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\charscalex116 76 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Minnow Trap, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 390 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Mirror, Experiments with \tab \tab \tab \tab 434 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Model Aeroplanes, Equilibrator for \tab \tab \tab 11 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Model Steam Engine \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 1 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Model ,Steamboat \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 216 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Model Work, Gasoline Burner for \tab \tab \tab 55 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Model Work, Gear for \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 225 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Model Work, Three Way Cock for\tab \tab \tab 50 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Mold, Removing from Wallpaper \tab \tab \tab 320 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex116\fs20 Monoplane Weather Vane \tab \tab \tab \tab 390 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex116{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Moon, New, photographing \tab \tab \tab \tab 174 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Motor, Battery, Controller and Reverse for\tab \tab 72 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Motor, Battery, Reversing\tab \tab \tab \tab 405 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Motor, Electric \tab  \tab \tab \tab \tab 214, 345, 395. 401 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Motor, Reversing\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 105 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Motor, Single Phase Induction\tab \tab \tab \tab 124 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Motor, Small, Controller for\tab \tab \tab \tab 42 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Motor, Small, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 428 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Motor, Water\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 66, 311 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Motorcycle Drives Washing Machine \tab \tab 219 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Motors, Small, Finding Horsepower of \tab \tab 238 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Mouse Trap\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 112, 198, 293, 395, 450 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Music Cabinet, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 77 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Music, Furnace, To Transmit to a Distance \tab \tab 107 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 N}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Nail Holes, Filling\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 85 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Nail, To Hang Heavy Things on\tab \tab \tab 323 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Nails, Iron Shingle, Life of \tab \tab \tab \tab 244 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Necktie Holder, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 369 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Negatives. Broken, Restoring\tab \tab \tab \tab 377 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Nickel, Polish for \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 112 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Nostril, Child's, Removing Button from \tab \tab 237 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Nut Cracking Block\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 290 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Nuts, Tightening\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 155 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Nutshell Photograph Novelty\tab \tab \tab \tab 24 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 O}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Oak, Fuming of\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 196 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Optical Illusion \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 74, 99, 130, 183,}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 206, 348, 364 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Optical Top\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 69 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ornaments, Christmas Tree, Repairing\tab \tab 11}
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 P }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Packing, Cut from Felt Hats \tab \tab \tab \tab 207 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paint Brushes, Care of \tab \tab \tab \tab 267 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paint, Cause of Sagging\tab \tab \tab \tab 340 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paint for Lettering on a Dark Ground \tab \tab \tab 170 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paint, Old, Removing\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 396 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paint, Sealing Up\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 363 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Painting an Automobile\tab \tab \tab \tab 357 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Painting Over Putty\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 136 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Painting Yellow Pine \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 151 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paints, To Prevent from Crawling\tab \tab \tab 55 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paints--Water Color Box \tab \tab \tab \tab 257 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pan, Baking\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 13 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Paper Aeroplane, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 329 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Paper Bag, Tying to Make a Handle \tab \tab \tab 10 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Paper Bags, Use for \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 19 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paper Boat, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 321 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paper, Gummed, Substitute for\tab \tab \tab 315 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Paper, Smoothing after Erasing\tab \tab \tab 29 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Paper, To Remove from Stamps \tab \tab \tab 234 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Paper under an Inverted Bottle, Withdrawing \tab 33 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Parachutes and Darts, Toy \tab \tab \tab \tab 352 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Paraffin Wire, How to \tab \tab \tab \tab 161 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pen, Fountain, Ordinary Pen used as \tab \tab \tab 450, 454 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pen, Fountain, Used as a Ruler \tab \tab \tab 319}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pen, Steel, Used in Ink Bottle Cork \tab \tab \tab 117 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pencil, Carpenter's, Lettering with \tab \tab \tab 306 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pens, Corrosion of, Preventing \tab \tab \tab 257 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pens, Leaking Fountain, Remedy for \tab \tab \tab 390 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 \ldblquote Pepper's Ghost" Illusion, Miniature \tab \tab \tab 52 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Percolator, Plant Food \tab \tab \tab \tab 258 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Perfume Making Outfit\tab \tab \tab \tab 363 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Phoneidoscope\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 407 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Phonograph Experiment\tab \tab \tab \tab 105 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Phonograph, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 289 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Phonograph Horn, Paper, How to Make \tab \tab 71 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Phonograph Music, To Transmit to a Distance \tab 107 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Phonograph Record Cabinet \tab \tab \tab \tab 79, 433 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Phonograph Reproducer, Relieving Weight of\tab 245 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Phonograph Spring. Broken, Repairing \tab \tab 316 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Phonograph, Steadying \tab \tab \tab \tab 214 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Phonograph, Thorns Used as Needles on \tab \tab 453 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photograph Letters, Spelling Names with \tab \tab 232 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photograph Mounts, Rough Alligator \tab \tab 424 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photograph Novelty, Nutshell\tab \tab \tab \tab 24 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photograph of a Clown Face\tab \tab \tab \tab 180 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photograph Postcards, Drying\tab \tab \tab \tab 453 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photograph Print Washing Tank \tab \tab \tab 136 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photograph Printed on a Leaf\tab \tab \tab \tab 362 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photograph Prints, Drying Flat \tab \tab \tab 38 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photograph Prints, Drying Without Curling \tab \tab 425 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photograph Prints, Mounting on Glass \tab \tab 231 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photograph Prints, Stretcher for Drying \tab \tab 275 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photographic Jig-Saw Puzzle \tab \tab \tab \tab 361 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photographing a Man in a Bottle\tab \tab \tab 74 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photographing Lightning\tab \tab \tab \tab 124, 176 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photographing the New Moon\tab \tab \tab 174 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photographing the North Star \tab \tab \tab \tab 443 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photographs, Freak, Making of \tab \tab \tab 110, 440 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photographs, How to Mail\tab \tab \tab \tab 312 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photographs in Relief Easily Made \tab \tab \tab 431 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photographs, Mounting in Plaster Plaques \tab \tab 287 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photographs on Watch Dials, Making \tab \tab 386 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photographs. To Print on Silk \tab \tab \tab 396 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography--Background Frame, }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab Take Down, How to Make  \tab \tab \tab 156 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography--Changing Bag for Plate Holders \tab 212 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography--Copying Stand \tab \tab \tab \tab 149 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography--Darkroom Lantern, How to Make\tab 340 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photography--Darkroom, Small, Building\tab \tab 26 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photography--Developing Box, How to Make \tab 220 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photography--Developing Tray \tab \tab \tab 269 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography--Developing Tray, Cracked, Repairing\tab 260 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography--Duplicator for Box Cameras\tab \tab 363 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography--Enlarging from Life in the Camera \tab 111, 117 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography--Film Negatives, How to Keep\tab \tab 194 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography--Film Washing Trough \tab \tab \tab 331 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography--Films, Drying\tab \tab \tab \tab 412 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography--Films, Frame for Drying \tab \tab 446 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography-Green Prints, Paper That Makes \tab 157 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography-Kits for the Camera\tab \tab \tab 159 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography-Negative Washer, Adjustable, }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 143 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photography-Negatives, Broken, Restoring \tab \tab 377 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography-Paper Stuck to Negative, To Remove\tab 250 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photography-Pictures, Four, on One Plate\tab \tab 46 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photography-Printing Frame Stand \tab \tab \tab 123 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography-Prints, }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab Overexposed Developing, Saving\tab \tab 16 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography-Proofs, Making before Negative Dries\tab 33 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography-Ray Filter, Substitute for\tab \tab 120 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Photography-Toning Blue On Bromide and Platinum 31 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Photography-Tripod Holder, Homemade \tab \tab 284 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Piano, Electric, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 247 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Picture Frame, Etched Copper, How to Make\tab \tab 414 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pies, Removing from Pans \tab \tab \tab \tab 275 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pin Ball, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 314 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pine, Yellow, Painting \tab \tab \tab \tab 151 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pipe and Fittings, Hand Car Made of \tab \tab \tab 440 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pipe and Fittings, Hand Sled Made of \tab \tab 305 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pipe Fittings, Bench Lathe Made of \tab \tab \tab 316 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pipe Fittings, Uses for \tab \tab \tab \tab 61 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pipe, Gas, and Fittings, Steam Engine Made from \tab 184 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pipe Rack, Bent Iron \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 305 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Planing Octagonal Wood Pieces, Block for \tab \tab 293 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Plant Food Percolator \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 258 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Plaques, Photo Silhouette Brass \tab \tab \tab 217 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Plaques, Plaster, Mounting Photos in \tab \tab \tab 287 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Plaster of Paris, How to Mix. \tab \tab \tab \tab 110 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Plaster, Porous, Removing \tab \tab \tab \tab 41 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Plate Lifter, Hot \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 318 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Plug, Electric, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 430 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Plug, Emergency, Faucet Used as \tab \tab \tab 343 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Plug, Fitting in Different Shaped Holes \tab \tab 122 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Plumb-Bob Line, Adjusting \tab \tab \tab \tab 229 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pocket Lamp, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 149 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pockets for Spools of Thread \tab \tab \tab \tab 13 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Polish, Aluminum\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 428 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Polish for Nickel \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 112 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Polish, Stove\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 133, 252 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Polisher, Floor\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 10, 350 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Polishing Cloths for Silver\tab \tab \tab \tab 32 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Polishing Flat Surfaces \tab \tab \tab \tab 229 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Polishing Metals, Use of Kerosene in \tab \tab \tab 364 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Porch Swing Chair \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 128 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Portfolio, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 225 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Portieres, Japanese, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 265 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Postcard Holder, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 363 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Postcard Projector, Electric \tab \tab \tab \tab 195 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Postcard Rack\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 25 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Postcards, Photograph\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 453 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Postcards, Unreadable, Key Card for Writing \tab 35 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pot Cover, Closet \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 16 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pot Covers, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 297 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pottery Kiln, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 62 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Poultry, Feed Box for \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 292 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Poultry Feeder, Alarm Clock \tab \tab \tab \tab 79 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Powder, to Explode with Electricity \tab \tab \tab 53 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Propelling Vehicle, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 402 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pulley, Grooved, Made from Sheet Tin \tab \tab 412 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Pump, Rotary, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 81 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex118 Punch. Piercing, for Brass\tab \tab \tab \tab 19}}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20{\charscalex92  }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Punching Bag Platform, Adjustable \tab \tab \tab 267 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Punt, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 123 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Purse, Coin, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 354 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Putty, Blacking \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 376 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20{\charscalex118 Putty for Iron Castings \tab \tab \tab \tab }}{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\fs20\fs20269}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Putty Grinder \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 191 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Putty, Painting over \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 136 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Putty, To Preserve \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 121 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Puzzle, Checker Board \tab \tab \tab \tab 189, 233 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Puzzle, Dovetail Joint \tab \tab \tab \tab 236 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Puzzle, Photographic Jig Saw \tab \tab \tab 361 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Puzzle, Wire\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 378 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Pyro-Carving, Library Set in \tab \tab \tab \tab 407 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 Q}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Quartz Electrodes Used in Receiving }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab Wireless Messages \tab \tab \tab \tab 170 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Querl, Versatile\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 28 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Quilting Frames, Folding \tab \tab \tab \tab 258 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 R}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\fs20 R{\charscalex118 abbit Trap, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 233 }}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rabbit Trap, Self Setting, How to Make \tab \tab 158 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rabbits, Trap for\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 395 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rack, Bent Iron Pipe \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 305 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rack, Clothes\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 14 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rack, Cup and Saucer \tab \tab \tab \tab 105 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rack for Displaying Coins \tab \tab \tab \tab 220 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rack, Postcard\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 25 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rack, Shoe\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 146 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Radium Affects Glass \tab \tab \tab \tab 116 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rain Gauge, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 64 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rat Exterminator, Electric \tab \tab \tab \tab 358 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rat Traps\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 290, 395 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rats and Mice, Killing \tab \tab \tab \tab 293 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rats, Keeping from a Chicken Coop \tab \tab \tab 352 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Ray Filter, Substitute for \tab \tab \tab \tab 120 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Reel, Kite\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 156 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Relay Made from an Electric Bell\tab \tab \tab 94 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rheostat, Battery\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 80, 445 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rheostat, Lead Pencil, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 145 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rheostat, Water \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 78 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rheostat, Water, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 43 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Ring, Finger, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 39 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Ring, Tight Fitting, Removing from Finger \tab \tab 361 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Roller Coaster Illusion\tab \tab \tab \tab 293 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Roller Skates, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 386 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Rope Grills, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 277 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rubber Bands in Kite Balancing Strings \tab \tab 270 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rubber Stamps, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 393 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rubber Tip for Chair Legs \tab \tab \tab \tab 229 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Rule and Hammer, Experiment with \tab \tab \tab 106 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ruler, Fountain Pen Used as \tab \tab \tab \tab 319 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 S}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sack Trick \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 251 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Sail, To Attach to a Bicycle \tab \tab \tab \tab 425 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Sailomobile, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 326, 415 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sails, Boat, Revolving a Wheel with\tab \tab \tab 152 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sails for Skaters\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 381 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Salad Dressing, Aid in Mixing \tab \tab \tab 16 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Sandpaper, To Keep from Slipping \tab \tab \tab 376 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Saw, Bracket, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 42 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Saw, Homemade Scroll \tab \tab \tab \tab 11 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Sawing Sheet Metal \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 389 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Scissors, Removing from a Card \tab \tab \tab 175 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Scissors, Sharpening \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 419 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sconce, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 325 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Scoop, Shot\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 230 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Screen, Fire, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 82 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Screw, Tightening with Lead \tab \tab \tab \tab 233 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Screws, Inserting in Hardwood \tab \tab \tab 318 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Screws, Wood, Lubricant for \tab \tab \tab \tab 137 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Sealing Wax Bent While Cold \tab \tab \tab 61 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sealing Wax Hatpins, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 175 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Seals, Clear Wax Impressions from \tab \tab \tab 450 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Searchlight, Self Lighting Arc \tab \tab \tab 9 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Searchlight, Small, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 336 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Seat, Rustic\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 441 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Settee, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 385 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sewing Bag, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 386 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sewing Machine, }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab Old Wood Turning Lathe Made Out of \tab 403 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Screw, To Hold on a Screwdriver\tab \tab \tab 337 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Scroll Saw, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 11 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Shade, Candle, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 191 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Shade, Fastening to a Roller \tab \tab \tab \tab 413 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Shade Holder Bracket for a Gas Jet \tab \tab \tab 419 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shaving Mug, Traveler's\tab \tab \tab \tab 9 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Shelf Arrangement, Convenient \tab \tab \tab 413 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Shelf, Mission Bracket \tab \tab \tab \tab 39 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shelf, Turn Down, for a Small Space\tab \tab \tab 144 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shelf, Window, for Flower Pots \tab \tab \tab 292 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shellac Gum, Dissolving\tab \tab \tab \tab 124 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shocking Machine, Homemade\tab \tab \tab 139 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shoe Horn, Substitute\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 25 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shoe Rack, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 146 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shoe Scraper\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 413 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shoes, Skating, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 158 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shoes, White, Cleaner for \tab \tab \tab \tab 239 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shoestring Watch Fob, How to Weave\tab \tab 285 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shot Scoop\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 230 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Shower Bath, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 15 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Signals, Covering with Gold Leaf\tab \tab \tab 189 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Signals for Fishing Through Ice\tab \tab \tab 10, 380 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Silhouette Brass Plaques, Making\tab \tab \tab 217}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Silhouettes, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 68 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Silk, To Print Photographs on\tab \tab \tab \tab 396 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Silver, Cleaning\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 305, 344 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Silver Plating Outfit, Small, To Make\tab \tab \tab 360 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Silver, Polishing Cloths for\tab \tab \tab \tab 32 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sink or Bathtub Stopper, Substitute\tab \tab \tab 429 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sizing a Threaded Hole\tab \tab \tab \tab 295 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Skate Sharpener, Pocket, How to Make \tab \tab 166 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Skater, Winged \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 381 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Skates, Ice, Hollow Grinding\tab \tab \tab \tab 231 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Skates, Roller, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 386 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Skates, Sharpening with a File \tab \tab \tab 306 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Skating Shoes, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 158 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Ski, Norwegian\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 384 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Skidoo-Skidee Trick, Scientific Explanation of \tab 162 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Skis and Ski-Toboggans, Making\tab \tab \tab 3 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sled, Barrel Stave \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 383 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sled, Bicycle \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 157 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sled, Bicycle Coasting, How to Make \tab \tab 231 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Sled, Hand, Made of Pipe and Fittings \tab \tab 305 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Sled, Toboggan, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 44, 384 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sled, Yankee \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 408 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Sleds, Coaster, Rocker Blocks on\tab \tab \tab 223 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Sleeve Bands, Bicycle Trouser Guards as \tab \tab 283 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sleeve Holders for Lavatories\tab \tab \tab \tab 17 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sleigh, Chair\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 383 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sleigh, Running\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 381 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sling, Crossbow and Arrow, How to Make \tab \tab 339 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Snow House, Eskimo, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 5 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Snowshoes, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 9 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Solder with Low Melting Point\tab \tab \tab 421 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Soldering Clamps, Homemade\tab \tab \tab 137 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Soldering for the Amateur\tab \tab \tab \tab 38 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Soldering Tool, Emergency \tab \tab \tab \tab 28 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Spark Coil, Piercing Glass Plates with\tab \tab 426 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Spectacle Case, Leather, How to Make \tab \tab 228 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Spit Turned by Water Power \tab \tab \tab \tab 102 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex118\fs20 Splashes, Study of \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 164 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Spine for Draftsman\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 406 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Spoon Rest for Kettles\tab \tab \tab \tab 24, 304 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sport Skis and Ski-Toboggans, Making \tab \tab 3 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sports, Winter, Devices of \tab \tab \tab \tab 380 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Spring Board for Swimmers \tab \tab \tab \tab 237 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Spring, Curtain Roller, How to Tighten \tab \tab 79 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sprocket Wheels, Small, To Make\tab \tab \tab 15 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stage, Miniature, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 159 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stains, Iodine, Removing \tab \tab \tab \tab 425 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stains on Book Leaves, Removing\tab \tab \tab 31 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stamp Pad, Handle for Opening \tab \tab \tab 23 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stamps, To Remove Paper from \tab \tab \tab 234 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Star, North, Photographing \tab \tab \tab \tab 443 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Static Machine, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 177 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Steam Calliope, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 418 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Steam Engine Made from Gas Pipe and Fittings \tab 184 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Steam Engine, Model\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 1 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Steam Engine, Toy, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 73 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Steam Turbine, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 20}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Steamboat Model, Simple\tab \tab \tab \tab 216 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Steel, Chisel, Annealing\tab \tab \tab \tab 362 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Steering Wheel, Heated \tab \tab \tab \tab 441 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stereograph, Principles of \tab \tab \tab \tab 186 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stick Pin, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 164 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Still, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 426 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Still, Simple, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 170 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stool, Camp, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 222 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Storage Battery, Small, How to Make \tab \tab 121 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stove, Electric, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 31, 273 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stove Polish \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 133, 252 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stovepipe, Cleaner for\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 230 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stoves, Cleaning\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 155 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Strainer and Ladle, Combined \tab \tab \tab 302 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Stream, Crossing on a Log\tab \tab \tab \tab 94 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Street Car Line, Imitation, How to Build \tab \tab 374 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sundial, How to Lay Out\tab \tab \tab \tab 261 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Sunlight, Using in Magic Lantern\tab \tab \tab 251 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Swimmers, Spring Board for\tab \tab \tab \tab 237}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Swimming Pool, Concrete \tab \tab \tab \tab 178 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Swing and Turning Rings Combined\tab \tab \tab 283 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Swing Chair, Porch\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 128 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Swing, Homemade Round\tab \tab \tab \tab 192 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Swing, Merry-Go-Round, How to Make \tab \tab 131 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Swing Seat, Child's Homemade\tab \tab \tab 276 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Switch, Automatic Time \tab \tab \tab \tab 80 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Switch, Battery \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 99 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Switch, Electric Pendant, How to Make\tab \tab 310 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Switch, Reversing for Electrical Experiments  \tab 92}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Switch, Simple, for Reversing a Current\tab \tab 111 }
\par 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 T}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex118{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Table, Lifting\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 99 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Table Mat of Leather, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 286 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Table, Mission Library, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 141}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Table Pads, Asbestos \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 212 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Talking Machine Reproducer, Relieving Weight of\tab 245 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tank, Small, Aerating Water in\tab \tab \tab 241 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Target, Illuminated\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 291 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tarnish, Removing\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 17 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Tea Tray, Cheesebox Cover \tab \tab \tab \tab 18 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Teeter Board, Revolving \tab \tab \tab \tab 297 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telegraph and Telephone Line, Combination \tab \tab 332 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Telegraph Codes \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 422 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Telegraph Instrument and Buzzer, How to Make \tab 334 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Telegraph Key and Sounder, How to Make\tab \tab 76 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Telegraph Key, Homemade\tab \tab \tab \tab 21, 283 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telegraph Line, One Wire \tab \tab \tab \tab 78 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telegraph, Line, Simple Open Circuit \tab \tab \tab 59 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telephone and Telegraph Line, Combination \tab \tab 332 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telephone Experiment \tab \tab \tab \tab 137 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telephone Receiver, Homemade \tab \tab \tab 55, 353 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Telephone, }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab Receiving Wireless Telegraph Messages with \tab 92 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telephone, Singing \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 75 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telephone Transmitter, Homemade \tab \tab \tab 398 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telephone, Wireless, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 432 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telescope, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 108 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telescope Stand and Holder \tab \tab \tab \tab 218 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Telescope, Water, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 410 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Tent, Bell, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 190 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Tent, Lawn, Quickly Made \tab \tab \tab \tab 398 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Tents, Weatherproofing for \tab \tab \tab \tab 389 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Thermo Battery, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 59 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Thermo-Electric Battery, How to Make \tab \tab 140 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Thermometer, Air \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 152 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Thermometer Back in Etched Copper. To Make. \tab 246 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Thermostat. Small, How to Construct \tab \tab \tab 455 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Thorns Used as Needles In a Phonograph \tab \tab 453 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Thread, Cutting Inside Glass Bottle \tab \tab \tab 179 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Thread Spools, Pockets for \tab \tab \tab \tab 13 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Time Alarm, Electric \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 433 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Time Switch, Automatic \tab \tab \tab \tab 80 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Tin, Sheet, Grooved Pulley Made from \tab \tab 412 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Tinware, Rustproof \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 347 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Tire Repair, Emergency \tab \tab \tab \tab 33 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Toaster, Electric, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 37 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Toaster, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 139 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Toboggan Sled, How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 44, 384}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Toboggans and Skis, Making \tab \tab \tab \tab 3 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Tool, Cutting Point of \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 278 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tool for Lifting Can Covers\tab \tab \tab \tab 352 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tool Hangers \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 453 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tool, Soldering\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 28 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Top, Austrian \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 12 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Top, Optical \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 69 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Toy, Child's Rolling, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 224 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Toy Darts and Parachutes \tab \tab \tab \tab 352 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Toy Flier, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 429 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Toy-Skidoo-Skidee, Scientific Explanation of \tab \tab 162 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trailer for a Bicycle\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 397 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Transformer, 110-Volt. How to Make \tab \tab \tab 439 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trap for Rabbits, Rats and Mice, How to Make \tab 395 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trap for Small Animals \tab \tab \tab \tab 82 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trap, Minnow, How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 390 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trap, Mouse\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 112, 198, 450 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trap, Rabbit \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 233 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trap, Rat\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 290 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trap, Self Setting, How to Make\tab \tab \tab 158 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trays, Copper. How to Make \tab \tab \tab \tab 180 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tree, Measuring the Height of \tab \tab \tab \tab 376 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Tree Top, Building House in\tab \tab \tab \tab 146 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trees, Burning Inscriptions on\tab \tab \tab \tab 45 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick--Balancing on Chairs \tab \tab \tab \tab 131 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick--Bottle. Diving\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 331 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick, Buttonhole\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 234 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick--Cannon Balls, 36, Removing from Handbag \tab 256 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick, Card. with Tapered Deck \tab \tab \tab 70 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick, Coin and Card on the First Finger\tab \tab 175 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick, Coin and Tumbler \tab \tab \tab \tab 378 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Coin, Changing into a Button \tab \tab \tab 234 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Coin, Disappearing \tab \tab \tab \tab 176, 193 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Coin, Moving Under a Glass \tab \tab \tab 214 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Coin, Sticking against Wall \tab \tab \tab 176 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trlck--Coins, Dropping in a Glass Full of Water \tab 231 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick--Coins, Making Stick to Wood\tab \tab \tab 287 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick--Cord, Buttoned\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 427 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick--Electric Illusion Box\tab \tab \tab \tab 135 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick--Electric Shock, To Give While Shaking Hands\tab 133 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Flowers, Growing \tab \tab \tab \tab 244 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick--Forks. Balancing on a Pin Head\tab \tab \tab 427}
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick--Handkerchief Mended after Being Cut and Torn 198 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick--Hat, To Hang on a Lead Pencil\tab \tab \tab 133 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Key, Removing from a Double String \tab \tab 179 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick, Knot\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 167 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick--Knot. Magic\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 198 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Light, Invisible {{\*\updnprop5801}\dn8 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }251 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Magic Box Escape \tab \tab \tab \tab 7 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Magic Spirit Hand \tab \tab \tab \tab 2 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Marble, Rolling \tab \tab \tab \tab 197 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick, Mechanical, with Cards \tab \tab \tab \tab 63 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Miniature "Pepper's Ghost" Illusion \tab \tab 52 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Optical Illusions \tab \tab \tab \tab 74 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick-Paper, }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 \tab Withdrawing from Under an Inverted Bottle \tab 33 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick-Photograph of a Clown Face \tab \tab \tab 180 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick, Rising Card \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 256 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick, Sack \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 251 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick--Scissors. Removing from Card \tab \tab \tab 175 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick, Skldoo-Skldee \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 116 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick, Stage-Levitation \tab \tab \tab \tab 459 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick-Table, Lifting \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 99 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick-Thread, Cutting Inside a Glass Bottle\tab \tab 179 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick, Vanishing Handkerchief \tab \tab \tab 319 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick-Violin, Making Spirits Play \tab \tab \tab 295 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick, Watch \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 313 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trick, Water and Wine \tab \tab \tab \tab 244 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trick with a Coin in a Wine Glass \tab \tab \tab 167 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Tripod Holder, Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 284 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Trolley Coaster, Homemade Overhead \tab \tab 387 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trousers, Hanger for \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 143, 369 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Trunk Lock. Combination, How to Attach \tab \tab 134 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Turbine Engine, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 355 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Turbine, Steam \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 20 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Turning Rings and Swing, Combined \tab \tab \tab 283 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Turpentine In Cutting Oil \tab \tab \tab \tab 302 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Typewriter Ribbons, Renewing \tab \tab \tab 454 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 V}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Vacuum Cleaner, New Use for\tab \tab \tab \tab 25 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Vacuum, Experiment with\tab \tab \tab \tab 439 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Valve, Flush, Repairing a Washer on \tab \tab \tab 344 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Varnish for Electric Terminals\tab \tab \tab \tab 375 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Vegetables, Preventing Burning in a Pot. \tab \tab 14 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Vegetable Slicer \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 413 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Vehicle-Automobile, Boy's Homemade \tab \tab 430 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Vehicle-Hand Car Made of Pipe and Fittings \tab \tab 440 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Vehicle, Propelling, How to Make \tab \tab \tab 402 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Vehicle-Wind Propeller, How to Make \tab \tab 415 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Violin, Making Spirits Play\tab \tab \tab \tab 295 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Vise, Carpenter's Homemade \tab \tab \tab \tab 36 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Vise. Hand. How to Make\tab \tab \tab \tab 201, 211, 226, 280, 340 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Volcano. Miniature. How to Make\tab \tab \tab 448 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Voltammeter, Pocket \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 330 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Voltmeter, Battery \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 153 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Vulcanizing Press for Rubber Stamps \tab \tab \tab 394 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs28\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs28\langfe1033\loch\fs28\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs28\lang1033\i0\b0 W}
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\charscalex117{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs20\langfe1033\loch\fs20\lang1033 {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Walking Stick. Electric \tab \tab \tab \tab 413 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wall, Cleaning \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 375 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wall, Waterproofing\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 229 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 Wallpaper, Moldy, Cleaning\tab \tab \tab \tab 320 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0 War Dance, Miniature \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 255 }
\par \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\tldot\tqr\tx1{\*\hyphen2\hyphlead2\hyphtrail2\hyphmax0}\rtlch\af0\afs20\lang255\ltrch\dbch\af0\afs24\langfe1033\loch\fs24\lang1033{\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Washboard Holder\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 39 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Washer on a Flush Valve, Repairing \tab \tab \tab 344 }
\par {\loch\f0\fs20\lang1033\i0\b0\charscalex117\fs20 Washers for Emery Wheel Arbors \tab \tab \tab 359 }
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\par {\loch\f7\fs16\lang1033\i0\b0 End of Project Gutenberg's The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1, by Popular Mechanics}
\par 
\par {\loch\f7\fs16\lang1033\i0\b0 *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOY MECHANIC: VOLUME 1 ***}
\par 
\par {\loch\f7\fs16\lang1033\i0\b0 ***** This file should be named 12655.txt or 12655.zip *****}
\par {\loch\f7\fs16\lang1033\i0\b0 This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:}
\par {\loch\f7\fs16\lang1033\i0\b0         https://book.klll.cc/1/2/6/5/12655/}
\par 
\par {\loch\f7\fs16\lang1033\i0\b0 Produced by Don Kostuch}
\par 
\par {\loch\f7\fs16\lang1033\i0\b0 Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions}
\par {\loch\f7\fs16\lang1033\i0\b0 will be renamed.}
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